Penegak Hukum. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. 2007. h. 47- 65.
2. Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik, Bagian Kedokteran Forensik Fakulatas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Thanatologi. Jakarta: Bagian Kedokteran Forensik Fakulatas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. 1997. h. 25-35.
3. Janquiera L.C, Carneira J, Kelley R.O. Sistem Pernapasan. In: Basic Histology. Ed 8. Trans. Susiarto K, Alex S (editors). Jakarta: EGC. 1997. p. 342-344.
4. Lee R, Rossman C, O’brodovich H. Assessment of post-mortem respiratory ciliary motility and ultrastructure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987. 136:445–7. 5. Moore, Keith L. and Arthur F. Dalley. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Ed
4.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1999. p. 288-295
6. Gartner, Leslie P. James L, Hiatt. Color Atlas of Histology. Ed 3. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2000. p. 119-125
7. Campbell, N.A. Biologi. California: The Benjamin Commings Publishing Company. 1993.[cited 2012 Des 08]
8. Lange K. Role of microvillar cell surfaces in the regulation of glucose uptake and organtization of energy metabolism. Am J physical cell physiol. 2002; 282.[cited 2012 Des 08]
9. Vereb G, Szollosi J, Matko J, et al. Dynamic, yet structured: The Cell Membrane Three Decades After The Singer-Nicolom Model. Proc natl acad sci USA. 2003; 100: 8053.
10. Schwa A. Function and spatial distribution of ion channels and transporters in cell migration. Am J physical renal physiol. 2001; 280: f739.
11. Wolfe, S.L. Molecular and Cellular Biology. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company Melmont. 1993. p. 157-162
12. Yasa FY. Perbedaan Waktu Transportasi Mukosiliar Hidung Pada Penderita Rhinosinusitis Maksila Kronis Dengan Cavum Nasi Normal. Departemen Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok Kepa Leher Fakultas Kedokteran USU. [internet]. 2008 [cited 2013 Jan 14]. Available from: http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/6434/1/Yanti%20Fitri%20Ya sa.pdf.
13. Regar E, Keiko F, Yasmin AF. Diskusi Topik Bahaya. Modul Praktik Klinik
Pulmonologi. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia [internet]. No date
[cited 2012 Des 27]. Available from:
http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/86529852/417119299/name/Diskusi+Topik+B
ahaya+Rokok.docx.
14. Anonim. Universitas Sumatera Utara [internet]. No date [cited 2013 Jan 14].
Available from:
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/25985/4/Chapter%20I1.pdf. 15. Meisnez CCF, Cosson J, Huitorel P, Blaive B. Temperature effect on the
ciliary beat frequency of human nasal and tracheal ciliated cells. Biol cell. 1993; 4: 1-4.
16. Howard C, Adelman M. Establishing The Time of Death in : Forensic Medicine. New York : Infobase Publishing. 2007. p. 20-26.
17. Morgan C, Nokes LDM, et al. Postmortem Changes and Determination of The Time of Death. Forensic Science International. 1988. 39 (1): p. 89-95. 18. Gelardi M, Atlas of nasal cytology for the differential diagnosis of nasal
diseases. Centro Scientifico Editore. 2007. Torino 21–26 P. 16–17
19. Gore CJ, Clark SA, Saunders PU. Nonhematological Mechanisms of Improved Sea-Level Performance After Hypoxic Exposure.2007.p.256-271 20. Kenneth B, Alistair S. Altitude Oxygen Calculator Apex (Altitude Physiology
Expeditions). 2006. p.116-25.
