Kisah Badiuzzaman Said Nursi adalah kisah seorang cendekiawan dan guru Muslim yang pada saat kejayaan dunia Islam telah mengalami kemunduran dalam menghadapi imperialisme barat yang sedang bangkit.
Dia telah mendedikasikan hidupnya dan yang belajar mempertunjukkan bahwa revitalisasi Dunia Islam, dan bahkan kemakmuran dan kebahagia- an umat manusia, harus dicari dalam Al-Qur’an yang merupakan wahyu Ilahi, bukan pada peradaban yang dominan pada zaman sekarang karena peradaban ini terilhami oleh prinsip-prinsip yang berasal dari manusia.
Ini merupakan tujuan Nursi sejak masa mudanya, dan upaya mencapai tu- juan ini membuat Said Muda menulis beberapa karya asli dan aktif terlibat dalam pergerakan konstitusional yang dia percaya sebagai satu-satunya cara menyelamatkan keutuhan dan kemajuan Kerajaan Usmani dan Dunia Islam. Bagi Nursi dan para pemikir zaman sekarang, nilai-nilai konstitu- sionalisme seperti pemerintahan yang representatif, perundingan, dan perundang-undangan itu sesuai dengan Islam dan sangat penting untuk membangun kembali peradaban Islam. Nursi sacara khusus menekankan agar mendasarkan semua ini pada Islam.
Meskipun melibatkan diri dalam perjuangan untuk mengupayakan diterimanya apa yang dikenal sebagai nilai-nilai demokrasi, tujuan Nursi bukanlah politik semata, tetapi sebagian besar untuk pendidikan, baik dalam pengertian yang luas untuk mencerahkan berbagai elemen masya- rakat tentang pentingnya konstitusionalisme, maupun dalam mengupa- yakan kemajuan-kemajuan pendidikan yang inovatif, dan memperbarui kurikulum serta disiplin-disiplin ilmu yang diajarkan. Dia juga sangat memerhatikan perbaikan moral.
Setelah kemenangan Turki dalam perang kemerdekaan, Nursi akhir-
nya tahu bahwa ternyata dirinya tidak cocok dengan para pemimpin rezim baru di Ankara, dan menarik diri sepenuhnya dari kehidupan politik. Hal ini selaras dengan karakter Said Baru yang lahir dari Said Lama pada ta- hun-tahun pahit kejatuhan Usmani dan pendudukan asing. Pada masa ini Al-Qur’an memiliki kedudukan yang tinggi dalam kehidupan Nursi, dan dia berhasil mengembangkan sebuah metode observasi baru yang menjelaskan ajaran-ajarannya tentang prinsip-prinsip keimanan yang fundamental yang diambil dari Al-Qur’an dan didasarkan pada pemikiran reflektif tentang dunia nyata. Saat dia berada di pengasingan, tulisan-tu- lisan barunya mendapatkan respons positif dari masyarakat Anatolia yang merasa kalau kepercayaan dan identitas mereka terancam oleh undang- undang sekuler dan kebarat-baratan. Dengan bukti-bukti pengajaran Al- Qur’an dan kesesuaiannya terhadap ilmu pengetahuan, serta bantahannya terhadap “filsafat”, tulisan-tulisan Nursi, Risalah Nur, mengartikulasikan masalah-masalah yang dialami masyarakat dan menawarkan uraian baru tentang keimanan mereka yang relevan dengan keadaan mereka. Yang jelas, Nursi sedang memasuki era baru perdebatan yang sengit antara per- adaban Islam dan Barat, dan memaparkannya pada level prinsip-prinsip dasar.
Namun, Nursi menghindari segala macam konfrontasi dan sepenuh- nya menjauhkan diri dari kehidupan politik; perhatiannya sekarang ter- tuju pada pribadi manusia sebagai makhluk moral, dan membangun diri manusia melalui pemahaman atas hubungannya dengan Sang Pencipta dan hubungannya dengan sesama manusia. Hanya melalui pencapaian iman yang demikianlah apa yang dipercaya Nursi sebagai aspek-aspek fil- sa fat yang merusak dan berlawanan dengan agama bisa ditiadakan hingga masyarakat kembali pada jalur pembangunan. Meskipun Nursi dan mu- rid-muridnya mengalami siksaan, mereka tidak pernah surut. Sebenarnya, masa-masa penahanan malah memperkuat keteguhan hati dan mem- perluas pergerakan yang dibangkitkan oleh tulisan-tulisan Nursi, yakni pergerakan Nur.
