View of COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN NOVEL “DRUPADI” BY SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA: GRICE’S PERSPECTIVE

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

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‹ŽŽƒ’•‹‡ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ Doing Literary Criticism: Helping Students Engage with Challenging Texts. –‡Š‘—•‡ǣ–‡Š‘—•‡—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ

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‹mon, A. (2014). Mythology, Taboo, and Cultural Identity in Elif Shafak’s "The

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COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN NOVEL

“DRUPADI” BY SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA:

GRICE’S PERSPECTIVE

Luthf Annisa, Nandang Nurdiansah, M. Anwar Masadi

ƒŠƒ•ƒƬƒ•–”ƒ”ƒ„ǡƒ—ŽƒƒƒŽ‹„”ƒŠ‹ǡƒŽƒ‰ǡ†‘‡•‹ƒ

ƒ‹ŽǣŽ—–Šˆƒ‹•ƒ̷‰ƒ‹ŽǤ…‘

 

Abstract: This study discusses the flouting and violation of the cooperative principles in the novel "Drupadi" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The purpose of this study is to examine the utterances in the novel "Drupadi" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma those that apply and violate Grice’s cooperative principle (four maxims). The four maxims are the maxim of relation, the maxim of manner, the maxim of quality, and the maxim of quantity. This research collected data through the technique of reading and writing. The data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results show that twelve words are included in the utterances that adhere to the cooperative principle.

Six expressions obey the relevance/relational maxim, one expression obey the maxim of manner, four obey the quality maxim, and one utterance obey the quantity maxim. The researcher also found speeches that violated the cooperative principle as many as three words. Two utterances violate the quality maxim, and one utterance violates the quantity maxim, no utterance violates the maxim of the relevance and maxim of the way.

Keywords: Cooperative principle, maxim flouting, maxim violation



INTRODUCTION

‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡Šƒ•ƒ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ”‘Ž‡‹…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡

•’‡ƒ‡”•ƒ†Ž‹•–‡‡”•Ǥ‹–Š‘—––Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡ǡƒ•’‡‡…Šƒ…–™‹ŽŽ‘–

™‘”ƒ•‹–•Š‘—Ž†ȋ‡‡…ŠǡʹͲͳͷȌǤŠ‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ‘—–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡

’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ‹ ƒ •’‡‡…Š ƒ…– –Šƒ– ‘……—”• „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ •’‡ƒ‡” ƒ† –Š‡ •’‡‡…Š

’ƒ”–‡”‹••‘–Šƒ–‹–Š‡…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†–Š‡•’‡‡…Š

’ƒ”–‡”ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡–Š‡†‡•‹”‡†…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘‰‘ƒŽ•ȋ”‹‡ˆǡʹͲͳͷǡ’Ǥ͵ʹȌǤ

”‹…‡̵•…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡‹•†‹˜‹†‡†‹–‘ˆ‘—”ƒš‹•–‘ˆ‘…—•‘–Š‡

ˆŽ‘—–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ‹ ƒ •’‡‡…Š ƒ…–Ǥ ƒš‹• ƒ”‡ ‘”• ‹

•’‡‡…Š ƒ…––Šƒ– —•– „‡ ‘„‡›‡† „› •’‡ƒ‡”• ƒ† •’‡‡…Š ’ƒ”–‡”•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘—”

Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

ƒš‹• ‹ ”‹…‡̵• …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ƒ”‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ

ƒ‡”ǡƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡƒ†ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–›ǤŠ‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘‹•ƒ

ƒš‹–Šƒ–†‡ƒ†•ƒ…‘‡…–‹‘‹ƒ•’‡‡…Šƒ…–Ǥƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”‹•ƒƒš‹

–Šƒ–ƒ˜‘‹†•‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‹ƒ•’‡‡…Šƒ…–ǤŠ‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ƒƒš‹

–Šƒ– †‡ƒ†• –Š‡ …‡”–ƒ‹–› ‘ˆ –”—–Š ‹ ƒ •’‡‡…Š ƒ…–Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ

“—ƒ–‹–›‹•ƒƒš‹–Šƒ–†‡ƒ†•–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡‡••‘ˆ•’‡‡…Š‹ƒ•’‡‡…Šƒ…–Ǥ

•’‡‡…Š ƒ…– –Šƒ– ƒ’’Ž‹‡• –Š‡ ˆ‘—” ƒš‹• …ƒ ‡•—”‡ –Šƒ– …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘

ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ •’‡ƒ‡” ƒ† –Š‡ •’‡‡…Š ’ƒ”–‡” ™‹ŽŽ ”— ™‡ŽŽ „‡…ƒ—•‡

„‘–Š Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ƒ† —†‡”•–ƒ† –Š‡ ’—”’‘•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ȋ—–”ƒ›ƒ•ƒǡʹͲͳͶǡ’ǤͳͲͳȌǤ

Š‡…Ž‘•‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡…Š

ƒ…–†‘‡•‘–‘Ž›‘……—”‹•’‡‡…Šƒ…–•–Šƒ–‘……—”†‹”‡…–Ž›ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘‹•’‡‡…Šƒ…–•

‹ ƒ Ž‹–‡”ƒ”› ™‘” ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ ƒ ‘˜‡ŽǤ  ƒ ‘˜‡Žǡ ‘ˆ …‘—”•‡ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹‹–ǤŠ‡‡š‹•–‡…‡‘ˆ—––‡”ƒ…‡•‹

ƒ‘˜‡Žƒ‡•–Š‡•–‘”›Ž‹‡‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž‘”‡‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ƒ†‘–‘‘–‘‘—•ǡ

‘Ž› ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ‹‡ –Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡• …‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž ̶”—’ƒ†‹̶ „› ‡‘

—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǤ

Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž ̶”—’ƒ†‹̶ „› ‡‘ —‹”ƒ Œ‹†ƒ”ƒ ‹• ƒ Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽǦ–Š‡‡†

‘˜‡Ž–Šƒ––‡ŽŽ•–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹˜‡’ƒ†ƒ˜ƒ•™‹–Š–Š‡Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‘ˆ”—’ƒ†‹ƒ•

–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǤŠ‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹˜‡ƒ†ƒ˜ƒ•‹•ƒ™‡ŽŽǦ‘™Š‹•–‘”›

ƒ‘‰–Š‡†‘‡•‹ƒ’‡‘’Ž‡ǡ„—––Š‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆŠ‹•–‘”›–‡ŽŽ•‘Ž›„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡

’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹˜‡ƒ†ƒ˜ƒ•–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǡƒ‡Ž›—†Š‹•–‹”ƒǡ”Œ—ƒǡŠ‹ƒǡ

ƒ—Žƒ ƒ† ƒ†‡™ƒǤ Š‡ ‡š‹•–‡…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž ”—’ƒ†‹ „› ‡‘ —‹”ƒ

Œ‹†ƒ”ƒ„”‹‰•–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”–‘ƒ‡™‹–‡”‡•–„›Ž‘‘‹‰ƒ–‹–ˆ”‘–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ

˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹ˆ–Š™‹ˆ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†ƒ˜ƒ•ǡƒ‡Ž›”—’ƒ†‹Ǥ

”—’ƒ†‹̵•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ƒ•–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž”—’ƒ†‹„›‡‘

