ERROR ANALYSIS ON DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS MADE BY THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP N 2 COLOMADU
IN 2014/2015 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
RETNO WIDIASTUTIK A 320 110 116
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
M O T T O
Never ever blame other people, but blame yourself to
correct your mistakes
(Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum.)
Hardworking is the other name of miracle
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
In the name of God Most Gracious, Most Merciful Peace and God
Blessing on we all. Alhamdullilahirabil alamin, glory to God Most High, Full of
Grace and Mercy, the Sustainer of the world that because of His blessing and
guidance, the writer is finally able to finish writing her entitled Error Analysis on
Descriptive Texts Made by the Eighth Grade Students in SMP N 2 Colomadu in
2014/2015 Academic Year as one of the requirements for getting bachelor degree
of education in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Praise is also given to the great messenger, Muhammad SAW, Peace be upon him,
glory person who gives his blessing to his masses in the next day.
In accomplishing this research paper, the writer gets much help and
guidance from others. Therefore, she would like to express her greatest gratitude
to the following people;
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., as Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, for approving
this research paper,
3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum., as the first consultant, who already guided and advised patiently in correcting this research paper. More than
millions of thanks and deeply sorry from the writer’s heart is for her,
4. Siti Fatimah, S.Pd., M. Hum., the second consultant who always supported and guided her until she finished writing this research paper,
5. Mr. Sulakir, S. Pd., M. Pd., as the headmaster of SMP N 2 Colomadu for permitting her observe the data of this research,
6. Mr. Suharto, S. Pd., as the English teacher of SMP N 2 Colomadu who helped the writer for taking the data, thank you for being a nice teacher,
7. Mrs. Ika Yuniati Rozi Safitri, S. Pd., as her English teacher when the writer in Islamic Vocational High School, thank you for supporting her to take
English department as her major,
8. All lecturers in English Department who cannot be mentioned one by one,
thanks a lot for teaching her this so far,
9. Her lovely parents Mr. H. Jamal as her great father, her hero, her mentor and
Mrs. Hj. Manisah as her good mother. Thank you very much for the prayers, loves, support, and spirit, and become good parents in the world, love you so
much,
10. Her little brothers Andre Ardiansyah, Sigit Trianto Aji and Sigit Adi Trianto who gives her spirit to be a good sister,
11. Her mentor dr. Fahri Husaini Alkaff who always be a special person, thank
you for giving motivation for the writer to be better person in her life and the
12. Her sweet friends “The Bandit” Painah, Titik, Kenyum, Nisul, Nitnut, Mbem, Biru, Papa Rop, Rikek, Kucing, Tokim, Kopet, Eriga,
13. Her nice friend in campus like Adam, Nanda, Momon, Dyah, Arin, and the
other students in class C who cannot be mentioned one by one,
14. Her great friends Lusi Ayus and Bety Kusuma Wardhani, thank you so much for helping the writer when she did not understand about something in
her lessons. Then, Anggarani “dudut” Dias and Ambar Sari, thank you so much for giving information when the writer needs and always support her
for finishing this research,
15. Her friends in Maritza boarding house like Mimi, Habibah, Alya, Mbak Sari. Then her friend’s Gontory, Mita Apriliawati and Meita A. Wisty, and others who cannot be mentioned one by one. The writer got nice memory
with them when stayed in that place and felt happy because of them,
16. Everyone who can’t be mentioned one by one for the spirit and support in finishing this report.
The writer realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect, in
order to make it better, the writer accepts some advice and criticism. The last, the
writer wishes this research paper would be useful for us.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, June 2015
SUMMARY
Retno Widiastutik. A320110116. ERROR ANALYSIS ON DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS MADE BY THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP N 2 COLOMADU IN 2014/2015 ACADEMIC YEAR. The Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2015
The aims of this research are: (1) to describe errors made by eighth grade students of SMP N 2 Colomadu in their writing descriptive texts, (2) identifying the types of lexical errors, grammatical errors, and discourse errors and also explain the frequency of each type of errors, and (3) describing the dominant type of errors, and identifying the sources of errors.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research because there is made by students there is VIIIA, (2) asking the students to make descriptive texts in a topic given by the researcher, (3) reading the students’ texts one by one, marking erroneous sentences based on the data, (4) writing the erroneous sentences on the notebook, (5) grouping the data into general classifications of errors, (6) identifying erroneous sentence found in the data, and (7) listing erroneous sentences into classification of errors. The researcher uses James’ theory for classification, Dulay, et al.’s theory, and Brown’s theory for sources of errors.
The result of this study shows that the researcher found in the lexical level they are: wrong spelling 11, 70%, and code switching 3, 54%. Then in the grammatical level, found 16 types of errors which divided into some parts, they are the use of verb tense divided into three, they are: the use of V1 without (-s) for 3rd person singular 13, 12%, the wrong form of V1 for 3rd person singular 10, 28%, and the use of V1 for gerund 2, 48%. Then for BE divided into four, they are: addition of BE in the present tense 8, 86%, omission of BE as predicate 6, 73%, and the wrong selection of BE 1, 41%, and the use of BE 1, 06%. The next for article is addition of article 7, 80%. The error in pronoun divided into seven, they are: subjective for possessive pronoun 7, 09%, the wrong selection of pronoun 3, 90%, omission of possessive 1, 06%, possessive for subjective pronoun 0, 70%, addition of possessive 0, 70%, subjective for objective pronoun 0, 35%, and the wrong form of relative clause 0, 35%. Then the last error in grammatical level is misordering 5, 67%.The discourse level found 4 types of errors they are: generic structure 9, 21%, reference 1, 77%, conjunction 1, 77%, and language feature 0, 35%. The highest percentage of error is the use of V1 without (-s) for 3rd person singular is 37 errors (13, 12%).
DEDICATION
I gratefully dedicate this research paper to:
My greatest father and mother “H. Jamal” and “Hj. Manisah”, My beloved brothers “Andre, Aji and Adi”,
My consultants and lecturers,
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Limitation of the Study ... 4
C. Problem Statement ... 4
D. Objective of the Study ... 5
E. Significance of the Study ... 5
F. Research Paper Organization ... 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 7
A. Previous Study ... 7
B. Notion of Errors Analysis ... 12
C. Pedagogical Goal of Error Analysis ... 13
D. Errors and Mistakes ... 13
E. Classification of Error ... 14
1. Linguistic Category Taxonomy ... 14
a. Morphological Error ... 15
b. Grammatical Error ... 15
c. Discourse... 16
2. The Surface Strategy Taxonomy ... 18
b. Addition ... 18
c. Misformation... 19
d. Misordering... 20
3. Comparative Taxonomy ... 20
a. Development Error... 20
b. Interlingual Error ... 21
4. Communicative Effect Taxonomy ... 21
a. Global Error ... 21
b. Local Error ... 21
F. Sources of Errors ... 22
1. Interlingual Transfer ... 22
2. Intralingual Transfer ... 22
3. Context of Learning ... 23
4. Communicative Strategy Based Errors ... 23
G. English Text ... 24
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ... 26
A.Type of the Research ... 26
B.Subject and Object of the Research ... 26
C.Data and Data Source ... 27
D.Method of Collecting Data ... 27
E. Technique for Analyzing Data ... 28
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ... 29
A.Research Finding ... 29
B.Discussion of Finding ... 60
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ... 66
A.Conclusion ... 67
B.Pedagogical Implication ... 68
C.Suggestion ... 70
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 72
