NATIJn.ALNESS AND l'"N'NA'TUR.ALI'il:~SS lN ENGLISH VERSION TFXT OF \'?1(iit¥ OIL PALltf TilE SOUR(:E OF OIL
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Progr'ltm In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D~ret
Magister Humaniora
:'TATE UNlVEHS~TV OF MlOA~
ACKNOWI.EDGEMENT
Bismillahirahmanirrahim
In the name of Allah SWT, Most Gracious and Most Merciful, praise be to Allah, the Almighty God who has granted, countless blessing, knowledge, and opportunity to the writer so that she has been finally able to accomplish her thesis. Peace and prayers be presented upon His last Prophet and Messenger, Muhammad SAW.
This thesis could have completed because of the guidance, encouragement, suggestions, and comments from several people, for which she would like to extend her sincere and special
thanks.
On this occasion, she would like to express her sincere gratitude to Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A, Ph.D, her first adviser, who has spent time to give guidance and advice. Her deepest gratitude is also expressed to
Dr.
Eddy Setia, M.Ed, TESP, her second adviser, who has kindly assisted her in giving advice and guidance to make this thesis complete.Her great appreciation is addressed to Prof.
Dr.
Busmin Guming, M.Pd, the head of English Applied Linguistics Study, and to Prof.Dr.
Lince Sihombing, M.Pd, the secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study for their administrative assistance...
her reviewers and examiners for the worthy inputs to be including in this thesis. She is also intellectual debt to all lecturers of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who have been her inspiration during the academic years and also during the completion of this thesis.
Finally, she is grateful to her beloved parents, Supendi and Sugini and also her lovely friends Ayu Indari, Bro Herman, Sis Sisil, Ade, Ayu Asrul, Meida, Rini, Minar, Yudi, Sarah, Lis, Afifah, Mam Yati, Mr. lndra and all friends in intake XV class for their friendship and cooperation and for attention, support, and encouragement given to her during the academic years.
Thank you so much. May Allah bless us.
Medan, August 2011 The writer
DEWI NURMALA
ABSTRACT
Nurmala, DewL 082188330106. Naturalness and Unnaturalness in English Version Text of Kid Story Oil Palm the Source of Oil. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistic Study Program, State University of Medan.lOll
This thesis is the result of research of naturalness in translation. The objectives of this study are to observe and ascertain the naturalness and the unnaturalness in
translation in the kid story book. Furthermore, this research is also eager to find out the factors influence the naturalness and the unnaturalness in translation. The instrument of this study is a docwnent-that is the kid story book in bilingual; Indonesian to English. It is in Indonesian version in which it is written by Indonesian. The method used in this study is qualitative research method where
the data collected are in the form of words and sentences. The source of the data is
the bilingual kid story book. The data are taken from the story of the kid story book. Having analyzed the data, it is gained that there are 52 sentences that is
natural and the unnatural one is 28. The percentage is 65% and 35%. The naturalness is influenced by linguistic factor (15%) and personal factor is (50%).
The uiifuitur.iliiess is iiifluenced by lliiguiStic factOr tliat numbers 3 3. 7% arid
cultural factor is 1.3% in this kid story book. Linguistic factor in naturalness covers the use of an appropriate grammar and lexical items in the target language (English) while the unnaturalness in translation does not use the appropriate grammar and lexical items. The personal factor in naturalness covers the personality of the translator in translating a text in the target language and the cultural one in unnaturalness in translation relates to the culture of the source and the target language. The main focus is in the choice of lexical items in the target language. Then, the dominant factor that influences the naturalness is personal factor (500/o) and the dominant factor that im1uences the unnaturalness is
,.
ABSTRAK
Nurmala, Dewi. 082188330106. Naturalness and Unnaturalness in English Version Text of Kid Story
OU Palm the Source of OU.
