Water Safety Plan (Myanmar Version)

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Water Safety Plan

ZGefv?2007

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1/

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2/

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3/

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4/

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5/

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6/

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7/

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8/

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10/

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13/ tif*sifeD,mrsm;

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aomufoHk;a& vHkNcHKpdwfcs&a&; pDrHudef; (

Water Safety Plan)

pmrsufESm

trSmpm

i

1/

aemufcHorkdif;

2

2/

Water Safety Plan

2

3/

WSP

jyKpk&jcif;taMumif;&if;ESifY OD;wnftkyfpk? (

Target Group

)

2

4/

WSP

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2

5/

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3

6/

WSP

\ cH,lcsuf

3

7/

WSP

\ tajccH vkdtyfcsufrsm;

4

8/ or½dk;us csOf;uyfa&;enf;pepf\ uefYowfcsufrsm;

4

9/

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(System Assessment Results)

4

10/

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(

Identifying Control Measures

) 7

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9

12/

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Verification

) 9

13/ pDrHcefYcGJa&;enf;vrf;rsm; (

Management Procedures

)

12

14/ qufoG,fynmay;jcif; (

Communication

)

14

15/ rSwfwrf;jyKpkjcif; (

Documentation

)

16

16/

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Suggestion

)

17

17/

usrf;udk;pm&if; 18

18/

WSP

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19

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1/ vufwl;a&wGif; (

Dug Well

)

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20

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(18 rsufESm)

39

(

Shallow Tubewell

)

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(

Deep Tubewell, Distribution System

)

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80

(

Protected Pond

)

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(

Gravity Flow System from Protected Spring

)

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(

Roof-catchment Rainwater Collection Tank

)

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(

Summary of Hazardous Analysis

)

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WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Third Edi-tion (2004) Volume 1, RecommendaEdi-tion, Chapter 4 Water Safety Plan

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vnf;aumif;? (22^23-6-2006)wGif usif;yaom

Orientation Workshop on the new third edition, WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality

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Power point

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Bangladesh

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WEDC

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2/

Water Safety Plan (WSP)

WSP

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^ab;Eå&m,f (

Hazards

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(

Risks

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WSP

onf BudKwifumuG,fa&; csOf;uyfrIenf;pOf (

Preventive Approach

) udk

tajccHonf/

Safe Water Plan

oufouf r[kwfyg/

Water Safety and Security

Plan

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3/

WSP

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Target Group

)

WSP

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þpmwrf;udk oifwef;rSwfpktaejzifh aomfvnf;aumif;?vkyfief; vrf;nTef (

Guidelines for WSP

) taejzifh aomfvnf;aumif; toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/

4/

WSP

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(u)

System Assessment

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Design Criteria

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(c)

Identifying Control Measures

(

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3

(*)

Management plan

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incident

)

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Monitoring

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( Information and Communication )

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jcif; wdkUjzpfygonf/

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(

Hazard, Hazardous Event and Risk

)

• Hazard

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• Hazardous event

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Hazard

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• Risk

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• Hazard

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cause

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Risk

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effect

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6/

WSP

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Concept

)

(u) yef;wdkif (

Goal

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vlxk

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(

emphasis

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(t&nftaoG; tmrcHcsuf&&Sdap&ef )

(c) aqmif&Gufenf; (

How

)

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(*)

tajccH (

Base

) -

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tumtuG,f t&Htwm;rsm; tqifhqifY (

Multiple Barriers

) xm;&Sdí

umuG,fa&;

Oyrm / /

a&t&if;tjrpfodkY npfnrf;rIrsm; avsmhenf;apjcif;

7/

WSP

\ tajccH vkdtyfcsufrsm; (

Fundamental requirements of WSP

)

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(c)

WSP

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od&Sdem;vnf&ef

•

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Impact

)

•

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Processes

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csufrsm; (

Parameter

)

•

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ud&d,mrsm;ESifh tEå&m,fjzpfEdkifajc/

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8/ or½dk;uscsOf;uyfa&;enf;vrf;

(Traditional Approach)

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•

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•

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Parameters

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•

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•

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jzpfaejcif;?

•

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tcuftcJ&Sdjcif; (tcsdef?vltiftm; "gwfcGJcef;)?

•

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9/ aqmif&GufrI\&vm'frsm; (

System Assessment Results

)

•

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•

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Risk Assessment

rsm;udk jyKvkyfí tEå&m,fjzpfedKifajc (

Risk

)

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•

_{tEå&m,fwpfckjcif;tvdkuf tao;pdwfxdef; csKyfrI tpDtpOfcsrSwfEdkifrnf?}

•

_{xdef;csKyfrI (}

Control

) wpfckpDtwGuf Muyfrwfppfaq;jcif; (

Monitoring

)

5

WSP

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System Assessment

onf t"duta&;BuD;qHk;

tcsuf[k qdkEdkifygonf/

System Assessment

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a&&,lonfh ae&mrsm;udk ppfaq;&mwGiftoHk;jyKaom

Sanitary Inspection

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Standard Operating Procedure, SOP

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Risk

)ESifh jyóem\

twdrfteufudk cGJjcm;í OD;pm;ay;pepfcsrSwfum xda&mufpGm umuG,fapmifha&SmufEdkifrnf

jzpfygonf/

System Assessment

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Water Treatment Plant

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Water treatment

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a&jzpf&m tenf;ESSifhtrsm; qdkovdk npfnrf;rI½Sdedkifygonf/

System Assessment

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usus tajz&Sm&ygonf/

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a&ay;a&;pepftpdwf

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awm½dkif;owå0grsm;aexdkifrI?zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIESifh ajrtoHk;

csrI? a&a0a&vJa'otwGif; a&npfnrf;rIudk ay:ayguf

apEdkifaom vkyfaqmifcsuf? tem*wfwGif aqmif&Guf&ef

vsmxm;aom pDrHudef;rsm;/

a&\yifudk,ftaetxm;(Oyrm/ /jrpf? a&avSmifuef?

obm0a&uef)?½lyaA'tajctae(t&G,ftpm;?yHko@mef?

a&\tylcsdef)? a&pD;EIef;ESifh yrmPpdwfcsEkdifrI? odkavSmif

yrmP? a&wGifyg0ifonhf ½lyaA'? "gwkaA'? ydk;rTm;aA'

tcsuftvufrsm;? umuG,fxm;rI&Sdr&Sd? vlwdkY\ tjyKtrl

(tyef;ajz? ydkUaqmifa&;ponf)

a&atmif;vTmtrsKd;tpm; (

Confined or Unconfined

aquifer

)ESifh 4if;\Zvblrdtajctae?a&pD;EIef;ESifh pD;oGm;

&m wl&lt&yf? a&jyefvnfjznfhwif;Edkifonfh {&d,mESifh

a&yrmP a&wGif;xdyfwGif umuG,fxm;rIESifh pufa&wGif;

teuf ydkufcsteuf?Zumcsxm;onfY ae&mESifY Zumydkuf

t½Snf/

a&oefYpifrItqifhqifh (aeYpOf vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI

enf;pOf) ? 'DZdkif;tcsufvufrsm;? apmifhMunfhMuyfrwfjcif;?

toHk;jyKaom "gwkaA' "gwfqm;rsm;? oefYpifrI\

xda&mufrItajctae? ydk;owfjcif; qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;/

7

10/ xdef;csKyf&ef enf;vrf;rsm; ½SmazGjcif;

(Identifying Control Measures )

System Assessment

taMumif;&Sif;vif;NyD;aemuf 'kwd,tqifhjzpfonfh

Identify-ing

Control Measure

jzpfonfh tEå&m,fay:aygufvmEdkifonfhtajctaeudk xdef;csKyf&ef

enf;vrf;rsm; &SmazGjcif;udk wifjyygrnf/ þodkYwifjy&mwGif *½kjyK&rnfh tpdwftydkif;BuD;(4)

ckay: rlwnfNyD; aqG;aEG;ygrnf/

(u) a&t&if;tjrpfumuG,fxdef;odrf;a&;

•

_{a&t&if;tjrpf&Sd&m a'owpf0dkufwGif txl;oD;oefYumuG,fapmifha&SmufrI}

(Oyrm? "gwkaA'puf½Hkrsm;? avmifpmqDjznfhwif;onfhae&mrsm; r½Sdap&ef

xdef;csKyfjcif;)

•

_{a& a0a&vJ {&d,mtwGif; vlwdkY\ jyKrlaqmif&GufrIrsm;udk xdef;csKyfjcif;?}

•

_{tnpftaMu;pGefYypf&nfrsm; xdef;csKyfjcif; (}

Domestic and Industrial

)?

•

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xdef;odrf;jcif;wdkYrSm t"duusaom tcsuftvufrsm;jzpfonf/

(c) a&oefYpifjcif;

•

_{aq;a&mí te,fjzpfapNyD;?tenfBuD;xGm;apjcif;ESifh te,fxdkifonfh uefrsm;}

vnfywfrIudk enf;pHepf rSefuefap&ef uGyfuJxdef;csKyfjcif;?

•

_{twnfjyKowfrSwfxm;aom "gwkaA'"gwfqm;ESifh ypönf;rsm;udkom toHk;jyKí}

xdef;csKyfjcif;?

•

_{enf;pHepfESifh enf;pOf rSefuefpGmaqmif&Gufap&ef xdef;csKyfjcif;?}

•

_{cGifhjyKcsufr&SdbJ puf½HktwGif;odkU 0ifa&mufaESmuf,Sufjcif;rSumuG,fí vHkNcHKrI}

½Sd&ef aqmif&Gufjcif;?

