T1 112009127 Full text

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AN ANALYSIS ON QUOTES TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN

CHICKEN SOUP FOR THE TEENAGE SOUL

THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree of

Sarjana Pendidikan

Anne Marciagani

112009127

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

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AN ANALYSIS ON QUOTES TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN

CHICKEN SOUP FOR THE TEENAGE SOUL

THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree of

Sarjana Pendidikan

Anne Marciagani

112009127

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

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AN ANALYSIS ON QUOTES TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN CHICKEN SOUP FOR THE TEENAGE SOUL

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This thesis contains no such materials as has been submitted for examination in any course or accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by any other person except where due reference is inside in the text.

Copyright@ 2013. Anne Marciagani and Maria Christina Eko Setyarini, M.Hum

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An Analysis on Quotes Translation Strategies in Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul

Abstract

As quotes and translation have become popular recently, I decided to analyze on translation of quotes. Quotes are easily found in the mass media or internet, in the books, and in other media. When looking at those quotes, usually the quotes are from English. Therefore, I chose one popular book that has been translated into many languages. The popular book contains quotes and many wise stories. The purpose of this study is to find out the strategy used in the translation process of Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul from English as Source Language to Indonesian as Target Language. The strategies selection that used by the translator would be analyzed with Baker and Vinay & Darbelnet‟s theories. This paper also consists of the theories about translation and quotes itself. Through this research, I conclude that only eight strategies being used by the translator of the book.

Keywords: Chicken Soup, Quotes, Strategy, Translation

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, quotes are often found in our daily life, including in social network, which is

one medium used to socialize with other people through the internet. When looking at our social

networking, we will find many quotes that are used by our friends and without any difficulties

we can find quotes not only in social networking such as Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram, but

also we can find it in Google and many web sites. Quotation or we usually call it quote, is also

stated in almost every story in Chicken Soup. Based on Cambridge‟s Dictionary, quote is the

informal form of quotation and the definition is a phrase or short piece of writing taken from a

longer work of literature, poetry, etc. or what someone else has said. In Chicken Soup, quotes

that appear are quotes that consist of wisdom words or motivational words, depend on the story

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Starting from 15 years ago, Mark Victor Hansen and Jack Canfield, had written popular

books entitled Chicken Soup. The books are translated into more than 40 languages, and Chicken

Soup for the Soul is one of the world‟s best-known phrases (Canfield J. & Hansen M.V., 2013).

It shows that Chicken Soup is a popular book. The books contain many interesting stories from people‟s experiences. The stories teach us how to face our life. Chicken Soup comes with many

editions that made to meet the need of the reader. The book is inspirational for people who read

it.

Besides that, Chicken Soup series also contain touching and wise story. Chicken Soup

also has many editions or different series for different stories. The series are classified depending

on the stories that consist in the book. For instance, there is a series Chicken Soup for the Woman

Soul and the story is about the hard work of woman, what woman does have in life, and others. I

choose Teenage Soul among the many editions of Chicken Soup because it has more general

stories and it is suitable for young life, the pre-adolescence age. The Teenage Soul has some

section like on love, on friendship, on family, on changes, and etc. The stories from Teenage

Soul are suitable for teenager, early adolescence, and even adult when they faced the problems

about themselves, in friendship, or in love, or etc. If people read this book, people will find many

quotes or quotations in almost every title of the story. Thus Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul is

the suitable edition for my analysis in this thesis journal.

Chicken Soup is written in English. However, not all people understand English or speak

in English. Thus, in order to connect with both one‟s native and foreign languages, people need

translation to translate words from the language we do not understand into our language. (Torop,

2008) in his article, explain the need of translation in this 21st century that we are confronting the

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another language and translation is the process on changing one language into another language.

Translation is one of communicative needs. To understand other languages, translation becomes

important. As Zohrevandi (1992) cited in (Minaabad, 2011) stated that “translation, now, deals

with communicative needs and purposes for stretches of written or oral discourse which is means translation now is deal with communicative competence.” Zohrevandi‟s argument adds weight to

my opinion about the importance of translation. English as lingua franca made many books are

written in English and translated into another language such as Indonesian. Nevertheless, as

Lefevere cited in (Xiaomin, 2011) said that when translating language, the result of translation

must make a compromise between the original language and the target language. I agree with

Lefevere that target language must have same meaning as the original language. Consequently,

translation can meet the need of people to understand what is being talked about.

Furthermore, it seems that no many researchers have studied the strategies on quotes

translation. For instance, most of the articles study about the comparison, or idioms translation,

or proverbs, or sayings. For example, an article entitled “Cultural Connotation of Animals in

Translation: Proverbs, Idioms, Sayings” (Mahammadi R. & Jamshidian E., 2012) which talks

about translation in from English into Persian. This article focuses on differences in animal

connotation translation over proverbs, idioms, and sayings in English and Persian. Then the other

is an article entitled “Toward Developing a Master List of Value- Laden Chinese Proverbs and

Sayings” (Weng L. & Kulich S.J., 2009). This article is discussed about development a

comprehensive list of Chinese proverbs and sayings. Then the other article is entitled “APA

Referencing” (Waikato, 2012). This article talks about quotation referencing in journal. When I

looked up at quotes translation, quotation of journal mostly will be appeared. If I look at the

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merely found article about quotes translation. Most of the articles I found are talking about

quoting on journal. Thus because there are less research about quotes, I made a research about

quotes translation. After all, the Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul is a translation book from

English into Indonesian language, popular, and also contains quotes in it, I chose Chicken Soup

for the Teenage Soul. The research is to find out the strategy that used by the translator of the

book.

