Cakupan: 25/10/2013. Overview Seismicity of Indonesia. Konferensi Nasional Teknik Sipil 7, UNS Solo, 25 Oktober 2013

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Peran Akademisi dan Praktisi dalam

Pembangunan Gedung dan Infrastruktur Tahan Gempa di Indonesia,

Lessons Learned dari Pembuatan Peta Gempa Indonesia 2010

Masyhur Irsyam* dkk. *Ketua - Tim Revisi Peta Gempa Indonesia *Ketua - Pusat Penelitian Mitigasi Bencana ITB *Ketua - Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

*Koordinator - Tim Mikrozonasi Gempa kota-kota Besar Indonesia *Anggota - Tim Penasehat Konstruksi Bangunan DKI Jakarta

Konferensi Nasional Teknik Sipil 7 , UNS Solo, 25 Oktober 2013

Cakupan:

• Alasan Mengapa Perlu Melakukan Revisi Peta Gempa

• Kondisi Tektonik dan Kegempaan Indonesia

• Peta Hazard dan Peta Resiko Gempa

• Pemakaian untuk Standard Perencanaan di Indonesia

Peta tektonik kepulauan Indonesia dan sekitarnya (Bock et al., 2003)

PENDAHULUAN

Indonesia menempati zona tektonik yang sangat aktif karena tiga lempeng besar dunia dan beberapa lempeng kecil lainnya saling bertemu di Indonesia

6 cm/year

12 cm/year

EURASIA PLATE

INDO AUSTRALIA PLATE PASIFIC PLATE PHILIPINE PLATE

Overview Seismicity of Indonesia

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Arsitektur

Geologi

Seismologi

Sosiologi

Psikologi

Ekonomi dll

Teknik Sipil

Urban Planning

Geofisika

Bidang Keilmuan yang terlibat Mitigasi Bencana Gempabumi:

Bidang kajian ilmu-ilmu dasar/sains

Bidang-bidang aplikasi, rekayasa, dan analisis resiko

Bidang-bidang sosial

“Earthquakes don’t kill people…. buildings kill people”

(Prof. Chris Scholz Columbia University)

Strategi Mitigasi Gempa

Efek Gempa

Strategi

Fault rupture Hindari

Tsunami Hindari

Kelongsoran (besar) Hindari

Likuifaksi Hindari/ Ditanggulangi Goncangan/ Gerakan Tanah Ditanggulangi

(FEMA 451b, 2007)

Fenomena Alam Gempa

Sangat potensial mengakibatkan kerugian besar

Kejadian alam yang belum dapat diperkirakan secara akurat: kapan, dimana, magnituda

Gempa tidak dapat dicegah

Infrastruktur perlu didisain tahan gempa Manusia memiliki kebutuhan dasar untuk terlindungi dari implikasi buruk adanya gempa

Bangunan Tahan Gempa

Contoh kesiapan menghadapi gempa:

Chile

Februari 2010

Haiti

Januari 2010

Kekuatan Gempa 8.8 7

Energi yang dilepaskan 500 kali-nya

Jumlah Getaran 512 kali-nya

Korban Meninggal Ratusan jiwa Ratusan Ribu jiwa

Kehilangan Rumah Sedikit Banyak

Pemulihan Jaringan Komunikasi Cepat Lama

Chile relatif sangat siap dalam menghadapi gempa.

Undang-undang di Chile mengharuskan setiap bangunan untuk memiliki konstruksi tahan gempa.

Perbandingan Efek Gempa Chile dan Gempa Haiti

Pembangunan gedung dan infrastruktur tahan gempa:

Peran penting Akademisi – Praktisi yang didukung oleh Pemerintah/Lembaga

Newton’s 2

nd

_Law:

H = m x a

Spectral Acceleration at Bedrock

H

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Earthquake Zone - 3 Earthquake Zone - 4 Earthquake Zone - 5 Earthquake Zone - 6 Earthquake Zone - 2 Earthquake Zone - 1 1 2 2 4 5 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 4 6 5 3 5 3 5

The 1

st

_{Seismic Hazard Map}

in Indonesian Standard for Earthquake Resistance Building Design 1983

The 2nd_{Seismic Hazard Map}

Indonesian Standard for Earthquake Resistance Building Design (SNI-03-1726-2002) Horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration at bedrock SB

for 10% in 50 years (+500 years)

Rata-rata hasil perhitungan dari: -Praktisi (Konsultan) -Akademisi (ITB) -Kementerian (PU) -Lembaga (PSG)

Why does the current code require improvements ?