(*) a&jzefYjzL;&mü a&ay;a0a&;ydkufpHepf

•

_{a&a0ydkufpepfudk xda&mufpGm xdef;odrf;jcif;?}

•

_{ausmaxmufaemufcH pepfESifh ypönf;rsm;vHkavmufrI&Sdjcif; (vQyfppf ^ tif*sif}

yg0g? tydk ypönf; udd&d,mponf)?

•

_{vHkavmufonfhydk;owfaq; "gwf<uif;&Sdjcif; (}

Adequate Disinfectant Resi-due

)?

•

_{jyifqifxdef;odrf;&mwGif vkdufemaqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; csrSwf}

xm;&Sdjcif;?

•

_{a&zdESdyftm; vkHavmufpGm &&Sdaeap&ef xdef;csKyfjcif;?}

(C) a&a0ydkufroHk;bJa&&Sd&mae&mrS a&ay;a0jcif;? trsm;jynfolESifh rdom;pk

tvdkuf a&ay;a0jcif;

þpepfwGif a,bl,stm;jzifh (4) rsKd;&Sdygonf/

(1) vufwl;a&wGif; (

Dug Well

)

•

_{tkwf? uGefu&pfa*Gcsxm;NyD; tay:ydkif;wGif a&pdrfhr0ifapEdkif&ef o½dk;udkif}

xm;jcif;? tzHk;^trdk;xm;&Sdjcif;?

•

_{wGif;ywfvnf ajray:wGif a&pdrfh r0ifEdkifap&ef orHwvif;cif;xm;jcif;ESifY}

a&Ekwfajrmif; azmufxm;jcif;?

•

_{wwfEdkifvQif vufESdyfwHkuifxm;&Sdjcif; (odkYr[kwf) bHkoHk; a&iifyHk; taowyf}

qif toHk;jyKjcif; (odkYr[kwf) BudK;wyfa&wifyefYwyfxm;jcif;?

(2) wGif;wdrfpufa&wGif; (

Shallow Tubewell

)

•

_{pufa&wGif;xdyfwGif a&pdrfh0ifrIr&Sdap&ef aocsmpGmwnfaqmufxm;jcif;?}

•

_{npfnrf;rIudkjzpfapEdkifaom wGif;tdrfom? wd&pämefarG;jrLa&;? a&qdk;a&tdkif}

rsm;ESifh vHkavmufaom tuGmta0;wGif wnf&Sdjcif;?

(3) umuG,fxm;aom a&uef? (

Improved Pond

)

•

_{aus;½Gm½SdaomufoHk;a&twGufoD;oefUumuG,f xm;aom aomufa&uefrsm;?}

•

_{aomufa&ueftwGif;odkY jyifyrS vlESifhwd&mpämefrsm; r0ifa&mufEdkifap&ef}

um&Hxm;jcif;?

•

_{a&udk a&ueftjyifbufrS vufESdyfyefUwyfíaomf¤if;? a&cyfwGif;i,frS}

a&iifyHk;jzifY a&cyf,ljcif;?

(4) rdk;a&cH,lodkavSmifjcif; (

Roof-catchment Rain Water Collection Tank

)

•

_{tdrfacgifrdk;ESifh a&wHavsmufrsm;wGif zHk? trIduf? iSufowå0gwdkY\ tnpf}

taMu; uif;pifjcif;?

9

11/

WSP

taumiftxnfazmaqmuf½Guf&mwGif Muyfrwfppfaq;&rnfhtcsufrsm;

(

Operational Monitoring Procedures

)

txufazmfjyygZ,m;wGif rvTJraoG pdppfppfaq;vkdufem&rnfh tcsuftvufrsmudk

oifhawmfovdk tusOf;csHK;í azmfjyxm;ygonf/

12/ twnfjyKEdkif&efjyefvnfpDppfjcif; (

Verification

)

System Assessment , Identifying Control Measures and Operational Moni-toring

vkyfief;pOftoD;toD;rS ppfaq;awGY&Sdcsufrsm;onf rsufjrif½kyfydkif;qkdif&m awGY&Sdcsuf

rsm;omjzpfonf? þtcsufrsm;t& ab;tEå&m,ft&yf&yfwdkY ay:aygufvmEdkif&m ,if;wdkU

aMumifh a&\t&nftaoG;udk edrhfusapEdkifonf/ rnfrQedrfhusoGm;onf qdkonfh tcsufudkrl

"gwfcGJprf;oyfMunfYrSom wdusaomtajzay;Edkifonf/ odkYrSomvQif txufwGif az:jy

xm;aomvkyfief;pOfrsm;rS awGY&Sdppfaq;csufrsm; rSefuefaMumif; twnfjyKEdkif rnfjzpfonf/

txufyg ab;tEå&m,frsm;tjyif obm0tm;jzifh a&wGifaysmf0if aeaomusef;rma&;udk

xdckdufEkdifonfh"gwkaA'ypönf;rsm;? bufwD;&D;,m;ydk;rsm;udkvnf; tqdkyg "gwfcGJprf;oyfrI

uom tajzay;Edkiffonfjzpf&m tqdkyg"gwfcGJ prf;oyfrIudk rvGJraoG aqmif&Guf&ayrnf/

2001 ckESpfwGif urmÇUusef;rma&;tzGJUESifY ywf0ef;usifoefY½Sif;a&; |mepdwfwdkY

yl;aygif;í

(pH, Turbidity, EC, Iron, Fluoride, Ammonia, E.Coli,Nitrate, Manganese & Arsenic)

pwifwdkif;wmcJYygonf? pDrHudef;udk awmifay:a'ojzpfonfY anmifa½T? jyifOD;vGif?

tylydkif;a'ojzpfonfY ausmufyef;awmif;? jrpf0uRef;ay:a'ojzpfonfY 0g;c,fr?bdkuav;?

urf;½dk;wef;a'ojzpfonfY oHwGJESifY xm;0,fNrdKUe,frsm;wGif taumiftxnfazmfcJYygonf/

jrefrmEdkifiH\tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHjzpfonfh b*Fvm;a'h(&Sf)EdkifiHwGif tqdyfoifhaponfh

tmqif;epf"gwfudk aomufa&wGif;rsm;wGif awGU&SdrIaMumifh blrdaA'ESifYZvblrdaA' tae

txm;t& qifwlonfh jrefrmEdkifiH\ aomufoHk; a&wGif tmqif;epfESifYtwl wpfygwnf;

Operational parameters

Raw

Wa-ter

Coagula-tion

Sedimen-tation filtration _tion Disinfec- _tem tion sys-

Distribu-pH 9 9 9 9

Turbidity 9 9 9 9 9 9

Dissolved Oxygen 9 ‚ ‚ ‚

Colour 9 ‚ ‚ ‚

Total Dissolved Solids 9 ‚ ‚ ‚

Chemical dosage 9 ‚ 9 ‚

Flow rate 9 9 9 9 ‚

Head loss ‚ ‚ 9 ‚ ‚

Disinfection By-Product ‚ ‚ 9 9

Disinfectant Residue ‚ ‚ 9 9

tjcm;owfrSwfcsuf (9) rsdK;udkvnf;prf;oyf&ef pDrHcsufa&;qGJí 2001 ckESpfwGif

Drinking Water Quality Testing Programme

taejzifY

pwif aqmif&Guf cJhygonf/ tqdkyg tpDtpOfwGif

uGif;oHk;prf;oyfud&d,mrsm;jzifh

Parameter

(10)

ckudk prf;oyfcJYonfhtjyif a&xGufyif&if;? a&t&if;

tjrpfwnf&Sd&m ae&mrsm;\ oefY&Sif;rI tajctae

ppfaq;csuf (

Sanitary Inspection

) wdkUudkyg

wNydKifwnf; jyKvkyfcJhygonf/

4if;

Parameter

(10) rsKd;rSm

tqdkyg

Drinking Water Quality Testing Program

pDrHcsufudk a&t&if;tjrpf

toHk;csa&;OD;pD;|me

(WRUD)

? pnfyifom,ma&;

OD;pD;Xme

(DDA)

ESifY ,leDquf

(UNICEF)

wdkY

yl;aygif;NyD; aqmif½GufcJhygonf? a&t&if;tjrpf

toHk;csa&;OD;pD;XmerS pkpkaygif;a&erlem (4969)

udk NrdKUe,f (97) ck wGifvnf;aumif;? pnfyif

om,ma&;OD;pD;|merS pkpkaygif; a&erlem (4023)

udk NrdKUe,f (145) ck wGifvnf;aumif; toD;oD;

ppfaq;cJh&m pkpkaygif;a&erlem (8992) udk

prf;oyfppfaq;cJYygonf/

oufrSwfcsuf

a&wGufyHkESifh trsm;qHk;cGifhjyKcsuf

,cif(1990) jyifqifNyD;(2006)

(u) usef;rma&;udkxdcdkufaponfh

tcsuftvufrsm;

(1) Faecal Coliforms 0 Coliforms/100 ml 0 Coliforms / 100 ml

(2) Arsenic 0.05 mg/l 0.05 mg/l

(3) Nitrate 10 mg/l (as N) 50 mg/l (as NO3)

(4) Fluoride 1.5 mg/l 1.5 mg/l

(c) usef;rma&;udk rxdcdkufEdkif aomfvnf;

ESpfvkdzG,fr&Sdjcif;udk ay:aygufapEdkifonfh

tcsuftvufrsm;

