AN ANALYSIS ON IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN
THE RAINBOW TROOPS
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Mg. M. Frennandy Ngestiningtyas 112008061
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
AN ANALYSIS ON IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN
THE RAINBOW TROOPS
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Mg. M. Frennandy Ngestiningtyas 112008061
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
AN ANALYSIS ON IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN
THE RAINBOW TROOPS
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Mg. M. Frennandy Ngestiningtyas 112008061
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AN ANALYSIS ON IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN THE
RAINBOW TROOPS
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AN ANALYSIS ON IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN THE RAINBOW TROOPS
Mg. M. Frennandy Ngestiningtyas
Abstract
This study is aimed at examining the translation strategies used in the translation of idioms in the novel Laskar Pelangi from Indonesian into English. The data were collected by listing the idioms in the source text and their corresponding translation in the target text, which is entitled, The Rainbow Troops; identifying the idioms by classifying the idioms found using McCarthy and O’Dell’s theory about the classification of idiom types. The data obtained wereanalyzed by using idiom translation strategies proposed by Baker (2007). The most frequent translation strategies used in translating the Indonesian idioms is translation by using similar meaning and form. Other strategies applied are translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, translation by paraphrasing. There is no idiom found using translation by omission or ellipsis strategy.
Keywords: descriptive qualitative, idioms,Laskar Pelangi, translation strategies
INTRODUCTION
Idiom is a combination of words that has a meaning that is different from the meanings of the individual words themselves. When used in everyday language, they have a meaning other than the basic one you would find in the dictionary. Every language has its own idioms which develop according to the culture of the source language. When we are learning a language, we must learn the idioms too because they are the part of communication. Idioms are used in our daily conversation and can also be found in books, especially in literary works, such as novel. Novels use informal language because they tell
Translation is one way of transferring knowledge from foreign countries. Figurative language and idiomatic expressions are normally challenging to translate into the Target Language (TL) in translating novel. The idiom translation of Andrea Hirata’s novel, Laskar Pelangi novel, which was translated into English, entitled The Rainbow Troops was analyzed. A large number of novels have been published in Indonesia in every genre. Spreading Indonesian novels abroad can be an effective means to introduce the culture and values of Indonesia. Unfortunately, only a few Indonesian novels or other literary works are
published in other countries. And Andrea Hirata’s novel Laskar Pelangi is one of the works published abroad. Andrea Hirata was born in Belitung. His success in releasing Laskar Pelangi made Angie Kilbane interested in translating it into English so that people outside Indonesia know Indonesian culture. Kilbane is from Ohio but she works as journalist and teacher at an Islamic school in West Java. This novel becomes bestselling in Indonesia and has been translated into many languages.
This study can be a reference for translators on translating idiomatic expressions into English. Besides, it also may keep them aware of various types of idioms in Indonesia and aware of how to make translation smoother and natural by choosing appropriate idioms in the target language. It is hoped that this study may also inform students about the translation strategies used in translating idiomatic expressions in Indonesian.
This study attempted to address a research question. On the types of strategies used to translate idiomatic expressions in the Laskar Pelangi novel into English translation on The Rainbow Troops novel. This study will also analyze the translation strategies used in translating the idiomatic expressions.
What is Translation?
transferring a written text from source language (SL) to target language (TL)”. In this
definition they do not explicitly express that the object being transferred is meaning or message. They emphasis on translation as a process. Catford (1995) defined the translation process as the replacement of textual material in source language, with the closest meaning in target language. He distinguished between total translation, which is the replacement of SL grammar and lexis by equivalent TL grammar and lexis, and restricted translation that is based on the replacement of SL textual material at only one level. Nord (2005) concluded that since translation appears to be the only way to make sure that the source text has been understood entirely and properly, the translator should understand the context before starting any translation. In other words, translation is a process of transferring knowledge of SL into TL as natural as possible. The translators have to know the background culture of both the source language and the target language so that there is no misunderstanding.
