MAKALAH AKAR

MAKALAH STRUKTUR DAN PERKEMBANGAN TUMBUHAN MAKALAH STRUKTUR DAN PERKEMBANGAN TUMBUHAN

ANATOMI AKAR  ANATOMI AKAR  OLEH OLEH DEVI ANDRIANI (1413024023) DEVI ANDRIANI (1413024023) DIAN

DIAN PRIYAPRIYANTI (NTI (1413024025)1413024025) HANIFA NURMIRA TAMA (1413024037) HANIFA NURMIRA TAMA (1413024037)

 NORA PRAMAR

 NORA PRAMARTATASARI (1413024057)SARI (1413024057) SHENDY PUSPITA SARI (1413024067) SHENDY PUSPITA SARI (1413024067)

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITA

UNIVERSITAS S LAMPUNGLAMPUNG

2015 2015

KATA PENGANTAR 

A!"#$%&"!' %& $"* +,%-%. /*%&+ "*"-"* -/!"$&." A"! ST ,"* /"! #/&#"!-"* ."!#" $"* -".%*&"N," -/"$" /*%&+ +/!&*" /*%&+ &+" #/*,//+"&-"* #"-""! &*& S!"" $"* +""# +/"% /.8%."! -/"$" %*%*"* -"#&  N"& /+". M%!"##"$ SA' -"./*" /.-" -/&&!"* /&"% /"! /.!"+& #/#""

-&" $".& ""# -/$!"* #/*%% ""# ,"* /*%! /*/"!%"* +//.& +/-"."* &*& M"-""! ,"* /.%$% 9:ANATOMI AKAR:: &*& $&%&+ %*%- #/#/*%!& %"+ -%&"! S/"&* &% %" $&!"."-"* #/*"#"! /*/"!%"* "& "." /#"8" -!%+%+*," /*"* ""&#"*" +.%-%. "*"#& "-".

P/*%&+ #/*,"$".& "!" #"-""! &*& #"+&! "*,"- -/-%."*"**," ,"* $&+/"-"* -//.""+"* -/#"#%"* ,"* /*%&+ #&&-& O/! -"./*" &%' /*%&+ #/*!"."-"* -.&&- $"* +"."* ,"* +&;"*," #/#"*%* %*%- /*,/#%.*""* #"-""! &*&

B"*$". L"#%*' 20 M/& 2015

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang

A-". #/.%"-"* "&"* ""! $".& +%#% %#%!"* $"* &"+"*," /.-/#"* $&  ""! /.#%-""* "*"!' #/+-&%* /.$"" %" "-". ,"* %#%! $& ""+ "*"!H&+/*/+&+ /&$/.#&+ "-". /./$" $/*"* ""* P"$" S/.#"!,"'<&/#  .&#/. "$" "-". /.+&;" /-+".-'+/$"*-"* "$" ""* /.+&;" /*$".-B/.-"+ <&/# $"* ;/# "$" "-". /.+%+%* /.+/"*+/&*'+/$"*-"* "$" ""* /.-"+  /*"*-%*," -"/."'&-"/."' ""% "#;&="+"A-". &$"- #/#%*,"& "" "#"!"* ,"* $"" $&"*$&*-"* $/*"* $"%* "$" ""*A-". &$"- #/#%*,"& +#""'/"& #/#%*,"& %$%* "-". ,"* &$"- "$" -/+/""."**," "$" ""*

K*$&+& &*-%*"* +/.&* -"& #/#/*".%!& /.%#%!"* "-". S&+/# /."-"."* %#%!"* ,"* !&$% $& "*"! -/.&* &"+"*," /.-/#"* /&! "&-P"$" %#%!"* ,"* !&$% "$" "*"! /."+&.' /.-/#"*"* "-".*," $"*-"' #/*$"".' $"* "-".  "/." #/*,/". $/-" $& /.#%-""* "*"!  S.%-%. "-". "*,"- .""#*," B/.$"+".-"* ;%*+&*,"' $&-/*" "-". /*,&#"*'"-". %$"."' "-". +%-%/*' "-".   "*"'"-". /*%*"*'"-". *""+ (*/%#";.)' $"* "-". ,"* /.+&#&+&+ $/*"*  "#%. (#&-.!&>") B/.$"+".-"* "+" %+%*,"' /.$"" $%" &/ "-".',"&% "-". .&#/. 

