AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BALINESE PURPLE SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.) PREVENTS OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DECREASES BLOOD INTERLEUKIN-1 IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBITS.

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SPLENIC INFARCTION: an intriguing and important cause of pain abdomen in high altitude

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EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT DETERGENT SOLUTIONS AS LARVISIDE FOR AEDESAEGYPTI

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BALINESE PURPLE SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.) PREVENTS

OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DECREASES BLOOD INTERLEUKIN-1 IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC

RABBITS

I M. Jawi, A. W. Indrayani, I W. P. Sutirta-Yasa

| DOI:

10.15562/bmj.v4i1.125

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Giant Ovarian cyst in Term Pregnancy - A rare case report

Basanta Manjari Hota, Radha Rukmini K, Prabhakar Gowdar Channa Basavaih

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I D. M. Sukrama

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LARVAE

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

RABBITS

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10.15562/bmj.v4i1.125

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REVIEW

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10.15562/bmj.v4i1.101

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CASE REPORT

Online First: March 07, 2015

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

I D. M. Sukrama

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10.15562/bmj.v4i1.108

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

LARVAE

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10.15562/bmj.v4i1.111

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

RABBITS

| DOI:

10.15562/bmj.v4i1.125

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REVIEW

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CASE REPORT

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Home > Editorial Board

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

Prof. Dr. Sri Maliawan, SpBS

(Scopus ID= 15738530400, h-index= 3, maliawans@yahoo.com)

Department of Neuro Surgery, Udayana University

Sanglah General Hospital

Bali - Indonesia

Associate Editor

Prof. Putra Manuaba, M.Phil

(Scopus ID= 8412278400, h-index= 1, putramanuaba28@yahoo.com)

Biomedicine Postgraduate Program, Udayana University

Bali - Indonesia

Editorial Board for Regional America

Ankit Sakhuja, M.B.B.S., F.A.C.P., F.A.S.N.

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Editorial Board for Regional Australia

Prof. John Svigos, MB. BS. DRCOG., FRCOG., RANZCOG

(Scopus ID= 6603773825, h-index= 7 ,jsvigos@iprimus.com.au)

Ashford Hospital & Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia

Editorial Board for Regional Europa

Prof. Harald Hoekstra

(Scopus ID= 36038081900, h-index= 53 ,jsvigos@iprimus.com.au)

Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Division of Surgical Oncology, Groningen the

Netherland

Prof. A. A. W. Peters, MD., PhD

(Scopus ID= 7402105952, h-index= 18, peters@balimedicaljournal.org)

Leiden University Medical Center - LUMC, Department of Gynecology, Leiden, Netherland

Editorial Board for Regional Asia

Prof Huang Qin

(Scopus ID= 8570628900, h-index= 1, qhuang@cqu.edu.cn)

Chairman Dept. of Neurosurgery, Guangdong 999 Hospital Guangzhou China

Dr. P.S. Ramani M.D

(Scopus ID= 7003454654, h-index= 5, ramani@balimedicaljournal.org)

Professor and Head Dept. of Neurospinal Surgery, University of Mumbai-India

Prof. Soo Khee Chee

(Scopus ID= 7005885770, h-index= 8, kheechee.soo@duke-nus.edu.sg)

SGH (Singapore General Hospital), National University Hospital, Duke Medical Center

Singapore

Prof. Shukla

(Scopus ID= 7103167378, h-index= 29, shukla@balimedicaljournal.org)

Banaras Hindu University Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi India

Dr. Junichi Mizuno, Ph.D

(Scopus ID= 7006425415, h-index= 16, junichi@balimedicaljournal.org)

Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Iwanuma, Miyagi, Japan

Editorial Board Members

Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Bakta, Sp.PD(KHOM)

(Scopus ID= 6603197439, h-index= 3, bakta@balimedicaljournal.org)

Udayana University, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali-Indonesia

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(Scopus ID= 12140226200, h-index= 2, sukadewi@balimedicaljournal.org)

Postgraduate Program Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali-Indonesia

Prof . Dr. dr. IB Tjakra Wibawa Manuaba SpB K.Onk MPH

(Scopus ID= 22953883500, h-index= 2, tjakra@balimedicaljournal.org)

Udayana University, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali-Indonesia

Prof. Ketut Suwiyoga, SpOG

(suwiyoga@balimedicaljournal.org)

Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia

Prof. Andi Asadul Islam

(asadul@balimedicaljournal.org)

Faculty of Medicine Hasanudin University, Makasar-Indonesia

Prof. Dr. dr. Abdul Hafid Bajamal, Sp.BS

(bajamal@balimedicaljournal.org)

Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Surabaya-Indonesia

Prof. I Ketut Siki Kawiyana SpB, SpOrtho

(kawijaya@balimedicaljournal.org)

Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali-Indonesia

Dr. AAGede Oka

(oka@balimedicaljournal.org)

Sanglah General Hospital, Bali-Indonesia

Dr. Sudarsa SpB

(sudarsana@balimedicaljournal.org)

Dr Steven Christian SPB

(christian@balimedicaljournal.org)