I hope this study can be useful for teens or children who like reading imported books or

motivational stories that have been translated into Indonesian. I also hope that this study can be

useful for translators and editors of books in translating. What I mean with useful is that the

study can make the translators and readers aware of the equivalence between target language and

source language. Also since we see quotes almost every day, by knowing the strategy of

translation that being used this study can help the teacher who wants to teach translation with

quotes. The study can be useful to people who want to do a research on the strategy of quotes

translation and can improve the skills of translators and editors of books by using the strategy on

translation.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

My research question is what strategies are used by translator on quotes translation of the

Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul are. Ultimately, the study is used three classifications. They

are the meaning of translation, the meaning of quote, and the strategies on the translation. Let us

take a look on the first meaning on translation. Based on (Koster, 2002) as cited in Riccardi:

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on the other hand its status is that of a derivative text: a translation is a representation, or a reconstruction, or a reproduction, of another text.” (p.25)

What I get from Koster, translation is a reproduction of text that in its own cultural

environment. Sometimes, we do translation without realize it. Translation is part of our everyday

life. In translating process, the reconstruction or a reproduction of another text is affected by

culture and the target language and the source language have different culture should be

considered about when translator is translating a text. Translation provides information from a

source text. What it really means is that with translation, we know more information because we

know the meaning of what is written in the source text. Translation fulfills our need about the

text. If we see the aim of translation, we will know why we need to translate a text. Translation

itself has the task of facilitating mutual communication between the speakers of different

language. ( (Buhler, 2002) p. 65 as cited in Riccardi). I absolutely agree with Riccardi‟s

argument that translation facilitating mutual communication of different language. Torop‟s

argument (2008) about translation also gives brief review about translation. He believes that

translation is to be simple mediators and translation means generating new languages for the

description of a foreign language, text, or culture. It means that translation is a process on

generating the original language into the target language. In my own opinion, translation is a

process of translating one language into another language in order to understand the meaning of

a word or text to communicate between people in different language with addition of making

other people understand what someone want to say without abandoned the culture that cited in

the target language or in source language.

Journal The Learning Centre from South Wales University (UNSW, 2007) defines

quotation as an exact reproduction of spoken or written words. The Writing Centre of Adelaide

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the exact wording used by the original author(s) in their work. While the other author from

Indiana University (2008) acknowledge that quotations involve someone else‟s words. All of

those definitions have explained the meaning of quotations as someone else‟s exact words that

have been written or said and people used those words to help them be more considerate and

wise. In Some Quotable Quotes in Statistic (Shaw, 2001) expresses that quotes help the author to

appeal to a higher authority (or simply to pass the buck), liven up lecture notes (or any other

equally bald and unconvincing narratives), encourage lateral thinking (or need any thinking)

and/or be cute. Here are several examples of quotes;

(1) If I have not seen as far as others, it is because giants were standing on my shoulders. (Hal Abelson)

(2) Be thankful for what you have; you‟ll end up having more. If you concentrate on what you don‟t have you will never, ever have enough. (Oprah Winfrey)

(3) Try not to become a man of success. Rather become a man of value. (Albert Einstein)

If you see those examples, quotes are the exact words from someone else. Hal Abelson have said to motivate himself; “If he have not seen as far as others, it is because giants were standing

on my shoulder.” Oprah Winfrey and Albert Einstein also give wisdom words that are being used

nowadays by everyone to make people realize, understand what life is, and tell about experience

in life. UNSW (2007) also add the characteristic of quotations that quotations should match the

source word for word, are usually appear between quotation marks, and they must be attributed

to the original source. Hal Abelson, Winfrey, and Einstein are the original source who wrote or

spoke the sentences. Sometimes quotes can appear between quotation marks like this „What is the use of a book,‟ thought Alice, „without pictures or conversations?‟ by Lewis Carroll from

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Then on the last classification that is the strategies on the translation. There are eight ways

of strategies that used by professional translation (Baker, 2011). Based on Baker, the first

strategy is translation by a more general word (superordinate), among the other strategies, this

strategy is commonly used. For example when the original source uses the word „Daisy‟, the target source can translate it as „flower‟ because the general word of Daisy is a flower, other

example is the word „apply‟ in source language and translated into „put‟ in target language

because the word „put‟ is commonly used in target language.

The second strategy is translation by a more neutral/less expressive word. The translator

need to look at the standard on TL (target language) whether if the words appropriate used or not. For example the word „archaic‟ in English and translated into „ancient‟ in Japan because of

the word „archaic‟ is too direct, too open and disapproving by Japanese standards. Also in TL of

Chinese, the word „exotic‟ has no equivalent in Chinese, the translator translate it into „strange

unique‟. The third strategy is translation by cultural substitution. As we know that in this world

we have many different cultures, different languages. In this strategy, translator needs to adapt

into the cultures. In example of this strategy, Baker brings out the word „Cream Tea‟ that used by

Britain people for afternoon meal and it has no equivalent in other cultures and the TL Italian used „pastry‟ to substitute the word „Cream Tea‟ which does not have the same meaning.

However, the word „pastry‟ is familiar for Italian and it is provide good cultural substitute.

The fourth strategy is translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation. This

strategy is dealing with culture-specific items. Similar with the example of previous strategy but

with difference in application, the example of „cream tea‟ in this strategy will be translated as is it. There is no „pastry‟ to substitute „cream tea‟. In some terms, loan words contain explanation

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related word. Unlike the previous strategies, this strategy has different method in translating.

Baker said that this strategy tends to be used when the concept expressed by the SL (source

language) is lexicalized in the target language but in a different form. For instance, the word „creamy‟ becomes „that resembles cream‟ and the word „overlooking‟ become „which

overlooks‟.

