ABSTRAK
Ardya Rifiantara. 2013. Keragaman Jenis Pisang (Musa spp.) Di Jawa Barat Berdasarkan Dominansi Penyebaran Dan Karakter Agro-Morfologi. Dibimbing oleh Ade Ismail dan Nono Carsono.
Pisang merupakan komoditas penting di Indonesia. Jawa Barat adalah salah satu pusat keragaman pisang di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi tingkat keragaman jenis pisang di Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan sejak bulan Mei hingga bulan Juli 2012 di delapan kota/kabupaten di Jawa Barat (Bandung Barat, Sumedang, Sukabumi, Garut, Cirebon, Kuningan, Banjar, dan Ciamis). Pengamatan menggunakan metode survey dan eksplorasi dengan penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Dalam penelitian ditemukan 49 jenis pisang yang tumbuh di Jawa Barat dengan tingkat keragaman tinggi. Berdasarkan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP), pisang Nangka adalah pisang yang paling dominan (INP 50.6%) di Jawa Barat. Di posisi kedua dan ketiga yaitu pisang Ambon Lumut (INP 28.3%) dan pisang Siem (INP 15.5%). Analisis Komponen Utama dan Analisis Klaster dilakukan pada 120 aksesi dari 37 jenis pisang dan 37 aksesi dari 37 jenis pisang. Pada 120 aksesi pisang, karakter yang paling berkontribusi pada keragaman adalah karakter panjang daun dan tinggi tanaman. Sedangkan pada 37 aksesi, karakter yang paling berkontribusi pada keragaman adalah karakter panjang daun, tinggi tanaman, jumlah buah per sisir dan bentuk daun. Melalui dendogram, jarak disimiliaritas dari dua kelompok aksesi menunjukkan variasi yang luas. Dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan data-data yang diperoleh dan hasil analisis, Jawa Barat memiliki keragaman jenis pisang yang luas berdasarkan dominansi penyebaran dan karakter agro-morfologi pisang.
ABSTRACT
Ardya Rifiantara. 2013. Diversity of Banana (Musa spp.) in West Java Based on Domination and Agro-Morphology Traits. Supervised by Ade Ismail and Nono Carsono.
Banana is an important commodity in Indonesia. West Java is one of center for diversity of banana in Indonesia. This research was aimed to estimate the level of banana diversity in West Java. This research was started in May to July 2012 in eight cities in West Java (West Bandung, Sumedang, Sukabumi, Garut, Cirebon, Kuningan, Banjar and Ciamis). The methods applied were survey and exploration which the locations were chosen by purposive sampling. The result indicated that were founded 49 types of banana in West Java. The score level of diversity was 2.72, indicated that the diversity level was high. Based on Important Score Index (ISI), Nangka was the most dominant cultivar (ISI 50.6 %) in West Java. On the second and third position were Ambon Lumut (ISI 28.3 %) and Siem (ISI 15.5 %). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis were done to 120 accessions of 37 types of banana and 37 accessions of 37 types of banana. It was indicated that the most contributing character for banana variations of 120 accessions were the length of leaf and the height of the plant. While on the 37 accessions the most contributing character were the length of leaf, the height of plant, fruits per bunch and leaf shape. Through the dendogram, the dissimilarity showed that in West Java banana has broad variations. It was concluded that in West Java banana has high diversity based on domination and agro-morphology traits.
