F1031 COMPUTER HARDWARE
CHAPTER 4
WHAT IS A SERVER COMPUTER?
A server computer, sometimes called an
enterprise server, is a computer system that provides essential services across a network, to private users inside a large
organization or to public users in the internet.
A server manages the resources on a network
and clients access the resources on the server.
Many servers have dedicated functionality
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Application Servers
Application server is a server that is designed for or dedicated to running specifc applications. At its most basic, an application server might be
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Entry Level Servers
Large organizations will likely deploy most
of these server types to provide their computing infrastructure.
Rack and entry-level workgroup servers will
Web Servers
A web server serves static content to a
Web browser by loading a fle from a
disk and serving it across the network to a user's Web browser. This entire
exchange is mediated by the browser and server talking to each other using HTTP. Example: PSP Web Server
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
E-mail servers
Almost as important and crucial as Web
servers.
Is an application that receives incoming
e-mail from local users (people within the same domain) and remote senders and forwards outgoing e-mail for delivery.
Mainframe/High-End Servers
Powerful computers used mainly by
large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data
processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and fnancial transaction
processing. Example: Server for Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara
Midframe Servers
These servers are designed to support
complex network computing solutions. Ideal for either commercial or
high-performance computing (HPC)
applications. Example: SUN FIRE™ Midframe Server
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SERVER & PC
Attributes Server (Usage of
50-100 Users) Personal Computer
Operating System 64-bit OS You can use either 32-bit OS or 64-32-bit OS Processor 4 CPUs. Intel Xeon
@3.16 GHZ or equivalent AMD. 2x6MB cache
Minimum only 1 CPU
Memory 8GB DDR2 Minimum 512MB of
RAM in modern time Storage Raid 1. SAS, SCSI,
Fiber Channel Disks, or SATA. 15K rpm.
INSTALL AND CONFIGURE UPS
What is UPS?
An uninterruptible power supply, also
known as uninterruptible power
source, UPS or battery backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides
emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the utility mains,
UPS
UPS -
uninterruptible power supply
(UPS)
Protects your computer (and, more
importantly, your data) in the event of a power sag or power outage
A UPS essentially contains a big battery
that will provide AC power to your
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES
Benefts
Condition line for brownouts and spikes Provide backup power during a blackout Protect against very high potentially
damaging spikes
Considerations
Cost
UPS rating
Degree of line conditioning
Steps to Install UPS
1. Follow the manufacturer's instructions to physically install the UPS device.
2. Open Power Options in Control Panel.
3. On the UPS tab, click Select.
4. In the UPS Selection dialog box, under
Select manufacturer, click the
manufacturer of the UPS device attached to the computer.
5. Under Select model, click the model of
UPS device attached to the computer.
6. Under On port, click the serial port where
the UPS device is attached, and then click
To Install Uninterruptable Power Supply
You must be logged on as an administrator
or a
member of the Administrators group in order to
complete this procedure. If your computer is connected to a network, network policy
settings
INSTALL AND CONFIGURE NAS
What is a NAS?
A Network Access Server (NAS) is a single point of
access to a remote resource.
The NAS is meant to act as a gateway to guard access to a
Equipments to Install NAS to a Server
To install an Iomega NAS 100d as a
wired LAN Server you will need the following:
Hub or Switch with an available Ethernet port.
Ethernet cable (Included).
Steps to Install NAS to a server
1. Connect the Ethernet cable to the LAN
port on the back of the NAS.
2. Connect the other end of the Ethernet
cable to an open port on the hub.
3. Connect the power cable to the back of
the NAS and a power outlet. Iomega
recommends connecting the NAS 100d to an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
unit.
4. Turn on the NAS by pressing the power
5. On your computer, open a web browser.
6. In the address bar type in
http://iomega_nas_100d and hit Enter. 7. Provide your user name and password.
Default user name: admin
Default password: blank, no password
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAID is a great system for increasing speed and availability of data.
More data protection than non-RAID disk systems.
Fulfils the needs of multimedia and other data hungry programs.