The next strategy is a strategy that similar with the fifth strategy, that is translation by

paraphrase using unrelated words. This strategy is paraphrasing a word without using related word from source language, for example the word „affidavit‟ is being translated as „a written

communication supported by an oath‟. If you look at the example, the word affidavit and the

translation does not have correlation in source language and target language. Next is strategy by

omission. Omission is needed to omit some words to not distract the reader with lengthy

explanation and to produce readable translation. Translation often does simply omit translating

the word or expression. Last strategy by Baker is translation by illustration. When the word lacks

an equivalence in target language, this strategy is an useful option. Illustration refers to physical

entity that can be illustrated, particularly if the text short, concise and to the point and if there is a

restrictions on space.

Other strategies are procedural strategies by Vinay & Darbelnet as cited in Venuti (2004).

The strategies are direct and oblique translation. The direct or literal translation is a translation

that possible to transpose the source language message element by element into TL. In the

opposite, oblique translation is a method that some structural or metalinguistic differences that

cannot be transposed into TL without changing the meaning and because of that this method is

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that include in direct translation are borrowing, calque, and literal translation. Procedures that

include in oblique translation are transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation.

First, the borrowing procedure is the simplest of translation method to introduce the flavor

of SL culture into translation. Vinay & Darbelnet selected the words „tequila‟, „tortillas‟, and „de

javu‟ as the example of borrowing procedures. Those words are come from French and Mexican

Spanish food. Next, the second procedure is calque. It is similar with borrowing but calque

borrows an expression form of another language and then translates literally each of its elements

and after period of time the word became an integral part of language. The example of calque from French calque is „therapie occupationnelle‟ from English source „occupational therapy‟.

The other examples are the word „les quatre Grands‟ from „the four great powers‟, „l‟homme dans la rue‟ from „the man in the street‟. Next is the most common strategy when translating two

languages, a literal translation. Literal translation is word for word translation and the direct

transfer of a SL text into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text. As illustrated by

Vinay & Darbelnet, the sentence „He looked at the map‟ into „Il regarda la carte‟ in TL (French)

is translated word for word.

Furthermore, the next procedure that belongs into oblique is transposition procedure. The

transposition method involves replacing one word class with another without changing the

meaning of the message. The word comes back and return can be the example of this method.

Similar with previous procedure, modulation procedure is a procedure that obtained by replacing

point of view. What it is mean modulation is used to avoid unidiomatic or awkward expression

in TL. Vinay & Darbelnet illustrated the example for modulation when the negative SL expression translates into a positive TL expression, „it is not difficult to show ….‟ as „Il est facile

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The two last procedures from oblique are equivalence and adaptation. Equivalence is

translation by the same situation that can be rendered by two texts using completely different

stylistic and structural methods. For example in French when someone got hit he or she would say „Aie!‟ but in English this would be interpreted as „Ouch!‟ Another examples of equivalence

is onomatopoeia of animal sounds like cocorico and cock-a-doodle-do, also proverbs and idioms

are included to an examples of equivalences. An adaptation can be described as special kind of

equivalence, a situational equivalence. For example an English father who would think nothing

of kissing his daughter on the mouth, something which is normal in that culture but would not be

acceptable in a literal rendering into French. The translator would be translated into appropriate

translation. Adaptations are particularly frequent in the translation of book and film titles. Those

strategies are grouped by Vinay & Darbelnet to make the analysis easier.

THE STUDY

This study is a qualitative research focusing on analyzing the strategies on quotes

translation in the Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul. The context of my study is quotes from

Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul which was published by Health Communications, Inc which

written in English and published by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama which written in Indonesian.

Through analyzing quotes in each title of story, the writer is able to find out the strategies that

used by translator of the book.

Research Data :

For my study, I used library research, internet surfing, and dictionary to find the strategy on

quotes translation. From library research and internet surfing, I found several articles and books‟

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to know the more specific meaning. I also used two books of Chicken Soup for Teenage Soul in

two languages (English and Indonesia).

Data Collection Procedures :

The first step to do in collecting my data was made a research in literature review and

searched the references that I need to analyze. Then I need to list all of English and Indonesian quotes in every title of story in Chicken Soup‟s book. However, the Indonesian version and the

English version have differences in pages and also in story. There are more stories in Chicken

Soup written in English than in Indonesian. I collected the title and quotes that are equal in both

books. Next, I started to group the quotes and compared the source text and target text.

Data Analysis Procedures :

To begin the analysis, I look at both quotes in English and Indonesian and also look at the

meaning of those strategies. From all the strategies by Vinay & Darbelnet and Baker, I used only

ten strategies by them, five strategies from Vinay & Darbelnet and five strategies from Baker. It

is depending on the quotes that I have read in the books. The five strategies by Baker are

superordinate, neutral/ less expressive word, cultural substitution, paraphrase using a related

word and omission. The rest are borrowing, calque, literal translation, equivalence, transposition,

and adaptation. After that, I grouped the quotes depending on the strategy that the translator

used. In order to group the quotes, I needed to analyze further with the meaning of each strategy

that I used and the meaning of every quote in both languages.

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FINDING AND DISCUSSION

In this analysis data to find the strategies used by translator on the Chicken Soup for the

Teenage Soul‟s quotes translation, I grouped the quotes into ten strategies. However, I found that

only eight strategies are used by the translator. Here are the eight strategies, Calque,

Transposition, Literal Translation, Equivalence, Superordinate, Neutral/less expressive word,

Paraphrase using related word, and Omission. In this discussion I analyze only the word that

being italic. However, I also found that some strategy is only applied in one quote‟s translation.