$"* "-". +/."% ("$=/*&&%+) A-". .&#/. /.-/#"* $".& %%* /#.& ,"* /.""+' +/$"*-"* "-". +/."% /.-/#"* $".& ".&*"* "-". $/"+" ""% $".& "&"* "&* %%! %#%!"* +//.& ""* $"* $"%* S&+/# "-". +/"&"* /+".  D&8,/$*/"/ $"* G,#*+/.#"/ /.$&.& ""+ "-". %*"* ,"* #/#/*%- 8""*  "$" +&+&*," B"&"* $/"+" $".& "-".' ,"* &"+"*," #/*""#& /*/""* +/-%*$/.'

!"*," /.;%*+& +/""& "" /#/"* "$" "*"! $"* %*%- #/*,&#"* "!"* 8"$"*"*P/*"#&"* "&. $"* "."# $&"-%-"* /.%"#" /! +&+/# "-". ,"* #"+&! $""# /.%#%!"* .&#/. A-". M*8,/$*/"/ $/"+" &"+"*," /.%" "-".  +/."% $"* /.-/#"* $".& ""* U#%#*," "-". &*& &$"- #/*""#& /*/""* +/-%*$/.

T&/ "&* %#%# "-". "$" M*8,/$*/"/ "$""! +&+/# "-". +/."% R"$&-%" ,"* /.$"" $""# && /.$&.& ""+ #/.&+/# "-". $"* /./*%- "$"  /.-/8"#"!"* &&A-". G,#*+/.#"/ $"* D&8,/$*/"/ /.-/#"* #/*"$& "-". %*"* $/*"* /.8"""**," P"$" M*8,/$*/"/' "-". &"+"*," #"&  "$" "" /.%#%!"* $"* +&+/# "-". $".& %#%!"* $/"+" /.$&.& ""+ +/%#"! "-". 

1.2 Rumusan Masalah

A B""&#"*" -*+/ ."* $"* +&+/# ."* "$" "-".? B B""&#"*" +.%-%. "-".?

@ B""&#"*" /.-/#"*"* "-".? 1. Tu!uan

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PEMBAHA"AN

A. K#nse$ %rgan &an "'stem %rgan (Akar)

A-". #/#&&-& +.%-%. %". ,"* #/&%&  %$%* "-".' ""* "-".' 8""* "-". ("$" $&-&)' $"* %% "-". S/8"." "*"#& "-". /.$&.& $".& /#" "&"*' /&$/.#&+' -./-+' /*$$/.#&+' $"* +// D& %". &% "$" "&+"* &&;/.%+ ,"&% /&$/.#&+ ,"* /."$" "$" $"/."! %% "-".

1 E&$/.#&+ /.$&.& $".& 1 "&+ +/ ,"* /.+%+%* .""' $&*$* +/ &&+ +/!&*" #%$"! $&/#%+ "&. M/#&&-& ."#%."*% "-". ,"* #/.%"-"* !"+& "-&;&"+ +/ $".& /"-"* &- %#%! ."#%2 "-". &*& /.;%*+& #/#/.%"+ $"* /*,/.""* 2 K./-+ /.$&.& $".& "*,"- +/ $"* /.+%+%* /."&+"&+' $&*$&* +/*," &&+ $"* #/#%*,"& "*,"- .%"* "*".+/ %*%- /.%-"."* "+ ".&*"*".&*"* ,"* /.$"" "$" -./-+ "*"." "&*  "./*-&#' -/*-&#' $"* +-/./*-&#

3 E*$$/.#&+ /./"- $& +//"! $""# -./-+ /*$$/.#&+ /.%" 1 "&+ +/ ,"* /.+%+%+* ."" "*" .%"* "*". +/ $&*$&* +/*," #/*""#& /*/""* "%+ $/./"* +/+/ /*$$/.#&+ $/*"* /*/""* "%+*," $&*"#"-"* &" -"+".&  /*/""* "%+ &*& &$"- $"" $&/#%+ "&. +/!&*" "&. !".%+ #"+%- -/ +&&*$/. %+" #/%& +/ /*$$/.#&+ ,"* $&*$&**," &$"- #/*/"' $&+/% +/ /*/.%+ "&. E*$$/.#&+ #/.%"-"* /#&+"! ,"* /"+ "*"." -./-+ $"* +//

4 S// (S&&*$/. P%+") /./"- $& +//"! $""# /*$$/.#&+ D& "*"." +// /.$"" /.-"+ /*"*-%"* (;/# $"* <&/#)

B. "truktur *ar'ngan Akar

"usunan *ar'ngan Akar Pr'mer Dan "ekun&er

A-". .&#/. "$""! "-". ,"* /.%+ %#%! #/#/+". $"* #/#"*"*' "-". &*& "-"* #/*"$& "-". -- ,"* #/*"* A-". .&#/. +/.&* %" $&+/% $/*"* "-".  %*"* $"* "-". /#"" S/$"*-"* "-". +/-%*$/. "$""! "-". ,"* %#%! $".& "-". "&*' ""% &+" $&+/% "-". 8""*

A-". $""# %#%!"* #/#&&-& ;%*+& $"+".' $&"*"."*," 1 M/."#"-"* %*%!"* $""# "*"!

