Green Energy and Technology

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(2)

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Nigel Horan

•

Abu Zahrim Yaser

Newati Wid

Editors

Anaerobic Digestion

Processes

Applications and Ef

_fl

uent Treatment

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Editors

Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic) Green Energy and Technology

ISBN 978-981-10-8128-6 ISBN 978-981-10-8129-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8129-3

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018937333

©_{Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018}

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speciﬁcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microﬁlms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speciﬁc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afﬁliations.

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I wish to thank Linda, Kate and Matthew for

their many years of tolerating both holiday

detours to visit sewage works and guests

whose conversations invariably ended up

discussing sewage.

—

Nigel Horan

To my mom (Hamidah Khalil), dad

(Yaser Malik) and families.

Special thanks to my wife (Naimmaton

Sa

’

adiah Mustain) and my children

(A

’

ishah, Anas and Asma)

for endless love, support and patience.

—

Abu Zahrim Yaser

This book is dedicated with much love to my

husband, Razak, my parents Mama-Baba and

The Wids.

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Acknowledgements

The Editors gratefully acknowledge the following individuals for their time and efforts in assisting the Editors with the reviewing of manuscript. This book would not have been possible without the commitment of the Reviewers.

• Fadzil Noor Gonawan • M. Rafatullah Lari • Marcus Japony • Mariani Rajin

• Md. Shaﬁquzzaman Siddiquee • Md. Mizanur Rahman

• Mohd. Azmier Ahmad

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Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Nigel Horan was a Lecturer in Public Health Engineering at the University of Leeds for 35 years during which time he published ﬁve academic text-books and with over 120 refereed technical papers. In 1998, he established Aqua Enviro Ltd. and was the company Chair until its acquisition in 2015 by Suez Advanced Water Solutions. He specialises in the treatment of wastewaters, particularly using the acti-vated sludge process, and in the subsequent recovery of resources from sludge through anaerobic digestion.

Abu Zahrim Yaser is a Deputy Dean (Research and Innovation) at Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). He obtained his Ph.D. from Swansea University and has published over 72 refereed technical papers. He is an outstanding reviewer for several Elsevier journals and a guest editor for

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

(Springer). He is a Visiting Scientist at the University of Hull. He is also a member of Board of Engineers (Malaysia), Institutions of Chemical Engineers (UK) and Malaysian Water Association.

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Newati Wid received her Ph.D. from the University of Leeds (UK) and currently is a Senior Lecturer in Industrial Chemistry, at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). Her research focuses on wastewater treatment and resource recovery from wastes through anaerobic digestion with over 10 refereed technical papers were published. In 2015 and 2016, she won gold medal for her research work on resource recovery at the Research and Invention Competition UMS.

Contributors

Syed Zaghum Abbas Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

H. A. Asri Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

I. Azreen Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

N. Bolong Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Nur Fathin Shamirah Daud Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Mashitah Mat Don School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia; Cluster of Solid Waste Management, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia

Noorlisa Harun Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Melvin Gan Jet Hong Energy Research Unit (ERU), Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sabah, Malaysia

N. J. Horan School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Aqua Enviro Ltd., Wakeﬁeld, UK

Wan Hanisah W. Ibrahim Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

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N. M. Ismail Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Yeoh Shir Lee Energy Research Unit (ERU), Mechanical Engineering

Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sabah, Malaysia

Muhamad Faez Lukman Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia

Mohd Rafatullah Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

Md. Mizanur Rahman Energy Research Unit (ERU), Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Mariani Rajin Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

I. Saad Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Husnul Azan Tajarudin Division of Bioprocess, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia; Cluster of Solid Waste Management, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia

Fadzlita Mohd Tamiri Energy Research Unit (ERU), Mechanical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sabah, Malaysia

N. Wid Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Muhammad Ha_ﬁzuddin Mat Yusoff Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

A. Y. Zahrim Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Norazwina Zainol Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Green Energy and Technology

Nigel Horan

Abu Zahrim Yaser

Newati Wid

Editors

Anaerobic Digestion

Processes

Applications and Ef

fl

uent Treatment

I wish to thank Linda, Kate and Matthew for

their many years of tolerating both holiday

detours to visit sewage works and guests

whose conversations invariably ended up

discussing sewage.

—

Nigel Horan

To my mom (Hamidah Khalil), dad

(Yaser Malik) and families.

Special thanks to my wife (Naimmaton

Sa

’

adiah Mustain) and my children

(A

’

ishah, Anas and Asma)

for endless love, support and patience.

—

Abu Zahrim Yaser

This book is dedicated with much love to my

husband, Razak, my parents Mama-Baba and

The Wids.

Acknowledgements

Contents

Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Contributors

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