Definition of Idioms
Since the idioms are developed by the culture of the language, we have to know the background culture both the SL and TL. Translating idioms of a source language into a target language is difficult for many people. Therefore we have to know the culture background of English. Idioms cannot be translated without understanding the meaning behind the expressions. It is reasonable when a translator deals with an idiomatic expression; the translation process becomes more complex because the translator has to analyze the meaning in the expression. Idiomatic expressions constitute a part of multiword expressions (Sag et al., 2001) and can often be found in daily life, conversation and many other contexts especially in English. There are many idiomatic expressions of which meaning cannot be accessed from its constituting forms. Therefore it is sometimes challenging for the translator to find the proper
meaning. In her book “In Other Words: A course book on translation”, Baker states that the
TL. An idiom may have a similar counterpart in the TL, but its context of use may be different, and an idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. Baker (2007) found the following:
Idioms are “at the extreme end of the scale from collocations in one or both of these areas: flexibility of patterning and transparency of meaning. They are frozen patterns of language which allow little or no variation in form and, in the case of idioms, often carry meanings which cannot be deduced from their individual components.” (p. 63)
Liu (2006) stated that idiom is a group of words, which has a meaning that cannot be translated literally. Besides, Larson (1997) also said that idiom is a group of words that have different meaning from the meaning expressed by the each word. He also stated that idiom have certain emotive connotations and are not expressed in the other lexical items.
Motallebzadeh and Tousi (2011: 2) defined that “idioms are fixed phrases consisting of more
than one word, and their meaning cannot be worked out by knowing the meaning of the
individual words”. According to McCarthy and O’Dell (2010: 6), “idioms are fixed
combinations of words whose meaning is often difficult to guess from the meaning of each
individual word”.
McGraw-Hill’s Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs (2005), includes verbal collocations, idioms, idiomatic expressions, clichés, proverbs, set phrases, fixed phrases, phrasal verbs, common phrases, prepositional verbs and phrasal/prepositional verbs in the category of idiomatic phrases. They are unclear because the meaning of the phrase is not literal or predictable. Phrasal verbs, also calledtwo-word verbs, are idiomatic expressions because the second element of the verb (the adverb or preposition) is not necessarily predictable.
have particular forms and meanings. When we are translating idioms, we have to know the
real meaning of the idioms in the source language. Therefore, in order to know idioms’
meanings, people need to know the background culture of both the source language and the target language so that there is no misunderstanding in knowing the meaning of the idioms. We can translate idioms into target language and the readers will know the closest meaning of the idioms.
Other Studies
There are some studies about translating idioms; Mustonen (2010), Chen (2009), and Motallebzadeh and Tousi (2011). Mustonen (2010) analyzed the idiom translation strategies
from Finnish into English in Donna Tartt’s The Secret History. She looked for what kinds of translation strategies can be used in the translating idioms in the novel. The result found that the most common strategy is translating SL idiom into non-idiom. The next common strategy is translating SL idiom into TL idiom and the last strategy is translating SL idiom literally. Chen (2009) did the research about literal translation in English idioms into Chinese. In her research, when idioms of the source language are similar to those of the target language in terms of choice of words, collocation and social meanings, according to Nida’s Dynamic
Analyzing the opposite, which is analyzing the English translation of Indonesian idioms, which are inLaskar Pelangi, was challenging. Zhang and Wang (2010) analyzed the application of functional equivalence theory in English translation of Chinese idioms. The conclusion of the study is when translating idioms; we should take three notions into consideration, namely, equivalence, receptor’s response, and diversity. Chinese idioms have
their own unique features; therefore, it is quite tough and fascinating job to translate Chinese idioms into English. For this study, the idiom translation strategies in translating Indonesian idioms into English were analyzed.
Strategies of Translating Idioms
In providing ideal translation, some translators face difficulties on translating idioms. Baker (2007: 68-71) summarized the difficulties involved in translating idioms, such as: an idiom or fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language, an idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; they may have different connotations or not be pragmatically transferable, an idiom may be used in the source language in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time and this play on idiom may not be successfully reproduced in the target language, and the convention regarding idioms in written discourse, the contexts in which they can be used and their frequency of use may be different in the source language and target language. According to Machali (2009: 3), translators might be mistaken in losing the tone or meaning of idioms in translating them as they think of the idioms as ordinary expressions. Therefore, in order to transfer the messages of idioms to be translated accurately and efficiently, the translator must choose the most appropriate strategy.
using an idiom of similar meaning and form, using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, translation by paraphrase, and translation by omission.
The first strategy is translation by using an idiom with similar form and meaning in the target language.This strategy is to translate idioms by using an idiom very similar in its form and meaning to the source language idiom. It must express roughly the same meaning and be of equivalent lexical items. Here is the example of this strategy.