Dengan munculnya agresi ateisme dan komunisme, pandangan Nursi tentang wahyu dan filsafat membuatnya mengakui satu sisi Barat yang sudah dia kenal, yang mengambil inspirasi dari Kristen sebagai agama wah yu, bukannya mengambil dari filsafat. Dia mendorong kerja sama dengan orang-orang Kristiani yang beriman dalam menghadapi ancaman
ateisme, dan dia sendiri menjalin hubungan dengan para pemimpin Kris- tiani. Hal ini sejalan dengan usaha-usahanya untuk membangun jaring- an-jaringan dengan Dunia Islam dan memperkuat persatuan antar umat Islam melalui Risalah Nur.
Bersamaan dengan pemusatan pada Risalah Nur, banyak sekali karak- ter dan kesuksesan pergerakan Nur muncul dari contoh yang diberikan Nursi sendiri, keunggulan pribadinya yang luar biasa, dan kehidupannya yang saleh.
Di tahun-tahun awalnya, dalam sebuah masyarakat suku yang keras di mana faksionalisme tersebar luas dan loyalitas kelompok sangat kuat, jiwa merdeka Nursi membimbingnya untuk meretas jalannya sendiri dan mengukir sebuah tempat untuknya sendiri sebagai seorang tokoh agama.
Kemerdekaannya memberinya banyak manfaat sepanjang kehidupannya yang keras, demikian juga keberanian dan semangatnya. Karakter abadi- nya yang lain adalah keberanian dan kegagahannya yang tersohor, tidak jauh beda ketika dia sudah dewasa dan masih muda; upayanya menegak- kan dan melanjutkan ajaran Islam tanpa kompromi melalui tahun-tahun penindasan dan penyiksaan yang panjang memang merupakan kebera- nian yang luar biasa. Dia merupakan sebuah kombinasi yang langka an- tara seorang aktivis yang dengan hati sekuat baja berjuang untuk merevi- talisasi dan memperkuat kepercayaan agama dan seorang wali, terutama pada periode kedua masa hidupnya, sepenuhnya diarahkan kepada Sang Pencipta. Keimanan dan kedekatannya pada Tuhan telah membuatnya ikhlas dalam berjuang dan tidak menuruti nafsu serta egonya. Dia sangat welas asih kepada sahabat-sahabatnya dan tegas kepada musuh-musuh- nya—yaitu, mereka yang memusuhi Al-Qur’an dan Islam.
Barangkali, yang paling mengagumkan adalah rasa kemanusiaan, ka- sih sayang serta perhatiannya yang mendalam pada seluruh umat manu- sia. Inilah yang mendorongnya melakukan perjuangan yang cerdas dan berpandangan jauh serta lebih berorientasi pada memperbaiki dan mem- bangun ketimbang merusak, sehingga semua orang bisa menemukan ke- damaian dan keselamatan dalam agama wahyu dan pengamalan ajaran- ajarannya.