—‹”ƒ Œ‹†ƒ”ƒ …‡”–ƒ‹Ž› Šƒ• ƒ —‹“—‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ ‹ˆŽ—‡…‹‰ ƒ •–‘”›Ž‹‡Ǥ Š‡

‹ˆŽ—‡…‡‘ˆ”—’ƒ†‹ƒ•–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‹•‘˜‡Ž…ƒ„‡•‡‡ˆ”‘Š‹•

—––‡”ƒ…‡•Ǥ‘‘†•’‡‡…Š™‹–Š–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”•‘ˆ”‹•Šƒǡ—†Š‹•Š–Š‹”ƒǡƒ†•‘

‘Ǥ ”—’ƒ†‹̵• —––‡”ƒ…‡• ‹ –Š‹• ‘˜‡Ž ƒ”‡ ‹…Ž—†‡† ‹ ˜‡”› ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰

—––‡”ƒ…‡•™Š‡‡šƒ‹‡†—•‹‰–Š‡”‹…‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ‡…ƒ—•‡Š‹•

—––‡”ƒ…‡•ƒ”‡‹…Ž—†‡†‹—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–•›„‘Ž‹œ‡–Š‡ˆ‹”‡••‘ˆƒ‰‘††‡••ǡ

•‘–Šƒ–”—’ƒ†‹̵•—––‡”ƒ…‡•…ƒ…‡”–ƒ‹Ž›—†‡”•–ƒ†‡˜‡”›‘‡ǤŠ‡”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡

‘ ‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ǡ ƒ„‹‰—‹–›ǡ ‘” ƒ„‹‰—‹–› „‡…ƒ—•‡ ‹– ƒ’’Ž‹‡• –Š‡

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ ‹‡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ Š‹• ™‘”†• –‘ —–‹ ƒŽ‹„”ƒ–ƒ ™Š‘ ‹• –Š‡

‘–Š‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‹˜‡ ’ƒ†ƒ˜ƒ•Ǥ —–‹ ƒ•‡† ”—’ƒ†‹̵• ‘’‹‹‘ ƒ„‘—– ™Š‘ Š‡

™‘—Ž†ƒ””›ǡ”—’ƒ†‹ƒ•™‡”‡†–Š‡“—‡•–‹‘™‹–Šƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡–Šƒ–Š‡™ƒ•

”‡•‹‰‡†–‘—–‹̵•†‡…‹•‹‘Ǥ

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

Š‡”‡ƒ”‡•‹‹Žƒ”‹–‹‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–Š”‡‡•–—†‹‡•ƒ„‘˜‡ƒ†–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š

…‘†—…–‡†„›”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ǤŠ‡‘•–’”‘‹‡–‡“—ƒ–‹‘‹•‘ˆ…‘—”•‡–Š‡•ƒ‡

‹ –Š‡ –Š‡‘”› —•‡† ‹ –Š‡ •–—†›Ǥ Š‡ –Š”‡‡ •–—†‹‡• ƒ„‘˜‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‡šƒ‹‡ –Š‡

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡ƒ•…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–ˆ‘…—•‘ˆ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š

‹•–Š‡˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡ǤŠ‡•‡…‘†”‡•‡ƒ”…Šˆ‘…—•‹•–Š‡

˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡‘Ž›‘–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–›ǤŠ‡–Š‹”†

ˆ‘…—•‘ˆ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•–Š‡‡„‘†‹‡–‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡ǤŠ‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰

‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‹• „‘–Š –›’‡• ‘ˆ “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ Š‡ –Š”‡‡ •–—†‹‡• ƒ„‘˜‡ ƒ”‡

‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ

Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡‹”‹…‡̵•’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‹–Š‹•

ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ ƒ‹• –‘ ƒƒŽ›œ‡ –Š‡ ˆŽ‘—–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž

̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒ†‹™‹Œƒ›ƒ‹…Ž—†‹‰–Š‡ˆ‘—”ƒš‹•…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹‹–

ƒ†ˆ‹†˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž‹…Ž—†‹‰–Š‡ˆ‘—”

ƒš‹•ǤŠ‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡‹”‹…‡̵•’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‹•—•‡†ƒ•ƒ–Š‡‘”›‹

–Š‹••–—†›„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡‘ˆ”—’ƒ†‹̵•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž̶”—’ƒ†‹̶

„›‡‘—‹”ƒ†‹™‹Œƒ›ƒ™Š‡•–—†‹‡†™‹–Š–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡‹„‘–Š

ˆŽ‘—–‹‰ƒ†˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ’”‘†—…‡˜ƒ”›‹‰”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ



LITERATURE REVIEW 

Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡•–Šƒ–—•–„‡‘„‡›‡†

‹ ƒ•’‡‡…Š ƒ…–Ǥ ǤǤ ”‹…‡ …‘‹‡† –Š‹• ’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡” ™Š‘ ™”‘–‡ƒ

ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ ‡–‹–Ž‡† ̶‘‰‹… ƒ† ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘̶Ǥ Š‹• ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ „”‘—‰Š– —’ –Š‡ ƒ‡

”‹…‡ ƒ• –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ Š‹• ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ ‹• ƒ„‘—– –Š‡

‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‹…‹’ƒŽ ‘” –Š‡ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ  –Š‹• ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ǡ ”‹…‡

‡š’Žƒ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ —•– „‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‡˜‡”› …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– ‘……—”•

„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†–Š‡•’‡‡…Š’ƒ”–‡”ǤŠ‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘Š‡”‡

‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ •’‡ƒ‡” ƒ† –Š‡ •’‡‡…Š ’ƒ”–‡”‰‘‡•

™‡ŽŽˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ȋƒŠƒ”†‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’Ǥͷ͵ȌǤ

Š‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡‹–•‡Žˆ‹•–Š‡‘……—””‡…‡‘ˆƒ

ƒ‰”‡‡‡– „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ •’‡ƒ‡” ƒ† –Š‡ •’‡‡…Š ’ƒ”–‡” ‹ ƒ…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

Š—•ǡ„‘–Š…ƒ—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†’‘™‡”ǤŠ‹•†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘…‘˜‡›•–Š‡

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ –‘ „‡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡• —•‡† ƒ• ƒ ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡ ‹ –Š‡

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ •’‡ƒ‡”• ƒ† •’‡‡…Š ’ƒ”–‡”•Ǥ Š‡ ’—”’‘•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ‹• –‘ ‡‡’ –Š‡ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– ‘……—”• „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡

•’‡ƒ‡” ƒ† –Š‡ •’‡‡…Š ’ƒ”–‡” ”—‹‰ ™‡ŽŽ ƒ† ‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡Ž›ǡ •‘ –Šƒ– „‘–Š

’ƒ”–‹‡•…ƒ—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ȋ”‹‡ˆǡʹͲͳͷǡ’Ǥ͵ʹȌǤ

Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

Š‡’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡’”‡˜‡–•‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ǡ

ƒ„‹‰—‹–›ǡƒ†ƒ„‹‰—‹–›‹ƒ•’‡‡…Šƒ…––Šƒ–‘……—”•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†

–Š‡•’‡‡…Š’ƒ”–‡”Ǥˆ‹ƒ•’‡‡…Šƒ…––Š‡•‡–Š‹‰•Šƒ’’‡ǡ–Š‡–Š‡•’‡‡…Šƒ…–‹•

ƒ •’‡‡…Š ƒ…– –Šƒ– ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡• –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ – Šƒ’’‡• „‡…ƒ—•‡ –Š‡