Sanglah General Hospital, Bali-Indonesia

Dr. Nyoman Semadi SpB

(semadi@balimedicaljournal.org)

Thorax and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali-Indonesia

Dr. Wayan Sutarga

(sutarga@balimedicaljournal.org)

Dr. dr. Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa, SpBS., M.Kes

(Scopus ID= 6507494320, h-index= 2, mahadewa@balimedicaljournal.org)

Sanglah General Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. dr. Raka Widiana, SpPD KGH

(widiana@balimedicaljournal.org)

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Bali Medical Journal (Bali Med. J.) 2015, Volume 4, Number 1: 37-40

P-ISSN.2089-1180, E-ISSN.2302-2914

Open access:

www.balimedicaljournal.org

and

www.ojs.unud.ac.id

37

AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BALINESE PURPLE SWEET

POTATO (

IPOMOEA BATATAS

L.) PREVENTS OXIDATIVE

STRESS AND DECREASES BLOOD INTERLEUKIN-1

IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBITS

1

I M. Jawi,

2

A. Wiwiek Indrayani,

2

I W. P. Sutirta-Yasa

1

Departement of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia

2

Departement of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia

Background:

Hypercholesterolemia can cause oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and

atherosclerosis. Anthocyanin can prevent oxidative stress, it will decrease the inflammation by

decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokine in animal models. Purple sweet potato in Bali has been

proven of having high anthocyanins content. The aim of these study was to prove the ability of

aqueous extract of Balinese purple sweet potato (

Ipomoea batatas

L.) in decreasing the blood

interleukin-1 level in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Methods:

Subjects of this study were 18 male

adult rabbits divided into 3 groups with randomized post-test only control group design. Group 1

rabbits were given standard diet as a control group. Group 2 rabbits were given high cholesterol diet.

Group 3 rabbits were given aqueous extract of Balinese purple sweet potato 4 ml/Kg.BW/day and high

cholesterol diet. After 60 days of treatment, the blood level of total cholesterol, MDA and

interleukin-1 were measured as post test examination. The data were analysed by using anova.

Results:

The

results showed significant increases of blood total cholesterol, MDA, and interleukin-1 in group 2

(

p

<0.05). In group 3 the increases of blood total cholesterol and MDA levels were sligthly lower than

the group 2 (

p

<0.05). Group 3 also showed significantly lower of blood interleukin-1 levels than those

in group 2 (

p

<0.05).

Conclusion:

From this finding, it can be concluded that aqueous extract of

Balinese purple sweet potato can decrease oxidative stress and decrease the level of interleukin-1 in

hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Keywords: purple sweet potato; oxidative; stress, IL-1; rabbits

INTRODUCTION

Atherosclerosis is a vascular disorder that is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases in the world. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process involving the proinflammatory interleukin in vascular endothelium.1,2 Inflammation that occurs in endothelial usually preceded by the presence of endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress will cause changes in intracellular signaling resulting in the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), which will lead to increased production of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and other proinflammatory interleukin.3 Plants foods that contain anthocyanins are supposed to prevent oxidative stress in order to prevent atherosclerosis, through hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant in vivo and in vitro and anti-inflammatory.4-6

Address of Correspondence: I M. Jawi

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia Email: made_jawi@yahoo.co.id

Purple sweet potato tubers from several countries have demonstrated varying levels of anthocyanin and has antioxidant properties.4-6 Purple sweet potato tubers in Bali have been proven to contain high anthocyanins and has been shown to be an antioxidant in animals model.6-8

Aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tuber is one of the simple products manufactured and has been shown to be hypolipidemic and can increase total antioxidant in hypercholesterolemic rabbits,8 It is expected aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tuber can reduce levels of interleukin-1, therefore, it can inhibits vascular endothelial inflammation. To prove this hypothesis the study conducted in rabbits given high-cholesterol diet for 60 days.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

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38

Group 2 was given a high cholesterol diet. Group 3 is given a high cholesterol diet and aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tubers with a dose of 4 ml / kg bw/day by mixing with food, as the treatment group.

High cholesterol diet is a special diet, that consists of a mixture of rabbit food pellets brand gold blend and 1 egg yolk/day for one rabbit, for 60 days of treatment. After 60 days of treatment blood test is conducted on all rabbits. Blood is taken from a vein in the rabbit ear for examination of blood total cholesterol, MDA and the levels of interleukin-1. MDA examination conducted by the TBARS method, while the examination of the interleukin-1 by Elisa Kit. The data were analyzed by applying Oneway-Anova statistical test.

RESULTS

Blood Total Cholesterol of Rabbits

Data of blood total cholesterol were presented in Figure 1.

0 50 100 150 200 250

Group of Rabbit

[image:7.595.88.271.314.442.2] [image:7.595.328.517.335.483.2]

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 to tal c ho le st e ro l ( m g /dl ) Figure 1

Average of Blood Total Cholesterol in 3 Groups of Animals

Note: Group 1 is the control group, Group 2 is the group given high-cholesterol diets and Group 3 is the group given high-cholesterol diets and water extract of purple sweet potato tubers.