21. West, John B. Oxygen Enrichment of Room Air to Relieve the Hypoxia of High Altitude.1996. p.225-32.
LAMPIRAN 3 Hasil Penelitian
Hewan coba
ke
Perlakuan
6 Jam 12
Jam
18
Jam
24
Jam
1
Suhu kamar
23.34 22.11 10.15 0
Suhu dingin
30.30 20.54 15.35 0
2
Suhu kamar
26.32 22.18 17.54 0
Suhu dingin
28.22 20.22 11.34 0
3
Suhu kamar
25.48 20.26 0
0
Suhu dingin
29.15 17.11 0
0
4
Suhu kamar
27.42 24.11 0
0
Suhu dingin
20.22 16.10 0
0
5
Suhu kamar
24.42 20.15 11.10 0
Suhu dingin
27.57 17.15 10.09 0
6
Suhu kamar
28.44 20.33 16.17 0
Suhu dingin
25.41 19.31 12.31 0
7
Suhu kamar
26.17 20.12 11.21 0
Suhu dingin
43.21 32.19 15.41 0
8
9
Suhu kamar
Suhu dingin
Suhu kamar
24.09
30.29
27.18
19.15
25.16
25.12
13.57
0
16.11
0
0
0
10
Suhu dingin
Suhu kamar
Suhu dingin
32.15
22.07
29.02
21.11
19.31
20.37
11.05
10.08
09.17
0
0
0
11
Suhu kamar
25.14 21.19 0
0
Suhu dingin
24.12 12.48 0
0
12
Suhu kamar
24.37 18.15 0
0
Suhu dingin
32.45 17.18 0
0
13
Suhu kamar
29.57 22.41 18.44 0
Suhu dingin
28.32 20.17 15.16 0
14
Suhu kamar
26.14 21.32 19.45 0
Suhu dingin
29.21 23.17 15.11 0
15
Suhu kamar
25.41 22.31 11.34 0
Suhu dingin
33.44 20.50 16.40 0
16
Suhu kamar
28.23 18.33 9.42
0
Suhu dingin
29.20 21.27 12.51 0
LAMPIRAN 4 Hasil Pengolahan data SPSS
Uji normaltias suhu kamar Explore
Descriptivesa
Statistic Std. Error
Mean 29.5175 1.22397
Lower Bound 26.9087
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean Upper Bound 32.1263
5% Trimmed Mean 29.2733 Median 29.1750 Variance 23.970 Std. Deviation 4.89589 Minimum 20.22 Maximum 43.21 Range 22.99 Interquartile Range 3.95 Skewness 1.058 .564 enamjam Kurtosis 3.945 1.091 Mean 20.2519 1.08881 Lower Bound 17.9311
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean Upper Bound 22.5726
5% Trimmed Mean 20.0204 Median 20.2950 Variance 18.968 Std. Deviation 4.35523 Minimum 12.48 Maximum 32.19 Range 19.71 Interquartile Range 4.07 Skewness 1.120 .564 duabelasjam Kurtosis 3.267 1.091 delapanbelasjam_trans Mean .7625 .13389
Lower Bound .4771 95% Confidence Interval for
Mean Upper Bound 1.0479
5% Trimmed Mean .7798 Median 1.0490 Variance .287 Std. Deviation .53557 Minimum .00 Maximum 1.21 Range 1.21 Interquartile Range 1.18 Skewness -.835 .564 Kurtosis -1.407 1.091
a. duapuluhempatjam is constant. It has been omitted.
Tests of Normalityb
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
enamjam .187 16 .140 .888 16 .051
duabelasjam .220 16 .037 .898 16 .076
delapanbelasjam_trans .333 16 .000 .690 16 .000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
b. duapuluhempatjam is constant. It has been omitted.
Uji normalitas suhu dingin Explore Descriptivesa Statistic Std. Error Mean 25.8619 .49835 Lower Bound 24.7997
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean Upper Bound 26.9241
5% Trimmed Mean 25.8665 Median 25.8100 Variance 3.974 Std. Deviation 1.99342 Minimum 22.07 Maximum 29.57 Range 7.50 Interquartile Range 2.98 Skewness .045 .564 enamjam Kurtosis -.300 1.091 Mean 21.0344 .48784 Lower Bound 19.9946
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean Upper Bound 22.0742
5% Trimmed Mean 20.9676 Median 20.7600 Variance 3.808 Std. Deviation 1.95138 Minimum 18.15 Maximum 25.12 Range 6.97 Interquartile Range 2.77 Skewness .481 .564 duabelasjam Kurtosis -.112 1.091 Mean .8526 .12944 delapanbelasjam_trans
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Upper Bound 1.1285 5% Trimmed Mean .8757 Median 1.0475 Variance .268 Std. Deviation .51777 Minimum .00 Maximum 1.29 Range 1.29 Interquartile Range .97 Skewness -1.143 .564 Kurtosis -.573 1.091
a. duapuluhempatjam is constant. It has been omitted.