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a
Abduh, Muhammad ix, 29 Abdulkadir, Seyyid 212-214, 269 Abdullah (II), Sultan 22, 28, 36, 42,
49-51, 62-63, 73-74, 83, 103, 105, 108, 116, 152, 159, 233, 345 Abdulmecit 3, 165, 178, 245, 258, 466,
488, 498, 501
Abdurrahman, Nursi v, 32, 42, 54, 184-185, 192-194, 201, 207, 220- 221, 239-241, 292-294, 297, 338, 407-410
Afyon 86, 316-317, 346-347, 374-375, 384, 392-394, 397-398, 406-407, 409-410, 414-415, 417-419, 421- 423, 428, 432-436, 444-445, 463, 467-468, 501
Akbar Shah, Ali 455-456
Al-Azhar, Universitas 39, 60, 138, 399, 457, 470
Alew, Muhsin 448, 450, 452-453,456, 459, 461
Anarki 103, 354, 383, 394, 403-405, 425-426, 443, 467
Anatolia 9, 11, 14, 19, 34, 39, 54-55, 58, 63, 108, 124-125, 130, 133, 154, 159, 166, 172, 176, 194, 196, 203, 205, 218, 215, 251, 261, 265-266, 271, 279, 296, 465, 476, 500
Ankara xviii, xix, 196-197, 199, 204, 216, 220-223, 227, 230-231, 244- 245, 247, 250-252, 263, 277, 280, 285, 304, 307, 313, 315, 325, 334, 347, 364, 367, 369-370, 374, 378- 379, 381-382, 386-387, 392-393, 398, 414, 423, 429, 433, 435, 440- 441, 445-447, 454-456, 463-466, 476-477, 488-489, 490-492, 495- 496, 510, 513
Antalya 196, 245, 266, 270, 316 Arun, Ziya 453, 460
Ataturk xi, xvi, 361, 429
Ateis 81, 303, 327, 355, 382-383, 385, 403-404, 425, 469
Ateisme 246–255, 300–310, 355–438, 443–504, 489–504, 506
Athenagoras 457
Austria 86-87, 90, 152, 164, 186, 188 Aya Sofia 60, 96, 100, 107, 220, 323,
489, 492
Aya Stefanos 107, 108, 109
b
Badilli, Abdulkadir vi, 25
Baghdad 14, 17, 175, 346, 468-469, 471
Baghdadi 148, 346-487
Baghdadi, Maulana Khalid 148, 346, 487
Bakhit, Muhammad ix, xii, 7, 10-12, 29, 32, 34, 42, 46, 60, 81, 88, 95- 104, 113-114, 116-119, 180, 209, 217, 232, 268, 301-302, 345-346, 390, 397, 437, 479, 512
Balkan 46, 73, 83, 139, 151-154 Barla (desa) xix, 46, 93, 271-274, 277,
278- 279, 282-284, 287-290, 292, 294-295, 303-304, 306-307, 309, 312- 313, 318, 332, 354, 359, 370, 463, 465-486, 515
Barla lahikasi 295
Basid (gunung) 11, 39, 155-156, 173, 175, 176, 258, 261, 264-266, 272, 288, 307
Batum 123, 169, 223-224 Bayar, Celal 443, 446, 468, 470 Bekir Aga Bolugu 111 Bey Binbasi, Asim 294, 316
Bitlis 2-3, 11, 14, 17-21, 30-36, 39, 43, 46, 54-55, 66, 124, 146, 158-160, 170-180, 182, 200, 209, 210-211, 225, 244-245, 394
Bolvadin 316 Burdur 266, 270-272 Burhan-i Gelenbevi 156 Buyuk Cihad 455 Buyuk Dogu 452
C
Cakmak, Fauzi 222-223, 271 Caliskan 395-396, 441, 445, 462, 494 Caliskan, Ceilan 395, 418-419, 462 Caliskan, Jeilan 441
Cam Dagi (gunung pinus) 288 Cavus, Ali 146, 155, 175-176, 178,
191, 289
Cayci Emin 333-334, 357-358, 364- 366, 476
Celali, Muhammad 12, 13, 209 Ceride-i Sofiye Gazetesi 111