(1) pH 6.5 to 9.2 6.5 to 8.5

(2) Turbidity 20 NTU 5 NTU

(3) Electrical Conductivity 1500 µs/cm 1500 µs/cm

(4) Iron 1.5 mg/l 1.0 mg/l

(5) Chloride 600 mg/l 250 mg/l

11

tqdkygpDrHcsuft& ppfaq;cJYaom a&erlemrsm;teuf a&t&if;tjrpf toHk;csa&;

OD;pD;|merS ppfaq;cJYaom pkpkaygif;a&erlem (4969) udk "gwfcGJprf;oyfrIt& &&Sdaom tajz

ESifh

Sanitary Inspection

t& &&Sdaomtajzrsm;udkyg wkdufqdkifppfaq; pDppfcJhygonf/

awGY&Sdcsufrsm;udk NrdKUe,ftvdkuf aomfvnf;aumif;? wdkif;ESifhjynfe,ftvdkuf aomfvnf;

aumif;? a&xGufyif&if; trsdK;tpm;tvdkuf aomfvnf;aumif;? jyKpka&;om;wifjy cJhygonf/

owfrSwfcsuf (10) ckteuf usef;rma&;udk rxdcdkufEdkifonfh

pH

ESifh

Turbidity

udkrl

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om xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;cJhygonf/

a&t&if;tjrpftoHk;csa&;OD;pD;XmeESifY pnfyifom,ma&;OD;pD;|mewdkU\ a&erlem

"gwfcGJprf;oyfrItajzrsm;ESifY blrdaA'? ZvblrdaA'qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm; ay:wGif

tajccHNyD; a&wGiftmqif;epf"gwfyg0ifrSKudk qef;ppf&efpkpkaygif;a&erlem(8992) udk ppfaq;

cJhygonf/þodkUppfaq;&mwGifa&t&if;tjrpftoHk;csa&;OD;pD;Xme\ppfaq;csuft& owfrSwf

xm;aom tmqif;epfyg0ifrSK

0.05 mg/l

ausmfvGefaom a&erlem (79) ckESifY pnfyif

om,ma&;OD;pD;|me\ppfaq;csuft& a&erlem(63)awGU½SdcJY&m pkpkaygif; (142) jzpfygonf/

xdkYaemuf vkyfief;cGifusef;rma&;XmecGJ?usef;rma&;OD;pD;|merS jynfe,fESifYwdkif;(10)

ckwGif½Sdaom NrdKUe,faygif; (47)ck\ &yfuGufESifYaus;½Gmaygif; (6300)wGif½Sdaom

a&erlemaygif; (210000)cefYudk prf;oyfcJU&m (8) &mcdkifESKef;cefUonf owfrSwfxm;aom

tmqif;epfyg0ifrSKyrmP

0.05 mg/l (50 ppb)

xufjrifYrm;aeonfudk awGU½Sd&ygonf/

qufvufí tqdkygtcsuftvufrsm;ay:rlwnfNyD; aq;vufawGYokawoe|mecGJ?

aq;okawoeOD;pD;Xme (atmufjrefrmjynf) u tmqif;epfyg0ifrSK rsm;jym;aom a'o

rsm;jzpfonfY {&m0wDwdkif;rS (5)NrdKUe,fESifY yJcl;wdkif;rS (5)NrdKYe,fwdkYwGif½Sd aus;½Gmaygif; (146)

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pOf

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1/

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9

9

2/

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7

7

3/

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2

4/

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4

4

5/

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6

6

12

7/

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33

35

8/

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19

14

33

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15

10

25

10/

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14

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20

11/

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11

16

27

12/

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9

17

26

13/

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23

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9

9

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145

242

(

Arsenicosis

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vl(2)OD;udk awGU½Sd&ygonf/

,ckprf;oyfaqmif&Gufrnfh a&SUajy;avhvmcsuf (

Pilot Study

) wGifrl owfrSwfcsuf

(10) ck pvHk;tjyif

Lead, Manganese and Zinc

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oHk;oyfwifjyoifUygonf? tu,fía&ay;a&;pepfwGif ydk;rTm;aoapaom uvdk&if;cyfygu

a&erlemxJ½Sd uvdk&if;"gwft<uif; (

Residual Chlorine

) yrmPudk od½SdedKif&ef?

a&jzefYa0a&;ydkufvdkufwpfavsmuf aq;cyfaomae&mrS rDwm (1000)cefYwGif wpfae&mESifh

ydkuftqHk;wGif wpfae&mpkpkaygif;(2)ae&mwGif prf;oyfoifhygonf/ uvdk&if;"gwfaq;

tMuGif;onf a&jzefYa0a&;ydkufvdkif;\ ta0;qHk; ae&mwGif

0.2 mg/l

½SdoifYygonf/

Verification

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System Assessment Iden-tifying Control Measure and Operational Monitoring

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Sanitary Inspection

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onf/

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Faecal Coliform

ryg&Sdjcif;?

Arsenic, Fluoride

ESifh

Iron

rsm;jym;aejcif;?

-pufa&wGif;rSa&onf

Faecal coliform

tqrwefrsm;jym;aejcif;? aemufusd

aejcif;?

Nitrate

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aomfvnf;aumif;? a&erlem&,l prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;udkaomf vnf;aumif;?

jyefvnfjyKvkyfNyD; xyfrHpdppf twnfjyK &efvdktyfygonf/

13/

pDrHcefYcGJa&;enf;vrf;rsm; (

Management Procedures

)

pDrHudef;wpfckckudk

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onf/ pDrHudef;atmifjrifa&;onf vl? aiG? ypönf;? enf;pepf? pDrHcefYcGJrI? pufud&d,mESifh

tvkyf vkyfcsifonfh pdwf"gwf (

Men, Money, Materials, Methods, Management, Machinery and Motivation 7 M )

ay:rlwnfonfjzpf&m

Management

onf vlom;wdkY\

vkyfaqmifcsufESifh pGrf;yum;jzpfí pDrHcefYcGJrSK aumif;vQifaumif;oavmuf wdk;wufatmif

jrifrnf jzpfonf/

•

_{þpDrHudef;udk taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Guf&rnfholrsm;taejzifY t&nftcsif;}

jynfh0ae&ygrnf/ vdktyfygu ,if;wdkYtwGuf taxmuftuljzpfapjcif;iSm oifwef;

ydkYcs avhusifhay;&ef vkdtyfygonf/

•

_{vkdtyfaom&efyHkaiG½Sd&efvnf;vdktyfygonf/okdYrSompDrHcsuf (odkUr[kwf) pDrHudef;}

wpfckudk tprS tqHk;wdkif NyD;pD;atmif taumiftxnfazmfEdkifayrnf/

13

jyKpkxm;onfUtwdkif; vdkufemonfY enf;pepfvnf; ½Sd&efvkdtyfygonf/

•

_{pDrHcefYcGJrIqdkonfrSm tvGefus,fjyefYNyD; ta&;ygt&ma&mufonfh? tkyfcsKyfa&;?}

b@ma&;? vkyfief;aqmif&Gufa&;tjyif txufwGifazmfjyxm;aom

7M

vHk;

tusHK;0ifonf/ owfrSwfumvtwGif; tcsdefESifYwajy;nD acsmarmpGm aqmif&Guf

Edkifa&;? ay:aygufvmaom jyóem t&yf&yfudk rSefuefpGmqHk;jzwfí ajz&Sif;

ay;Edkifa&;? qufoG,frI tqifhqifhudk acsmarGUpGm aqmif&Gufa&; wkkYdyg0ifonf/

a&ay;a&;pepfwpfckudk

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tcsuf wpfckck aMumifh rvdkvm;onfh tjzpftysuf (

Incident

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•

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rvkduf emjcif;?

•

_{a&qdk;a&npfrsm;jyKjyifonfhpepf cRwf,Gif;rIaMumifh tnpftaMu;rsm;? a&t&if;}

tjrpf twGif;odkY pD;0ifjcif;?

•

_{ab;Oy'fjzpfapEdkifaom "gwkypönf;rsm;a&t&if;tjrpfxJodkY a&muf&Sdvmjcif;?}

•

_{vQyfppf^ tif*sifyg0g jywfawmufojzifh yHkrSefrvnfywfEdkifjcif;?}

•

_{a&a0a&vJa'oü vGefuJpGmrdk;&GmoGef;jcif;?}

•

_{a&a0a&vJa'oü opfawmrsm;tvGeftuRHckwfvSJjcif;?}

•

_{a&aemufusdrIonf omrefxuf vGefuJvmjcif;?}

•

_{a&\t&om? teYYHESifh ta&miftqif; ajymif;vJrSK rsm;jym;vmjcif;?}

•

_{ab;Oy'fay;Edkifaom ydk;rTm;rsm;omrefxuf vGefuJpGm rsm;jym;vmjcif;?}

•

_{jynfolYusef;rma&;qdkif&m nTef;udef;jzpfaom a&aMumifhjzpfay:onfha&m*grsm; xlajym}

vmjcif;?

þodkY rarQmfvifhbJ rvdkvm;onfh tjzpftysufay:aygufvmygu atmufygtcsuf

tvufrsm; udk tajccHí pHkprf;avhvm&ygrnf/

•

_{jyóemay:ayguf&onfhtaMumif;&if;?}

•

_{ay:aygufvmaom jyóemudk rnfodkYrnfyHkaz:xkwf owfrSwfEdkifcJYjcif;?}

•

_{ta&;BuD;qHk;ESifh tvdktyfqHk; taejzifh aqmif&GufEdkifrnfY udpö&yfrsm;?}

•

_{xdxda&mufa&muf aqmuf½GufedkifcJYonfh qufoG,frSKudpö&yfrsm;?}

•

_{csufjcif;vufiif; ay:aygufvmrnfUudpö&yfrsm;ESifh a&&SnfwGifBuHKawGU &zG,f½SdonfY}

udpö&yfrsm;?