Here are strategies by Vinay & Darbelnet.

Calque

The first strategy that I found in this book is calque. There is only one quote that belongs

into this strategy. Here is the quote,

(1) In Family (Part 3)

SL: “The family – that dear octopus from whose tentacles we never quite escape nor, in our inmost hearts, ever quite wish to.” (Dadie Smith, p. 65).

TL: “Keluarga – gurita tersayang dan kita tidak dapat benar-benar terlepas dari tentakelnya, namun dalam lubuk hati kita, kita tak pernah benar – benar ingin lepas.” (Dadie Smith, p. 37).

This translation is belong to calque strategy because firstly, the word tentakel was

borrowed from English word tentacles. This special borrowing technique which is known as

calque is needed to translate SL literally of each element into TL. Tentacles is being translated

literally into Tentakel. Moreover, the effect of this strategy makes the word Tentakel became a

fixed calque and an integral part of Indonesian language as a translation of tentacles. In

Indonesia, tentakel means many (not only one) and equal with tentacles, so there is no need to be

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Transposition

Beside calque, I also found another strategy called transposition. Similar with the previous

strategy, transposition also consist of one quote. Here is quote that belongs into transposition,

(2) In Relationship (Part 1)

SL: “Relationships-of all kinds-are like sand held in your hand. Held loosely, with an open hand, the sand remains where it is. The minute you close your hand and squeeze tightly to hold on, … lost.” (Keleel Jamison, The Nibble Theory, P. 1)

TL: “Segala macam hubungan antar manusia itu mirip pasir dalam genggamanmu. Jika berada pada telapak tangan yang terbuka, pasir itu akan tetap pada tempatnya. Namun jika kau kepalkan tangamu erat-erat untuk mempertahankannya, … hilang.” (Keleel Jamison, The Nible Theory, P. 1)

The words the minute is translated into namun jika. In Venuti, transposition can be

expressed by transposing subordinate verb with a noun. The minute in this quote is an adverb and

namun jika is a conjunction. Even if the transposition is not verb into a noun, the transposition

between adverb into conjunction is also include in transposition method. There is no changing

meaning of the message and the translation obtained fits better utterance.

Literal Translation

The third strategy in Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul is literal translation. There are

nineteen quotes that translated literally. The literal translation is one of the common strategy that

being used by the translator of Chicken Soup. Here are some quotes that were translated literally;

(3) On Friendship (Part 2)

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TL: “Bersahabat dekat dengan seseorang itu membutuhkan banyak pengertian, waktu dan rasa percaya. Dengan semakin dekatnya masa hidupku yang tidak pasti, teman-temanku adalah hartaku yang paling berharga. (Erynn Miller, p.27)

(4) On Family (Part 3)

SL: “There are always two choices, two paths to take. One is easy and its only reward is that it‟s easy. (Anonymous, p.97)

TL: “Selalu ada dua pilihan, dua jalan untuk ditempuh. Yang satu mudah dan ganjarannya hanyalah bahwa pilihan itu mudah. (Anonym, p.62)

(5) On Love and Kindness (Part 4)

SL: “The greatest gift is a portion of thyself.” (Ralph Waldo Emerson, p.114) TL: “Hadiah terbesar adalah bagian dirimu.” (Ralph Waldo Emerson, p.80)

All those three quotes are translated word-for-word from SL to TL. The quote that “The greatest gift is a portion of thyself,” is translated literally (word-for-word) such as „hadiah

terbesar‟ as „the greatest gift‟, „adalah‟ as „is‟, „a portion of thyself‟ as „bagian dirimu.‟

According to Cross M. (2013), a literal translation is an exact and accurate reproduction of the

entire content of the source text without embellishment or modification. For instance, in the first

quote “… As I approach a time of my life of complete uncertainty, my friends is my precious asset,‟ is being translated as “… Dengan semakin dekatnya masa hidupku yang tidak pasti,

teman-temanku adalah hartaku yang paling berharga,” there are no embellishment and no

modification, only word-for-word translation.

Equivalence

Equivalence is also one of the strategies that I found in this analysis. There are nine quotes

translation that used this strategy. The equivalence strategy is quite often being used by the

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(6) On Learning (Part 5)

SL: “In the darkest hour the soul is replenished and given strength to continue and endure. (Heart Warrior Chosa, p. 178)

TL:“Dalam saat tergelap, jiwa diisi kembali dan diberi kekuatan untuk meneruskan dan bertahan.” (Heart Warrior Chosa, p. 150)

SL: „If you would be loved, love and be lovable.‟ (Benjamin Franklin, p. 117)

TL:„Kalau kau ingin dicintai, cintailah orang lain dan jadilah orang yang dapat dicintai.‟ (Benjamin Franklin, p. 83)

Equivalence or similarity is a strategy of translating idioms, sounds, and proverbs.

Furthermore, the equivalence method is emphasizing on meaning between TL and SL. The

darkest hour is an idiom which is translated as saat tergelap. It is not being translated as a time,

but translated as the time when we feel empty or bad. The meaning of saat tergelap and darkest

hour is equivalence. Also in the second quote (7), „love‟ and „cintailah orang lain‟ is an

equivalence strategy. In SL, „love‟ which means „cinta‟ even without an object, people who read

it can understand the meaning. Nevertheless in TL the word „cintailah‟ without an object will

make the reader confused. Therefore, the translator used this strategy to make the TL and SL

have equal meaning. Then, move to next strategy by Baker,

Superordinate

In addition to four strategies that I found, I also found strategy with more general word or

superordinate. This strategy only consists of only one quote:

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TL: “Kata-kata „Aku adalah…” merupakan kata-kata yang kuat; berhati-hatilah dengan apa yang kamu tuliskan setelah kata-kata itu. Hal yang kamu katakan akan memantul dan menuntunmu.” (A.L. Kitselman, p.153)

The word potent is more likely to be ampuh or manjur (effective or powerful). In my

opinion, the word ampuh is stronger and more specific than kuat. Instead of using the word

ampuh or manjur which is rarely used by TL, translator tries to find the general word of ampuh.