Cevdet, Abdullah 3, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15, 16, 58, 80, 90, 93, 94, 194, 204, 218, 229, 266, 274, 276, 285-286, 289, 359, 362, 365, 370, 373, 487, 495, 497-498, 504, 512
Cevdet Bey 40, 165, 169-171, 190, 225 Cizre 3, 23-26, 40
d
Damaskus 3, 124-125, 138, 149, 150, 153, 236, 323, 347, 399, 466 Darul Hikmetil Islamiye 192, 194,
199-211, 214, 216, 223, 226-228, 239, 241, 250, 268, 324, 359, 429 Dashnakzoutiun 20
Demiroglu, Taufik 220-221, 244, 252, 268
Demokrasi 393, 404, 505
Denizli xix, 280, 363-364, 366-368, 370, 374-376, 378-380, 384-390, 392-398, 400-401, 407, 409, 413- 414, 417, 421-422, 424, 430, 433- 435, 441, 450
Dersaadet 54, 111, 193 Despotisme 126
Diyarbakir 39, 129, 138, 225, 269, 276, 476, 494, 500
Dogan, Avni 335
e
Egirdir 273-274, 277, 284, 288, 292, 294, 304, 337, 465, 494, 502 Emanuel Carasso 81
Emirdag xx, 16, 371, 378, 392, 394- 398, 400-401, 406-407, 409, 411, 414-415, 417-418, 432, 440, 444- 446, 453-454, 457, 461, 463, 476- 477, 480, 486-487, 490- 494, 497 Emirdag Lahikasi 477
Enwer Bey 53, 73, 82, 152
Erek (gunung) 155, 258, 261, 264-266, 272, 307
Erzurum 164-166, 173-174, 180, 209, 245, 266-267, 470
Eskisehir xix, 45, 252, 316-320, 332, 344, 362, 364-365, 374-375, 379, 413, 424, 441, 447-448, 461, 476 Esref edif 71, 93, 153-154, 206, 214,
219-220, 222, 224, 229, 252, 452
f
Fakazli, Ibrahim 30, 180, 204, 206, 225, 253, 318, 330, 377, 390-391, 418-419, 432, 437-438, 453, 478, 480, 487, 498-499
Fatih 30, 55-58, 194, 222, 394, 449, 453, 457, 460, 503
Fauzi Kul, Ahmet 318, 432, 434 Fauzi Kul, Ahmet 432, 434 Ferid Pasya, Damad 203 Feyyaz, Muhammed 180 Fiqh 32
Firinci 457, 460, 461, 464
g
Gelenbevi 156, 163
Gerakan konstitusional 40, 49 Gerakan Nur xx
Gerakan Usmani Muda 28
Ghazali, al-Imam Abu Hamid 13, 44, 243, 356, 371
Giyaseddin Emre 468, 492 Gokalp, Ziya 278, 512
Gokay, Fahreddin Kerim 206, 228 Gonen, Ahmet Hikmet 432
Gunduzalp, Zubeir 399, 432, 441, 444, 462
H
Hafiz Ali 120, 337, 345, 389 Hakikat Cekirdekleri 210, 221-222 Halil Pasya 166, 169-171, 174, 224 Hani, Ahmad 509, 512
Hani, Ahmad ix, 13, 90, 94, 134, 227, 242-243, 252, 254, 311, 313, 318, 330, 347, 356, 509
Hanim 3, 20, 210, 346-347 Hasan Fehmi 57, 101, 102 Hasankale 164, 168 Haydar (suku) 61, 266, 275 Hikmet, Gonen Ahmed 432 Hizan 2, 5, 7, 10, 43, 159, 172, 209,
210-211
Hizb-un Nuri 343-344, 363, 385 Hucumat-i Sitte 365
Hulusi Bey, Yahyagil 294, 476, 498 Husnu Bayram 493, 495-498 Husrev 295, 310, 337, 418, 420, 444-
445, 456, 464
Hutuvat-i Sitte 210, 221, 423
i
Ibn Sina 286, 302
Ibrahim Efendis, Haydarizade 204, 206
Ikdam (surat kabar) 120, 214 Inebolu 123, 298, 332, 336-337, 367,
369, 375, 377, 378-398, 441, 453
Inggris xv, xix, 20, 41, 101, 104, 124, 133, 162, 164, 192, 195-198, 203- 204, 211-212, 214, 216-220, 222, 228-229, 245, 254, 291, 423, 468 Insiden Malatya 454