Blood MDA Level

Average blood MDA level data were presented in Figure 2

0 5 10

Groups of Rabbit

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 bl o o d M D A (m m o l/L) Figure 2

Average Blood MDA Level of Rabbit

Figure 2 shows group 2 (given high-cholesterol diet) an increase in blood MDA significantly (p<0.05), compared to control (Group 1) and the treatment group (Group 3). In the group given

aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tuber, occurs decreased of MDA significantly (p<0.05) compared with group 2. This research shows that the state of hypercholesterolemia caused increased MDA. Provision of aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tuber can prevent the increase of MDA due to hypercholesterolemia.

Interleukin-1 of the Blood

The result of interleukin-1 level in the blood of rabbits with high cholesterol diet increase significantly compared to the control group and treatment group (p<0.05). The average levels of interleukin-1 in the control group were 0.064±0.008 pg/ml, whereas in high cholesterol group was 0.069 ± 0.002 pg/ml. The interesting result of this study is after the high-cholesterol diet with aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tuber the titer of interleukin-1 was decreased (0.063 ± 0.002pg/ml) significantly compared with the group with high cholesterol diet (p<0.05). The comparison of results of the interleukin-1 can be seen in Figure 3.

0.06 0.062 0.064 0.066 0.068 0.07

Groups of Rabbit

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 B lo o d IL-1 L e v e l ( pg /m l) Figure 3

Comparison of blood levels of interleukin-1 of rabbit

DISCUSSION

Figure 1 shows the average of blood total cholesterol increased in the rabbits given high-cholesterol diet for 60 days. The increase was highly significant (p <0.05), compared with group 1 and group 3. The average of total cholesterol in group 1 (control) was 100.200 ± 2.00, group 2 was 215.400 ± 8.49, and group 3 was 144.133 ± 4.34.

In this study, high-cholesterol feeding for 60 days led to an increase in total cholesterol, MDA and interleukin-1 levels were significantly (p

<0.05). Hypercholesterolemia is happening will cause an increase in ROS through activation of NADPH oxidase enzyme,9 resulting in an increase in MDA.10,11 Feeding high cholesterol along with aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tuber caused a decrease in total cholesterol, MDA and interleukin-1 were significantly (p<0.05).

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39

anthocyanin can improve lipid profiles,13,14 through inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, decreased production of lipoproteins in the liver and modulates LDL receptors.14

The results in this study are consistent with several studies examining the benefits of anthocyanins from various plants, in the vital organs such as; to reduce oxidative stress in the liver tissue,15 and vascular endothelial.16 Research on tissue culture incubated with high anthocyanin from extracts of black rice, there was a significant reduction in oxidative stress by reducing the formation of superoxide.10

The reduced of blood total cholesterol levels due to the aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tuber will prevent the oxidative stress resulting in decreased blood MDA. As a result of the reduction in oxidative stress would improve endothelial function, preventing inflammation in the endothelium resulting in decreased interleukin-1. Interleukin-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that can increase the expression of various inflammatory mediators through the activation of NF-kB.17 Anthocyanins and other flavonoids may prevent the activation of NF-kB and therefore reduces the production of various proinflammatory cytokine.18,19

CONCLUSION

From these results it can be concluded that, aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tuber has an ability to prevent oxidative stress in the blood and decrease the interleukin-1 by decreasing total cholesterol in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank to Research & Development Unit of Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia for financially supported of this research.

REFERENCES

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2. Phipps, R. P. 2000. Athrosclerosis: The Emerging Role of Inflammation and CD 40-CD 40 Ligand System. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97: 6930-6932.

3. Han K H, Matsumoto A, Shimada K, Sekikawa M, Fukushima M.2007. Effects of anthocyanin-rich purple potato flakes on antioxidant status in F344 rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Br J Nutr. 98(5):914-21.

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15.Guzik T J, Olszanecki R, Sadowski J, Kapelak B, Rudzinski P, Jopek A, Kawczynska A, Ryszawa N, Loster J, Jawien J, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Channon K M, Korbut R. 2005. Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Expression in Human Venous and Arterial Bypass Graft Vessels.Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 56(2): 313-323.

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17.Curti M L R, Jacob P, Borges M C, Rogero M M, and Ferreira S R G. 2011. Studies of Gene Variants Related to Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Dyslipidemia, and Obesity: Implications for a Nutrigenetic Approach. Journal of Obesity, Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 497401, 31 pages

18.Ahmed S, Wang N, Hafeez B B, Cheruvu V K, and Haqqi T M. 2005. Punica granatum L. Extract Inhibits IL-1β–Induced Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Inhibiting the Activation of MAP Kinases and NF-κB in Human Chondrocytes In Vitro. J Nutr. 135(9): 2096–2102.

19.Rasheed Z, Akhtar N, Anbazhagan1 A N, Ramamurthy S, Shukla M, and Haqqi T M. 2009. Polyphenol-rich pomegranate fruit extract (POMx) suppresses PMACI-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the activation of MAP Kinases and NF-κB in human KU812 cells. Journal of Inflammation.6(1):9255-61.