Source text (A Hero from Zero, p. 6)
The Sultan’s magnificent income was distributed impulsively at his command. The rain fell on the just and on the unjust.
Target text (French, p. 21)
Le revenue fabuleux du Sultan était distribué sur un simple ordre de sa part. La pluie tombait aussi bien sur les justes que sur les injustes.
Back translation:
The fantastic income of the Sultan was distributed on a simple order on his part. The rain was falling on the just as well as on the unjust.
Another example in Indonesian is besar kepalawhich means ‘someone who believes that
they are very clever or very good at an activity and who thinks that other people should admire them’ can be translated intobig head.
The second strategy is translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form. It is translation of idiom by using an idiom with similar meaning but dissimilar form in the target language. Here is the example of this strategy.
Source text (Maters of the Universe): Feel the force of my fist, frozen fiend! Target text (German):
Dir werde ich einheizen, du Scheusal! Back translation:
I will make things hot for you, monster!
the heating on to you’. Another example in Indonesian is play cat and mouse,, which means
‘alternate between kinds of behavior when dealing with someone, often in matters of pursuit’,
which can be translated into bermain petak umpet has the same meaning with the source language.
The third strategy is translation by paraphrase.According Baker, paraphrase is one of the most common strategies in the translation of idioms. As sometimes it is impossible to find the right equivalent or any idiom in the target language, therefore, a translator can use translation by paraphrase. Using this kind of strategy a translator transfers the meaning of an idiom using a single word or a group of words, which roughly corresponds to the meaning of idiom but is not an idiom itself. The example is after this paragraph.
Source text (Language and Society, no 16 (1085), p. 4)
One frequent criticism of the Manitoba Government throughout the language controversy was that it never seemed to get a handle on the issue.
Target text (French, p. 4)
Tout au long de la controverse linguistique, on reprocha fréquemment au gouvernement du Manitoba de ne pas réussir, selon toute apparence, amaitriserla situation.
Back translation:
For the whole length of the linguistic controversy, the government of Manitoba was reproached frequently for not succeeding, by all appearances, inmasteringthe situation.
Another example in Indonesian ismeninggal dunia, which means ‘die’, can be translated
intokick the bucket.
The fourth strategy is translation by omission. According to Baker (2007, p.77) omission is allowed only in some cases: first, when there is no close equivalent in the target language; secondly, when it is difficult to paraphrase; finally, an idiom may be omitted for stylistic reasons. For example: He mightget up the juiceto kiss me, which means ‘find the
THE STUDY
This study used descriptive qualitative research as the basis of its approach. The data was in the form of words not about numbers and this study was concerned with a certain variable, indication, or condition properly. In addition, this research involved the variables, which exist naturally. The data was analyzed descriptively, in which I only illustrated, described, and reported without drawing or testing hypothesis. Creswell (1994) wrote that descriptive method is a way to collect information of the existing condition. Meanwhile Fraenkel and Wallen (1996:23) mentioned that descriptive method is used to explain, analyze, and classify using various techniques.
By using qualitative descriptive method, the source of data was treated as the condition, which was selected to gather the information that is needs for the research. In this case, the novel Laskar Pelangi and its translated version The Rainbow Troops were the sources of the data while the selected information gained from the novels were the culture specific items found in the novel. There are 34 chapters in Laskar Pelanginovel. Because of the limit of the time, only three chapters from Laskar Pelangi were selected to do this study in which become four chapters in English version.
The first procedure of collecting data was reading both novels Laskar Pelangi and its English version, The Rainbow Troops. While both novels were read, I also made a list of idioms that have been written on Laskar Pelangi. When the Indonesian idioms lists were gained, the next step was looking for the English translation on The Rainbow Troops. Then I identified the idioms and their translations. The next step is classifying the idioms into their types and their translations as the guide analyzing.
The data were classified according toMcCarthy and O’Dell’s theory (2010:6) to make
analyzed using my interpretation and Baker’s theory about idiom translation strategies.I used Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) and Oxford Dictionary as the guide analyzing the data. Draw the conclusion was the final step of doing this study. The conclusion was based the data analyzing and my interpretation.
Finding and Discussion
I found there are four idiom translation strategies like what Baker found in her research. Those four strategies are translation by using similar meaning and form, translation by using similar meaning but dissimilar form, translation by paraphrasing, and translation by omission or ellipsis. The most common strategy is translation by using similar meaning and form.