Insiden Menemen 328 Irak 468-469, 471
Iran 19, 166, 169, 171, 179, 181, 266, 456, 468, 470
Isparit 6, 171-172, 209
Isparta 269, 271-273, 292, 294, 296, 298, 307, 309-310, 316, 319, 320, 324-328, 332, 337, 346, 354, 358, 362-364, 367, 370, 374-375, 378- 379, 397-398, 401, 406, 409, 426, 433, 440-441, 445-449, 461, 463, 464-465, 486, 490, 492-498, 502 Istanbul 11, 15, 20, 28, 42-43, 48, 54-
60, 67, 70-74, 78, 80-81, 83, 86-89, 91, 95, 100, 106-107, 111, 113, 116, 118, 123-124, 126, 147, 149, 151- 152, 155, 158, 163, 226-228, 229, 262, 266-269, 276, 279, 285, 330, 336, 337, 345, 347, 363, 375, 377, 384, 398, 401, 423, 429, 433, 440- 441, 447-450, 452-453, 455, 457, 459-461, 464-465, 474-477, 479, 488, 491, 497, 503, 509-519 Ittihad-i Muhammedi Cemiyeti 95 Izmir 121, 149, 195-196, 266, 270
J
Jaelani, Abdul Qodir 6, 14, 22, 43, 241, 243
Jerman 152, 164, 186, 192-193, 213, 224-225, 456
Jihad xx, 454, 477 Julfa 182, 185
k
Kalam x, 32, 36, 44, 59, 68, 157 Karabekir, Kazim 166, 247, 285 Karakol 221, 223
Kastamonu xix, 146-147, 162-163, 229, 313, 329, 332-335, 337, 340, 346-347, 354-358, 360, 362-367, 369- 378, 384, 397-398, 406, 409, 424, 426, 430, 446, 487, 515 Kastamonu Lahikasi 332 Kel Ali 174-176, 190
Kemal, Mustafa xvi, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 38, 40, 45, 47, 168, 183, 184-185, 189, 191, 207, 213, 222-224, 227, 244-251, 254, 264, 267-268, 276, 278-282, 294, 297, 312, 318, 324, 345, 371, 384, 388, 390, 392, 396, 398-399, 411, 417, 423, 429, 432, 437-438, 441, 446, 455, 462, 465, 478, 480, 493
Kemal, Namik 28, 29, 50-51, 71, 75, 147, 496
Kemalisme 281, 285, 311-312, 442, 510
Kementrian Perang 110, 210, 453 Kepribadian kolektif 130, 143, 147,
248, 338, 349-350, 354-356, 484- 485
Kesatuan Usmani 427
Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan 53, 90, 103
Komunisme 404, 453 Konstitusionalisme 79
Konya 3, 406, 476-477, 488, 490-495, 499-500, 502
Kosova 151
Kristen (agama) xii, 19-20, 50, 118, 137, 147, 197-198, 231-232, 400, 410-411, 457, 461, 469, 503, 506
Kufrevi, Muhammad 34, 46
Kurdi 3, 13, 15, 54, 61-62, 64, 79, 85, 86-87, 92, 100, 111, 115, 125-126, 130, 133, 135, 138, 158-159, 165, 173, 179-180, 182, 193, 196, 200, 201, 210, 213-216, 263, 265, 267, 269, 276, 317, 329, 423, 427, 496 Kurdistan 3, 5, 39, 44, 45, 48, 53-55,
60-61, 64, 67, 70-71, 116, 193, 211- 215, 228, 275, 470, 510
m
Macedonia 81
Madrasah Hornor 7, 8, 10-11, 17, 57- 58, 155-156, 206-207, 271, 318, 413, 417
Madrasah Yusufiah 318, 413, 417 Madrasatul Kuzat 57
Mahmud Sevket Pasya 107
Mardin 5, 19, 20, 25-30, 32, 43, 44-46, 48, 51, 90, 93, 147, 154, 311, 313, 372, 514
Materialisme 52, 234, 285, 327, 341, 343
Medresetuz Zehra xviii, xix, 39, 42, 48, 63-65, 149, 151-152, 155, 157, 216, 250-251, 341, 469, 470 Mehmed Firinci 457, 460-461, 464 Mehmet akif 55, 199, 214, 220, 225,