•

_{csrSwfxm;aom ta&;ay:wHkUjyefrIpDrHcsuf (}

Emergency Response Plan

) onf

xda&mufrI &Sd r½SdoHk;oyfjcif;?

14/ qufoG,fynmay;jcif; (

Communication

)

Communication

udkqufoG,fa&;[k bmomjyefcJYojzifY ½kyf0xåKrsm; toHk;jyK quf

oG,faom ydkYaqmifqufoG,fa&;ESifh a&maxG;avY½SdojzifY vltjcif;jcif; todynmjzefYjzL;a&;

twGuf qufoG,fjcif;udk

qufoG,fynmay;jcif;

[k bmomjyefygonf/qufoG,f&onfY

&nf½G,fcsufxJwGifowif;ay;jcif; (

Information

)ESifYtwl todynmtwwfynmjzefYjzL;jcif;

(

Education

)yg yg0ifygonf/odkY&mwGif owif;ay;jcif;?jyefMum;jcif;rsm;wGif toHk;jyKonfY

enf;ynmESifY rD'D,majrmufrsm;pGm ½SdonfYteuf uGefjyLwm enf;ynmudk toHk;jyKaom

(

Information Technology

)ESifY a&maxG;vsuf ½Sdaeygonf? vlwktajcjyK

Water Safety Plan

wGif owif;tcsuftvufay;&mü pufypönf; (

IT

) rsm;xuf wefzdk;½Sdaom vlvljcif;

qufoG,frSK taMumif;udkom OD;pm;ay;oifYygonf/

qufoG,fynmay;jcif;enf;vrf;pOfrsm;wGif vufcH&½Sdaom vlwpfOD;csif;? rdom;pkESifY

tzGJYtpnf;tvkduf todynm (

Knowledge

) jrifYrm;vmjcif;? ¤if;tay:rSDí oabmxm;

(

Attitude

)ajymif;vJvmjcif;? odxm;onfrsm;udk vufawGYusifYoHk;EdkifonfY uRrf;usifrSk

(

Skills

) rsm;&½Sdvmjcif;? &½Sdaom uRrf;usifrSKrsm;udk toHk;csjcif; (

Practice

) rsm;ay:ayguf

vm&ef arQmfrSef;xm;aomfvnf; xda&mufrSK (

Impact

) ESifYajymif;vJrSK(

Change

) jzpfay:rSK

tm;eJygonf? odkYjzpfí acwfay:enf;ynmrsm;udktoHk;jyKum tjyKtrlaumif;rsm; jzpfxGef;

vmaprnfY xda&mufaom qufoG,fynmay;jcif; (

Communication and Behavioral Impact

) ESifY tjyKtrlajymif;vJapaom todynmay;jcif; (

Behavioral Change Communication

) enf;pOfrsm;ay:aygufvmygonf?xdkYtjyifomrefvkyf½dk; vkyfpOfrsKd;r[kwfyJ

ta&;ay:tEå&m,fusa&mufEdkifrnfY tajctaerskKd;wGif vlxktaejzifY csufjcif;vdkufem

aqmif½GufEdkifpGrf; jrSifYwifay;onfY ab;tEå&m,fumuG,fa&; ynm ay;jcif; (

Risk Communication

) enf;pOfrsm;udkvnf; wdk;wuf toHk;jyKvsuf½Sdygonf/

Water Safety Plan

wGif vlom;wdkU\ usef;rma&;twGuf xda&mufaom tjyKtrl

ajymif;vJjcif;rsm; ay:ayguf vufcHusifYoHk;vmap&efomru tajctae tcsdeftcgt&

ab;tEå&m,f umuG,fa&; ynmay;jcif;rsm;udkyg jyKvkyf&ygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifY a&xJwGif

tmqif;epfac: pdefjzL "gwftEå&m,f½Sdavmufatmif yg0ifaeaMumif; od½SdvQif atmufajcrS

wm0ef½SdoltaejzifY orm;½kd;us twdkif;vkyfí r&yJ

Risk Communication

udk rvGJrae

jyKvkyf&ygrnf/

vlwdkY\aomufa&oHk;a&pdwfcs&rSK ½Sd^r½Sdppfaq;&olwpfOD;taejzifY vlxkESifYxdawGU

qufqHae&onf jzpfíqufoG,fynmay;a&;vkyfief;ESifY ruif;Edkifyg? oH"gwfrsm;jcif;?

xHk;"gwfrsm;jcif;? tief"gwfrsm;jcif;wdkUudk awGY½SdygvQif tqifYqifY tpD&ifcHjcif;? nTefMum;csuf

udkapmifYqdkif;í oufqdkif&mvlxkodkY taMumif;jyefjcif;rsm;udk tcsdef,lí jyKvkyfEdkifygonf?

vlxktaeESifYvnf; rdrdwdkY tawGYtBuHKt& od½SdNyD;jzpfí ta&;ay:jyóem r[kwfvQif

csufjcif; jyKjyif&ef rvdktyf[k qHk;jzwfrnfjzpfygonf/ cJ"gwf?pdefjzL"gwf?jy'g;"gwfwdkY a&wGif

yg0ifaeaMumif;odNyDqdkvQifrl vlxk taejzifY jrefjrefodav tusKd;½Sdavjzpfygonf? a&t&nf

taoG;ppfaq;olonf 0efxrf; jzpfap?apwemY0efxrf;jzpfap vlxkudkqDavsmfaom owif;

tcsuftvufrSwfcsuf (

Feedback

)ay;&efwm0ef½Sdavonf/

15

qifYu aqmif½Guf&eftcsdef,l&ygonf? owif;tcsufcdkifrmzdkY taxmuftxm; (

Evidence Based

) ½SmazGí w&m;0ifxkwfjyef&mwGif &vm'fudk tjyefjyeftvSefvSef ppfaq;NyD;

cdkifvHkrSK½SdrS xkwfjyef&onfrSefaomfvnf; aus;vufa'o atmufajcrS

a&xGufyif&if;ydkif½Sifrdom;pkESifY vlxktaeESifY tcsdefMumMumrapmifYEkdifyg? ¤if;wdkY twGuf

qufoG,fynmay;rSK wpfckckudk vsifjrefpGm jyKvkyfEdkifrSom BuHKawGU&rnfU tEå&m,frS ouf

omcGifY&rnfjzpfygonf/

atmufajcwGif vlvljcif; qufoG,fynmay;&mü xkwfjyefrnfY owif;tcsuftvuf

(

Message

) onf vlxktaeESifY owdjyKvmap&ef (

Awareness

) twGufomjzpfNyD; pdk;&drf

xdwfvefYap&ef (

Alarm

)r[kwfyg/ atmufajctqifY wm0ef½SdoltaejzifY a&aomufoHk;

olwdkY ab;Eå&m,fuif;ap&ef csifYcsifY csdefcsdef tBuHjyK&ef vdktyfaomfvnf; qHk;jzwfcsufay;&ef

wm0efr½Sdyg? wm0eftqifYausmf,lí r&aMumif;udkvnf; od½Sdxm;&ef vdktyfygonf/

&yf½GmtwGif;tpOftvmt& aomufoHk;aeaom a&xGufyif&if;rsm;wGifvnf; wpfcg

wpf&H rvdkvm;tyfaom ab;tEå&m,f½Sdaom tajctaersdK; jzpfay:vmwwfygonf?

xdktajctaersKd;wGif wm0ef½Sdol 0efxrf;jzpfap? apwem0efxrf;jzpfap ¤if;taejzifY

rnfolUudk rnfodkU qufoG,fí owif;tcsuftvufay;ydkYjcif;? nTefMum;csuf tBuHjyK

csufrsm;udk &yf½GmtwGif; vkyfydkifcGifU ½Sdolrsm;ESifY yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufjcif; ab;tEå&m,f

ajz½Sif;jcif; (

Risk Management

) rsm;udkyg jyKvkyf&efvdkygonf? þodkYaqmif½Guf&mwGif

vsifjrefxda&mufrSK ½Sd&eftwGuf &yf½GmtwGif; qufoG,fynmay;a&; uGef,ufrsm;

(

Communication Networks

) udk zGJYpnf;xm;jcif;? tvTmtvdkuf (&yf½Gm? NrdKUe,f wdkif;?

jynfe,f? A[dk) uGef,ufrsm;ESifY csdwfqufaqmif½Gufjcif;? vkyfief;tvdkuf? uRrf;uRifrSK

tvdkufyHYydk;EdkifrSKtvdkuf uGef,ufrsm; zGJYpnf;NyD; csdwfqufaqmif½Gufjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyf&ygrnf/

(Oyrm/ / 0rf;ysuf0rf;avsmjzpfcsdefü aq;cwfjcif;? a&oG,fpHepfrsm;udk jyKjyifjcif;?)