Thesis. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa baggris. Universitas .Negeri Medan. 2011Tesis ini merupakan basil penelitian dari kealamian dalam terjemahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati dan mengetahui dengan pasti kealamian
dan ketidakalamian dalam terjemahan di buku cerita anak. Selanjutnya, penelitian
ini juga ingin mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi kealamian dan
ketidakalamian dalam terjemahan. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah dokumen-yang cerita anak buku bilingual, dari bahasa Indonesia ke lnggris. Terjemahan ini
dalam versi bahasa Indonesia yang ditulis oleh penulis Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dimana data dikumpulkan dalam bentuk kata dan kalimat. Sumber data adalah buku anak
bilingual cerita. Data diambil dari kisah buku cerita anak ini. Setelah menganalisis data, diperoleh bahwa ada 52 kalimat yang alami dan 28 kalimat yang tidak alami. Persentasenya 65% dan 35%. Kealamian dipengaruhi oleh faktor linguistik (15%) dan kepribadian (50%) dari penulis dalam menerjemahkan sedangkan ketidakalamian dipengaruhi oleh faktor linguistik (33,?0..11) dan budaya (1,3%) dalam buku cerita anak ini. Faktor linguistik mencakup penggunaan tata bahasa dan penggunaan kata-kata yang tepat dalam bahasa target (bahasa Inggris) sementara ketidakalamian dalam terjemahan tidak menggunakan tata bahasa dan penggunaan kata-kata yang tepat . Sementara faktor pribadi meliputi kepribadian penerjemah dalam menerjemabkan teks dalam bahasa target dan faktor budaya dalam terjemahan berhubungan dengan budaya dari bahasa sumber dan bahasa target. Folrus utama tesis adalah dalam pemilihan unsur .leksikal dalam bahasa
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ... .i
ABSTRAK ... ii
ACKNOWLEDMENTS ... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... v
LIST OF TABLES ... vii
LIST OF FIGURES ...•... viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ... ix
CIIAPTERI :INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 The Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Problems of the Study ... 6
1.3 The Objective of the Study ... 6
1.4 The
Scope
ofthe Study ... ? 1.5 The Significant of the Study ... 71.5.1 Theoretically ... ? 1.5.2 Practically ...•..•...•...•..•...•.•....•...•.... 8
CHAPTER U : REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 9
2.1 Theoretical Framework ... 9
2.1.1 Translation ... 9
2.1.1.1 The Methods ofTranslation ... 11
2.1.1.2 Translation and Culture ... 15
,.
2.1.3 The Kid Sto:ry ... 26
2.2 Conceptual Framework ...•...•.... 27
CHAP1'ER
m
:RESEARCH METHOD ... 293.1 Research Design ... 29
3.2 Source of Data ... 29
3.3 Instrument of Data Collection ... 30
3.4 Procedure of Data Collection ... 30
3.5 Technique ofData Analysis ... 31
3.6 Trustworthiness ...•...•...•... 31
CHAPTER I :DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 32
4.1 Data Analysis ...•... 33
4.1.1 How Naturalness and Unnaturalness Occur ... 34
4.1.2 What Factors Influence Naturalness and Unnaturalness ...•.•...•..•.. 36
4.1. 3 The Dominant Factor Influence Naturalness and Unnaturalness ...•...•...•.. 42
4.3 Findings ...•...•. 42
4.3 Discussions ...•...•...•...•.. 44
CHAPTER IV : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... .47
REFERENCES APPENDICES 5.1 Conclusions ...•...•... 47
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Natural and Unnatural Sentences ... 34
Table 4.2 Linguistic Factor ofNaturalness ... 38
Table 4.3 Personal Factor of Naturalness ... 39
Table 4.4 Linguistic Factor of Unnaturalness ... .40
[image:8.519.47.479.53.509.2]..
[image:9.519.46.477.51.515.2]LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Nida's Three-stage System of Translation ... 10 Figure 4.1 The Chart Percentage of Factors Influence Naturalness and
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of the Study
Meaning is the important part in translation. However, the process of transferring meaning from one language (source language) to another one (target language) is not as easy as it seems. It involves a set of changes in the form of words. The form of a language refers to the actual words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, etc, which are spoken or written. In other words, it refers to the surface structure of language.