The application of kuat is to overcome the lack of specificity in the target language.

Neutral/less expressive word

Another strategy that I found in this book is Neutral/less expressive word. Similar with

superordinate strategy, this strategy only has not many quotes. This strategy only consists of two

quotes.

SL: “There are high spots in all of our lives,and most of them come about through encouragement from someone else.” (George Adam, p. 171)

TL: “Ada saat-saat istimewa dalam kehidupan kita, dan sebagian besar datang melalui dorongan orang lain.” (George Adam, p. 142)

SL: “Kindness in words creates confidence, kindness in thinking creates profoundness, kindness in giving creates love.” (Lao-Tsu, p. 110).

TL: “Kebaikan dalam kata-kata menciptakan percaya diri, kebaikan dalam berpikir menciptakan kebijaksanaan, kebaikan dalam memberi menciptakan cinta.” (Lao-Tsu, p. 73).

Saat-saat istimewa is a less expressive word strategy from high spot. The translator used

this strategy because there is no equal equivalence for high spot. The definition of high spot is

the time when we are at the peak. Yet, saat saat istimewa has meaning as special moments rather

than high spot. The translator used Indonesian near equivalent of high spot which is saat-saat

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spot, the word profoundness is less expressive than deep. The word profoundness is being

translated as kebijaksanaan or wisdom. As we know that literally the word profoundness means

deep. The wisdom is not equivalent as deep. However, if the translator used the word deep, the

reader may confuse about what is the meaning of deep itself. Because of that reason, the

translator look for the nearest equivalent with deep and it is wisdom or kebijaksanaan.

Paraphrase using related word

Aside from six strategies that I have mentioned before, I found another strategy that also

commonly used by the translator. It was paraphrase using related word. There are four quotes

translation that used paraphrase using related word strategy. Here are several examples of

paraphrase using related word,

SL: “When it comes down to it, we all just want to be loved.” (Jamie Yellin, p. 149) TL: “Pada dasarnya, kita semua hanya ingin dicintai.” (Jamie Yellin, p. 121) (10) On Learning (Part 5)

SL: “School has taught me not only how to learn in the classroom, but outside the classroom as well. Where do you think I learned how to climb, swing and skip? Where do you think I learned how to meet my best friend? (Jessie Braun, p. 155)

TL: “Sekolah telah mengajariku cara belajar tak hanya di dalam kelas, tapi di juga di luar kelas. Memangnya dari mana aku belajar cara memanjat, bermain ayunan dan melompat? Dari mana aku belajar cara berkenalan dengan sahabatku? (Jessie Braun, p.130)

According to Baker, this strategy tends to be used when the concept expressed by the

source item is lexicalized in the target language but in a different form. The first phrase in the

first quote, when it comes down to it is being translated as pada dasarnya. The phrase is

translated using a related word because of the word down. The word down in this quote has

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down, the translator expressed the word when it comes down to it as pada dasarnya or essentially

in English. In the second example, the phrase where do you think is translated as memangnya

dari mana. The phrase of where do you think is translated smoothly by using this strategy rather

than translate it word-for word.

Omission

Sometimes in translating quotes, the translator will omit several words of quotes and that

is the omission strategy that I found in this book. The omission strategy is also quite often being

used by translator to translate the quotes in this book. There are also four quotes translation that

belong into this strategy. Here are several quotes that use omission strategy,

(11)Acknowledgements

SL: „It takes a thousand voices to tell a single story.‟ (Native American Saying)

TL: „Diperlukan seribu suara untuk menceritakan sebuah kisah.‟ (Peribahasa penduduk asli Amerika)

SL: “Enjoy yourself. These are the good old days you‟re going to miss in the years ahead.” (Anonymous, p.59)

TL: “Bersenang-senanglah. Hari-hari ini adalah hari-hari yang akan kita rindukan di tahun-tahun mendatang. (Anonim, p.30)

In the first quote, the word it is being omitted by the translator because of there is no

meaning. In the second quote, the word yourself also being omitted because of the meaning is

obvious. When in TL we order something to someone, we can use only verb without an object stated in it. Baker said in her book, “If the meaning conveyed by a particular item or expression

is not vital enough to the development of the text to justify distracting the reader with lengthy

explanations, the translators can and often do simply omit translating the word or expression in

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expression that does not really have meaning and try to not distract the reader with lengthy word

of translation.

Through all the strategies that have been displayed before, the translator used the strategy

by Vinay & Darbelnet and Baker equally. The strategies that I displayed consist of four strategies

by Baker and four strategies by Vinay & Darbelnet. The strategies by Vinay & Darbelnet that

being used are Calque, Literal Translation, Transposition, and Equivalence. The major strategies

being used are literal and equivalence. Next, the strategies by Baker that being used are

Superordinate, Natural/less expressive word, Paraphrase using related word, and omission. The

major strategies being used is literal translation with nineteen quotes that have been translated

with this strategy. The calque, transposition, superordinate, and natural/less expressive word

strategies are rarely used by the translator because the lack of context. The context of translation

is focus on quotes that usually used formal language and short sentences. However, I found that

there is also mixed strategy that being used by the translator. One quote can be translated by two

or three strategy. The quote that being translated by mixed strategy will be displayed in appendix

and will be displayed twice or thrice due to the strategies that being used. I think that the

translator makes a good translation for this book. The equivalence between SL and TL is

accomplished. The translator also tried to find the easiest language by considering who the

readers of the book are.

