ABSTRAK
Masalah anemia pada pekerja wanita masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Prevalensi anemia pada pekerja wanita di Indonesia sebesar 30-46,6% dan khususnya di PT. X Kabupaten Simalungun sebesar 60,8%. Untuk itu perlu perhatian khusus terhadap salah satu masalah kesehatan ini.
Penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain randomize controlled trial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi Fe, asam folat, vitamin A dan vitamin B12 terhadap kadar hemoglobin pekerja. Intervensi dilakukan selama 8 minggu, yaitu pemberian obat cacing dosis tunggal sebelum suplementasi dan pemberian suplemen berupa kapsul Fe, asam folat dan vitamin A serta kapsul Fe, asam folat dan vitamin B12. Sesuai kriteria inklusi sampel sebanyak 73 orang, yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok kontrol yaitu yang mendapatkan plasebo, sebanyak 25 orang, kelompok Perlakuan I yaitu yang mendapatkan suplemen berisi Fe, asam folat dan vitamin A sebanyak 24 orang, dan kelompok perlakuan II yaitu yang mendapatkan suplemen berisi Fe, asam folat dan vitamin B12 sebanyak 24 orang.
Pengukuran Hemoglobin menggunakan metode Cyanmethemoglobin dan menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer. Konsumsi energi, protein, Fe, asam folat, vitamin A, vitamin B12, dan vitamin C diperoleh melalui metode food recall. Data dianalisis dengan uji Paired Sample T Test.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum suplementasi Fe, asam folat, vitamin A dan vitamin B12 rerata konsumsi energi tergolong cukup/baik, protein cukup, asam folat cukup vitamin A kurang, vitamin B12 kurang dan vitamin C defisit. Namun sesudah suplementasi rerata konsumsi Fe, asam folat, vitamin A dan vitamin B12 meningkat menjadi baik karena ada tambahan asupan dari suplemen yang diberi pada pekerja wanita.
Ada pengaruh suplementasi terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pekerja wanita yang signifikan (p<0,05), yaitu dengan suplementasi Fe, asam folat, vitamin A (perlakuan I) dan suplementasi Fe, asam folat dan vitamin B12 (perlakuan II) berhasil meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin, masing-masing sebesar 1,08 g/dl dan 1,85 g/dl, dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi Fe, asam folat dan vitamin B12 paling berpengaruh (paling efektif dan cepat) dalam meningkatkan kadar Hb dibandingkan dengan suplementasi Fe, asam folat dan vitamin A.
ABSTRACT
The incident of anemia in female workers is still a serious health problem in Indonesia. The prevalence of anemia in female workers in Indonesia is 30% to 46.6%, and especially in PTPN IV, Kebun Aek Nauli, it is 60,8%. Therefore, this health problem should be paid more attention.
The research was an experiment with randomized control trial design. The object of the research was to find out the influence iron, folic acid, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 supplementation on hemoglobin level in workers. Intervention was done within eight weeks by giving de-worming medicine of single dosage before taking and giving the iron, folic acid and vitamin A supplementation and iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. In accordance with the inclusive samples criteria, 73 respondents were divided into three groups: the control group which consisted of 25 respondents took placebo; the treatment group 1 which consisted of 24 respondents took supplement containing Iron, folic acid and vitamin A; and the treatment group II which consisted of 24 respondents took supplement containing iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12.
Hemoglobin was measured by using Cyanmethemoglobin. The consumption of energy, protein, iron, folic acid, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and vitamin C were obtained through the method of food recall. The data were analyzed by using Paired Sample T Test.
The result of the research showed that before supplementation of iron, folic acid, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 were given, the average consumption of energy was adequate/good, protein and folic acid were adequate, vitamin A and vitamin B12 were inadequate, and vitamin C was deficit. However, after supplementation were given, the average consumptions of iron, folic acid, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 gradually became good because there was additional intake from the supplements given to female workers.
Statistic analysis showed that supplementation of iron,folic acid, vitamin A and vitamin B12 can increase haemoglobin level of the female workers significantly (p < 0.05). The supplements of iron, folic acid, and vitamin A (treatment I) and the supplements of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (treatment II) were successful in increasing hemoglobin level of 1.08 g/dl and 1.85 g/dl. The result of Duncan test showed the supplements of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 had more dominant (effective and rapid) influence on increasing Hb level than the supplements of iron, folic acid, and vitamin A.