In translation, the form of the source language is replaced by the form of the receptor (target) language. However, the form expresses a variety of meaning. The form relates to lexicon and grammar while meaning to semantics. Each language has its own distinctive forms for representing meaning. In translation, meaning is the main point. Larson (1984: 38) states that the implicit meaning is the meaning that expresses something without being stated directly while the explicit meaning that expresses as what it is. Implicit meaning is corresponding to sense stated by Jackson and Amvela (2000: 91)
that
sense is the internal meaning relation in the linguistic system of a language.Meaning of translation determines whether the translation is acceptable or not. The acceptability of translation depends on the naturalness of translation. One
2
acceptable and uses the common words in TL and does not change the meaning that is implied in the original text. However, unnatural translation is marked by interference, primarily from the SL text, possibly from a third language known to the translator including his own, if it is not the target language.
Then,
Lan
(2006: 13) states that unnatural translation does not gravely spoil the general meaning of the text; nonetheless, to some extent, it distorts the writer's intention, disappoints readers for not meeting naturalness. In other word, unnaturalness in translation is the failure of transferring the meaning from the source language to the target language.From this theory, some students of university had made a research of naturalness in translation. One had observed the method of translation based on Newmark's theory and presents the naturalness and accu.--acy of the methods. The objects of observation are ten students from translating class. The books which are translated are three children stories from English to Indonesian. The three children stories entitled Little Lily at F1ower Land, Little Lily at candy Land and The Sky is Falling that consists of 106 sentences. From the observation, the writer found that
most students used the communicative translation method in translating the children stories and they
had
achieved thenaturalness
in translation (Utari.2008).
Then, there is also one researcher that observed the naturalness of idiom
expressions used in a novel entitled Wanderlust by Danielle Steel translated by Thress Susilastuti into Indonesian. In this case, the writer observed what
3
natural in Indonesian. The translation
has
used natural forms of the target language in a way that is appropriate to the kind of text being translated. To find out the naturalness of translation itself, it isrequired
the knowledge of the culture, the situation and the region of the language itself. The factors that can determine the naturalness of translation relate to the linguistic and cultural items (Rini. 2009).Then, the naturalness of translation becomes the important thing in translation. A translator
has
to pay attention to the naturalness of the TT that he or she translates. It becomes the measurement for the translator to makethe
product of translation acceptable for the readers in TL text. The text translated would be meaningful if the readers of the TL text can get the point to the text presented. Here, the naturalness of translation is very useful for a translator.4
above can identified as" Allah", Tuhan", "Yesus", is
based
on the culture of the COWltry.Penonal faetor
was
coded by the translator. The translator's professional and psychological conditions may therefore have a direct influence on the translated text. The personal factors in questions, in which accoWlt for many of the differences between various translation of the same source, are subtle and complex, and it makes the personal factor become the dominant factor. It is dominant because the translator is the most important thing to create a subtitle become a good or not good. In the translator, it combines the linguistics and the culture, that's why the personal factor often appears in the subtitles.Many translators translate the kind of text in the form of bible, novel, and so on. Nuran's (2009) research is one of the researches that proved the naturalness. One of the elements that influence the naturalness is cultural factor. Because of the close relationship between the culture of a community and the language spoken, translation causes overlaps and gaps in the meaning of certain words, thus making it almost impossible to translate literally from source language into a target language. The techniques that are applied by some linguists are to get the translation is acceptable or to find out the naturalness of translation
itself.