CONCLUSION

This study is aimed to find strategies that used by translator to translate quote from

English into Indonesian in Chicken Soup for Teenage Soul. This study also investigated on how

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displayed, the strategies that being used to translate Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul‟s quotes

are consist of eight strategies. Those strategies are calque, transposition, superordinate,

neutral/less expressive word which are consist of one quotes each. Also the others strategies that

commonly used in this book, equivalence, paraphrasing using related word and also omission.

The strategies that majority used is literal translation with total nineteen quotes. There is also

mixed strategies in this book. I find that one quotes can be translated two or three strategies. The

translator used his or her own strategy to produce good translation.

This study can be implied for students who take a translation class. The strategies for

translating also can be applied not only for the quotes but also in general translation. They can

also analyze and find what the strategy that being used by translator in translating book. I suggest

that the student to start with the most common strategy that being used in this book, literal

translation. However, because of the limitation of time and book, I only analyzed one book

which only consists of forty two quotes and only for teenager. If I had had more time, I would

have analyzed two or more books. I would also have dug out more strategies that the translator

used. I suggest for the further research that they will analyze two or three books of different

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References

Adelaide, T. U. (2010). Writing Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2012, from The University of Adelaide: www.adelaide.edu.au/writingcentre

Baker, M. (2011). In Other Words (2nd Edition ed.). Oxon and New York: Routledge.

Buhler, A. (2002). Translation as interpretation. In A. Riccardi (Ed.), Translation Studies Perspectives on an Emerging Discipline (p. 65). New York, United States of America: Cambridge University Press.

Canfield J. & Hansen M.V. (2013). Chicken Soup for the Soul. Retrieved June 7, 2013, from http://chickensoup.com

Canfield J., Hansen M.V., & Kirberger K. (1997). Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: 64 Kisah tentang Kehidupan, Cinta, dan Pembelajaran. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama

Canfield J., Hansen M.V., & Kirberger K. (1997). Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: 101 Stories of Life, Love and Learning. United States: Health Communication, Inc.

Cross M. (2013). Literal Translation of Patent. Retrieved January 30, 2013, from http://patenttranslations.com

Jamshidian E. & Mahammadi R. (2012, April). Interdiciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. Cultural Connotation of Animals in Translation: Proverbs. Idioms, Sayings (English-Persian), 3, pp. 461-471.

Vinay J.P. & Darbelnet J. (2004). A methodology for translation. In L. Venuti (Ed.), The Translation Studies Reader (J. C. Hamel, Trans., 2nd Edition ed., pp. 128-137). New York and Oxon: Routledge.

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Translation Studies Perspectives on an Emerging Discipline (p. 25). New York, United States: Cambridge University Press.

Weng L. & Kulich S.J. (2009). Toward Developing a Master List of Value-Laden Chinese Proverbs and Sayings. China Media Research, 5 (1), 68-80.

Minaabad, M. S. (2011, March). English Language Teaching. The Effect of Collocation on Meaning Representation of Adjectives such as Big and Large in Translation from Two

Languages Used in the Article to English Language Texts, 4, pp. 70-75.

Shaw, J. (2001, December 28). Some Quotable Quotes for Statistics. Retrieved November 28, 2012 from http://ewartshaw.co.uk

Torop, P. (2008). Translation as Communcation and Auto - Communication. Sign System Studies , 36, 2.

UNSW, T. L. (2007). The Learning Centre. Retrieved January 18, 2013, from http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au

Waikato, T. U. (2012, May). The Library - Te Whare Pukapuka. Retrieved July 17, 2012, from http://www.waikato.ac.nz/go/apa

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Appendix Calque

(1) In Family (Part 3)

SL: “The family – that dear octopus from whose tentacles we never quite escape nor, in our inmost hearts, ever quite wish to.” (Dadie Smith, p. 65).

TL: “Keluarga – gurita tersayang dan kita tidak dapat benar-benar terlepas dari tentakelnya, namun dalam lubuk hati kita, kita tak pernah benar – benar ingin lepas.” (Dadie Smith, p. 37).

Transposition

SL: “Relationships-of all kinds-are like sand held in your hand. Held loosely, with an open hand, the sand remains where it is. The minute you close your hand and squeeze tightly to hold on, the sand trickles through your fingers. You may hold on to some of it, but most will be spilled. A relationship is like that. Held loosely, with respect and freedom for the other person, it is likely to remain intact. But hold too tightly, too possessively, and the relationship slips away and is lost.” (Keleel Jamison, The Nibble Theory, P. 1)

TL: “Segala macam hubungan antar manusia itu mirip pasir dalam genggamanmu. Jika berada pada telapak tangan yang terbuka, pasir itu akan tetap pada tempatnya. Namun jika kau kepalkan tangamu erat-erat untuk mempertahankannya, pasir itu akan menyembur melalui sela-sela jemarimu. Mungkin ada yang tersisa dalam tanganmu, tapi kebanyakan akan jatuh. Pacaran adalah seperti itu. Kalau dipertahankan dengan longgar, dengan menghormati dan membebaskan orang lain, hubungan cinta itu akan tetap utuh. Tapi jika digenggam terlalu erat, terlalu memiliki, maka hubungan cinta itu akan terlepas dan hilang.” (Keleel Jamison, The Nible Theory, P. 1)