Translation by using similar meaning and form
The first strategy of translating idioms is using similar meaning and form. In this strategy, both SL and TL have similar meaning and form. Form in here is the diction of TL which is similar with SL. I found 15 idioms which are used this strategy. Here are some examples of translation using similar meaning and form strategy in translating Indonesian idioms.
Idiom “buah pikiran” (buah=fruit;pikiran=thought, mind) is translated literally.Buah pikiran means a result of thoughts. Fruit means the result, like we pick fruit which we have
waited for a long time. In TL, this idiom is translated literally, which becomes “the fruit of
mind”. In this case, the form of TL which is the diction is similar with the SL. Therefore this idiom belongs to translation by using similar meaning and form in translating idiom.
The next idiom is “agak terbelakang mental” (agak=quite, a bit; terbelakang=behind;
mental=mental). The meaning of this idiom is someone who has autism problem. This idiom is translated in similar form which is a bit behind mentally. The meaning of TL is similar with the SL. In here, the SL is translated literally. The diction of TL is similar with the SL.
SL: Pria itu adalah Harun, pria jenaka sahabat kami semua, yang sudah berusia lima belas tahun danagak terbelakang mentalnya.
TL: That boy was Harun, a funny boy and a good friend of ours. He was already 15 years old, the same age as Bu Mus, but wasa bit behind mentally.
Idiom “kehancuran hati” (kehancuran=ruin, downfall; hati=heart) has similar meaning with the TL,broken heart. Both idioms mean suffering from overwhelming distress. The form of both SL and TL is also similar. The diction of TL is similar with SL and both TL and SL have similar meaning too. Therefore, it uses translation by similar meaning and form strategy.
(berpikir=think, jernih=clear). Berpikir jernih in KBBI means using brain to decide something clearly. In here, jernihbecomes adverb to describe the action berpikir. Therefore,
jernihis translated intoclearly. The English version ofberpikir jernihin the Rainbow Troops is thinking clearly. Idiom “berpikir jernih”, which is translated intothink clearly, is translated literally and also has similar meaning with the Indonesian. In here, both idioms have similar form which is the diction in translating SL.
SL: Ia sudah tak bisa berpikir jernih. Ia berulang kali mengucapkan hal yang sama yang telah diketahui semua orang.
Idiom “meloncati nasib” (meloncati=jump over; nasib=fate, luck, destiny) means jump with great force beyond the destiny. In TL,meloncati nasibis translated into “leap over fate”. Both SL and TL have similar meaning which is to make different destiny. In here, the form of SL is verb phrase which TL is also in VP form. It means that the form of both SL and TL is similar. In this case, the translation of meloncati is leap over. The diction of TL has
similar meaning with SL. Therefore, idiom “meloncati nasib” belongs this strategy.
SL: Ayahnya telah melepaskan belut yang licin itu, dan anaknya baru sajameloncati
nasib, merebut pendidikan.
TL: He was like a little kid sitting on a pony—delighted, not wanting to get down. He had justleapt over fateand grabbed education by the horns.
The idiom “mendinginkan suasana” (mendinginkan=cool, freeze.
suasana=atmosphere) and cooled down the mood have similar meaning. The meaning is to make the mood or atmosphere calm. Like the previous idiom, the verb of this idiom,
mendinginkan, is translated into cool down. They have similar meaning too, therefore this idiom belongs to this strategy.
SL: Lalu Pak Harfanmendinginkan suasanayang berkisah tentang penderitaan dan tekanan ...
TL: Then Pak Harfan cooled down the mood with a story of the suffering
experienced …
The last example of translation by using similar meaning and form is “keras kepala”
(keras=hard; kepala=head). This idiom refers to person who has steady determination not to
Another idiom which use this strategy is “menancapkan tekad dalam hati”
(menancapkan=stick; tekad=push, desire; dalam=in,hati=heart). This idiom means giving a
determination or a desire. The translation of this idiom is “stronglyimbedin heart the desire”. Although the position of the words “tekad” is moved in the behind of the phrase, the form and the meaning of TL is still similar with SL.
SL: Kuliah umum dari Pak Harfan di hari pertama kami masuk SD Muhammadiyah langsung menancapkan tekad dalam hati kami untuk membela sekolah yang hampir rubuh ini, apa pun yang terjadi.