1. To considers recent great earthquakes in Indonesia

USGS Aceh Earthquake Mw=9.2 (December, 2004) Yogya Earthquake Mw=6.3 (May, 2006) Tasik Earthquake Mw=7.4 (Sept, 2009) Padang Earthquake Mw=7.6

(Sept, 2009) Jambi Earthquake Mw=6.6 _{(Oct, 2009)} Nias Earthquake Mw=8.6

(March, 2005)

Mentawai Earthquake Mw=7.2 (Oct, 2010)

Earthquake events since the release of SNI-2002

Simeuleu Earthquake Mw=8.5 (11 April, 2012) Simeuleu Earthquake Mw=8.1

(11 April, 2012)

Lam Paseh

(4)

Mall Pantee Pirak, Banda Aceh 2004

Rapat di PU Pusat tgl 30 November 2009

- Rapat dihadiri oleh 70 undangan mewakili: Akademisi, Asosiasi Profesi, Kementerian/ Lembaga

- Keputusan rapat: Menteri PU perlu membentuk Tim Revisi Peta Gempa SNI-2002 - Diharapkan Revisi Peta sudah dapat dihasilkan dalam 3 bulan (akhir Februari 2010)

Ketua: Prof. Masyhur Irsyam (Rekayasa Geoteknik Kegempaam – Akademisi ITB + HATTI) Wakil: Dr. Wayan Sengara (Rekayasa Geoteknik Kegempaam – Akademisi ITB) Sekertaris: Fahmi Almadiar, MT (Seismic Hazard – Praktisi PU)

Anggota: M Asrurifak, MT (Seismic Hazard– Mahasiswa S3 ITB) Dr. Danny Hilman (Geologi - Praktisi LIPI)

Ir. Engkon Kertapati (Geologi – Praktisi Pusat Penelitian Geologi) M. Ridwan, MT (Geologi – Praktisi PU)

Dr. Irwan Meilano (Geodesi, Crustal Deformation – Akademisi ITB) Prof. Sri Widiantoro (Geofisika – Akademisi ITB)

Dr. Wahyu Trioso (Geofisika – Akademisi ITB) Drs. Suhardjono (Geofisika – Praktisi BMKG)

Team for Revision of Seismic Hazard Map of Indonesia 2010

Peta Hazard:

Prof. Phil Cummins - Akademisi Geo Science Australia Dr. Mark Petersen - Praktisi USGS

Dr. Indra Djati Sidi – Akademisi ITB Dr. Nicholas Luco – Praktisi USGS Prof. Widiadnyana Merati – Akademisi ITB Daniel Hutabarat, MT – Mahasiswa S2 ITB Peta Resiko: ) Didukung oleh:

Supported by:

Ministry of Public Works Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology, Geophysics ITB Ministry of Energy+ Mineral Resources National Disaster

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Estimated maximum magnitude of seismic sources for development of

seismic hazard map 2002

Sumatra Subduction 8.5 Jawa Subduction 8.2 Semangko 7.6 Sukabumi 7.6 Baribis 7.0 Lasem 6.8 Bumiayu 6.1 Palawan Sulu Tarakan Kutai Walanae Palu-Koro 7.6 Banda 8.5 Seram 8.4 Halmahera 8.4 North Sulawesi 8.0 Sangihe 8.5 Tarera-Aiduna 6.5 Aru 6.0 Sorong 7.6 Ransiki 6.5 Mamberamo 7.6 Flores Back-arc 6.1

Reasons for Updating

Previous Estimation Mw=7.2 – 8.0

Actual Mw=9.0

3.0 g

To update earthquake records and earthquake source data

including active faults that have not been considered in the 2002 map

SNI-03-1726-2002 Eartquake

Data up to1999

1997 2000 2003 2006 2009

2010

To account for New Data and Technology Development

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1. Identification of Earthquake Sources Location : coord of sources Geometry : direction 0f strike, dip angle, maximum depth Mechanism : subduction, normal fault, reverse

1. Identifikasi sumber gempa

Lokasi : koord. sumber gempa

Geometri : arah strike, sudut dip, kedalaman maksimum Mekanisme : subduksi, patahan normal, reverse

