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A W U A A N t e r n s t e r j a -d i . K o r b a n j i w a b e r g e -l i m p a n g a n . B e r b a g a i u p a y a u n t u k m e n c e g a h n y a s u -d a h b a n y a k d i l a k u k a n . N a -m u n , a d a s a t u h a l y a n g s e l a -m a i n i k u r a n g d i g a r a p d e n g a n b a i k , y a i t u s o s i a l i s a s i ( b a c a : p u b l i s i t a s ) h u k u m p o s i t i f , t e r -u t a m a s o s i a l i s a s i t e n t a n g s a n k s i p i d a n a b a g i m e r e k a y a n g m e l a k u k a n p e l a n g g a r a n h u k u m .F i k s i h u k w n T i d a k a d a a t a u k u r a n g n y a s o s i a l i s a s i i n i b i s a j a d i k a r e n a d i d a l a m i l m u h u k u m , d i k e n a l t e o r i f i k s i h u k u m y a n g m e n y a -t a k a n b a h w a d e n g a n d i u n -d a n g k a n n y a s e b u a h p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n m a k a s e m u a o r a n g d i a n g g a p m e n g e -t a h u i p e r a t u r a n t e r s e b u t . D e -n g a -n k a t a l a i n , f i k s i h u k u m m e n g a n g g a p s e m u a o r a n g t a h u h u k u m
(presumptio
i u r e s d e i u r e ) . P a d a h a l , r e a l i t a s d i l a p a n g a n s a n g a t l a h b e r b e d a . S e b a g a i m a n a h a l n y a d e n g a n b e r b a g a i t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g l a i n , m e r e k a y a n g m e l a k u k a n t a w u r a n , " b i s a j a d i " t i d a k m e n g e t a h u i b a h w a a p a y a n g m e r e k a l a k u k a n a d a l a h t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g b i s a d i k e n a i s a n k s i y a n g s a n g a t b e r a t .D e n g a n f i k s i h u k u m , k e t i -d a k t a h u a n r a k y a t a t a s u n -d a n g - u n -d a n g d i a n g g a p s e s u -a t u y a n g t i d a k d a p a t d i m a -a f k -a n
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p a d a h a l b a g a i m a n a m u n g k i n m a s y a r a k a t m e m a -t u h i d a n m e n e r i m a h u k u m a t a u p e r a t u r a n j i k a m e r e k a t i d a k m e n g e t a h u i h u k u m a t a u p e r a t u r a n a p a y a n g h a r u s m e r e k a t a a t i .K u r a n g d i k e d e p a n k a n n y a p e n g e t a h u a n h u k u m p o s i t i f d e n g a n s e g a l a s a n k s i n y a i n i , b i s a j u g a k a r e n a a d a p a n d a n g
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a n b a h w a n i l a i n i l a i m o r a l t e n -t a n g " k e b a i k a n " d i a n g g a p " m a s i h " h i d u p d i m a s y a r a k a t . D a l a m k o n t e k s t a w u r a n , n i l a i -n i l a i m o r a l y a n g d i b u n g k u s d e n g a n i s t i l a h b u d a y a b a n g s a a t a u a g a m a s e k a l i p u n , j u s t r u b a n y a k d i p e r t a n y a k a n . K a r e n a n i l a i - n i l a i m o r a l n o n h u k u m p o s i t i f t e r s e b u t , s a n k s i n y a b e r u p a m o r a l j u g a ( s e p e r t i p a -h a l a d a n d o s a a t a u n e r a k a d a n s u r g a ) , s e c a r a f i s i k m a u p u n f i -n a -n s i a l ( s e p e r t i d e n d a - p e n . ) s a n k s i - s a n k s i m o r a l t e r s e b u t k u r a n g m e n y e b a b k a n t e r -j a d i n y a " k e j e r a a n " y a n g b e r s i -f a t l a n g s u n g .