TL: The general course from Pak Harfan on our first day at Muhammadiyah Elementary School strongly imbedded in our hearts the desire to defend this nearly collapsing school, no matter what.
This strategy is the most common strategy that is used in Indonesian idiom translation into English. The goal of translation is to make translation smoother and natural by choosing appropriate idioms in the target language.
Translation by using similar meaning but dissimilar form
The next strategy is translation by using an idiom with similar meaning but the form is different. There are changes of phrases and clause in TL form. I found ten (10) idioms which use this strategy. Here are some examples of translation by using similar meaning but dissimilar form.
different meaning with “tertekan”. Although the meaning is different, according to Oxford dictionary, the meaning of idiom in TL is similar with SL.
SL: Suaranya berat selayaknya orang yangtertekan batinnya. TL: Her voice was grave, normal for someone with asinking heart.
Idiom “senyum getir” (senyum=smile; getir=bitter) means unnatural smile according to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia/KBBI (Indonesian dictionary). The TL of this idiom is
forced smile. According to Oxford dictionary it has also similar meaning with SL. Idiom
senyum getir belongs to this strategy because it has similar meaning but dissimilar form.
Bitterand forcedare totally different. But in here, the meaning of both words is similar; that is a smile to hide the sadness.
SL: Namun, senyum Bu Mus adalah senyum getir yang dipaksakan karena tampak jelas beliau sedang cemas.
TL: Yet Bu Mus’ smile was aforced smile: she was apprehensive.
The idiom “mulut pintu” (mulut=mouth,pintu=door) is used to describe place to go in
and out. This expression is translated into “the doorway”. The doorwayandmulut pintuhave similar meaning. The meaning of these expressions according to KBBI is not the door itself but the square cavity where the door is placed. The form of both idioms is dissimilar. There is
no word “mouth” in TL. However, in TL, “the doorway” hassimilar meaning with SL.
TL: Dimulut pintuberdiri dua orang guru seperti para penyambut tamu dalam perhelatan.
SL: Inthe doorwaystood two teachers, like hosts welcoming guests to a party.
Idiom “buta huruf” (buta=blind, huruf=letter) means disable in reading and writing. There is no English literal translation of this idiom. Therefore, the translation of buta huruf
and write.The Indonesian “buta huruf”is translated intoilliteracywhich has similar meaning with SL.
SL: …tuntutan memerdekakan anak daributa huruf.
TL: …to submit to modern demands to free their children fromilliteracy.
Another idiom is “detik-detik terakhir” (detik-detik=seconds;terakhir=last, final). The meaning of detik-detik terakhir is the very last time. This idiom shows how the people’s
feeling wait for the time when the school is closed. This idiom creates tense mood when they
are waiting. In TL, the translation of this idiom is in English common expression; “the final
moment”. The meaning of the final momentis similar with the SL. The form of both idioms is also dissimilar. In here,there is no relationship between SL and TL’s diction.
SL: …pedih menyaksikan detik-detik terakhir sebuah sekolah tua yang tutup justru pada hari pertama kami ingin sekolah…
TL:…heartbroken to witness the final moments before the old school closed on the
very day we were supposed to start…
Idiom “kehabisan napas” (kehabisan=run out; napas=breath) is translated into “out of breath”. In here, both SL and TL have similar meaning but the form is different. The words
“out” and “kehabisan” are very different but the TL phrase has similar meaning with SL.
SL: Mereka berdua hampirkehabisan napasketika tiba di depan Pak Harfan. TL: They were both nearlyout of breathwhen they arrived in front of Pak Harfan.
Idiom “waktu habis” (waktu=time, habis=run out) is translated into time was up. Although it has an equivalent meaning with its translation, this idiom has different form. In this case, form of both SL and TL is not a phrase. Both SL and TL are a clause. They consist of subject and predicate. Both idioms do not have a relation if translated literally but have similar meaning.
SL: Akhirnya,waktu habis…
Translation by paraphrasing
There are three (3) Indonesian idioms found in this strategy. Baker said that paraphrase is the most common strategy in translating idiom (2007). However, this strategy is not the most common strategy in translating Indonesian idioms into English in this novel. Here are the idioms that use this strategy.
In English, “benang merah” (benang=thread, merah=red) means connecting line, connection, correlation, similarity, or underlying causes. In this context, benang merah is translated intothe very essence.Benang merahin here means connecting line because the red thread connects the words with the life. This idiom uses paraphrase strategy because the TL is very different. There is no equivalent meaning if it translated literally. The form and the words in TL are different from the SL. The TL translation is totally different with the SL.