tu,fü rdrdwdkU toHk;jyKaeaom a&xGufyif&if;onf yk*¾vdu odkYr[kwf trsm;qdkif

aomufoHk;a& ay;a0a&;pepfjzpfcJYvQifrl oufqdkif&m |me?tzGJYtpnf; ukrÜPDodkY qufoG,f

taMumif;Mum;jcif;? vdktyfvQif ta&;,laqmif½Gufay;EdkifpGrf;½SdonfY yk*¾dKvf? |me?tzGJYtpnf;

odkY taMumif;Mum;wdkifMum;jcif;wdkUudk jyKvkyf&ygrnf? þwGif rvdkvm;tyfaom xljcm;jzpfpOf

wpfck jzpfay:vmrS enf;vrf;½SmrnfYtpm; BudKwif enf;vrf;rsm;½SmazG jyifqifxm;&ef

vdkygrnf/

a&t&nftaoG;pdwfcs&atmif xdrf;odef;&ol wpfa,muf? wpfzGJYtaejzifY a&xGuf

yif&if;rS xGufvmrnfYa&\ pdwfcs&rSkudk a&½SnfcHatmif xdrf;odef;&ef wm0ef½Sdayonf? odkY

jzpfí a&xGufyif&if;ywf0ef;usif (

Environment

)ESifY a&&,lxm;onfY a'o (

Catchment Area

) rsm;wGif; a&t&nftaoG;xdcdkufapEdkifonfY taMumif;&if;rsm;udk ½SmazGavUvmjyKjyif

jcif;? aemifwGif jzpfay:vmEdkifonfY usef;rma&; jyóemrsm;udk arQmfrSef;jyifqifumuG,fjcif;

wdkYudk jyKvkyfay;&efvdktyfygonf? Oyrmtm;jzifY a&xGufyif&if; teD;em;ü t0wfavQmfjcif;?

a&csKd;jcif; wd&pämefrsm;0ifa&mufjcif; teD;uyfí tdrfomrsm;aqmufxm;jcif;?

Catchment Area

üvlrsm;oGm;a&muf aexdkifjcif;ponfwdkUudk avYvmpl;prf;í owif;ay;ydkYjcif;? tpD

&ifcHjcif;? jyKjyif&efpDpifjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyf&ygrnf/

rsm;udk ZD0vHkNcHKrSK (

Bio Security

) ½Sdatmif pnf;pepfwus arG;jrLa&;? vufoefY½Sif;a&;rS

tpjyKaom wpfudk,fa& oefY½Sif;a&;? tpm;tpmoefY½Sif;a&; rD;zdktp½Sdaom tdrfwGif;tdrfjyif

oefY½Sif;a&; wdkYudk pepfwus wpfNydKifeuf jyKvkyfoGm;zdkY vdkayonf? rdom;pkoefY½Sif;a&;

(

Home Hygiene

) vkyfief;rsm;ESifYtwl &yf½GmoefY½Sif;a&;wGif ta&;ygaom aps;?

pm;aomufqdkif? ausmif;tp½SdonfY ae&mrsm;\ oefY½Sif;a&;udkyg wdk;csJY aqmif½Guf&ayonf/

txufyg tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkpnf;vdkufvQif aomufoHk;a& vHkNcHKpdwfcs&a&;

twGuf pDpOf aqmif½Gufolrsm;onf

(1) a&t&nftaoG; ppfaq;&mwGif qufoG,fynmay;jcif;/

(2) a&xGufyif&if;rsm;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,f½SdvmcsdefwGif qufoG,fynmay;jcif;/

(3) a&t&nftaoG; wdk;wufatmifajz½Sif;&mwGif qufoG,faqmif½Gufjcif;/

(4) aomufoHk;a&vHkNcHK pdwfcs&a&; a&½SnfcHatmif xdrf;odef;&ef aqmif½Gufjcif;/

(5) a&t&nftaoG;udk vTrf;rdk;aeonfY taMumif;&if;rsm; azmfxkwfajz½Sif;&mwGif

qufoG,fynmay;jcif;/

(6) usef;rma&;tusKd;oufa&mufrSK jzpfxGef;ap&ef wpfudk,fa& oefY½Sif;a&;

rdom;pkoefY½Sif;a&;? tpm;oefY½Sif;a&;ESifY ywf0ef;usif oefY½Sif;a&; qdkif&m

qufoG,fynmay;jcif;/

(7) todynm twwfynmrsm;udkvlxktajcjyK vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzpfay: vmatmif

pDrHcsufrsm;

pepfrsm;csrSwftaumiftxnfazmf&mwGif yHYydkjcif;/

ponfY vkyfief; (7) &yfudk qufpyfaqmif½GufoGm;&rnfjzpfygonf/

xdkUaMumifY qufoG,fynmay;a&; yHYydk;rSK tpDtpOf (

Communication Support Programme

)tjzpf pDrHcsufa'o twGif; vlxkudk,fwdkif wm0ef,l aqmif½Gufaom quf

oG,f ynm ay;a&;pDrHcsufrsm; csrSwfaqmif½GufEdkif&ef yHYydk;jcif;(

Facilitation

) jyKvkyfoGm;

zdkYvdktyf ygonf/

15/ rSwfwrf;jyKpkjcif;

(

Documentation

)

WSP

aqmif&Guf&mwGif atmufyg tcsuftvufrsm;udk jyKpkí rSwfwrf;xm;&Sd&rnf?

(u)

a&ay;a&; pepfwpfckvHk;\ taetxm;ESifh pepfazmfjycsuf (&Edkifygu

ajryHktygt0if)

(c) Muyfrwfppfaq;jcif;ESifY twnfjyKEdkif&ef jyefvnfpDppfjcif; (

Monitoring

and verification

) aqmif&GufEkdif&ef vkyfief;pDrHcsuf csrSwfjciff; ?

(*) omreftcsdefwGif aomfvnf;aumif;? rarQmfvifhbJ ay:aygufvmonfh

jyóemrsm; twGufaomfvnf;aumif;? ta&;ay: tajctaewGif

aomfvnf;aumif; vHkNcHK pdwfcs&aom aomufoHk;a& pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;

(

Water safety management procedures

) rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;&Sdjcif;ESifh

qufoG,fa&; pDrHcsufrsm;udkyg jyKpkxm;&Sdjcif;?

17

txufyg tcsuftvufrsm;udk rlwnfí atmufyg tcsuf (5)csufukd (

Record

)

rSwfwrf; wifxm;&rnf/

(u) taxmuftuljyK rSwfwrf;rsm;

(c) vkyfief;vnfywf&mwGif apmifhMuyfMunfh½I&ef twnfjyKxm;onfh tcsuf

tvufrsm;t& ppfaq;&mwGif ay:aygufawGY&Sdonfh tajctae? jzpfay:&m

ae&m? awGY&Sdcsuf &vm'frsm;

(*) rarQmfvifhbJay:aygufcJhonfh jyóem tjzpftysufrsm; t& ppfaq;awGY&SdcsufESifh

ay:ayguf cJhonfh jzpf&yfrsm;?

(C) toHk;jyKcJhaom enf;pepfESifh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm; (

Methods and procedures

)

(i) 0efxrf;rsm;tygt0if? taumiftxnfazmf aqmif½Gufoltm; avhusifhoifMum;

a&; tpDtpOfrsm;/

16/ tBuHjyKcsuf (

Suggestion

)

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwGif

oefY&Sif; pdwfcs&aom aomufoHk;a& &&Sda&;pDrHudef;

udk 1980^81 ckESpfrS aZmufcsaqmif&GufcJhygonf/ xdkpOfu vlOD;a& vTrf;NcHKrIrSm NrdKUrsm;wGif

(36)&mcdkifEIef;? aus;vufwGif (14)&mcdkifEIef;? wpfjynfvHk;twGuf (18)&mcdkifEIef;

om&SdcJhaomfvnf; 2003 ckESpfwGif aumuf,lcJhaom udef;*Pef;rsm; t& NrdKUrsm;twGuf

(92)&mcdkifEIef;? aus;vuftwGuf (74)&mckdifEIef;? wpfjynfvHk; twGuf (79)&mcdkifEIef; txd

wdk;wufvmygonf/

þodkY wdk;wufvmaom vlO;Da& vTrf;NcHKrIudk qufvufwdk;wufatmif aqmif&Guf&ef

vkdovdk a&\t&nftaoG;udkvnf; rusqif;oGm;atmif xdef;odrf;&ygrnf/ odkYrSom jynf

olvlxkwdkYonf usef;rma&;ESifh nDnGwfaom pdwfcs&onfh aomufoHk;a&udk &,loHk;pGJNyD;?

a&m*gb,rS uif;a0;Edkifygrnf/

pdwfcs&aom aomufoHk;a&udk &,loHk;pGJEdkif&ef wm0ef&SdtzGJUtpnf; toD;oD;wdkYonf

rdrdwdkY\ tpDtpOfjzifh a&S;uyifvQif aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdMuygonf/ wdwdusus owfrSwf

xm;aom vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm; vdktyfaeqJjzpfygonf? MuyfrwfuGyfuJrnfh tzGJUtpnf;vnf;

wdwdusus zGJUpnf;&ef vdktyfaeygonf? jyóemay: aygufvmonfY tajctaeudkvkdufí

oifhavsmf&m umuG,fjyKjyifa&; udpö&yfrsm;udk aqmif½GufcJYaMumif; awGY½Sd&ygonf/

17/ usrf;udk;pm&if; (

References

)

1. Analysis and Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in Selected Rural Areas of Myanmar, Apirl,2002

2. Arsenic, Drinking-water and Health Risk, Substitution in Arsenic Mitigation: A Discussion Paper, WHO, 2003

3. Arsenic Mitigation Project, Presentation paper by Occupational Health Division, DOH, 2006

4. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Second Edition (1997), Volume 3 “