2. Characterization of Sources

Frequency distribution Slip rate  Maximum Magnitude Information on geologi, seimology  Earthquake cataloque

2. Karakterisasi sumber gempa

Frekuensi kejadian Slip rate  Magnitude maksimum

Informasi Geologi,

seimologi

Katalog data gempa

3. Selection of Atenuation Function

Available strong motion accelerogram data

3. Pemilihan fungsi atenuasi

Data strong motion accelerogram yang ada

4. Seismic hazard Calculation Calculating seismic hazard based on input in the Step (1) + (2) + (3) by considering epistemic uncertainties Expert judgement

Seismic design criteria

4. Perhitungan hazard gempa

Menghitung hazard dengan input dari Tahap (1) + (2) + (3) dengan memperhitungkan ketidakpastian epistemic.

Expert judgement Seismic design criteria

Development of Maps of PGA & Response Spectra

Probability Density Function

1. Procedure for Developing Probabilistic Hazard Map

Seismic Hazard Analysis

 Probabilistic analysis

 Deterministic analysis

PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM

Total Probability Theorem

Site location Semarang Se m a ra n g F a u lt Sou th 0.11 g

Selecting the worst scenario with maximum magnitude (Mmax) and closest distance (Rmin) for each source

Determining the ground motions based on Mmax and Rmin with 84 percentile Identification of subduction and active faults surrounding the site location

M=7.3

2. Procedure for Developing Deterministic Seismic Hazard Map

Tectonic Setting and Earthquake Sources

for Indonesia

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Tectonic Setting for Indonesia

Source Type I: Subduction Megathrust

Megarthrust Andaman-Sumatera Mw=9.2 , a=4.70, b=0.83

Megarthrust Middle1 Sumatera Mw=8.6 , a=4.71, b=0.88 Megarthrust Jawa Mw=8.1 , a=6.14, b=1.10 Megarthrust Sumba Mw=7.8 , a=6.81, b=1.20 Megarthrust Timor Mw=7.9 , a=9.09 b=1.60

Megarthrust South Banda Sea Mw=7.4 , a=7.56 b=1.34 Megarthrust North Banda Sea

Mw=7.9 , a=6.86 b=1.20 Megarthrust North Sulawesi

Mw=8.2 , a=4.28 b=0.91

Megarthrust Philipine Mw=8.2 , a=4.64 b=0.87

North Papua Thrust Mw=8.2 East Molucca Sea

Mw=8.1 West Molucca Sea

Mw=7.9 Sulu Thrust Mw=8.5 Indian-Australian Plate Eurasian Plate Pasific Plate Philipine Plate

Megarthrust Middle 2 Sumatera Mw=8.5 , a=5.35, b=0.97

Megarthrust S Sumatera Mw=8.2 , a=5.76, b=1.05

Seismic tomography to obtain the geometry for subduction zones

Seismic tomography to obtain the geometry for subduction zones

(Widiyantoro, 2009 and

Tim Revisi Peta Gempa Indonesia, 2010) _{Sumatran fault Zone}

INDIAN-AUSTRALIANPLATE

EURASIAN PLATE

Jakarta 1881 (7.9) 1941 (7.9) 1797 (M8.4) 1861 (M~8.5) 1907 (~M7.8) 1935 (M7.7) 2000 (M7.8) 2002

1833 (8.9)

2004 (M9.15) 2005 (M 8.7) Currently locked, end of typical cycle

Unknown section, no large eartquakes in historical records 2007 (M 8.4)

Natawidjaja, 2010

(8)

Beginning of the new earthquake cycle

Perlu merekonstruksi kejadian-kejadian masa lalu

Dikerjakan oleh Dr. Danny Hilman (Praktisdi LIPI)

_{Inter-seismic period}

(slow strain accumulation)

Slow uplift

Slow

Submergence

(Natawidjaja, 2005)

During recent giant earthquakes the islands RISE suddenly!

The Sumatran Coasts

SINK!