•’‡ƒ‡” ‘” •’‡‡…Š ’ƒ”–‡” †‘‡• ‘– ‘„‡› –Š‡ ƒš‹• ‹ –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡

’”‹…‹’Ž‡‹•’‡‡…ŠȋƒŠƒ”†‹ǡʹͲͲ͵ǡ’ǤʹͶȌǤ

• –Š‡ ƒ‡ ‹’Ž‹‡•ǡ ”‹…‡̵• …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ —’Š‘Ž†• ‰‘‘†

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ •’‡ƒ‡”• ƒ† •’‡‡…Š ’ƒ”–‡”• ‹ –Š‡ ’”‘…‡•• ‘ˆ

‡š…Šƒ‰‹‰ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡”‡ —•– „‡ ƒ ƒ–…Š „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘

•’‘‡„›–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†–Š‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘”‡…‡‹˜‡†„›–Š‡Š‡ƒ”‡”ǤŠ‡•‘‘–Š

‡š…Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘†‡’‡†•‘–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†

–Š‡ •’‡‡…Š ’ƒ”–‡”Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ‹• ƒ ƒ„•‘Ž—–‡

”‡“—‹”‡‡––Šƒ–—•–„‡‡–ȋ—–”ƒ›ƒ•ƒǡʹͲͳͶǡ’ǤͳͲͳȌǤ

Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ǡƒŽ•‘…ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ǡ†‡ƒ†•ƒ

…‘‡…–‹‘ƒ†…‘–‹—‹–›‹–Š‡…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†–Š‡

•’‡‡…Š’ƒ”–‡”ǤŠ‹•ƒš‹™ƒ–•–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ„‘–Š’ƒ”–‹‡•–‘„‡”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–

–‘ ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡”Ǥ Š‡ ‹””‡Ž‡˜ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ™‹–Š ƒ‘–Š‡” —––‡”ƒ…‡ƒ‡•

–Š‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡ –Šƒ– ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡• –Š‡ ”‹…‡̵• …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ‘ˆ

ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ‡‘ˆ–Š‡…ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‰–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘‹•™Š‡

ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ‹• •’‘‡ ’”‡ƒ–—”‡Ž› ȋ‡–‹ƒ™ƒ–‹ǡ ʹͲͳͺǡ ’Ǥ ͶͶȌǤ Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘‡

’”‹…‹’Ž‡ –Šƒ– —•– „‡ ‡– ‹ –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ‹• –Š‡

•—‹–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡‡…Š„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†–Š‡•’‡‡…Š’ƒ”–‡”™‹–Š–Š‡

’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡…‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘Ǥˆ–Š‹•’”‹…‹’Ž‡‹•ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡†‹ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡ǡ–Š‡–Š‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡‹•‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–‘„‡›•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†˜‹…‡

˜‡”•ƒ‹ˆ‹–‹•‘–ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡†ǤŠ‡—––‡”ƒ…‡‹•‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–˜‹‘Žƒ–‡•

–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ȋƒŠƒ”†‹ǡʹͲͲͷǡ’Ǥͷ͵ȌǤ

Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ ƒ‡” ‹• ƒ ƒš‹ –Šƒ– †‡ƒ†• ‰‘‘† ƒ† •‘‘–Š

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ •’‡ƒ‡” ƒ† –Š‡ •’‡‡…Š ’ƒ”–‡”Ǥ Š‹• ƒš‹

™ƒ–•–Šƒ–‹‡˜‡”›…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘–Š‡”‡—•–„‡…Žƒ”‹–›ƒ†‘–„Ž—”Ǥˆ–Š‡

•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ† –Š‡•’‡‡…Š’ƒ”–‡” ‘„‡› –Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ ƒ‡”ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™‹ŽŽ „‡‘

‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘Ǥ‡‘ˆ–Š‡…ƒ—•‡•‘ˆƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‰

–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”‹•‹ˆ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡‹—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰„‡–™‡‡–Š‡

•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†–Š‡•’‡‡…Š’ƒ”–‡”ȋ‡–‹ƒ™ƒ–‹ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’ǤͶͷȌǤ ‘—”’”‹…‹’Ž‡•—•–

„‡ ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ‹ –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ ƒ‡”Ǥ Š‡•‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ȋͳȌ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘

ƒ„‹‰—‹–› ‹ –Š‡ •’‡‡…Šǡ ȋʹȌ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘ ƒ„‹‰—‹–› ‹ –Š‡ •’‡‡…Šǡ ȋ͵Ȍ –Š‡

”‡‰—Žƒ”‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡ǡ ƒ† ȋͶȌ –Š‡ •—ƒ”› ‘ˆ ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡Ǥ ˆ –Š‡•‡

’”‹…‹’Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ‹ ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ‹• ‹…Ž—†‡† ‹ –Š‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–‘„‡›•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”ƒ†˜‹…‡˜‡”•ƒ‹ˆ‹–‹•‘–ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡†Ǥ

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡‹•‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–˜‹‘Žƒ–‡•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”

ȋƒŠƒ”†‹ǡʹͲͲͷǡ’Ǥͷ͵ȌǤ

Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒŽ‹–› ‹• ƒ ƒš‹ –Šƒ– †‡ƒ†• –Šƒ– ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡

—––‡”‡†„›–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†–Š‡•’‡‡…Š’ƒ”–‡”…ƒ„‡…‘ˆ‹”‡†ǤŠ‹•ƒš‹

™ƒ–•„‘–Š’ƒ”–‹‡•–‘•–ƒ–‡•‘‡–Š‹‰™‹–Šƒ…Ž‡ƒ”„ƒ•‹•‘”‡˜‹†‡…‡ǡ‘–Œ—•–

„ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ••—’–‹‘•Ǥ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ …‘˜‡›‡† ™‹–Š‘—– ƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• …ƒ—•‡• –Š‡

˜ƒŽ‹†‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–‘„‡“—‡•–‹‘‡†ǤŠ‹•‹˜ƒŽ‹†‹–›…ƒ„‡–Š‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆ

ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒŽ‹–› ȋ‡–‹ƒ™ƒ–‹ǡ ʹͲͳͺǡ ’Ǥ ͶͳȌǤ Š”‡‡

’”‹…‹’Ž‡•—•–„‡‡–‹–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›ǤŠ‡•‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡•ƒ”‡ȋͳȌ•ƒ›‹‰

•‘‡–Š‹‰ ™‹–Š •—’’‘”–‹‰ ‡˜‹†‡…‡ǡ ȋʹȌ •ƒ›‹‰ •‘‡–Š‹‰ –Šƒ– ‹• †‡ˆ‹‹–‡Ž›

–”—‡ǡ ƒ† ȋ͵Ȍ •ƒ›‹‰ •‘‡–Š‹‰ ™‹–Š •—ˆˆ‹…‹‡– •—’’‘”–‹‰ ‡˜‹†‡…‡ ȋƒŠƒ”†‹ǡ

ʹͲͲͷǡ’Ǥͷ͵Ȍˆ–Š‡•‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡•ƒ”‡‡–‹ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡ǡ–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡‹…Ž—†‡•

—––‡”ƒ…‡• –Šƒ– …‘’Ž› ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† ˜‹…‡ ˜‡”•ƒ ‹ˆ ‹– ‹• ‘–

ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡† –Š‡ –Š‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ‹…Ž—†‡• —––‡”ƒ…‡• –Šƒ– ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒš‹• ‘ˆ

“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ

Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒ–‹–› ‹• ƒ ƒš‹ –Šƒ– †‡ƒ†• ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡ –Šƒ– ‹•

•ƒ‹†–‘„‡ƒ•‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡ǤŠ‹•ƒš‹™ƒ–•–Š‡•’‘‡—––‡”ƒ…‡–‘

„‡ …‘˜‡›‡† ƒ• ‹– ‹•Ǥ Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘ ƒ††‹–‹‘ ‘” •—„–”ƒ…–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹…Š ƒ‡• –Š‡

•’‡‡…Š †‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž– –‘ —†‡”•–ƒ†Ǥ ’‡‡…Š –Šƒ– ‹• •’‘‡ ™‹–Š ƒ› ƒ††‹–‹‘•

”‡•—Ž–•‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡„‡‹‰‹‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡƒ”‡†—…–‹‘‹–Š‡•’‘‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‹ ƒ Žƒ… ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ „‡‹‰ …‘˜‡›‡† ƒ† …ƒ—•‡•

‹•‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ȋ‡–‹ƒ™ƒ–‹ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’ǤͶͳȌǤŠ‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘’”‹…‹’Ž‡•–Šƒ–—•–

„‡ ‡– ‹ –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ Š‡•‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ȋͳȌ –Š‡ •’‡‡…Š ‹•

†‡Ž‹˜‡”‡†‹ƒ…‘…‹•‡ǡ…‘…‹•‡ǡƒ†…Ž‡ƒ”ƒ‡”ƒ†ȋʹȌ…‘˜‡›•–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡†

‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘ ‘”‡ ƒ† ‘ Ž‡••Ǥ ˆ –Š‡•‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ‹ ƒ

—––‡”ƒ…‡ǡ–Š‡–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡‹•‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–‘„‡›•–Š‡ƒš‹

‘ˆ “—ƒ–‹–› ƒ† ˜‹…‡ ˜‡”•ƒ ‹ˆ ‹– ‹• ‘– ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡†Ǥ Š‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ‹…Ž—†‡• –Š‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–˜‹‘Žƒ–‡•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–›ȋƒŠƒ”†‹ǡʹͲͲͷǡ’Ǥͷ͵ȌǤ



 METHOD 



Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹• ƒ “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ – ‹• ƒ–—”ƒŽ ‹ ƒ–—”‡ǡ

’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‹‰•‘…‹ƒŽ’Š‡‘‡ƒ—•‹‰˜ƒ”‹‘—•‡–Š‘†•ȋ‰‰‹–‘Ƭ‡–‹ƒ™ƒǡ

ʹͲͳͺǢ—‰‹ǡʹͲͲͷǢƒ…‘ǡʹͲͳͺȌǤŠ‡‘˜‡Ž–Šƒ–‹•—•‡†ƒ•–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–‘ˆ–Š‹•

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•ƒ‘˜‡Ž̶”—’ƒ†‘̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǤ



Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

FINDINGS

ˆ–‡”ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘

—‹”ƒ Œ‹†ƒ”ƒǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• ˆ‘—† —––‡”ƒ…‡• –Šƒ– ƒ’’Ž‹‡† –Š‡

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ƒ† –Šƒ– ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡† –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ Š‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡• –Šƒ– ƒ’’Ž› –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ƒ”‡ ˆ‘—† ƒ• ƒ› ƒ• –™‡Ž˜‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡•Ǥ ‹š —––‡”ƒ…‡• …‘’Ž› ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡

ƒ†Š‡”‡•–‘–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”ǡˆ‘—”—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡƒ†

‘‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ Š”‡‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡• ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡† –Š‡

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ ™‘ —––‡”ƒ…‡• ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ƒ† ͳ

—––‡”ƒ…‡˜‹‘Žƒ–‡•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–›ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•‘—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–˜‹‘Žƒ–‡•–Š‡

ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”ǤŠ‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ˆ‘—†„›–Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ǣ

ƒ„Ž‡ͳǤƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ…‡

ƒš‹ Ž‘—–‹‰ ‹‘Žƒ–‹‘

ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ…‡ ͸ Ǧ

ƒ„Ž‡ͳ•Š‘™•–Šƒ–‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡ–Š‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”—’ƒ†‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”™Š‘‘„‡›–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡͸

—––‡”ƒ…‡•Ǥ‘—––‡”ƒ…‡•ƒ”‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ–˜‹‘Žƒ–‡–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡

ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘‹•ƒƒš‹–Šƒ–†‡ƒ†•ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡–‘„‡…‘–‹—‘—•™‹–Š

‘–Š‡”—––‡”ƒ…‡•ȋ‡–‹ƒ™ƒ–‹ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’ǤͶͶȌǤŠ‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•Šƒ˜‡

–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ǣ

 Ž‘—–‹‰

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”‡–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”—’ƒ†‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž

̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒ™Š‹…Š‘„‡›•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ǣ

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ“Kenapa hanya dalam mimpi kita bisa bersua, Kresna?”

”‡•ƒ ǣ “Kisahmu tidaklah menyatukan kita Dewi, tetapi itu bukanlah berarti kita tidak bisa berjumpa. Aku akan datang setiap kali dirimu membakar dupa. Bakarlah dupa yang wangi, maka aku akan datang dalam mimpi .”

ȋŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡʹͲͳ͹ǡ’ǤͻȌ

”—’ƒ†‹…‘˜‡›‡†Š‹•‰”‹‡˜ƒ…‡•–‘”‹•ŠƒǤ”—’ƒ†‹”‡‰”‡––‡†–Šƒ–Š‡

ƒ† ”‹•Šƒ …‘—Ž† ‘Ž› ‡‡– ‹ ƒ †”‡ƒǤ ”‹•Šƒ ƒ•™‡”‡† ”—’ƒ†‹̵•

…‘’Žƒ‹–•„›‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰–Šƒ–”‹•Šƒ™‘—Ž†ƒŽ™ƒ›•‡‡–”—’ƒ†‹‡˜‡”›–‹‡

”—’ƒ†‹„—”‡†ˆ”ƒ‰”ƒ–‹…‡•‡ǤŠ‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”•

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

ƒ”‡‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–‘„‡›–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡›ƒ”‡

—–—ƒŽŽ› •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ”—’ƒ†‹̵• …‘’Žƒ‹– ™ƒ• ƒ•™‡”‡† ™‹–Š ƒ •‘Ž—–‹‘ „›

”‹•ŠƒǤ ”‘ –Š‹•ǡ ‹– …ƒ „‡ •‡‡ –Šƒ– ”‹•Šƒ —†‡”•–ƒ†• ‡šƒ…–Ž› ™Šƒ–

”—’ƒ†‹™ƒ–•ǡ•‘Š‡…ƒ’”‘˜‹†‡”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–ƒ•™‡”•ǤŠ‡ˆŽ‘—–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ƒš‹

‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘‹–Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡

’”‹…‹’Ž‡ǡ„‡…ƒ—•‡„‘–Š’ƒ”–‹‡•—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘™‡ŽŽǤ

”‡•ƒ ǣ “Aku sudah jadi milikmu dalam mimpi kita bersama Dewi”