2 M/*,/." "&. $"* #&*/." $".& "*"! 3 M/*,"%.-"* "!"*"!"*

4 O."* /*,&#"* #"-"*"* 8"$"*"*

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•Bag'an Akar Pr'mer Dan "ekun&er

1. Tu&ung Akar

T%$%* "-". /.$"" $& %%* "-". $"* #/&*$%*& .#/.&+/# "-". +/." #/#"*%  /*/#%+"* "*"! /! "-".' /.$&.& ""+ +/ !&$% ,"* +/.&* #/*"*$%* "& T%$%* "-". /.-/#"* /.%+ #/*/.%+ S/ "&* %". #"&' /.&+"! $".& ,"* "&* $"* !"*8%.' "% $&"*&-"* /! +/ ".% ,"* $&/*%- /! /#%"

2. E$'&erm's

S/ /&$/.#&+ "-". /.$&*$&* &&+ $"* &"+"*," "*" -%&-%" N"#%*' -"$"* -"$"* $&*$&* +/ "&* %". /.-%&-%" @&.& -!"+ "-". "$""! "$"*," ."#% "-".  ,"* /."$""+& %*%- #/*,/." "&.$"* "."# "*"! R"#% "-". "$""! +/ /&$/.#&+ ,"* #/#"*"* -/ %".' /"- %.%+ /.#%-""* "-".' $"* /./*%- "%*

. K#rteks Akar

P"$" %#%*," -./-+ /.$&.& $".& +/ "./*-&# P"$" +/%#"! /+". #*-& ,"* &$"- #//"+-"* -./-+*," +/#"+" "-". #"+&! !&$%' "*,"- +-/./*-&# $&/*%- S/ -./-+ &"+"*," /+". $"* /.="-%" /+". P"+&$ $&$""#*," #/*!&#%* "& L"&+"* "&* $""# /.-/#"* #/*"$& /*$$/.#&+ $"* +"% ""% //."" "&+"* -./-+ "&* %". $"" /.-/#"* #/*"$& /-+$/.#&+

+. Eks#&erm's

P"$" +/%#"! /+". %#%!"*' $&*$&* +/ "$" "&+"* +/ /.%". -./-+ "-"* #/#/*%- "%+' +/!&*" /."$& ".&*"* /&*$%* ".%' ,"-*& /-+$/.#&+ ,"* "-"* #/*"*&-"* /&$/.#&+ S.%-%. $"* +&;" +&-&#&"& +/ /-+$/.#&+ #&.& +/ /*$$/.#&+ D&*$&* .&#/. $&"&+& /! +%/.&* $"* "&+"* &% $&"&+& "& /!

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,. En&#&erm's

D& $"/."! "-". ,"* $&%*"-"* %*%- /*,/.""*' $&*$&* +/ /*$$/.#&+ #/*"*$%* +/"&+ +%/.&* $& $&*$&* "*&-&*"*,"' ,"-*& "$" $&*$&* ."$&" $"* #/&*"* R"#&**," "&+"* &% #/*,/"-"**," $&/.& *"#" &"' $"* $&%%!& *"#" 8"+"., P&" /.+/% #/.%"-"* -/+"%"* "*"." "#/" /*"! $"* $&*$&* .&#/.' /#" +%/.&* $"* &*&* /.+&#"* &-" +/ /."+#&+&+' #"-" ."+ #//"+-"* $&.& $".& $&*$&*' *"#%* /" #//-" "$" &" 8"+".,

• Bag'an-Bag'an Akar "ekun&er

P/#/*%-"* ".&*"* /#%%! +/-%*$/. /! 8"#&%# A" #%" /.-/#"*"* -"#&%# /#%%! "$""! $/*"* /#/"!"* +/ .-"#&%# $& "*"." ;/# .&#/.  $"* <&/# .&#/. ,"* /%# /.$&;/./*+&"+& K"#&%# /.%" +&&*$/. $/*"* /& %".  ,"* /./#"* &*& #/#%*,"& "-&=&"+ ,"* /./$"C $& "&"* $""# ;/#' 8"#&%# #/*!"+&-"* <,/# /&! 8/" $&"*$&*-"* $/*"* $& /#" "&* D& /#" /.+/%' 8"#&%# /&! 8/" /.$.* -/ %". $"* "-!&.*," $&/./! +&&*$/.  ,"* /./& ."" K"#&%# "-"* #/#/*%- +/ <,/# -/" ."! $""# $"* +/ ;/# -/ "."! %".' *"#%* "$" %#%#*," ;./-%/*+& /#/*%-"* <,/# /&! /+".  $&"*$&*-"* $/*"* +/ ;/# H" &%"! ,"* #/*,/""-"* <,/# +/-%*$/. /&! /" $".& "$" ;/# +/-%*$/.