(Natawidjaja, 2005)

Rising island creating new land in Simelue

during Aceh-Andaman earthquake

Old beach

New

coast line

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Banda Aceh and

East part of the

islands SINKS

(Natawidjaja, 2005)

Haloban in

Banyak Island

Sinked about 30 cm

(Natawidjaja, 2005)

(10)

Desa HALOBAN, P. Tuanku, Kep. Banyak

(Natawidjaja, 2005)

(Natawijaya, 2004)

Corals tell about how the islands move up and down

Penelitian Coral untuk studi Kejadian Gempa dan Deformasi (Natawijaya, 2005)

(Natawijaya, 2004)

1833

1816

₁₈₀₈

1797

(11)

July 2006 (Mw 7.8) 1994 (Mw 7.8)

Java Megathrust Earthquakes

Natawijaya, 2010

Kegempaanhasilrelokasi (Engdahl, 2009) Kegempaanhasilrelokasi <50km (Engdahl, 2009)

Irwan Meilano, 2011

5. Toru 6. Angkola 8. Sumpur 1.Seulimeum 13. Dikit 14. Ketaun 11. Suliti 15. Musi 16. Manna 17. Kumering 18.Semangko 19.Sunda 9. Sianok 7. Barumun 4. Renun 2. Aceh 3. Tripa 10. Sumani 12. Siulak 50. Palu-Koro 53. Poso 58. Lawanopo 57. Gorontalo

52. Walanae 55. Tolo thrust 51. Matano 54. Batui thrust 73. Sorong-Maluku 72. Sula-Sorong 71. Tarera-Aidun 70. Yapen 75. Ransiki 74. Sorong

79 Highland thrust belt 77. Manokwari trench

76. Membrano thrust tbelt 78. Lowland 34. Wetar back arc

36. Flores back arc 33. Semarang

34. Jogja 30. Bumiayu 32. Cimandiri

31. Baribis

Tectonic Setting for Indonesia

Source Type II: Active faults have been well identified

1822 1926 (~7) 1984 (6.4) 1987 (6.6) 1921 1916 1984 1987 1892 1822 1943 1909 1995 1952 1926 1942 1893 1900 1933 1994 1908 1990 1997 1936 1964 1967 1893 1892 (7.7) 1900 1908 1916 1933 (7.5) 1942 (7.3) 1936 (7.2) 1952 (6.8) 1979 (6.6) 1943 (7.3) 1990 (6.5) 1997 (6.5) 1964 (6.5) 1921 ( >7) 1994 (6.9) 1995 (7.0) 1909 (7.6) 1967 (6.8)

Historical Earthquakes along The Sumatran Fault Zone (Natawijaya, 2010)

2000

Seismic Gap?

23 destructive events in the past 200 years or 1-2 large earthquakes occur every decade

6 March 2007 (M6.3 & 6.1)

1 Oct 2009 (M 6.7)

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Tracing Coordinates of

Faults, Subduction, and Relocated Epicenters on SRTM

Collect GPS data  Velocity Movement Based  Slip Rate

Velocity Movement and Slip-rateBased on GPS

Spatially smoothed-gridded seismicity

Seismic Sources:

Source Type III: Shallow and Deep Background

It is very suitable for unmapped faults, but have historical earthquake records It is used o account for epicenters that do not belong to well identified active faults

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All shocks

_{Main Shocks 1897-2009}

Megatrust Fault Shallow backgound Benioff 2 Benioff 1 Benioff 3 Benioff 4 Benioff Zone/ Deep BG

Classification of Main Shocks Based on Type of Source (conducted by S3 Student) Subduksi Megathrust Subduksi Benioff Fault Background Subduction Megathrust Subduction Benioff Fault/ Shallow Crustal

Background

Selection of Attenuation Functions

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Content:

• Reasons for Revision of Seismic Hazard Map

• Tectonic Setting and Seismic Sources

• New Seismic Hazard and Risk Maps

• Applications for the Indonesian codes

SNI 2002 SNI 1983 SEAOC Vision 2000 Committee dan FEMA 273

ccccccc

Design Live

Probability of

Exceedance Earthquake Level 50 tahun 20% 10% Immediate Occupancy Live Safety (Rare Earthquake) 225 years 500 years

Deterministic maps 84%:

•Subductions •Faults • 50 • 100 • 200 • 500 • 1,000 • 2,500 •5,000 • 10,000

Probabilistic maps:

years

Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB

(for 50 years Earthquake)

Didukung oleh:

(15)

Didukung oleh:

Probability of exceedence 10% in 50 years (500 years EQ)

