Mesakh Kristia Hartono

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By

Mesakh Kristia Hartono 11112047

BACHELOR’S DEGREE in

Mechanical Engineering-Mechatronics Concentration Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower

Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 - Indonesia

Revision after the Thesis Defense on [19 January 2018]

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Mesakh Kristia Hartono STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.

Mesakh Kristia Hartono

_____________________________________________

Student Date

Approved by:

Dena Hendriana B.Sc, S.M., Sc.D

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Thesis Advisor

Date

Dr.Irvan Setiadi Kartawiria ST.,M.Sc.

_____________________________________________

Dean Date

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Mesakh Kristia Hartono Construction of Electrical Power Generation using Hybrid of Renewable Energy

for Local Communities

By

Mesakh Kristia Hartono Dena Hendriana B.Sc, S.M., Sc.D

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY

In recent years, small scale power generation using renewable energy has been recognized as suitable option for energy access in rural areas due to uneconomical grid extension. Electrical generation as part of community development is done in Serpong area because of energy potential, easy access and research permit. Development of renewable energy generations with 3 sources includes water, solar radiation and wind has been done. Planning process includes surveys of location and estimation of renewable energy potential in Serpong area. Data collection related to renewable energy potential is done in qualitative and quantitative manner using measuring instrument to get wind speed and water debit. Qualitative is done by interviewing local community related to availability of resources throughout the year. 700 W generic wind turbine is used as a tool of experiment. High variability of wind resources makes system can’t work as expected (only about 100W power produced).2 kWp solar panels system is installed to demonstrate solar system which consists of 8pcs of 250Wp solar panels. In this experiment, solar power generation can generate up to 1,5kWs with variation in sun orientation and clouds . For water energy, small dam is made on run off river with head about 3.5 m with an average 12 L/s. It can reach max 21 L/s and 4 L/s at the lowest.

Open flume water turbine with 600 W rated power is used to generate electricity from available water resources.

Keywords: Feasibility study, Renewable Energy, Small Scale Electrical Generation

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Mesakh Kristia Hartono DEDICATION

I dedicate this works for Jesus Christ and My beloved Family

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Mesakh Kristia Hartono ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First, I would like to thank Jesus Christ for His Blessings upon my life so far. Without His Blessings, this thesis will not be completed.

I wish to thank my parent who is very supportive towards me all time especially when time becomes hard.

I would like to thank Dr. Arko Djajadi as my advisor who provide me ideas, support and guidance throughout my thesis works. He never bored to support me and remind me for finished my thesis works. Beside that, he always thoughtful and acts like parent during thesis works.

I would like to thank Dr. Dena Hendriana as my thesis advisor who provides me instruction to construct thesis report and idea to present all data so that it will impact presentation.

I would like to thank all of my friend who supports me in completing this thesis done and all friendship during study periods in university

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ABSTRACT ... 3

DEDICATION ... 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... 7

LIST OF FIGURES ... 10

LIST OF TABLES ... 14

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ... 15

1.1 Background ... 15

1.2 Objectives ... 16

1.3 Thesis Scope and Limitation ... 16

1.4 Significance of Study ... 16

1.5 Thesis Organizations ... 17

CHAPTER 2-LITERATURE REVIEW ... 18

2.1 Types of Renewable Energy ... 18

2.1.1 Solar Energy ... 18

2.1.2 Wind Energy ... 22

2.1.3 Hydro Energy ... 24

2.1.4 Bio Energy ... 26

2.1.5 Geothermal Energy ... 27

2.2 Electrical Power Generation ... 28

2.2.1 Hydro Power ... 28

2.2.1.1 Flow Determination Method ... 29

2.2.1.1.1 Velocity-Area method (rough estimate) ... 29

2.2.1.1.2 Weir Method (rectangular) ... 30

2.2.1.1.3 Bucket method ... 32

2.2.1.2 Head Calculation ... 33

2.2.1.2.1 Spirit Level and plank ... 33

2.2.1.2.1 Meridian Clinometer Method ... 34

2.2.1.3 Power Calculations ... 35

2.2.1.4 Civil Works ... 36

2.2.1.4.1 Micro-hydro Powerplant System Scheme ... 36

2.2.1.5 Mechanical and Electrical Components ... 37

2.2.1.5.1 Turbine ... 38

2.2.1.5.2 Control Panel ... 39

2.2.1.5.3 Generator ... 39

2.2.2 Wind Power ... 40

2.2.1.1 Flow Determination Method ... 40

2.2.1.3 Power Calculations ... 41

2.2.1.4 Civil Works ... 42

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2.2.1.7 Turbine Overview ... 42

2.2.1.7.1 Wind Turbine Type ... 42

2.2.1.7.1Wind Turbine Components ... 44

2.2.3 Solar Power ... 45

2.2.3.1 Types of PV system ... 45

2.2.3.1.1 Grid Connected PV-system ... 45

2.2.3.1.2Stand-Alone PV systems ... 46

2.2.3.2 Components of Solar Power Generation ... 47

2.3 Combination of Renewable Energy ... 50

2.3.1 Intermittency in Nature ... 50

2.3.2 Configuration of Hybrid Model ... 50

CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODS ... 53

3.1 Methodology ... 53

3.2 Intial Asessment ... 55

3.2.1 Site Assessment ... 55

3.2.2 Resource Assessment ... 58

3.2.2.1 Solar Resource Assessment ... 58

3.2.2.1.1 Meteorological Data ... 58

3.2.2.1.2 Field Test ... 59

3.2.2.2 Wind Resource Assessment ... 60

3.2.2.2.1 Meteorological Data ... 60

3.2.2.2.2 Field Test ... 61

3.2.2.3 Microhydro Resource Assessment ... 65

3.2.2.3.1 Topographical Study ... 65

3.2.2.3.2 Hydrological Study ... 66

3.2.2.3.3 Rainfall Data ... 66

3.2.2.1.4 Field hydro Test ... 67

3.3 Construction and Installation Procedures ... 71

3.3.1 Solar Panels ... 71

3.3.2 Wind Turbine ... 76

3.3.3 Hydro Energy ... 78

CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 83

4.1 System Performance ... 83

4.1.1 Results Wind Turbine Power Generation ... 83

4.1.2 Results Solar Panel Power Generation ... 85

4.1.3 Results of Hydropower Generations... 91

CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATIONS ... 92

5.1 Conclusions ... 92

5.2 Recommendations ... 93

References ... 94

Appendices ... 95

Appendix A-Datasheet ... 95

A.1 Open-Flume 550 W Micro-hydro ... 95

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A.5 External Data Logger ... 100

A.6 Module-level Data Logger ... 102

A.7 Solar-Man Portal ... 103

A.8 Misol Weather Stations ... 104

A.9 Digital Tachometer Laser... 105

Appendix B-Screen-Shot and Drawing... 106

Appendix B-1 Sample of Excel Report Misol Data ... 106

Appendix B-2 Sample of Excel Report PV-Solar... 107

CURRICULUM VITAE ... 108