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ “Hanya dalam mimpi dan hanya dalam mimpi, Kresna?”ȋŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡʹͲͳ͹ǡ’ǤͳͳȌ

”‹•Šƒ–‘Ž†”—’ƒ†‹–Šƒ–Š‡™ƒ•ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›Š‹•‹–Š‡‹”†”‡ƒ•Ǥ”—’ƒ†‹

™ƒ•‘–•ƒ–‹•ˆ‹‡†–‘Š‡ƒ””‹•Šƒ̵•ƒ•™‡”ǡŠ‡”‡’Ž‹‡†„›ƒ•‹‰“—‡•–‹‘•–‘

ƒ‡ •—”‡ ‹ˆ –Š‡› ™‡”‡ –‘‰‡–Š‡” ‘Ž› ‹ ƒ †”‡ƒǤ ”—’ƒ†‹̵• ƒ•™‡” ™Š‹…Š

•Š‘™•†‹••ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘‹•ƒ”‡ƒ…–‹‘”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘”‹•Šƒ̵•’”‡˜‹‘—••–ƒ–‡‡–ǤŠ‡

”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ ”‡•ƒ̵• •–ƒ–‡‡– ƒ† ”—’ƒ†‹̵• ”‡•’‘•‡ •Š‘™• –Šƒ–

–Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡‹•‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–‘„‡›•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡

ˆŽ‘—–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ› •Š‘™• –Š‡ ˆŽ‘—–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ ‘–Š …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”• Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ’—”’‘•‡ ƒ† ‰‘ƒŽ ‹

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ•‘–Šƒ–„‘–Š‘ˆ–Š‡‹…Ž—†‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–ƒ’’Ž›–Š‡

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ

—–‹ ǣ“Bagaimana pendapatmu, Dewi?”

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ “Ibu Dewi yang Agung, hamba pasrah atas apa yang akan ditimpakan.”ȋŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡʹͲͳ͹ǡ’ǤʹͻȌ

—–‹ǡ ™Š‘ ‹• –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‘ˆ ƒ†ƒ˜ƒ• ‹ƒǡ ƒ•‡† ”—’ƒ†‹̵• ‘’‹‹‘

ƒ„‘—– ™Š‹…Š ‘ˆ Š‡” ˆ‹˜‡ …Š‹Ž†”‡ ™‘—Ž† ”—’ƒ†‹ ƒ””›Ǥ ”—’ƒ†‹ ƒ•™‡”‡†

—–‹̵•“—‡•–‹‘–Šƒ–•Š‡™ƒ•”‡•‹‰‡†–‘—–‹̵•…Š‘‹…‡ƒ•–Š‡‘–Š‡”‘ˆ–Š‡

‹˜‡ ƒ†ƒ˜ƒ•Ǥ ”—’ƒ†‹ ˆ—ŽŽ› ƒ……‡’–‡† ™Šƒ–‡˜‡” †‡…‹•‹‘ —–‹ ™ƒ–‡†Ǥ

”—’ƒ†‹̵•”‡•‹‰‡†ƒ•™‡”–‘—–‹̵•“—‡•–‹‘•Š‘™•–Šƒ–”—’ƒ†‹—†‡”•–ƒ†•

‡šƒ…–Ž›™Šƒ–—–‹‹•ƒ•‹‰Ǥ–•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–‘……—”„‡–™‡‡

–Š‡–™‘ƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽ‹–Š‡•ƒ‡–Š‡‡ǤŠ‡•‹‹Žƒ”‹–›‘ˆ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰„‡–™‡‡

—–‹ƒ†”—’ƒ†‹‹–Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡‹†‹…ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡„‡Ž‘‰•–‘–Š‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–‘„‡›•–Š‡ ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–ƒŽ•‘

ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ“Dursasana! Bedebah! Lepaskan aku! Jika tidak ingin Bima mencincangmu.”

—”•ƒ•ƒƒ ǣ “Huahahahaha! Seribu Bima pun tidak akan berdaya menolongmu sekarang! Huahahahaha!

Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

Drupadi yang malang! Huahahahaha!”

ȋŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡʹͲͳ͹ǡ’ǤͷͻȌ

Š‡ ˆ‹”•– —––‡”ƒ…‡ ‹• ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ ”—’ƒ†‹̵• ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‘ –‘™ƒ”†•

—”•ƒ•ƒƒ ™Š‘ ƒ…–• ‹’—†‡–Ž› –‘ Š‹Ǥ ”—’ƒ†‹ –Š”‡ƒ–‡‡† —”•ƒ•ƒƒ „›

•ƒ›‹‰ –Šƒ– ‹ƒ ™‘—Ž† …Š‘’ Š‡” —’Ǥ —”•ƒ•ƒƒ ƒ•™‡”‡† –Š‡ –Š”‡ƒ– ™Š‹Ž‡

Žƒ—‰Š‹‰ƒ–”—’ƒ†‹„›•ƒ›‹‰–Šƒ–ƒ–Š‘—•ƒ†‹ƒ™‘—Ž†‘–Š‡Ž’”—’ƒ†‹ǡ

„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡ ‹˜‡ƒ†ƒ˜ƒ•Šƒ†ƒ†‡”—’ƒ†‹ƒ„‡–ƒ†–Š‡›Ž‘•––Š‡„‡–ǤŠ‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ”—’ƒ†‹ƒ†—”•ƒ•ƒƒƒ”‡‹–‡””‡Žƒ–‡†—––‡”ƒ…‡•Ǥ—”•ƒ•ƒƒ̵•

”‡•’‘•‡ ‹• ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ ”—’ƒ†‹̵• •–ƒ–‡‡–Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ „‘–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–‘„‡›–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–ƒ’’Ž›

‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒš‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‹…Ž—†‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡• –Šƒ–

ƒ’’Ž›–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ

—„ƒ†”ƒ ǣ “Apakah kiranya engkau yakin akan bisa mengeramas rambutmu ini dengan darah Dursasana?”

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ “Ya, tentu saja, kenapa tidak?” ȋŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡ

ʹͲͳ͹ǡ’ǤͻͺȌ

—„”ƒ†ƒƒ•‡†”—’ƒ†‹ƒ„‘—–”—’ƒ†‹̵•„‡Ž‹‡ˆ–Šƒ–Š‡™‘—Ž†™ƒ•ŠŠ‹•

Šƒ‹” ™‹–Š —”•ƒ•ƒƒ̵• „Ž‘‘†Ǥ ”—’ƒ†‹ ƒ•™‡”‡† ™‹–Š …‡”–ƒ‹–› —„Šƒ†”ƒ̵•

“—‡•–‹‘ –Šƒ– Š‡ ™‘—Ž† ™ƒ•Š Š‹• Šƒ‹” ™‹–Š —”•ƒ•ƒƒ̵• „Ž‘‘†Ǥ Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘•

ƒ†ƒ•™‡”•‹–Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡ƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽ—†‡”‘‡–Š‡‡‘ˆ†‹•…—••‹‘ǡƒ‡Ž›

–Š‡„‡Ž‹‡ˆ–Šƒ–”—’ƒ†‹™ƒ•Š‡•Š‡”Šƒ‹”™‹–Š—”•ƒ•ƒƒ̵•„Ž‘‘†ǤŠ‹••Š‘™•–Šƒ–

”—’ƒ†‹̵• ƒ•™‡” ‹…Ž—†‡• —––‡”ƒ…‡• –Šƒ– ƒ’’Ž› –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ

”—’ƒ†‹̵• ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ƒŽ•‘ •Š‘™• –Šƒ– ”—’ƒ†‹ —†‡”•–ƒ†• –Š‡

’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‹”‡…–‹‘‘ˆ…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•‘–Šƒ––Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡ƒŽ•‘‹…Ž—†‡•

—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–‘„‡›–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ

—†Š‹•–‹”ƒ ǣ “Itulah puncak segala puncak, Yayi. Tempat meleburnya puncak jiwa dan puncak raga, hanya manusia sempurna bisa mnecapainya.”