Surveillance and Control of Community Supplies

5. Meeting the MDG drinking Water and Sanitation Target, The urban and rural challenge of the Decade, World Health Organization and UNI CEF,2006

6. Orientation Workshop on the new third edition, WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality ( Power-point Presentations), 22 to 23, June, 2006

7. Pro-formas for Dug Well, Tubewell, Communal Rainwater Harvesting, Pond Sand Filter, Rural piped Water Supply from Spring Sources Water Safety Plans, ITN-BUET & DPHE , 1st Edition, Bangladesh, November, 2004

8. Report on Drinking Water Quality Surveillance and Monitoring System,

Environmental Sanitation Division, 2001

9. Studies on Active Cases Detection of Arsenicosis in Myanmar, Presenta-tion Paper by Clinical Research Division, Department of Medical Re-search (Lower Myanmar), 2006

10. Water Safety Plans, Managing drinking-water quality from catchment to consumer, Water, Sanitation and Health, Protection and Human Environ-ment, WHO, Geneva, 2005

11. WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Third Edition (2004) Volume 1 , Recommendation, Chapter 4 Water Safety Plan

12. Water Safety Plan for Dug Well, Hand Tubewell, RWHS and Pond Sand Filter in Rural Water Supply System, ITN-BUET & DPHE , 2nd Second Version, Bangladesh, April, 2006

19

WSP

_{ESifh ywfoufaom a0g[m&rsm;udk jrefrmbmom jyefqdkcsuf}

1 Action Plan Information

₁

aqmif&Guf&efpDrHcsufqdkif&m

owif;tcsuftvufrsm;

2 Activity

₂

_{vkyfief; aqmif&Gufcsuf}

3 Basis

₃

_{tajccH taMumif;&if;}

4 Catchment area

₄

_a&a0a&vJa'o

5 Control Measure

₅

_{xdef;csKyf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;}

6 Description

₆

_azmfjycsuf

7 Frequency

₇

_BudrfESKef;

8 Ground water

₈

_ajratmufa&

9 Hazard

₉

_{ab;Oy'f?ab;EÅ&m,f}

10 Hazard analysis

₁₀

_{ab;Oy'f usa&mufrI qef;ppfcsuf}

11 Hazardous Event

₁₁

_{ab;Oy'fjzpf&yf}

12 Monitoring

12

Muyfrwfppfaq;jcif;

13 Operational Monitoring Schedule

₁₃

_{vkyfief;vnfywfrI Muyfrwfppfaq;jcif;Z,m;}

14 Process description

14

vkyfief;pOf tqifhqifh azmfjycsuf

15 Process flow chart / schedule

₁₅

_{vkyfief;pOf tqifhqifh vrf;aMumif;Z,m;}

16 Process step

₁₆

_{vkyfief;pOftqifh}

17 Risk

₁₇

_{tEå&m,f jzpfEdkifajc}

18 Supporting Program

₁₈

_{yhHydk;rItpDtpOf}

19 Surface water

₁₉

_ajray:a&

20 Target

₂₀

_{OD;wnfcsuf^ arQmfrSef;csuf}

21 Target group

₂₁

_OD;wnftkyfpk

22 Technology description

₂₂

_{enf;ynm qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;}

23 Verification

23

twnfjyKEdkif&ef jyefvnfpDppfjcif;

24 Water quality requirement

24

a&t&nftaoG; vkdtyfcsuf

aomufoHk;a& vHkNcHKpdwfcs&a&;pDrHudef;

vufwl;a&wGif;

21

aemufqufwGJ (u)

yHkpH(ovpp 1)

aomufoHk;a& vHkNcHKpdwfcs&a&;pDrHudef;

vufwl;a&wGif;

(Dug Well) (DW)

(u)

erlem

trSwf

---

(c) ppfaq;onfh&ufpGJ ---

(*) aus;&Gmtkyfpk

^&yfuGuf ---

(C) aus;&Gm

^

vrf;tydkif;

---

(i) ydkifqdkifoltrnf ---

(trsm;ydkif?

tzGJYtpnf;ydkif?

yk*¾vduydkif)

(p) wnfae&m

(twdtus) ---

(q) tydkifusef;rma&;|meESifY|mecGJ

---

(1) ppfaq;&mwGifyg0ifaqmif&Gufolrsm;

( The Water Safety Plan Team )

(2) a&ay;a&;vkyfief;tqifhqifh

az:jycsuf

(Water Supply Process Description )

pOf

tqifh

vkyfief;tao;pdwf az:jycsuf

1/

a&t&if;tjrpf

Water Source

ajratmufa&udk vufwl;wGif;us,f wl;azmfí &,l

xm;NyD;h BudK;wyf a&iifyHk;^ vufESdyfyefY ^ BudK;wyf

vufvSnfYyefY wdkYjzifY a&xkwf,l oHk;pGJonfhpepf/

2/

a&jzefYjzL;jcif;^o,f,ljcif;

Distribution and Trans-portation of Water

a&udk toHk;jyKrnfYae&modkY a&yHk;? a&pnfwdkYjzifh

o,f,lonf/

3/

tdrfwGif a&odkavSmifrSK

Storage at Home

o,ff,lvmonfha&udk rdrdwdkY tdrf&Sd a&tdk;?pOfYtdk;?

a&uef?a&pnf jzifh odkavSmifxm;&Sdygonf/

4/

xdef;csKyf&ef udpö

Control Measure

tdrfwGifodkavSmifxm;onfha& npfnrf;rSKr½Sdap&ef/

BudK;wyfa&iifyHk;toHk;jyKygu 4if;ypönf;rsm; oefY&Sif;

pifMu,f ap&efESifY wwfEdkifvQif bHkoHk;BudK;wyf a&iif

yHk;udk taowyfqif toHk;jyK&ef/

a&wGif;wGif wHkuifyefYwyfxm;ygu ]]csLa&}} oef&Sif;

ap&ef/

BudK;wyfvufvSnfYyefY wyfqifxm;ygu tzHk;

zHk;xm;&ef/

5/

a&t&nftaoG;

Water Quality

23

(3) a&t&nftaoG;

( Water Quality )

rSwfcsuf/

trSwfpOf (1) rS (4) txdonf usef;rma&;udk xdckdufEdkifygonf/

trSwfpOf (5) rS (11) txdonf usef;rma&;udk rxdckdufEdkifaomfvnf; tq

rwef rsm;jym;ygu oHk;pGJolrsm;u rESpfoufí vufrcHyg/

t&nftaoG;ppfaq;&mwGif vuf&SdowfrSwftoHk;jyKaeaom 2006 ckESpf

t&nf taoG;udk pH tjzpfowfrSwfxm;ygonf/

pOf

t&nftaoG;vdktyfcsuf

vkdtyf&onfhtaMumif;&if;

1/

ab;tEå&m,fjzpfapaom ydk;rTm;? "gwf

owåKESifh "gwkaA'ypönf;rsm; yg0ifrI

oHk;pGJoljynfolvlxk usef;rma&;udk

umuG,f apmifha&Smuf&ef?

2/

ab;tEå&m,frjzpfapaomfvnf;aomuf

oHk;ol jynfolvlxkwdkYu vufrcHEdkif

onfh ½kyfydkif;qkdif&mESifh "gwkaA'ypönf;

rsm; yg0ifrI

usef;rma&;udkrxddckdufapumrl a&onf

tqif;? teHYH? t&omESifh aemufusdrI

vGefuJpGm yg0ifaeygu 4if;a&udk roHk;

bJ tjcm;Munfvifaomfvnf; ydk;rTm;

rsm;ygEdkifaoma&udkoHk;pGJrdrnfjzpf ojzifh

usef;rma&;xdcdkufEdkifaMumif;usef;rma&;

todynmay;jcif;udk atmufajctxd

aqmif&Guf&ef/

3/

aomufoHk;a& t&nftaoG;

owfrSwfcsuf

Sr. Parameter Guideline Value

1. E-Coli 0 count / 100 ml 2. Arsenic 0.05 mg/l

3. Fluoride 1.5 mg/l 4. Nitrate 50 mg/l (as NO3 )

5. Turbidity 5 NTU 6. pH 6.5 to 8.5

7. E C 1500 µS/cm 8. Manganese 0.3 mg/l 9. Iron 1.0 mg/l 10. Chloride 250 mg/l 11. Hardness 500 mg/l (as CaCO3 )

Result

1. count / 100 ml 2. mg/l

3. mg/l 4. mg/l

5. NTU 6.

(4) enf;ynm

qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;

(Technology Description )

pOf

jzpf&yftaMumif;&if;

tcsuftvufazmfjycsuf

1/

'DZdkif;yHkpH

or½dk;usyHkpH? a'otvdkufyHkpH? a&wGif;abmif?

yvufazmif;? a&Ekwfajrmif;/

2/

toHk;jyKypönf;

_{tkwf a*G? uGefu&d? opfom;abmifcyf? a&wGif;zHk;/}

3/

a&t&if;tjrpfumuG,f

xm;&SdrI

wGif;ygwfvnfoHrHwvif; yvufazmif;ESifY a&qdk;

ajrmif;/

4/

tusKd;cHpm;&onfhvlOD;a&

_OD;

.

5/

pwiftoHk;rjyKrD a&t&nf

taoG; prf;oyfrI

&Sd ^r&Sd? oifh ^ roifh/

6/

tjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;

_{-a&wGif;twGif;ü}

_Lining

_&Sd^r&Sd

&Sdygu toHk;jyKxm;onfh ypönf; ---/

-a&wGif;abmif ajray:wGif &Sd^r&Sd

&Sdygu tjrifhay ---/

-a&wGif;ywfvnfoHrHwvif;tcif; &Sd ^r&Sd?