SL: Beliau menorehkanbenang merahkebenaran hidup yang sederhana melalui kata-katanya yang ringan namun bertenaga seumpama titik-titik air hujan.
TL: Through humble words, as powerful as raindrops, he brought to usthe very
essenceof the simple life’s righteousness.
The idiom that is using this strategy is “menyakitkan hati” (menyakitkan=painful,
hati=heart). In Indonesia, menyakitkan hati means feeling unhappy because of being hurt.
Hati in here is used as the complement of adjective menyakitkan. If hati is omitted, the meaning will not change. However, in Indonesian, hati makes the meaning of menyakitkan
becomes more detail and clear which part is painful. The English translation of“menyakitkan hati” is only “painful”. The idiom “menyakitkan hati” is paraphrased into “painful”, which
has similar meaning with SL.
SL: Kenyataan bahwa beliau hanya memerlukan satu siswa lagi untuk memnuhi target itu menyebabkan pidato ini akan menjadi sesuatu yangmenyakitkan hati.
TL: The fact that he only needed one more student would make this speech even
The idiom “membesarkan hati” (membesarkan=enlarge, expand;hati=heart) means to entertain or to cheer up someone. But in Indonesia, if we omit the prefix and suffix (besar hati), it means arrogant and someone who have big heart. The English translation of this
idiom is “console” which means entertain or cheer up someone. The diction on TL is totally different with the SL. There is no relationship between SL and TL.
SL: Para orangtua menepuk-nepuk bahunya untukmembesarkan hatinya. TL: The parents patted him on the back toconsolehim
In this study, the translation by omission or ellipsis was not found. If I analyzed until the last chapter, I might find it. Beside that, the translator, Kilbane, do not have much time in translatingLaskar Pelangi. She only had seven month to translate this novel.
CONCLUSION
The aim of this study was to analyze the translation strategies used in translating idioms in Rainbow Troops novel, the English version of Laskar Pelangi novel by Andrea Hirata. There are four strategies found that used by the translator in translating Indonesian idioms into English. I found that the most frequent translation strategy used by the translator is translation by using similar meaning and form. This result is different from what Baker proposed, which the most common strategy in translating idiom is paraphrasing. The next most frequent translation strategies used based on the analysis are translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, translation by paraphrasing. I did not found the last strategy, translation by omission or ellipsis, in this study.
novel, I would have found more strategies that are used by translator to translate the Indonesian idioms.
According to the previous conclusions, some suggestions are recommended as follows. For teachers, translation strategies used in the translation of idioms are suggested to be taught in translation course especially about the translation by similar meaning and form as it is the most frequent translation strategy used, because the meaning and the translation of TL have to be as close as the SL. For researchers, further research related to idiom translation especially English translation of Indonesian idioms is important to be conducted since they can be used as a reference in both teaching and learning English as a foreign language. It is hoped for the translator to provide better idiom translation as the researcher has provided the translation strategies used and their examples. The translator should also have deep comprehension about idiomatic expressions as well as the cultures and languages of both the source language and target language text in order to produce a good translation of the idiomatic expressions. It is important for the students or English Department students to recognize idioms to improve better interpretation of native English language.
Acknowledgment
I also thank to my father, mother and sister for their endless prayer, supports and advices which means so much for me. Also to all my friends, Dewa, Riris, Ricky, Vitus, and Mayang, who always support and help me. Lastly, I would thank to my friends in ED 2008 for giving me unforgettable memory as long as I study in this department. Also to all my teachers in English Department for teaching and educating me the whole time I study in SWCU.
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Appendix
Table 1. Translation by Using Similar Meaning and Form
No. Indonesian Idioms English Translation
1. mempercerah masa depan brighten futures 2. agak terbelakang mentalnya a bit behind mentally
3. berpikir jernih think clearly
12. menancapkan tekad dalam hati strongly imbed in hearts the desire
13. membelai hati touch heart
14. pantang menyerah never surrender
15. jatuh cinta fall in love
Table 2. Translation by Using Similar Meaning but Different Form
Table 3. Translation by Paraphrasing
No. Indonesian Idioms English Translation 1. benang merah the very essence 2. menyakitkan hati painful