Didukung oleh:

(16)

Probability of exceedence 0.5% in 50 years (10,000 years EQ)

Deterministic Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for Faults at Bedrock SB

with 84% percentile (150% Median)

Deterministic Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for Subduction at Bedrock SB

with 84% percentile (150% Median)

PGA

0.2 sec

1.0 sec

Spectral Acceleration at S

s

and S

1

for

50, 200, 500, 1000, 2500, 10000 years

and Deterministic approach

S

0.2

S

1

(17)

Content:

• Reasons for Revision of Seismic Hazard Map

• Tectonic Setting and Seismic Sources

• New Seismic Hazard and Risk Maps

• Applications for the Indonesian codes

Struktur Bangunan Bawah:

Dr. F.X. Toha (Ketua ITB) Dr. Wijoyo Prakoso (UI) Prof. Paulus Rahardjo (Unpar) Dr. Wayan Sengara (ITB) Sindhu Rudianto, MSc (HAKI) Dr. Sylvia Herina (Puskim) Dr. Bigman Hutapea (HATTI) Prof. Masyhur Irsyam (ITB)

Tim Revisi SNI 1726 2012

Struktur Bangunan Atas:

Prof.Bambang Budiono (Ketua - ITB) Prof. Iswandi Imran (ITB) Dr. Muslinang M. (ITB) Dr. Dyah Kusumastuti (ITB) Ir. Teddy Boen (HAKI)

MaryokoHadi, DipI.E.Eng (Puskim)

Dr. Dradjad H. (HAKI) Ir. Stefy Tumilar (HAKI)

Ketua:

Prof. Gde Widiadnyana Merati (Akademisi ITB) Buildings SNI-03-1726-2002 Eartquake Data up to1999

1997 2000 2003 2006 2009

Process of Development of Hazard Map

2010

(National Concencus March 2010): IBC 2009 is adopted for SNI-2010

July 2010: ProbabilisticHazard Maps signed by Ministry of PW

Continuous Updating:

to account for New Data and Technology

SNI-03-1726-2002 Eartquake Data up to1999

1997 2000 2003 2006 2009

Seismic Hazard:

- Probablistic: 10% PE in 50 yrs (500 yrs eq.)

Process of Development of Hazard Map

follows the concept of UBC

2010 (March 2010): adopted for SNI-2010 Pleno meeting November 2010: adopted for SNI-2010

 IBC 2009

 ASCE 2010

Pleno meeting January 2011: Risk-Targeted Ground Motion map

Continuous Updating:

to account for New Data and Technology

MCER(Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Eq.)

Risk of Collapse 1% in 50 yrs:

Seismic Hazard:

- Probabilistic - Deterministic Approach Fragility of Buildings

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Application of Hazard Maps: depends on the type of infrastructure

Adapt ASCE 2010; combines •Probabilistic + •Deterministic + •Building Fragility

Buildings

National Consensus:

Coordinated by:

Research Institute for Human Settlements Ministry of Public Works

SNI 2002 SNI 1983 SEAOC Vision 2000 Committee dan FEMA 273

ccccccc

Design Live

Probability of

Exceedance Earthquake Level

50 tahun 20% 10% 2% Immediate Occupancy Live Safety (Rare Earthquake) Near Collapse (Very Rare Earthquake)

225 years 500 years MCE*: - Prb 2,500 years + - Deterministic Risk of Colapse:

1% (Very Rare Earthquake) Near Collapse

MCEG + MCER**: - Probabilistic + - Deterministic + - Fragility IBC 2009 SNI 2013 ASCE 2010

Deterministic

maps

MCE

map

G

• 50

• 100

• 200

• 500

• 1,000

• 2,500

• 10,000

years

Probabilistic maps:

years

Building

Fragility

MCE

R

maps

*MCE: Maximum Considered Eq. (Gempa Maksimum Dipertimbangkan Rata-rata Geometric)

**MCER: Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Eq. (Gempa Maksimum Dipertimbangkan Resiko-Tersesuaikan)

Jepit Liquefaction potential

s

active/passive PGA S_s S₁

MCE

R

MCE

_G Upper Structure Sub Structure

Seismic Base Shear

Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric mean Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake

(19)

P

_f

=

ʃ

0 ∞

H

(a)

dP

f

(a)

da

Risk/probability of collapse Hazard Fragility Curve

(Conditional probability of failure)