Literal Translation

SL: “We should be careful to get out of an experience only the wisdom that is in it.” (Mark Twain, p. 156)

TL: “Kita harus berhati-hati hanya mengeluarkan kebijakan yang berada dalam suatu pengalaman.” (Mark Twain, p. 131)

(4) Going for it! (Part 8)

SL: “From what we get we can make a living, what we give, however, makes a life.” (Arthur Ashe, p. 308)

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(5) Making a Difference (Part 7)

SL: “You were born with wings. Why prefer to crawl through life? (Rumi, p. 270)

TL: “Kamu dilahirkan dengan sayap. Mengapa kamu lebih suka merangkak menjalani hidup?” (Rumi, p. 195)

SL: “It takes a lot of understanding, time and trust to gain a close friendship with someone. As I approach a time of my life of complete uncertainty, my friends are my most precious asset. (Erynn Miller, p.48)

TL: “Bersahabat dekat dengan seseorang itu membutuhkan banyak pengertian, waktu dan rasa percaya. Dengan semakin dekatnya masa hidupku yang tidak pasti, teman-temanku adalah hartaku yang paling berharga. (Erynn Miller, p.27)

SL: „She never once gave up. My mom is my hero.‟ (Kimberly Anne Brand, p.67)

TL: „Ia tak pernah sekalipun menyerah. Ibuku adalah pahlawanku.‟ (Kimberly Anne Brand, p.39)

SL: „My mother had a great deal of trouble with me, but I think she enjoyed it.‟ (Mark Twain, p.74)

TL: „Ibuku banyak mendapat masalah saat membesarkanku, tapi kurasa dia menikmatinya.‟ (Mark Twain, p.45)

SL: “There are always two choices, two paths to take. One is easy and its only reward is that it‟s easy. (Anonymous, p.97)

TL: “Selalu ada dua pilihan, dua jalan untuk ditempuh. Yang satu mudah dan ganjarannya hanyalah bahwa pilihan itu mudah. (Anonim, p.62)

SL: “If God can work through me, He can work through anyone.” (St. Francis from Asisi p. 102)

TL: “Kalau Tuhan dapat bekerja melalui saya, Dia dapat bekerja melalui siapa saja.” (St. Fransiskus dari Asisi p.63)

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SL: “Peace, like charity, begins at home. (Anonymous, p.105)

TL: “Kedamaian, seperti kedermawanan, dimulai di rumah.” (Anonim, p.69) (12) On Love and Kindness (Part 4)

SL: “Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a harder battle.” (Plato, p.110)

TL: “Berbaik hatilah, karena semua orang yang kau temui sedang berjuang dalam pertempuran yang lebih sulit. (Plato, p.75)

SL: “The greatest gift is a portion of thyself.” (Ralph Waldo Emerson, p.114) TL: “Hadiah terbesar adalah bagian dirimu.” (Ralph Waldo Emerson, p.80)

SL: “To give pleasure to a single heart by a single act is better than a thousand heads bowing in prayer.” (Mahatma Gandhi, p.119)

TL: “Memberikan kesenangan kepada sebuah hati dengan sebuah tindakan masih lebih baik daripada seribu kepala yang menunduk berdoa.” (Mahatma Gandhi, p.85)

SL: “I sought my soul, but my soul I could not see. I sought my God, but my God eluded me, I sought my brother and I found all three.” (Anonymous, p.141)

TL: “Kucari Jiwaku, Namun jiwaku tak kulihat, Kucari Tuhanku, Namun Dia menghindariku, Kucari saudaraku, dan kudapatkan ketiganya.” (Anonim, p.111)

SL: “The more we know the better we forgive. Whoever feels deeply, feels for all who live.” (Madame de Stael, p.145)

TL: “Makin banyak yang kita ketahui, makin baik kita memaafkan. Siapa pun yang merasakan dalam-dalam, merasakan untuk semua orang yang hidup.” (Madame de stael, p.116)

(17) Tough Stuff (Part 6)

SL: “You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience by which you really stop to look fear in the face. You are able to say to yourself, „I lived through this horror. I can take the next thing that comes along.‟” (Eleanor Rosevelt, p.205)

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SL: “Great opportunities to help others seldom come, but small ones surround us every day.” (Sally Koch, p.247)

TL: “Kesempatan besar untuk menolong sesama jarang muncul, tapi ada banyak kesempatan kecil di sekitar kita setiap hari.” (Sally Koch, p.177)

SL: “Those who bring sunshine to the lives of others cannot keep it from themselves.” (James M. Barrie, p.256)

TL: “Orang yang membawa sinar matahari kepada hidup orang lain tak dapat menghalangi sinar itu dari dirinya sendiri.” (James M. Barrie, p.186)

(20) Going for It! (Part 8)

SL: “Although the world is full of suffering, it is also full of the overcoming of it.” (Hellen Keller, p.279)

TL: “Meskipun dunia penuh dengan penderitaan, dunia juga penuh dengan keberhasilan mengatai penderitaan itu.” (Hellen Keller, p.204)

SL: “Knowledge is love and light and vision.” (Hellen Keller, p.294)

TL: “Pengetahuan adalah cinta dan cahaya dan visi.” (Hellen Keller, p.216) (22) Going for It! (Part 8)

SL: “Whatever you are doing, love yourself for doing it. Whatever you are feeling, love yourself for feeling it.” (Thadeus Golas, p.325)

TL: “Apapun yang kau lakukan, cintailah dirimu karena melakukannya. Apa pun yang kau rasakan, cintailah dirimu karena merasakannya.” (Thadeus Golas, p.243)

