THE EFFECT OF USING COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED
READING AND COMPOSITION ON STUDENTS’ READING
COMPREHENSION
A Thesis
Submitted to the English and Literature Department of State University of Medan in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana
Pendidikan
By:
DESI DAMAWANTI
Registration Number: 208 321 011
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
ABSTRACT
Damawanti, Desi. The effect of using Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition on student’s Reading Comprehension. A Thesis. Medan: English Department, Faculty Languages and Arts, State University of Medan 2013.
TABLE OF CONTENT
a. The generic structure of anecdote text... 16
3. Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition ... 18
F. Validity and Reliability ... 32
G. . The analysis of the data ... 33
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ... 34
A. Data analysis ... 34
1. Testing reliability of the test ... 35
2. Analyzing the data by using t-test ... 36
B. Testing Hypothesis ... 37
C. Research Finding ... 37
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 39
A. Conclusions ... 39
B. Suggestions ... 39
REFERENCES ... 41
List of Table
3.1 Model of Research………... 23
3.2 The specification of the test……… 25
3.3 Teaching Presentation for Experimental Group……….. 27
List of Appendices
Appendix A : The score of pre-test and post-test of experimental group……. 42
Appendix B : The score of pre-test and post-test of control group………….. 43
Appendix C : The calculation of the reliability of the test………...…... 44
Appendix D : The calculation of the test……….. 45
Appendix E : The score of the reliability of the test……...……… 50
Appendix F : Reading comprehension test………. 51
Appendix G : Lesson plan of experimental group and control group……… 60
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background Of The Study
Reading is one of the four language skills that is very important. Reading is
also something crucial and indispensable for the students, because the success of their
study depends on their ability to read. Reading is a means of language acquisition, of
communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a
complex interaction between the text and the reader. Reading is the window of the
world because it is an important tool for people to access information.
Reading is the ability to draw meaning from the printed page and interpret the
information approximately (Grabe and Stoller 2002:9). It is an active cognitive
process of interacting with print and monitoring interpretation or understanding to
establish meaning by giving test. The main purpose for reading is to comprehend the
ideas in the material. Without comprehension , reading would be empty and
meaningless.
Anderson (2006:3) states that, reading is one of the most poorly developed of
our daily skills and yet it is a vital medium of communication. Reading consists of
two related processes: word recognition and comprehension. Word recognition refers
to the process of perceiving how written symbols correspond to one’s spoken
language. Much of what we know about reading is based on studies conducted in
Improving student’s reading comprehension is not an easy task, teaching
reading nowadays is directly faced to some problem. Many students are still having
problems with reading. For example the students may be able to read a text only,
without know the meaning and the purpose of the text, even there are many students
that can’t read in English. The factor is the strategy used in the teaching and learning
process. The students only asked to read and answer the questions related to the text.
This strategy makes the students do not fully understand of what they have read.
When the writer did the field experience practice (PPL) in SMA N 1
BABALAN, most of the students faced many difficulties when reading their text
book. They did reading as a passive activity because as a common reading activity
they only asked to read and then translate the story. When they asked to read theyare
only read without comprehend the text and also they have no self confidence to read.
Without comprehension, a student does not really read. It is the teacher’s
responsibility to help the students to comprehend the text. The teacher needs to
assess student’s reading needs. Teacher should design and redesign course in order to
make an interesting learning process for students.
According to Bowen (2000) states Cooperative learning can be defined as
a learning approach in which small, mixed student groups form both in-the-class
and out-of-the-class environments to ensure students help each other in learning an
academic subject in the scope of a common goal; where their self-esteem increases
and their communication, problem-solving and critical thinking skills develop; and
Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) is a comprehensive
program for teaching reading . It has three principle elements: story-related activities,
direct instruction in reading comprehension, and integrated language arts. In CIRC,
teacher used anecdote text. Students were assigned to teams composed of pairs of
students from the same or different reading groups. Students worked in pairs on a
series of cognitively engaging activities, including read to each other; predicted how
stories will end; summarized stories to each other; wrote responses to stories; and
practiced spelling, decoded, and vocabulary. Students worked in teams to understand
the main idea and master other comprehension skills.
Based on the explanation, it is essential to use a suitable and effective
technique to help students to solve their reading comprehension problem.
B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the research problem is formulated as
follows:
“Is there any significant effect of using Cooperative Integrated Reading and
Composition on student’s reading comprehension?”
C. The Objective of the Study
In line with this problem, the objective of the study is to find out the effect of
using Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (CIRC) on the student’s
D. The Scope of the Study
There are many types of text. They are narrative, descriptive, expository,
anecdote, recount and many types other. This study deals only with reading anecdote
by applying Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition technique. The
researcher use anecdote text because anecdote text is an interesting text which can dig
student’s enthusiasm to read. The content of anecdote text is about funny and unusual
incident in the end of story, which can make students want to know about the ending
of the story. It means that they would read the text fully to satisfy their curiosity
about the story.
E. The Significance of the Study
This research findings are expected to be useful for:
1. The teachers to improve their ability in teaching reading by paying more
attention to the strategy of teaching reading.
2. The students help them in comprehending the text easily and to help
students sharing ideas or opinion related to the text.
3. The readers to update their information or knowledge about how to improve
reading skill and as a reference for those who are interested in doing the
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Having analyzed the data presented in the previous chapter, the researcher
takes some conclusions as follows:
1. Based on the result of the data analysis, it is concluded that using Cooperative
Integrated Reading and Composition Technique has a significant effect on
student’s reading comprehension (t-observed > t-table at the level of
significance 0.05 and null hypothesis is rejected.).
2. Students who were taught by using Cooperative Integrated Reading and
Composition Technique showed better improvement.
B. Suggestion
Based on the conclusions above, the result of the findings contribute valuable
suggestions for those who are interested in teaching reading comprehension
1. Teaching by applying CIRC technique is proved effective in upgrading
student’s reading comprehension, so the researcher suggest that English
teacher should apply CIRC technique in teaching reading comprehension.
2. Students should apply this learning method in comprehending a text because it
3. The readers who are interested for further study related to this research should
explore the knowledge to enlarge their understanding about how to improve
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