227, 229, 252
Mehmet Caliskan 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 21, 30, 55, 119, 121, 149, 153, 172, 199-200, 207, 214, 220, 225, 227, 229, 252, 254, 264, 274, 276, 309, 315-316, 320, 329-330, 333-334, 346, 360-361, 363-364, 366, 370, 373, 376-377, 380, 390, 395, 410, 414, 418, 437, 445, 452, 457, 460- 461, 464, 477-480, 503-504, 511 Mehmet Efendi, Gonenli 377
Mehmet Feyzi 370, 373, 390 Mekteb-mekteb 61 Memduh Bey 174
Menderes, Adnan 440, 445, 458, 465, 467-469, 471, 473-475, 488-490, 492-493, 496, 499, 504
Mesir xv, 29, 60, 124, 219, 346, 399, 457
Miran (suku) 22, 40, 46 Mizan 88, 103
Molla Habib 3, 6, 10-28, 30-40, 43, 54, 61, 150, 156, 161-162, 164, 167- 168, 170-173, 181-184, 189, 191, 193, 212, 219, 228, 244, 259, 260, 261-262, 264, 498
Molla Hamid 3, 6, 10-28, 30-40, 43, 54, 61, 150, 156, 161-162, 164, 167, 168, 170-173, 181-184, 189, 191, 193, 212, 219, 228, 244, 259, 260- 262, 264, 498
Moralitas Islam 77, 79, 131 Mosul 36, 165
Muhakemat 43, 92, 136, 147, 210, 236, 252-253, 283
Muhsin, Alew 448, 452, 456, 459, 461 Munazarat 27-28, 44, 46, 64, 90, 92,
120-121, 125, 135, 146-49, 210 Murid Nursi vi, 160, 170-171, 176,
219, 227-228, 252-253, 292, 315, 318-319, 325, 336, 345, 347, 349, 353-354, 359, 362, 364, 369, 371, 375, 377-380, 388, 397-399, 406, 410, 416, 432-434, 450-451, 453, 455, 462, 471, 487, 493, 495-498 Mutkan 61
n
Nasionalisme x, 82, 139, 150, 232- 233, 279, 281, 312, 403, 469- 470
Nazif Celebi 27, 336-337, 367, 369, 376, 389, 398-399, 416, 456 Necmeddin Sahiner 191 Nejip Fazil Kisakurek 452 Nicholas 174, 185, 249 Niyazi Bey 53, 150 Nokta 210, 221
Nur, Muhammad 7, 34, 46
o
Omer Pasya, Besim 31, 33, 182 Ozcan, Salih 455, 487
Ozdemir, Said 480, 490-491, 493, 504
p
Pakistan 455-457, 468 Pan-Islamisme 28-29, 63, 153 Pan-Turkisme 153
Paris 52, 83, 214, 510 Partai Serikat Liberal 83 Pendidikan sekuler 79
Perancis xv, 50, 90, 164, 172, 190, 195-196, 198, 211, 214, 281, 443 Perang Kemerdekaan 197, 223, 245-
246
Perjanjian Berlin 51, 192, 195, 224- 225, 456
Perjanjian Lausanne 197
Perkumpulan Bulan Sabit Hijau 206 Pertempuran Kaukasia 124, 146, 156,
165-166, 170, 189, 193, 208, 225 Philip H. Stoddard 153
Positivisme ilmiah 52
Prinsip sekularisme 321, 324, 449, 475
Provinsi Balkan 73, 139
Q
Qadiri 4, 43
Qizil Ijaz ala Sullam 156
r
Ramazanoglu, Mustafa 345, 371, 399 Ramiz, Ahmad 152-153
Re’fet Bey 16, 294, 310, 313-314 Reaksi (irtica) 104
Reaksioner (murteci) 104
Reformasi pendidikan 35, 38-49, 56, 62-63, 87, 157
Rehber-i Vatan 80
Republik sekuler x, 324, 327 Resad, Sultan (Mehmed) 151, 203 Revolusi Bolshevik 187
Revolusi kebudayaan 279
Revolusi konstitusional 53, 63, 132, 150, 222