SL: “The task ahead of us is never as great as the power behind us. (Anonymous, p.328) TL: “Tugas di hadapan kita tak pernah sebesar kekuatan di belakang kita.” (Anonim, p.247)

Equivalence

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on, the sand trickles through your fingers. You may hold on to some of it, but most will be spilled. A relationship is like that. Held loosely, with respect and freedom for the other person, it is likely to remain intact. But hold too tightly, too possessively, and the relationship slips away and is lost.” (Keleel Jamison, The Nibble Theory, P. 1)

TL: “Segala macam hubungan antar manusia itu mirip pasir dalam genggamanmu. Jika berada pada telapak tangan yang terbuka, pasir itu akan tetap pada tempatnya. Namun jika kau kepalkan tangamu erat-erat untuk mempertahankannya, pasir itu akan menyembur melalui sela-sela jemarimu. Mungkin ada yang tersisa dalam tanganmu, tapi kebanyakan akan jatuh. Pacaran adalah seperti itu. Kalau dipertahankan dengan longgar, dengan menghormati dan membebaskan orang lain, hubungan cinta itu akan tetap utuh. Tapi jika digenggam terlalu erat, terlalu memiliki, maka hubungan cinta itu akan terlepas dan hilang.” (Keleel Jamison, The Nible Theory, P. 1)

SL: “When it comes down to it, we all just want to be loved.” (Jamie Yellin, p. 149) TL: “Pada dasarnya, kita semua hanya ingin dicintai.” (Jamie Yellin, p. 121)

(26) On Learning (Part 5) you‟re claiming has a way of reaching back and claiming you.” (A.L. Kitselman, p.190)

SL: “A friend is a gift you give yourself.” (Robert Louis Stevenson, p.43)

TL: “Teman adalah hadiah yang kita berikan kepada diri sendiri.” (Robert Louis Stevenson, p.23)

(29)On Love and Kindness (Part 4)

SL: „If you would be loved, loveand be lovable.‟ (Benjamin Franklin, p.117)

TL: „Kalau kau ingin dicintai, cintailah orang lain dan jadilah orang yang dapat dicintai.‟ (Benjamin Franklin, p. 83)

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SL: “You never lose by loving. You always lose by holding back.” (Barbara DeAngelis, p.11) TL: “Kita tak pernah kalah karena mencintai seseorang. Kita selalu kalah karena tidak berterus terang.” (Barbara DeAngelis, p. 8)

SL: “First say to yourself what would be; and then what do you have to do.” (Epictetus, p. 84) TL: “Pertama-tama, katakanlah pada dirimu apa yang akan kau raih; lalu lakukan apa yang perlu kau lakukan. (Epictetus, p.56)

SL: “Some people come into our lives and quickly go. Some stay for a while and leave footprints on our hearts. And we are never, ever the same. (Anonymous, p.35)

TL: “Ada orang yang masuk ke dalam hidup kita dan berlalu dengan cepat. Ada yang tinggal beberapa lama dan meninggalkan jejak dalam hati kita. Dan diri kita pun tak akan pernah sama seperti sebelumnya. (Anonymous, p. 27)

Superordinate

SL: “The words „I am…‟ are potent words; be careful what you hitch them to. The thing you‟re claiming has a way of reaching back and claiming you.” (A.L. Kitselman, p.190)

Neutral/less expressive word

SL: “Kindness in words creates confidence, kindness in thinking creates profoundness, kindness in giving creates love.” (Lao-Tsu, p. 110).

TL: “Kebaikan dalam kata-kata menciptakan percaya diri, kebaikan dalam berpikir menciptakan kebijaksanaan, kebaikan dalam memberi menciptakan cinta.” (Lao-Tsu, p. 73).

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TL: “Ada saat-saat istimewa dalam kehidupan kita, dan sebagian besar datang melalui dorongan orang lain.” (George Adam, p. 142)

Paraphrase using related word

SL: “School has taught me not only how to learn in the classroom, but outside the classroom as well. Where do you think I learned how to climb, swing and skip? Where do you think I learned how to meet my best friend? (Jessie Braun, p. 155)

TL: “Sekolah telah mengajariku cara belajar tak hanya di dalam kelas, tapi di juga di luar kelas. Memangnya dari mana aku belajar cara memanjat, bermain ayunan dan melompat? Dari mana aku belajar cara berkenalan dengan sahabatku? (Jessie Braun, p.130)

SL: “You never know what happiness a simple act of kindness will bring about.” (Bree Abel, p. 136)

TL: “Anda tak akan pernah tahu kebahagiaan yang ditimbulkan oleh kebaikan hati.” (Bree Abel, p.105)

SL: “What‟s important in life is how we treat each other.” (Hana Ivanhoe, p.138)

TL: “Yang penting dalam hidup ini adalah cara kita saling memperlakukan satu sama lain.” (Hana Ivanhoe, p.107)

SL: “Having dream isn‟t stupid, Norm. It‟s not having a dream that‟s stupid.”(Cliff Clavin, p. 275)

TL: „Diperlukan seribu suara untuk menceritakan sebuah kisah.‟ (Peribahasa penduduk asli Amerika)

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SL: “Enjoy yourself. These are the good old days you‟re going to miss in the years ahead.” (Anonymous, p.59)

TL: “Bersenang-senanglah. Hari-hari ini adalah hari-hari yang akan kita rindukan di tahun-tahun mendatang. (Anonim, p.30)

SL: “People are always blaming their circumstances for what they are. I don‟t believe in circumstances. The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances. The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances they want, and, if they can‟t find them, they make them. (George Bernard Shaw, p.298)