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ “Aku tahu diriku tak sempurna. Tak mungkin aku mencapainya.”ȋŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡʹͲͳ͹ǡ’Ǥͳʹ͹Ȍ

—†Š‹•Š–Š‹”ƒ •Š‘™‡† ”—’ƒ†‹ –Š‡ ’‡ƒ ‘ˆ ƒŠƒ‡”—ǡ ™Š‹…Š ™ƒ• –Š‡

ˆ‹ƒŽ†‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”Œ‘—”‡›Ǥ—†Š‹•Š–Š‹”ƒ•ƒ‹†–Šƒ–‘Ž›ƒ’‡”ˆ‡…–Š—ƒ

…‘—Ž†ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡‹–Ǥ”—’ƒ†‹”‡•’‘†‡†–‘—†Š‹•–Š‹”ƒ̵••–ƒ–‡‡–„›•ƒ›‹‰–Šƒ–

Š‡ ™ƒ• ‘– ƒ ’‡”ˆ‡…– Š—ƒ „‡‹‰ǡ •‘ Š‡ …‘—Ž†̵– ”‡ƒ…Š –Šƒ– ’‡ƒǤ ”—’ƒ†‹̵•

”‡•’‘•‡ –‘ —†Š‹•Š–Š‹”ƒ̵• •–ƒ–‡‡– ‹• ‹–‡””‡Žƒ–‡†Ǥ Š‹• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ •Š‘™•

–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡—––‡”ƒ…‡‹•‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–‘„‡›•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ

”‡Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ƒŽ•‘ •Š‘™• –Šƒ– –Š‡ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”•—†Š‹•–‹”ƒƒ†”—’ƒ†‹‰‘‡•™‡ŽŽƒ†•‘‘–ŠŽ›ǤŠ‹••’‡‡…Š‹•ƒŽ•‘

ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ

ƒ„Ž‡ʹǤƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”•

›’‡‘ˆƒš‹ Ž‘—–‹‰ ‹‘Žƒ–‹‘

ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”• ͳ Ǧ

ƒ„Ž‡ʹ•Š‘™•–Šƒ–‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡ–Š‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”—’ƒ†‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”™Š‘‘„‡›–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”ƒ”‡ͳ

—––‡”ƒ…‡ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–˜‹‘Žƒ–‡–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”ǤŠ‡

ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”‹•ƒƒš‹–Šƒ–”‡“—‹”‡•ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡–‘„‡…Ž‡ƒ”ƒ†‘–

˜ƒ‰—‡ȋ‡–‹ƒ™ƒ–‹ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’ǤͶͷȌǤŠ‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•Šƒ˜‡–Š‡

ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ǣ

Ž‘—–‹‰

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”‡–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”—’ƒ†‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž

̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒ™Š‹…Š‘„‡›•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”ǣ

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ “Tunggu dulu, Karna yang perkasa! Tunggu!”

Karna takjadi melepaskan anak panah bermata berlian itu

ȋŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡʹͲͳ͹ǡ’ǤͳͷȌ

”—’ƒ†‹ ”‡•–”ƒ‹• ƒ”ƒ ˆ”‘ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‹‰ –Š‡ †‹ƒ‘†Ǧ‡†‰‡† ƒ””‘™ „›

•ƒ›‹‰ ™ƒ‹– –™‹…‡Ǥ Š‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡• •’‘‡ „› ”—’ƒ†‹ ƒ”‡ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡—•‡†–‘’”‡˜‡–•‘‡‘‡ˆ”‘†‘‹‰…‡”–ƒ‹ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥ–‹•

ƒŽ•‘ƒ—ƒ„‹‰—‘—•…‘ƒ†Ǥ–•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‡…‘ƒ†‹••—‡†„›”—’ƒ†‹

‹•ƒ‘”†‡”–Šƒ–‘„‡›•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”ǤŠ‡‘”†‡”™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›

”‡•’‘†‡†–‘™‡ŽŽ™‹–Šƒ”ƒ™Š‘†‹†‘–Ž‡–‰‘‘ˆŠ‹•ƒ””‘™Ǥƒ”ƒ̵•”‡•’‘•‡

•Š‘™• –Šƒ– Š‡ —†‡”•–ƒ†• ”ƒ—’’ƒ̵• …‘ƒ† ™‡ŽŽǤ – ƒŽ•‘ •Š‘™• –Šƒ– –Š‡

…‘ƒ†‹•‹…Ž—†‡†‹•’‡‡…Š–Šƒ–ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ

ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›

›’‡‘ˆƒš‹ Ž‘—–‹‰ ‹‘Žƒ–‹‘

ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–› Ͷ ʹ

ƒ„Ž‡͵•Š‘™•–Šƒ–‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡ–Š‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”—’ƒ†‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”™Š‘‘„‡›–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ”‡Ͷ

—––‡”ƒ…‡•ǡƒ†–Š‘•‡™Š‘˜‹‘Žƒ–‡–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ”‡ʹ—––‡”ƒ…‡•ǤŠ‡

ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ƒƒš‹–Šƒ–†‡ƒ†•–Šƒ–ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡—•–„‡–”—‡

ȋ‡–‹ƒ™ƒ–‹ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’ǤͶͳȌǤŠ‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•Šƒ˜‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰

‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ǣ

Ž‘—–‹‰

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”‡–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”—’ƒ†‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž

̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒ™Š‹…Šƒ†Š‡”‡•–‘–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›ǣ

Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ “Kresna, mengapa dikau tidak melamarku?

Ayahku pasti akan menerima dirimu.”

”‡•ƒ ǣ “Itu tidak akan terjadi Dewi, dikau akan bersuamikan orang lain.” ȋŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡ ʹͲͳ͹ǡ ’Ǥ

ͳͳȌ

”—’ƒ†‹̵• “—‡•–‹‘ –‘ ”‹•Šƒ ƒ„‘—– ™Š› ”‹•Šƒ †‹† ‘– ’”‘’‘•‡ –‘

Š‹ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‡––Šƒ–Š‡—•–ƒ……‡’–”‹•Šƒ‹•ƒ•–ƒ–‡‡––Šƒ–

‹•…‡”–ƒ‹–‘„‡–”—‡Ǥ”—’ƒ†‹Šƒ†ˆƒŽŽ‡‹Ž‘˜‡™‹–Š”‹•Šƒǡ•‘Š‡ƒ†‡–Š‹•

—––‡”ƒ…‡Ǥ – •Š‘™• –Šƒ– ”—’ƒ†‹̵• “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ† •–ƒ–‡‡–• ƒ”‡ ‹…Ž—†‡† ‹

—––‡”ƒ…‡•ƒ……‘’ƒ‹‡†„›•—ˆˆ‹…‹‡–•—’’‘”–‹‰‡˜‹†‡…‡•‘–Šƒ–Š‹•“—‡•–‹‘•

ƒ†•–ƒ–‡‡–•ƒ”‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–…‘’Ž›™‹–Š–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ”‡•ƒ̵•

”‡•’‘•‡™Š‹…Š•ƒ‹†–Šƒ–Š‡…‘—Ž†‘–’‘••‹„Ž›„‡”—’ƒ†‹̵•Š—•„ƒ†•Š‘™‡†

–Šƒ–”‡•ƒ—†‡”•–‘‘†–Š‡†‹”‡…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘ǡ•‘

–Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡‹•ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ “Aku inginkan dirimu Kresna.”