K e s a l a h a n - k e s a l a h a n b e r -p i k i r s e p e r t i d i k e m u k a k a n d i a t a s , p a d a a k h i r n y a m e n y e -b a -b k a n p o l a - p o l a p e n a n g a n a n y a n g k u r a n g t e p a t . R e k o n s i l i a s i a t a u k e b u l a t a n t e k a d m e m b u a t p e r d a m a i a n u n t u k t i d a k t a w u -r a n l a g i , p e n y u l u h a n y a n g h a n y a s e b a t a s p a d a i m b a u a n m o r a l s e p e r t i y a n g d i l a k u k a n s e l a m a i n i , t e r b u k t i k u r a n g m e m p a n u n t u k m e n c e g a h t e r -j a d i n y a t a w u r a n k e m b a l i .
S l o g a n i s m e P e n d e k a t a n m o r a l i n i t e r c e r -m i n p u l a d a r i g a y a p e n a -n g a -n a -n y a n g l e b i h m e n g e t e -n g a h k a -n s l o g a n - s l o g a n y a n g j u g a b e r s i f a t m o r a l , s e p e r t i " t a w u r a n t i d a k s e s u a i d e n g a n b u -d a y a b a n g s a " , -d s b . P r i l a k u " s l o
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pu-l a p a d a s p a n d u k , p a m f l e t a t a u " b i l l b o a r d " t e n t a n g n a r k o t i k a . S e b a g a i c a n t o h , " M a s a D e p a n
S u r a m G a r a - g a r a N a r k o b a " , " D u n i a I n d a h T a n p a N a r k o b a " , " N a r k o b a M u s u h G e n e r a s i M u d a '', d s b . B a n d i n g k a n a n -.t a r a s l o g a n y a n g b e r s i f a t m o r a l i n i d e n g a n s l o g a n y a n g l e b i h b e r i s i s u b s t a n s i h u k u m , s e p e r -t i y a n g s e r i n g d i s a m p a i k a n o l e h p r a m u g a r i k e t i k a a k a n m e n d a r a t d i K u a l a L u m p u r : " I n i a d a l a h p e n g u m u m a n p e n t -i n g . B a r a n g s i a p a m e m b a w a d a d a h , d a p a t d i h u k u m s e b e r a t b e r a t n y a s a m p a i d e n g a n h u k u -m a n -m a t i " ,
D i n e g a r a - n e g a r a y a n g s u -d a h m a j u , p e n d i d i k a n m o r a l s e p e r t i s o p a n s a n t u n , b a i k d i k e l u a r g a m a u p u n d i s e k o l a h t e r u s d i l a k u k a n . N a m u n p e -n g e t a h u a -n t e n t a n g h u k u m p o s i t i f ; m i n i m a l y a n g t e r k a i t d e n g a n p r i l a k u s e h a r i h a r i , s u -d a h d i a j a r k a n s e j a k b a n g k u t a m a n k a n a k - k a n a k . K a r e n a i t u d i n e g a r a - n e g a r a m e r e k a , t a w u r a n - - t e r u t a m a t a w u r a n a n a k - a n a k s e k o l a h , d a p a t d i k a t a k a n t i d a k p e r n a h t e r j a d i ( k e c u a l i , t a w u r a n , a n t a r s u -p o r t e r y a n g b i a s a n y a b e r a d a d i b a w a h p e n g a r u h o b a t ) .
A p a b i l a t e r j a d i p e r s e l i s i h a n , p a l i n g - p a l i n g h a n y a b e r s i f a t " a d u m u l u t " . J a r a n g y a n g s a m p a i k e p a d a p e r k e l a h i a n . D i P r a n c i s , m i s a l n y a , k a r e n a d i a -j a r k a n d i s e k o l a h , s e m u a o r a n g m e n g e t a h u i d e n g a n p e r s i s , b a h w a s i a p a m e m u k u l d u -l u a n ( t a n p a m e m p e r h a t i k a n s i a p a y a n g s a l a h ) d e n d a n y a d a p a t m e n c a p a i 1 . 0 0 0 e u r o .
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W a l a u p u n s e k o l a h m e m p u n y a i f u n g s i m e n d i d i k d a n k e j a d i a n n y a d i s e k o l a h , p e n y e l e s a i -a n k -a s u s - k -a s u s y a n g m e n j u r u s k e p a d a t i n d a k p i d a n a , t i d a k d i l a k u k a n o l e h s e k o l a h s e n d i r i , t a p i o l e h p e n e g a k h u k u m .