1. Pementukan $er'&erm #leh /el#gen.

P/#/*%-"* /.&$/.# #/*&-%& "-&=&"+ -"#&%# /#%%! $"* &"+"*," #%"& $&/*%- /."#" -"& $""# /.&+&-/P"$" %#%!"* /./*&"' -/"-&;"* 8"#&%# "-".  "-"* $&&.&*& -/"-&;"* /.&$/# $""# "-% ,"* "#" P/.&$/.# ,"* /"! $&/*%-  &$"- "-"* /."!"* "#" -"./*" =%#/ $".& +/ ".% ,"* "$" $&+//"! $""# #"-&*  /+".' $"* "-!&.*," /.&$/.# ".% $&/*%- $&""!*," H" &% $"" /"*+%*  /.%"* -"& !&*"$& /./! .&&$#

2. Akar lateral

A-". #".&+/# /."+" $".& #".&+/# ,"* /./*%- $&$""# &*-"."* /&  //."" +/*&#//. $".& %%* "-". A-". ."/." ""% "-". ".% #/*/#%+ /*$$/.#&+ $"* -./-+ +//"! /#/"!"* $"* /."*"*"* +/ #/*$.* %%* "-". ".% -/"."! /.#%-""* "-". (@/+'16) P"$" $&-& /#/*%-"* "-". "/."

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0. Perkemangan *ar'ngan Akar

P/.&+&" %"#" "$" "" /#/*%-"* "-". "$""! /*,%+%*"* #/.&+/# "/-*," S"" && /.-/8"#"!' .#/.&+/# $& %%* "-". /#.& #/#/*%- "-".   .&#/. S/#/*"." "-". .&#/. %#%!' #/.&+/# "/-+ #/#/./! /*%- /./*%

D&-/*" "$" $% #"8"# /*&+ +%+%*"* +/ "$" #/.&+/# "-". 

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$".& "./*-&# /*,&#"* +/." /.-"+ ;/# $"* <&/# ,"* /.&+"! /! "./*-&# ,"* /". (G"#". 5)

BAB III

PENUTUP

31 K/+&#%"*

1 S.%-%. %#%# "-". /.$&.& $".& E&$/.#&+' K./-+' E*$$/.#&+' S&&*$/. P%+"S//

2 P/.%#%!"* "-". .&#/. $&+/"-"* /! #/.&+/# "&-" ,"* /.$"" "$" %8%- $"* %%* "-".

3 P/.%#%!"* "-". +/-%*$/. $&+/"-"* /! "-&=&"+ #/.&+/# "/." ,"* $""# !" &*& "$""! +/+/ -"#&%#

4 S.%-%. "-". +"*" /./*".%! /.!"$" ;%*+&*," 5 S/"&"* "-". $"" /."$""+& /.!"$" -*$&+& -/.&*

32 S"."*

K"#& +/""& /*%&+ #"-""! /.!"." +/#" #"-""! &*& /.#"*;"" "&  "." /#"8" K"#& %" #/*,"$".& #"+&! "*,"- -/-%."*"* $& $""# #"-""! ,"* -"#& %" U*%- &% -"#& #!* #""; ""&" /."$& -/+""!"* #"%%* -/-%."*"* $& $""# #"-""! &*& S/""& "!"* /."&-"* -"#& #/#&*" -.&&- #"%%* +"."* -/"$" "." /#"8" "". #/*"$& /.&#"*"* $""# /*%&+"* #"-""! +/"*%*,"

T&.+#' S&& S%".#&' (13)' B"*& U#%# 2' B"*$%* /*/.& ANGKASA B"*$%*

 N%.!' L H"."* $--'(2010)' S.%-%. J P/.-/#"*"* T%#%!"*' "-"." P/*/". S"$","

P".$& *& S' (15)' A*"#& T%#%!"* B/.&&' B"*$%* P/*/.& ITB B"*$%* H"+*%*&$"!' N/*&(2010) S.%-%. $"* P/.-/#"*"* T%#%!"* B"*$". L"#%*