”‡•ƒ ǣ “Aku sudah jadi milikmu dalam mimpi kita bersama Dewi.”

”—’ƒ†‹ –‘Ž† ”‹•Šƒ –Šƒ– Š‡ ™ƒ–‡† ‹–Ǥ ”‹•Šƒ ”‡•’‘†‡† –‘ –Š‹•

•–ƒ–‡‡– „› •ƒ›‹‰ –Šƒ– Š‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› „‡Ž‘‰‡† –‘ ”—’ƒ†‹ ‹ –Š‡‹” †”‡ƒǤ

”—’ƒ†‹̵• •–ƒ–‡‡– ‹• ƒ Š‘‡•– ƒ† –”—‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–Ǥ ”—’ƒ†‹ ”‡ƒŽŽ› ™ƒ–‡†

”‹•Šƒ–‘ƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡™‹–ŠŠ‹ǤŠ‡Š‘‡•–›‘ˆ”—’ƒ†‹̵••–ƒ–‡‡–•Š‘™•–Šƒ–

–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‡–‹•‹…Ž—†‡†‹ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–ƒ†Š‡”‡•–‘–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›

ƒ†ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ

”Œ—ƒ ǣ “Itulah persembahanku kepadamu, Putri.

Bolehkah kiranya aku mengikuti sayembara?”

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ “Tiada larangan bagimu o brahmana muda.”

ȋŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡʹͲͳ͹ǡ’ǤͳͺȌ

”—’ƒ†‹‹˜‹–‡†ƒ›‘—‰„”ƒŠ‹–‘–ƒ‡’ƒ”–‹ƒ…‘–‡•–‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡†„›

Š‹• ˆƒ–Š‡”Ǥ ”—’ƒ†‹̵• •–ƒ–‡‡– ‹• •—’’‘”–‡† „› ‡˜‹†‡…‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ „”ƒŠƒ

ƒ…–—ƒŽŽ› ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‡ …‘’‡–‹–‹‘ ƒ† ™‘ ‹–Ǥ  —––‡”ƒ…‡ –Šƒ– ‹•

•—’’‘”–‡† „› ƒ ’”‘‘ˆ ‹• ‹…Ž—†‡† ‹ –Š‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡ –Šƒ– ‘„‡›• –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ

“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ ”—’ƒ†‹̵• —––‡”ƒ…‡Ǥ Š‹• —––‡”ƒ…‡ ‹• ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ƒ•™‡” –‘

”ƒŠƒ̵•“—‡•–‹‘ƒ•‹‰‹ˆŠ‡…ƒ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡‹–Š‡…‘–‡•–Ǥ”—’ƒ†‹ƒ†–Š‡

›‘—‰„”ƒŠƒ̵•ƒ•™‡”‹•ƒ—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡

„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡›„‘–Š—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡…‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”‡–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”—’ƒ†‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž

̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒ™Š‹…Š˜‹‘Žƒ–‡•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›ǣ

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

”—’ƒ†‹ : “Oh, maafkalah aku, Karna aku tiada bermaksud menghinamu, tapi aku takmungkin menikah denganmu. Ini memang tidak adil untukmu, tapi biarlah nanti kutebus dosaku.

Bukankaha ku boleh mennetukan nasibku sendiri, dengan caraku sendiri?”

ƒ”ƒ : “Apa yang terjadi, Sang Putri? Tidakkah dikau percaya aku seorang ksatria?”

”—’ƒ†‹ : “Tidak ada yang meragukan kesaktianmu Karna, tapi siapakah kamu Karna? Dirimu bukan putra istana, dikau anak pungut kusir dan asal-usulmu tiada jelas pula

ƒ”ƒ : “Oh, terlalu sekali budimu, Dewi. Tiada kusangka masih bise membeda-bedakan ...”

ȋŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡʹͲͳ͹ǡ’Ǥͳ͸Ȍ

”—’ƒ†‹̵• –™‘ —––‡”ƒ…‡• ƒ”‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡• –Šƒ– ”—’ƒ†‹ †‘‡•̵– ”‡ƒŽŽ›

™ƒ––‘•ƒ›Ǥ”—’ƒ†‹†‹†̵–”‡ƒŽŽ›™ƒ––‘„‡Ž‹––Ž‡ƒ”ƒǤ”—’ƒ†‹•ƒ‹†–Š‹•‘Ž›

–‘ƒ˜‘‹†—”•ƒ•ƒƒǤ”—’ƒ†‹̵•‹•‹…‡”‹–›‹—––‡”‹‰–Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡•Š‘™•–Šƒ–

–Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡‹•‘–…‡”–ƒ‹–‘„‡–”—‡ǤŠ‡Ž‘™Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ–”—–Š‹–Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡

•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡‹•‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–˜‹‘Žƒ–‡•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ

“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†˜‹‘Žƒ–‡•–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ

ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–›

›’‡‘ˆƒš‹ Ž‘—–‹‰ ‹‘Žƒ–‹‘

ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–› ͳ ͳ

ƒ„Ž‡Ͷ•Š‘™•–Šƒ–‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒǡ–Š‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”—’ƒ†‹ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡” ™Š‘ ‘„‡› –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒ–‹–› ƒ”‡ ͳ

—––‡”ƒ…‡ ƒ† –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒ–‹–› ƒ”‡ ͳ —––‡”ƒ…‡Ǥ Š‡

ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒ–‹–› ‹• ƒ ƒš‹ –Šƒ– †‡ƒ†• ƒ —––‡”ƒ…‡ –‘ „‡ ‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡

ȋ‡–‹ƒ™ƒ–‹ǡ ʹͲͳͺǡ ’Ǥ Ͷ͵ȌǤ Š‡ †‡–ƒ‹Ž• ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡• Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰

‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ǣ

Ž‘—–‹‰

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”‡–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”—’ƒ†‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž

̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒ™Š‹…Š‘„‡›•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–›ǣ

—†Š‹•–‹”ƒ ǣ “Janganlah meninggalkannya dengan penyesalan, Drupadi, segalanya memang harus ditinggalkan.”

”—’ƒ†‹ ǣ“Aku tahu, Yudhistira, aku hanya menatapnya.”



Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

”—’ƒ†‹”‡•’‘†‡†–‘—†Š‹•Š–Š‹”ƒ̵••–ƒ–‡‡–ƒ•‹‰Š‹‘––‘

”‡‰”‡–Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰–Š‡†‘‰–Š‡›‡…‘—–‡”‡†‘–Š‡•–”‡‡–„›•ƒ›‹‰–Šƒ–Š‡

—†‡”•–‘‘†–Šƒ–Ǥ”—’ƒ†‹‡™–Šƒ–•Š‡Šƒ†–‘Ž‡ƒ˜‡•‘‡–Š‹‰™‹–Š‘—–ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰

•‘””›Ǥ”—’ƒ†‹̵•™‘”†••ƒ›‹‰–Šƒ–Š‡‡™ƒ„‘—–‹–™ƒ•ƒ‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡—––‡”ƒ…‡

–‘•ƒ›Ǥ”—’ƒ†‹•ƒ‹†–Š‹•„”‹‡ˆŽ›ǡ…‘…‹•‡Ž›ǡƒ†…Ž‡ƒ”Ž›ǤŠ‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡‡••‘ˆ

”—’ƒ†‹̵•—––‡”ƒ…‡••Š‘™•–Šƒ–Š‹•—––‡”ƒ…‡•‹…Ž—†‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–‘„‡›–Š‡

ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–›ƒ†ƒŽ•‘ƒ’’Ž›–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ

‹‘Žƒ–‹‘

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”‡–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”—’ƒ†‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‡‘˜‡Ž

̶”—’ƒ†‹̶„›‡‘—‹”ƒŒ‹†ƒ”ƒ™Š‹…Š˜‹‘Žƒ–‡•–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–›ǣ

”—’ƒ†‹ : “Kresna, Kresna, siapakah dikau Kresna?”

”‡•ƒ ǣ “Itulah pertanyaan setiap manusia, Dewi, siapakah diriku.”

”—’ƒ†‹ƒ•‡†”‹•Šƒ™Š‘”‹•Šƒ™ƒ•„›‡–‹‘‹‰”‹•Šƒ̵•ƒ‡

–Š”‡‡ –‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ ‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ‡• –Š”‡‡ –‹‡• ‹ ”—’ƒ†‹̵• “—‡•–‹‘ ‹•

…‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘˜‹‘Žƒ–‡–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–›ǤŠ‡‡–‹‘‘ˆ”‹•Šƒ̵•ƒ‡‹•

‡‘—‰Š–‘„‡‡–‹‘‡†‘…‡ǡ„‡…ƒ—•‡”‹•Šƒ…‡”–ƒ‹Ž›…ƒ—†‡”•–ƒ†ǤŠ‡

”‡’‡–‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‡–Š”‡‡–‹‡••Š‘™•–Šƒ–”—’ƒ†‹̵•“—‡•–‹‘–‘”‹•Šƒ‹•

ƒ “—‡•–‹‘ –Šƒ– ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡• –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒ–‹–› ™Š‹…Š ƒŽ•‘ ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡• –Š‡

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡Ǥ ”—’ƒ†‹ •Š‘—Ž† ƒ• –Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘ǡ ̶Š‘ ƒ”‡ ›‘—ǡ

”‹•Šƒǫ̶

 CONCLUSION 



”‘ƒŽŽ–Š‡ƒƒŽ›œ‡•…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”‘–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ

–Š‡ ”—’ƒ†‹ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡” ‹ –Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž ̶”—’ƒ†‹̶ „› ‡‘ —‹”ƒ Œ‹†ƒ”ƒǤ Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”…ƒ…‘…Ž—†‡–Šƒ––™‡Ž˜‡™‘”†•ƒ”‡‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡–Šƒ–

‘„‡›• –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ‹ –Š‹• ‘˜‡ŽǤ‹š—––‡”ƒ…‡•…‘’Ž› ™‹–Š –Š‡

ƒš‹ ‘ˆ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘‡ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ƒ†Š‡”‡• –‘ –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ ƒ‡”ǡ ˆ‘—”

—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡƒ†‘‡—––‡”ƒ…‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ

Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘—†—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–˜‹‘Žƒ–‡†–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡ƒ•

ƒ›ƒ•–Š”‡‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•Ǥ™‘—––‡”ƒ…‡•˜‹‘Žƒ–‡–Š‡ƒš‹‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡƒ†‘‡

—––‡”ƒ…‡ ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡• –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ “—ƒ–‹–›ǡ ‘ —––‡”ƒ…‡ ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡• –Š‡ ƒš‹ ‘ˆ

”‡Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒš‹‘ˆƒ‡”Ǥ

Š‡ˆ‡™˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘—†‹–Š‡—––‡”ƒ…‡•‘ˆ”—’ƒ†‹̵•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‡

‘˜‡Ž ̶”—’ƒ†‹̶ „› ‡‘ —‹”ƒ Œ‹†ƒ”ƒ ‹†‹…ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‘”‡

ˆŽ‘—–‹‰• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ‹ ƒ ‘˜‡ŽǤ ‘”‡ ˆŽ‘—–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡‹••‹…‡–Š‡‘˜‡Ž‹–•‡Žˆ‹•ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ”›™‘”–Šƒ–‹•‡Œ‘›‡†

„›”‡ƒ†‹‰ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒ›˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡’”‹…‹’Ž‡ǡ

–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”™‹ŽŽ„‡…‘ˆ—•‡†„›—––‡”ƒ…‡•–Šƒ–…ƒ‘–„‡—†‡”•–‘‘†Ǥ

REFERENCES

‰‰‹–‘ǡǤƬ‡–‹ƒ™ƒǡ ǤȋʹͲͳͺȌǤMetodologi Penelitian KualitatifǤ—ƒ„—‹ǣ

‡ŒƒǤ

”‹‡ˆǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳͷȌǤTindak Tutur Guru dalam Wacana KelasǤƒŽƒ‰ǣ‘”Ž†™‹†‡

‡ƒ†‡”•

—‰‹ǡǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤMetodologi Penelitian KualitatifǤ ƒƒ”–ƒǣ‡…ƒƒ

‡‡…ŠǡǤȋʹͲͳͷȌǤPrinsip-Prinsip PragmatikǤ ƒƒ”–ƒǣ”‡••Ǥ

—–”ƒ›ƒ•ƒǡǤǤȋʹͲͳͶȌǤPragmatikǤ‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǣ”ƒŠƒŽ—Ǥ

ƒ…‘ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͳͺȌǤMetode Penelitian Kualitatif: Type of, Karakteristik, dan Keunggulannya. ƒƒ”–ƒǣ”ƒ•‹†‘Ǥ

ƒŠƒ”†‹ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤBekenalan dengan Ilmu Bahasa PragmatikǤƒŽƒ‰ǣ‹‘ƒǤ

ƒŠƒ”†‹ǡǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤPragmatik: Fenomena Imperatif Kesantunan Bahasa Indonesia. ƒƒ”–ƒǣ”Žƒ‰‰ƒǤ

ƒŠƒ”†‹ǡǤǡ‡–›ƒ‹‰•‹ŠǡǤǡƬ‡™‹ǡǤǤȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤPragmatik: Fenomena Ketidaksantunan Berbahasa. ƒƒ”–ƒǣ”Žƒ‰‰ƒǤ

…Š‹ˆˆ”‹ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ…ƒ‰ƒƒŒ‹ƒƒ…ƒƒǤ‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǣ—•–ƒƒ‡ŽƒŒƒ”Ǥ

‡–‹ƒ™ƒ–‹ǡǤȋʹͲͳͺȌǤPiranti Pemahaman Komunikasi dalam Wacana Interaksional (Kajian Pragmatik).ƒŽƒ‰ǣ”‡••Ǥ