P u b l i s i t a s B e r a n g k a t d a r i b e r b a g a i m a -s a l a h p i d a n a y a n g s e m a k i n m e m b e s a r , s o s i a l i s a s i a t a u b i a -s a j u g a d i -s e b u t a s a s p u b l i s i t a s h u k u m m e n j a d i s a n g a t p e n t -i n g . A s a s p u b l -i s -i t a s h u k u m i n i d i a r t i k a n s e b a g a i k e w a j i b a n p e m e r i n t a h u n t u k m e m u b -l i k a s i k a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n -d a n g - u n -d a n g a n k e p a d a m a -s y a r a k a t ( t e r u t a m a y a n g s i f a t -n y a m e n y a n g k u t h u b u n g a n a n t a r i n d i v i d u , a n t a r a i n d i v i d u d e n g a n m a s y a r a k a t d a n n e -g a r a ) , s e h i n g g a m a s y a r a k a t m e n g e t a h u i d a n m e m a h a m i b e r b a g a i p e r a t u r a n p e r u n -d a n g - u n -d a n g a n t e r s e b u t .
Pu-b l i s i t a s h u k u m d a p a t d i k a -t a k a n s e b a g a i l a n g k a h p r e v e n -t i f y a n g s e k a l i g u s m e r u p a k a n p r a s y a r a t t e r w u j u d n y a k e p a -t u h a n m a s y a r a k a t t e r h a d a p h u k u m .S e c a r a t e k n i s , p u b l i s i t a s h u k u m i n i d a p a t d i s a m p a i k a n m e l a l u i p e n d i d i k a n d i s e k o l a h . P e n g e t a h u a n e l e m e n t e r t e n -t a n g h u k u m d a n s e g a l a s a n k -s i n y a , d a p a t d i s a m p a i k a n s e -c a r a b e r t a h a p , d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n t i n g k a t a n p e n d i d i k a n , m u l a i d a r i t a m a n k a n a k - k a n a n s a m p a i p e r g u r u a n t i n g g i .
K a r e n a h u k u m m e m i l i k i k e k u a t a n m e n g i k a t , m a k a p e -n g e t a h u a -n h u k u m d a p a t m e n -j a d i k o n t e n y a n g p a l i n g k o n -k r e t d a l a m k u r i k u l u m p e n -d i -d i k a n k a r a k t e r .
B e b e r a p a s u b s t a n s i h u k u m d a n s a n k s i m a k s i m a l y a n g h a -r u s d i k e t a h u i o l e h m a s y a r a k a t ( d e n g a n m e n c a n t u m k a n p a s a l p a s a l d i K U H P a t a u s a n k s i p i -d a n a d i U U l a i n n y a ) a n t a r a l a i n : p e r b u a t a n y a n g m e m b u a t o r a n g l a i n t i d a k s e n a n g , p e n -g a n i a y a a n , p e n -g a n i a y a a n y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n k e m a t i a n , p e m -b u n u h a n , p e n c u r i a n - - k o r u p s i , p e n j u a l a n d a n p e n g g u n a a n n a r k o b a , p e n g r u s a k a n f a s i l i t a s N e g a r a , t a t a c a r a m e n y a m p a i -k a n p e n d a p a t ( d e m o n s t r a s i ) , h u k u m y a n g t e r k a i t d e n g a n p e l a n g g a r a n l a l u l i n t a s , d s b .
S e t e l a h h u k u m d i k e t a h u i o l e h m a s y a r a k a t , t a h a p a n b e -r i k u t n y a a d a l a h p e n e g a k a n h u k u m s e c a r a k o n s e k u e n . A p a b i l a m a s y a r a k a t s u d a h m e n g e t a h u i t e n t a n g a t u r a n h u k u m , t a p i a t u r a n h u k u m i t u t i d a k d i t e g a k k a n , h u k u m h a n y a a k a n j a d i " m a c a n k e r -t a s " y a n g t i d a k a k a n m e n g -u b a h p e r i l a k u k e t a a t a n
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