Based on the above insights, this study identifies and discusses the
naturalness
of translation in the kid story book. This study also tries to find out the factors that influence the naturalness of translation in the kid story book title Oil6
sentence of dalam beberapa menit, but in English there is the translation of that sentence. So, the readers cannot get the meaning of the translation in the target
lmt~g~.
l.l Problems of the Study
The problems of the study are
1. How do naturalness and unnaturalness occur in the Oil Palm the Source of
om
2. What factors influence naturalness and unnaturalness of translation in this kid story book?
3. WJ:t~t is tile dominant factor of the occurrence of naturalness and unnaturalness in this kid story?
1.3 The Objeetive of the Study The objectives of this study are
1. to describe how naturalness and unnaturalness of translation occur in the
Oil Palm the Source of Oil,
2. to describe wbat ~rs influence na~ and unnaturalness of translation in this kid story book and,
7
1.4 The Scope of the Study
This study is limited to the naturalness and the unnaturalness of translation of the translated children's short story. As the products of translating have been produced in the form of any texts, this study deals only with Oil Palm the Source
of Oil and its translation version, the findings of this study cannot be generalized
to other translated kid story book that is published.
1.5 The Significant of the Study
Findings of the study are expected to be relevant and useful theoretically and practically in some respects. The findings could give the contribution to all the readers of those that are concerned with this field. Here are the usefulness of the findings theoretically and practically.
1.5.1 Theoretically
Theoretically, the usefulness of the findings is the following.
1. the readers can enrich their knowledge on theories of naturalness and unnaturalness to get the information related to translation field and, 2. the study improve the implication of translation theories from source
8
1.5.2 Practieally
Practically, the usefulness of the findings is the following.
1. the naturalness and of translation is useful for the translator to be more careful to translate a text. Naturalness is very acceptable to get the text understanding and the unnaturalness is the unacceptable one,
CHAPTERV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
Having analyzed the data in this kid story book, the conclusions are dtawn
as the following.
l. Naturalness and wmaturalness in translation of this kid story book often occurs. Naturalness occurs when the fourth indicators of naturalness are fulfilled. It is called naturalness if the translation sounds natural, the use of appropriate grammar and lexis, the message is conveyed- as close as possible in the target language, and there is no interference in the TL text from the SL text. Then, it is called unnaturalness if one of the indicators is not fulfilled in translation of this kid story book.
2. The factors that influence the naturalness in this kid story book are linguistic and personal factors. The linguistic factor contains the use of appropriate grammar and lexical item while the personal factor relates to the competence and the experience of the translator in translating the text. Then, the unnaturalness in translation is influenced by the linguistic and cultural factors. The linguistic factor is the use of inappropriate grammar and lexis while the cultural factor is the interference of cultural words from Indonesian into English.
translator is the main key in making decision of the use of appropriate words in the process of translation and the factor that is dominant in influencing the unnaturalness is the linguistic factor. It is seen from the use
of.inappropriate grammar aid lexical items in translation in this kid story book.
$.2~
The kid story book written in bilingual text is the one that is very
important.m.the .learning .prooess.ar Eaglisa for -the .dWdren
.m
lndonesia. Theycan improve their English through this kind of book a1elosed by the picture and the wonderful color. But in the application, the product of the translation should
-be-understood b-y. the .readers-S&<they-~ get the-~-ofmessage.mthe
:n..text
and could learn English correctly. In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are staged as the following.
l-•. By.readisg a.kiaclw.kid-~-book.ia-.hi'inifa181, tlte-dmdreD-.iBteD4ed.in English could add their knowledge in English. So, it is suggested for the translators to be more careful in translating the text and maintain the oaturalDeS& .9f _
tFaRslaUoa
-b¥
.payiat _ atteaUOB.i&. the-use-W.
apfJF9priate grammar and lexical items and also avoids the unnaturalness by using some methods in translating the text so the readers will not misunderstand t&the trauslatioo they. rea4-.persooal.~.eft:Fanslat9£ .. 1a-other.haad,. the. unnaturalness i&~
by the linguistic and cultural factor. So it is suggested that a translator should have a good competence in translation studies and he or she should . have.~experienu amltraiaed.
m
the studieseftfanSlatioo..3. It is suggested to the readers to be thorough to the product of translation in
which the target language is English. It is found that there are many . mistakes made
m
printing. the result. Jt.i& deubtful. that.it is. the mistake. oftechnical process of printing the text in the form of book or of the
translator. But the personal factor of the translator should also get the
:
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