Tests of Normalityb
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
enamjam .097 16 .200* .990 16 .999
duabelasjam .141 16 .200* .960 16 .662
delapanbelasjam_trans .343 16 .000 .701 16 .000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance. b. duapuluhempatjam is constant. It has been omitted.
NPar Tests
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
1. 6 jam suhu kamar dan 6 jam suhu dingin Ranks
N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Negative Ranks 12a 9.42 113.00 Positive Ranks 4b 5.75 23.00 Ties 0c enamjamsuhudingin - enamjamsuhukamar Total 16 a. enamjamsuhudingin < enamjamsuhukamar b. enamjamsuhudingin > enamjamsuhukamar c. enamjamsuhudingin = enamjamsuhukamar Test Statisticsb enamjamsuhudin gin - enamjamsuhuka mar Z -2.327a
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .020
a. Based on positive ranks. b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
2. 12 jam suhu kamar dan 12 jam suhu dingin
Ranks
N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Negative Ranks 5a 9.40 47.00
duabelasjamsuhudingin -
Ties 0c Total 16 a. duabelasjamsuhudingin < duabelasjamsuhukamar b. duabelasjamsuhudingin > duabelasjamsuhukamar c. duabelasjamsuhudingin = duabelasjamsuhukamar Test Statisticsb duabelasjamsuh udingin - duabelasjamsuh ukamar Z -1.086a
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .278
a. Based on negative ranks. b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
3. 18 jam suhu kamar dan 12 jam suhu dingin Ranks
N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Negative Ranks 3a 7.33 22.00 Positive Ranks 8b 5.50 44.00 Ties 5c delapanbelasjamsuhudingin - delapanbelasjamsuhukamar Total 16 a. delapanbelasjamsuhudingin < delapanbelasjamsuhukamar b. delapanbelasjamsuhudingin > delapanbelasjamsuhukamar c. delapanbelasjamsuhudingin = delapanbelasjamsuhukamar
Test Statisticsb delapanbelasjam suhudingin - delapanbelasjam suhukamar Z -.978a
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .328
a. Based on negative ranks. b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
4. 24 jam suhu kamar dan 24 jam suhu dingin Ranks
N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Negative Ranks 0a .00 .00 Positive Ranks 0b .00 .00 Ties 16c duapuluhempatjamsuhudingi n - duapuluhempatjamsuhukam ar Total 16 a. duapuluhempatjamsuhudingin < duapuluhempatjamsuhukamar b. duapuluhempatjamsuhudingin > duapuluhempatjamsuhukamar c. duapuluhempatjamsuhudingin = duapuluhempatjamsuhukamar Test Statisticsb duapuluhempatj amsuhudingin - duapuluhempatj amsuhukamar Z .000a
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 1.000
a. The sum of negative ranks equals the sum of positive ranks.
LAMPIRAN 5 Dokumentasi Penelitian
Keterangan : Pemotongan hewan yang dilakukan pada tempat pemotongan hewan. Pemisahan kepala dari badan hewan coba dilakukan oleh pekerja ditempat pemotongan hewan
c
Keterangan : A= Mikroskop cahaya Olympus seri CX21FS1 B = Laptop
C = Video camera eye piece
B A C H G F E D C B A
Keterangan : A = Spuit yang berisi NaCL 0,9% B = Deck glass C = Gunting D = Object glass E = Pinset bedah F = Pisau scalpel G = Tissue H = Scrapper
LAMPIRAN 6 Identitas Peneliti
Identitas
Nama : Kiel Pino Putra
NIM : G2A009138
Tempat dan Tanggal Lahir : Semarang, 22 Februari 1992
Jenis Kelamin : Laki-Laki
Alamat : Arya Mukti Timur 270
Nomor HP : 085640227070
e-mail : piino_kiiel@yahoo.com
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1.SD : SD Gayamsari 02-05, Lulus tahun 2003
2.SMP : SMP Negeri 3, Lulus tahun 2006
3.SMA : SMA Negeri 1, Lulus tahun 2009