ADVANTAGES OF RAID
Afordable alternative to mass storage
Cost/Megabyte is dropping.
Smaller drives make this possible.
Obtain performance of expensive high end disks
High throughput and reliability
Use of small diameter disks. Seek distances lower.
WHY USE RAID ?
RAID devices can act as a single drive.
Allows simultaneous read/write.
Overall increase in I/O performance.
RAID LEVELS
RAID level Min #
faults data disksExample Example check disks
Corporations producing products
- Linear / spanned 0 8 0 Linux, Windows
0 Striped 0 8 0 widely used
1 Mirrored 1 8 8 EMC, Compaq, IBM, Linux, Windows 2 Memory-style ECC 1 8 4 none
3 Bit-interleaved parity 1 8 1 Storage Concepts 4 Block-interleaved
parity 1 8 1 Network Appliance, Linux 5 Block-interleaved
distributed parity 1 8 1 widely used 6 P+Q redundancy 2 8 2 Linux (beta)
1+0 or 10
Striped mirrors 1 8 8 Linux
RAID 0 (NONREDUNDANT)
Striped disk array without fault tolerance. Best I/O performance achieved when data is
RAID 1 (MIRRORING)
For highest performance, the controller
must be able to perform two concurrent separate reads per mirrored pair or
RAID 0+1(MIRRORED
STRIPING)
High data transfer performance.
High I/O rates are achieved thanks to
multiple stripe segments.
RAID 2 (MEMORY-STYLE ECC)
Uses Hamming Codes to detect and correct errors. The ECC code verifes correct data or corrects
single disk (bit) errors.
RAID 3 (BIT-INTERLEAVED PARITY)
Parallel transfer with parity on the data
block is subdivided (“striped”) and written the data disks.
Stripe parity is generated on writes,
RAID 4 (BLOCK-INTERLEAVED PARITY)
Independent data disks with shared parity disk.
Each entire block is written onto a data disk.
RAID 10 (STRIPED MIRRORING)
Also known as RAID 1+0 and 1/0
Very high reliability combined with high
performance.
High I/O rates are achieved by striping RAID
RAID 53 (STRIPED ARRAY OF
ARRAYS)
High I/O rates and data transfer
performance
High data transfer rates are achieved
thanks to its RAID 3 array segments.
High I/O rates for small request are
FEATURES OF HARDWARE RAID SYSTEMS
Uses Dedicated Hardware to Control Disks in Array
Rather Than Software.
Disks in Array Are Controlled
By:- RAID Controller Internally Inside PC/Server.
By Separate External System That Contains Raid Controller and Disks of Array.
Operating System Sees array as one or more fast
FEATURES OF HARDWARE RAID SYSTEMS
No software configuration is required in operating
system.
RAID Level is not limited by operating system
support.
FEATURES OF HARDWARE RAID SYSTEMS
External RAID controllers
Enable the use of hot swapping and hot spares of a drive in an array, in the event of failure.
Enable the use of redundant power supplies.
Allow re-building of array with failed drive, whilst system is on-line.
System operates in degraded state.
HARDWARE RAID
Two main types of hardware RAID
Bus-Based or Controller Card
Hardware RAID.
Intelligent, External RAID Controller.
PCI-bus-based, IDE/ATA
hard disk RAID controller,
supporting
HARDWARE RAID
Bus-based RAID:
Cheaper
Much simpler to implement than external
RAID controller
External RAID controllers
Advanced features. Better performance.
hardware RAID is superior to software
SOFTWARE RAID
Advantage
Cost Simplicity Duplexing Disadvantage
Performance Boot Volume Limitations
Operating System Compatibility
Issues
RAID MANAGEMENT
Becomes
important
for larger arrays
with multiple RAID levels, many virtual
drives, and so on.
Hardware or software, come with
RAID MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
Controller BIOS Setup Program
hardware-based program that can be run
at boot time in exactly the same way that a motherboard's BIOS setup program
operates.
Operating System Management
Utility
straight software utility that runs after the
RAID MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
RAID management software allows to
perform the following basic categories
of functions:
Controller Confguration Array Confguration