&Sdygu oHrHwvif; tus,fay ---/

-oHrHwvif;tcif;rS a&udkta0;odkY

xkwf,lonfha&ajrmif; &Sd ^r&Sd

-wGif;tus,f (twGif;) --- ay/

-wGif;\ pkpkaygif;teuf --- ay/

-a&aeay

( ajray:rS-a&rsufESmjyiftxdtuGmta0;)

-a&xkwf,lonfhpHepf

BudK;wyfa&iifyHk; ( )?

vufESdyfyefY ( )?

BudK;wyfvufvSnfYyefY ( )?

vSsyfppf^tif*sifoHk;yefY ( )?

25

(5) vkyfief;tqifhqifh

vrf;aMumif;Z,m;

( Process Flow Chart / schedule )

pOf

oauFw

tqifhwnf&SdrIae&m

wm0ef,ljcif;

1/

DW 1

a&yif&if;(a&a0a&vJ)

oufqdkif&mtzGJYtpnf;

^jynfol

2/

DW 2

a&yif&if;( ajratmufa&)

oufqdkif&mtzGJYtpnf;

^jynfol

3/

DW 3

vufwl;a&wGif;

xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufol

4/

DW 4

a&wifenf; pHepf

xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufol

5/

DW 5

a&yHk;?a&pnfjzifh cH,ljcif;

&Gmol&Gmom;rsm; ? jynfolrsm;

6/

DW 6

a&udk tdrfodkYo,f,ljcif;

&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;? jynfolrsm;

7/

DW 7

tdrfwGiftoHk;jyK&ef

a&udkodkavSmifxm;½SdrI

tdrf&Sif (tdrfoltdrfom;)

(6) ab;Oyg'fqef;ppfjcif;? vufwl;wGif;

( Hazard Analysis of Dug Well)

vkyfief;pOftqifh

( Process Step)

ab;Oyg'fjzpf&yf

( Hazardous

Event)

(Hazard type)

tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc

( Risk )

xdef;csKyf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;

( Control Measure )

BuD; ao; r½Sd aqmif½GufqJ ( Current) qufvuf aqmif&Guf&ef

( Planned)

around

source 2? vlESifh wd&pmäef _{rsm;\ tnpf t} aMu;rsm;pdrfh0ifjcif;/

ajray:wGif;rJhtdrfom? wGif;tdrfomESifY wd&pmäef rsm;\pGefYypfaom tnpf taMu;rsm; pdrfh0ifjcif;/

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;&D;,m;

-ajray:wGif;rJhtnpftaMu; pGefYvTwf jcif;udk a&SmifMuOf&ef? -wGif;tdrfomrsm;onf a&wGif; xuf edrfYaom ae&mwGifom &Sdaeap&ef?

-a&wGif;ESifh tenf;qHk; ay(30) uGma0; ap&ef?

-wd&pmäefarG;jrLa&;NcH^t aqmuftODESifhtenf;qHk;ay (30) uGma0;ap&ef?

-jynfolvlxktwGif; oefY &Sif;a&; vkyfief;rsm; jr§ifhwif Edkifa&; pnf;½Hk;aqmif&Guf&ef? -vlESifh wd&pmäef tnpf t aMu; r0ifEdkif&eftwGuf umuG,f&ef^0if;x&Hcwf&ef -wGif;tdrfomrsm;udk tenf; qHk; owfrSwf tuGmta0; wGifom wnfaqmufcGifY jyK&ef?

DW 2

(ajratmufa&)

Source groundwater

3? a&wGifobm0 t& "gwkaA' ypönf;rsm; yg0if ae jcif;

blrdaA' tajctae t& xdka'oonf obm0 "gwkaA' ypönf;rsm; yg0if aom a'ojzpfaejcif;/

"gwkaA' tmqif;epf "gwf oH"gwf rif*eD;"gwf

-prf;oyfwGif; wpfwGif;udk arQmf rSef;xm;aom teufay txd wl;azmfNyD; a&erlemudk "gwfcGJ prf;oyf&ef?

-oifYawmfrS trSefwu,f a& xkwf,loHk;pGJrnfYa&wGif;wl;&eff/ -wGif;wlNyD; pwifroHk;rD a&erl

-a&udkpwiftoHk;rjyKrDESifY oHk;pGJ aeonfYtcg t&nftaoG; udk tqifhrDSrrSD prf;oyfyg/ DW 1

a&yif&if;

(a&a0a&vJ )

Catchment

1?"gwkaA'"gwf MuGif; rsm;ESifY trIdufyHkrsm;rS tnpf taMu; t &nfrsm; pdrhfxGufjcif;/

"gwfajrMoZm?ydk;owfaq; tvGeftuRHoHk;pGJjcif;ESifh trIdufyHkrsm;udk pHepfwus xdef;odrf;rSKr½Sdjcif;/

"gwkaA' Edkufx&dwf Edkufx&dkufESifh

trdk;eD;,m;

-"gwfajrMoZmrsm; ay(30) twGif; roHk;pGJ&?

-trIdufESifY trdSKufyHkrsm; ay (30) twGif; r&Sdap&/

27

vkyfief;pOftqifh

( Process Step)

ab;Oyg'fjzpf&yf

( Hazardous

Event)

(Hazard type)

tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc

( Risk )

xdef;csKyf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;

( Control Measure )

BuD; ao; r½Sd aqmif½GufqJ ( Current) qufvuf aqmif&Guf&ef

( Planned) DW 3

(vufwl;wGif;)

Dug Well

4? a&wGif;xJodkY npfnrf;aom a& rsm;pdrfY0ifjcif;

a&wGif; tay:ydkif; (10) aycefUwGif a& wGif;acG tqufrsm; a&rvkHjcif;? ysufpD; aejcif;? a&wGif; twGif; o½dk;r½Sdjcif; ysufpD; aejcif;/

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;

&D;,m;

-pwifwnfaqmufpOfu *½kjyK&ef

-tqifYrSDaomypönf;rsm;ESifY o½dk;udkoHk;&ef?

-a&wGif;tay:ydkif;(10)ay cefUwGif a&,dkpdrfY0ifrSK r½Sd ap&ef *½kpdkuf&ef

-txl;ojzifY rdk;½GmoGef;csdef wGiftay:ydkif;rS a&rsm;pdrfY 0ifjcif; ½Sd^r½Sdppfaq;&ef? -rvHkygutjyifbufrS wl;NyD; jyK jyif&ef?

5? a&wGif;xJodkY jyifyrS roefY&Sif; aom ajray:a& rsm; wdkuf½dkuf 0ifa&mufjcif;

-a&wGif;tkwfeH&Habmif r½Sdjcif;?

-½Sdaomfvnf;ajray:wGif vHkavmufaom tjrifY r½Sdjcif;?

-a&wGif;ab;ywfvnf wGif orHwvif;tcif; r½Sdjcif;^ ysufpD;aejcif;? -a&ESKwfajrmif;r½Sdjcif; ^ ydwfqdkYaejcif;?

-a&wGif;ay:wGif tzHk; ^ trdk; r&Sdjcif;?

-a&wGif;0ef;usifwGifa&csKd; jcif;? t0wfavSsmfjcif;? -wd&pmäefrsm; tvG,f wul 0ifa&mufEdkifjcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;

&D;,m;

-a&wGif;tkwfeH&Hudk ajray:rS tenfqHk;(3)aytjrifhxd wnf aqmuf xm;&ef?

-a&wGif;ab;ywfvnf orH wvif; tenf;qHk;(5)ay t us,f xm;&Sd&ef?

-a&Ekwfajrmif; azgufxm;yg? -a&wGif;ay:wGiftzHk;^trdk; &Sd&ef?

-a&wGif;0ef;usifwGif a&csKd;jcif;? t0wfavSsmfjcif;wdkUudk wm;jrpf&ef

-ay(30)twGif; tnpftaMu; rpGefY atmifwm;jrpf&ef?

-wd&pmäefrsm; r0ifa&mufEdkif ap&ef 0if;x&H um&efxm;&ef?

vkyfief;pOftqifh

( Process Step)

ab;Oyg'fjzpf&yf

( Hazardous

Event)

(Hazard type)

tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc

( Risk )

xdef;csKyf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;

( Control Measure )

BuD; ao; r½Sd aqmif½GufqJ ( Current) qufvuf aqmif&Guf&ef

( Planned)

DW 3

(vufwl;wGif;

rStquf)

Dug Well

6? a&vQHrIaMumifh a&epf jrSKyfjyD; npf nrf;aom a&rsm; 0ifa&mufjcif;/

-a&wGif;udk ajredrfU aom ae&mwGif wl; azmfxm;jcif;?

-a&vQHjcif;aMumifY a& epfjrSKyfjcif;rSumuG,f Edkif&ef wmwrH r½Sd jcif;?

-a&vTJajrmif;pHepf wus razmufvkyf rxm;jcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;&D;,m;

-a&wGif;;udk ajrjrifYaomae&mwGif wl;azmfxm;&ef?

-a&wGif;;0ef;usifwGif vHkavmuf aom t½G,ftpm;½SdonfY a&Ekwf ajrmif;rsm; azgufvkyfxm;&ef? -a&vQHía&epfjrKwfavY½Sdaom a'o rsm;wGif wmwrHxm;½Sd&ef??