Riza, Ahmet 27, 44, 46, 52, 55, 80, 83, 101, 107, 115, 152, 193-194, 253, 260, 264, 276, 287, 289, 312-313, 346, 408, 432, 434, 438, 445, 450, 454, 480, 509
Riza, Ahmet 52, 80, 83, 101 Rumelia 73-74, 78, 82, 149, 152, 155 Rumi, Maulana Jalaludin 243 Rumuz 210, 217, 229
Rusia xv, 20, 51, 123-124, 132-133, 146, 159, 164-180, 181-182, 184- 185, 186-190, 193, 195, 200, 209- 210, 225, 231, 239, 253, 258, 389
s
Sabahaddin Bey 84 Sabis, Jendral 166
Sabri, Mustafa xvi, 22-26, 38, 40, 45,
47, 168, 183-185, 189, 191, 207, 213, 222-224, 227, 244-251, 254, 264, 267-268, 276, 278-282, 294, 297, 312, 318, 324, 345, 371, 384, 388, 390, 392, 396, 398-399, 411, 417, 423, 429, 432, 437, 438, 441, 446, 455, 462, 465, 478, 480, 487 Sadik Bey, Taskoprulu 336, 377 Said Molla 212, 219, 228 Şark ve Kürdistan Gazetesi 60 Sebilurresad (majalah) 71, 229 Sefik Pasya 69
Selahaddin Celebi 121, 275, 367, 369, 371, 389-391, 399, 416, 437, 456 Selim, Sultan 29, 68
Serbesti 101-102, 105, 228 Serif Pasya 214-216 Seyyid Sibghatullah 10 Sipkan 61
Sirat-i Mustidakim 71
Sirhindi, Syekh Ahmad 242-243, 347- 356
Skopje 150-151
Sufi 2, 43, 79, 112, 236, 242, 244, 351, 518-519
Sukru Kaya 309, 316-318, 320, 364, 385
Sukru Saracoglu 364, 385
Sungur, Mustafa 38, 47, 227, 244, 254, 312, 399, 437, 441, 446, 455, 462, 465, 480, 493
Sunuhat 32, 205, 210, 221, 230, 237
T
Ta’liqat 156, 163, 189, 210 Tagi, Abdurrahman v, 5, 8, 32, 34,
43-47, 54, 90, 146, 163, 172, 185, 190-194, 201, 208, 220-221, 224,
226-229, 239, 241, 292-294, 297, 313, 338, 399, 407-410, 509 Tahir Pasya, Iskodrali 36 Tal’at Bey 73, 182
Tandogan, Nevzat 280, 369, 373 Tanin 115, 121, 193
Tanzimat x, 19, 36, 49-51, 63, 278-279 Tarekat Sanusi 28-29, 155, 250, 252 Tevafukat 301, 338, 359, 411, 445 Thomas Carlyle 142
Tiflis 123-124, 146, 182, 185 Turkistan 124, 166, 223
u
Urfa 26, 129, 138, 487, 490, 494-500 Usmani iii, vi, ix, x, xi, xii, xvi, 3, 19-
22, 28, 37, 44, 46-47, 49-50, 54, 60, 67, 74-77, 81-82, 84-87, 92-93, 110, 112, 121, 126, 132-134, 142-143, 146-147, 149, 152-153, 158-159, 164, 166-167, 169-170, 174, 176, 182, 190, 193, 195-198, 203, 205- 206, 209-216, 223, 225, 230, 233, 236, 245, 253, 278, 283, 336, 347, 427, 432, 460, 463, 469, 505, 506
V
Vahdeti, Hafiz Dervis 101 Van Bismarck 142 Vatikan 457, 479
Volkan (majalah) 90, 92, 95-97, 100- 105, 111, 117-120, 252, 450, 511 Volkan (surat kabar) 90, 95-96, 101,
104-105
W
Wahabi 18-19
Wahideddin, Sultan 245
Warsawa 192
westernisasi x, xv, xvi, xvii, 49, 104, 278, 328, 335, 340, 402, 458
Y
Yegin, Abdullah 359, 362, 365, 373, 487, 495, 497, 504
Yucel, Hasan Ali 364
Yuksel, Bayram 373, 462-463, 494- 495, 504
Yunani 56, 58, 87, 107, 133, 136, 152, 195-196, 217-218, 225, 232, 237, 246, 252, 295, 347, 423, 457, 461
Z
Zakat 9, 217, 234-235, 459
Zulfikar 397-401, 428, 447, 456, 479