Capacity

RTGM

Risk-Targeted Ground Motion

Luco, 2009

MCE

_R

: Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake

ASCE-2010: Risk of Collapse is 1% in 50 yrs

=1/5000

Ss Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Ground Motion

Parameter for Indonesia for 0.2 s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping), Site Class B

(Prepared by Team on Indonesian Risk-Targeted Ground Motions)

Ss Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Ground Motion

Parameter for Indonesia for 1.0 s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping), Site Class B

Ground Surface Bedrock SB SS (Gambar 9) (Gambar 10) S1 Soil Type Fa (Tabel 4) Fv (Tabel 5) SMS = Fa SS SM1 = Fv S1 0.2 T S pec tr al Ac celer at ion 1.0 SS S1 0.2 T S pec tr al Ac celer at ion SMS = Fa SS SDS = (2/3) SMS SD1 = (2/3) SM1 T0= 0.2 Ts 0.4 SDS SM1 = Fv S1 1.0 Spectra at BedrockSB

Spectra at ground surface

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Spe kt ral acc e le rati on (g) Perioda (sec) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Medium

Soft

Soft SNI-2002 Soft SNI-2013 Medium SNI-2013 Medium SNI-2002

Comparison SNI 2002 with SNI 2013 for Jakarta

1993 2004 2008 2013 2014

Puslitbang Jalan + Jembatan PU

+Akademisi

+Praktisi • Revisiin of SNI 2833-2008 is on going by the Bureau of Bridge • Internal consensus

for RO has been agreed by the Research Center for Highway and Bridge • Consept of RO refer

to AASHTO, 2010. Guideline

Seismic Load Design for Bridge

Design Standard for Seismic Resistance Bridge Standar Nasional Indonesia

500 years earthquake

Earthquake Level= 1,000 years earthqauke

Design live= 70 years

Probability of Exceedance=7%

Highway Bridges

Hydraulic Structures

Refer to USBR:

Probabilitic: 50, 100, 200, 500 1000, 2.500, 5.000, 10.000 yrs + Deterministic 84%

For checking the safety of existing large dams: 5,000 and 10,000 years earthquake

Hydraulic Structures

Puslitbang Air PU +Akademisi

+Praktisi

Design Earthquake: 500 yrs ?

Railway

bridges

Ports and

(21)

National Electric Company

Concrete Dam for Electricity?

Recommendation from PRP (Project Review panel): -The Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE): 145 yr -The Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE):

Probabilistic return period of 2475-yr + Deterministic 84th percentile level

Concrete Dam in West Java, 2013

_Aceh

Padang Manado Jakarta Kendari Ambon Denpasar Bengkulu Jogjakarta Kupang Lampung Jayapura

Mikrozonasi untuk kota-kota di indonesia

(kota besar dan dekat sumber gempa)

PENELITIAN-PENELITIAN KEDEPAN

Surabaya Bandung

Semarang Makassar

Example of Microzonation Study for Istanbul City

(Ansal, 2010)

Development of Micozonation Maps for:

•DKI Jakarta (2011 - 2014)

•Denpasar, Manado, Jayapura, Padang (2012 - 2014)

National Disaster Management Agency Coordination Ministry of

Public Walfare Public Works Ministry of

Berau of Meteorology, Climatology,

Geophysics Government of Jakarta ITB

Ministry of Energy+

(22)

Master Plan Penelitian Pengurangan Resiko Bencana

Perlunya:

- Mata kuliah wajib Rekayasa Gempa di Prodi Teknik Sipil

- Perlu mengantisipasi pasar bebas 2015 dng bebas masuknya konsultan asing

Non Engineering Building

Conclusions

The role of academicians and practicions are very important in mitigating seismic hazard

Revision of seismic hazard maps for Indonesia has been developed based upon updated available seismotectonic data, new fault models, and recent ground-motion prediction equations.

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis has been conducted.

For buildings: Mpas of Maximum Considered Earthquakes (MCEG and MCER)

have been developed based on Probabilistic +Determintic + Fragility.

For highway bridge, dam, port, etc: Revisions for seismic resistance design (including the maps) are still on going.

(23)

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge:

- The Ministry of Public Works -The Ministry of Research and Technology

-National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) through AIFDR (Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction )

-USGS