-a&wGif;0ef;usifwGif a&Ekwf ajrmif;rsm;azgufvkyf xm;&ef? -a&wGif;udk a&BuD;epfjrKwfNyD; wdkif; jyefvnfoefYpif&ef? -wpfESpfvSsif wpfBudrf yHkrSef wGif; q,f&ef?

7?a&aemufusdjcif;/ -teD;w0dkufEHk;ESifY ½THU

a&tdkifrsm;½Sdaejcif;? -wnfaqmuf&mwGif pHepfrusjcif;?

-blrdaA'tajctae t& EHk;ajr?½THUap;ajr jzpfaejcif;?

aemufusdrI ydk;rTm;

-teD;w0dkuf½Sda&0yfaeaom? ae&m rsm;udk aojcmpGma&Smif&Sm; a½G;cs,f NyD;rS a&wGif;wl;&ef?

-teD;w0dkuf½Sd vuf½Sda&wGif; rsm;udk avYvmNyD;rS a&wGif;wl;&ef? -½THUEGHaygrsm;aom ae&mrsm;udk a½Smif &ef?

-wGif;ae&mudkaocsmpGm a&G;cs,f&ef?

-pHepfwus wl;azmf&ef? -a&wGif;xJodkU ausmufp&pf (1)ay cefY xnfY&ef?

DW 4

(a&wifenf;

pHepf)

( Water lifting

8? a&iifyHk; roefU ½Sif;jcif;? a&iifyHk; txm;todk usef;rma&;ESifY rnD

a&iifyHk; oefY½Sif;rSK r½Sdjcif;ESifY a&iifyHk; udkajray:wGif cs xm;jcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;&D;,m;

-bHkoHk; BudK;wyf a&iifyHk;xm;&Sd&ef? -toHk;jyKNyD;vSsif jrifYaomae&mwGif csdwfqGJxm;&ef?

29

vkyfief;pOftqifh

( Process Step)

ab;Oyg'fjzpf&yf

( Hazardous

Event)

(Hazard type)

tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc

( Risk )

xdef;csKyf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;

( Control Measure )

BuD; ao; r½Sd aqmif½GufqJ ( Current) qufvuf aqmif&Guf&ef

( Planned) DW 4

(a&wifenf;

pHepfrS tquf)

( Water lifting device )

9? vufEdSyfyefUrS w qifh npfnrf; aom a& 0ifa&mufjcif;

-vufEdSyfyefUtxdkif tkwfckH cdkifNrJrSK r½Sdjcif;? -ajrESifYeD;uyfaejcif;? -ygwfvnfwGif yvuf azmif; pHepfwusr½Sdí a&0yfaejcif;?

-a&ESKwfajrmif;r½Sdjcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;&D;,m;

-vufEdSyfyefUtxdkif tkwfckH cdkifNrJ&rnf?

-ajrjyifrStenf;qHk;(2)ay jrifh &rnff?

-(5)aytus,fyvufazmif; ½Sdí a&Ekwfajrmif;½Sd&rnf/

-vufEdSyfyefUtxdkifcdkifcefUrSK *½kjyK&ef?

-a&wGif;teD;w0dkuf a&tdkif xGef; raeap&ef??

10? csLa&roefYojzifh a&npf nrf;jcif;

-tcsKdUaom vufEdSyfyefU rsm;onf pwiftoHk;jyK &mwGif a&csL&ygu csLa& roefU½Sif;vQif npfnrf;rSk jzpfapjcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;&D;,m;

csLa&oHk;&efvdktyfygu

oefY&Sif;aom a&udkom toHk;jyK&ef?

-atmufajc&Sd zGwfbm;

(Foot Valve) udk a&vHk

atmif jyKvkyf^ jyifqif xm;&ef

-a&csL&ef rvdkaom vufEdSyf

yefUudk oHk;yg? (Direct

Ac-tion Pump oHk;yg)?

-a&rvHkaom Foot valve

udk vJyg?

11? BudK;wyfvuf vSnfYyeYf rSwqifY jyifyrS tnpftaMu; rsm; 0ifa&mufjci;f

vufvSnfYyefUudk ao csmpGm zHk;tkyf rxm;jcif; ESifY a&wGif;tzHk;r½Sdjcif; aMumifYnpfnrf;ap jcif;

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;&D;,m;

-BudK;wyf vufvSnfYyefYudk tzHk; zHk;xm;&ef?

-a&wGif;udk aocsmpGmzHk;xm; &ef?

-a&wGif;udkuGefu&pfjym;ESifY aocsmpGm zHk;xm;yg/

vkyfief;pOftqifh

( Process Step)

ab;Oyg'fjzpf&yf

( Hazardous

Event)

(Hazard type)

tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc

( Risk )

xdef;csKyf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;

( Control Measure )

BuD; ao; r½Sd aqmif½GufqJ

( Current)

qufvuf aqmif&Guf&ef

( Planned)

DW 5

a&yHk;^ a&pnf

jzifh cH,ljci;f

( Collection of water)

12? cH,lonfha&yHk;? a&pnf ponfwdkY oefY&Sif; pifMu,frSK r½SdojzifY a&npf nrf; &jcif;?

a&yHk;? a&pnf ponf wdkYonf oefY&Sif; pifMu,frSKr½Sd ojzifY ydk;rTm;rsm;ESifY te,f rsm; ygvmjcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD; &D;,m;

-tokH;jyKonfh a&yHk;^ a& pnfwdkYudk tcsdefrSefrSef oefY&Sif;aoma&jzifY aq; aMumí oefU½Sif;aom ae&m wGifom xm;yg?

jynfolrsm; usef;rma&; tod ynm ydkrdkjrifYrm;vma&;? tjyKtrl ajymif; vJ vma&;twGuf vlxktm; usef;rma&; todynm ydkrdk jrSifYwif ay;yg/

13? a&cyf,l&mwGif roefY &Sif;aomvuf rsm;jzifh cyf,l jcif;

vufESdyfyefU^a&uef rsm;rS cH,ljcif;? cyf,l jcif; wdkYwGif roefU ½Sif;aom vufjzifY a&udk xdrf;NyD;a&yHk;xJ a&mufatmif jyKvkyf jcif;? a&uefxJ vuf ESpfí cyfjcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD; &D;,m;

-a&cH,lonfhyHk;onf a&xGuf ESkwfoD;ESifh uyf ícH,lyg? a&uefi,frS cwf,lygu vufudkifyg aom a&cGufudkom toHk;jyKyg?

jynfolrsm; usef;rma&; tod ynm ydkrdkjrifYrm;vma&;? tjyKtrl ajymif; vJ vma&;twGuf vlxktm; usef;rma&;todynm ydkrdk jrSifYwif ay;yg/

DW 6

a&o,f,ljcif;

(Transportatio n of water)

14? a&o,f,lonfY yHk;rsm; roefY½Sif;jcif;?

a&yHk;rsm;oefU½Sif;rSK r½SdojzifY ydk;rTm;rsm; ESifY te,frsm;aMumifY npfnrf; &jcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;

&D;,m;

a&yHk;rsm;udk yHkrSef oefU½Sif; aom a&jzifYaq;aMumyg?

31

vkyfief;pOftqifh

( Process Step)

ab;Oyg'fjzpf&yf

( Hazardous

Event)

(Hazard type)

tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc

( Risk )

xdef;csKyf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;

( Control Measure )

BuD; ao; r½Sd aqmif½GufqJ ( Current) qufvuf aqmif&Guf&ef

( Planned)

DW 6

a&o,f,ljcif;rS tquf

(Transportati on of water)

15?

a&o,f,l&mwGif vrf;c&D; wavsmuf? npfnrf;jcif;

tzHk;rygaom a&yHk;^ a&tdk;twGif; zHkrsm; 0ifjcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;

&D;,m;

-tzHk;ygaom a&yHk;^a&pnf wdkYudk toHk;jyKyg??

jynfolrsm; usef;rma&; tod ynm ydkrdkjrifYrm;vma&;? tjyK trlajymif;vJ vma&;twGuf vlxktm; usef;rma&;todynm ydkrdkjrSifYwif ay;yg/

DW 7

a&udktoHk;jyK&m wGif odkavSmif xm;rI

(Storage of water at home)

16? tddrf&Sd a&avSmif uef ^a&pnf roefY &Sif;jcif;/

a&avSmifuef^ a& pnf wdkYwGif te,f rsm; xdkifae jcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;

&D;,m;

-a&avSmifuef? a&pnfrsm;udk tcsdef yHkrSefaq;Mumyg?/

jynfolrsm; usef;rma&; tod ynm ydkrdkjrifYrm;vma&;? tjyK trlajymif;vJ vma&;twGuf vlxktm; usef;rma&;todynm ydkrdkjrSifYwif ay;yg/

17? a&avSmifuef? a& pnf rsm;xJodkY tdrfarG; wd&pmäefrsm; ? <uufrsm; 0ifa&muf ojzifY npf nrf;rSK jzpf&jcif;/

tdrfarG; wd&pmäefrsm; ? <uufrsm; a&aomuf jcif;? tnpftaMu; pGefUjcif;?

ydk;rTm;^ bufwD;

&D;,m;

-a&avSmifuef? a&pnfrsm;udk tNrJ zHk;tkyf xm;yg?

-tdrfarG;wd&dpmäefrsm; tvG,f wul r0ifa&mufEdkif ap&ef a&tdk;^ a&pnf ponfwdkUudk jrifhaomae&mwGifom xm;yg?