45
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abe, S. S., S. Yamamoto and T. Wakatsuki. 2009. Soil-particle Selection by the Mound- Building Termite Macrotermes bellicosus on a Sandy Loam Soil Catena in a Nigerian Tropical Savanna. J.Trop.Ecol. 25: 449–452.
Ahmad, M. 1958. Key to the Indomalayan Termites. Biologia. 4: 33-198.
Alen, Y. 2016a. Ratu Termite Macrotermes gilvus Hagen., Kajian Awal Saintifik Dalam Pandangan Farmasi. Abstrak Paper hal : 33-34 dan Abstrak Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Workshop Perkembangan Terkini Sains Farmasi dan Klinis VI. Padang. 23-24 September 2016.
Alen, Y., A. Melati dan A. Djamaan. 2016b. Isolasi Senyawa Antibiotika Jamur Aspergillus niger Simbiotik Sarang Ratu Anai-anai Macrotermes gilvus Hagen. Abstrak Paper hal : 41dan Abstrak Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Workshop Perkembangan Terkini Sains Farmasi dan Klinis VI. Padang. 23-24 September 2016.
Alen, Y., F. N. Okta, R. Rusdian, F. L. Agresa, S. Marcelina dan A. M. Fitri. 2015a. Analisis Metabolit Primer Sarang Ratu Anai-anai Macrotermes Gilvus Hagen., dari Kebun Sawit Muko-Muko Bengkulu. Abstrak Paper hal : 123 dan Abstrak Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Workshop Perkembangan Terkini Sains Farmasi dan Klinis V. Padang. 6-7 November 2015.
Alen, Y., G. Sarina dan A. Djamaan. 2016c. Isolasi Senyawa Mayor Metabolit Sekunder Jamur Aspergillus flavus Simbiotik Sarang Ratu Anai-anai Macrotermes gilvus Hagen. Abstrak Paper hal : 54 dan Abstrak Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Workshop Perkembangan Terkini Sains Farmasi dan Klinis VI. Padang. 23-24 September 2016.
Alen, Y., L. N. Suci, O. Suarmin, A. Suparman, A. Larasati, Y. F. Yeni dan Febriyenti. 2015b. Isolasi (Penetapan Kadar) Metabolit Primer Ratu Anai-anai (Macrotermes gilvus) Hagen., dan Potensi sebagai Obat Luka Bakar. Abstrak Paper hal : 107 dan Abstrak Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Workshop Perkembangan Terkini Sains Farmasi dan Klinis V. Padang. 6-7 November 2015.
Alen, Y., L. N. Suci, O. Suarmin, S. Suharti, A. Larasati, A. Suparman & Y. F. Yeni. 2016d. Primary Metabolites Analysis of Termite Queen (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen.) and Burn Healing Assay. Abstract Paper of The Conference on Advancing the Life Science and Public Health Awrence. Nagoya, Japan. 10-11 July.
46
Alen, Y., M. P. Sari dan D.P. Putra. 2015c. Penapisan Jamur dari Sarang Ratu Anai-anai Macrotermes gilvus Hagen., Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Terhadap Candida albicans, dan Analisis KLT. Abstrak Paper hal : 64 dan Abstrak Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Workshop Perkembangan Terkini Sains Farmasi dan Klinis V. Padang. 6-7 November 2015.
Alen, Y., O. Suarmin, L. N. Suci, R. Kurniawan, F. Yasardi & V. Ramadhani. 2016e. Analysis Levels of Fatty Acids from Freeze-dried Termite Queen Macrotermes gilvus Hagen., using GC-MS and Anti-hyperlipidemia Test. Abstract Paper of The Conference on Advancing the Life Science and Public Health Awrence. Nagoya, Japan. 10-11 July.
Alen, Y., R. A. Indraini dan Y. Yuliandra. 2016f. Toksisitas Akut dan Sub-akut Freeze Drying Ratu Anai-anai (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen.) terhadap Fungsi Hati Mencit. Abstrak Paper hal : 43 dan Abstrak Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Workshop Perkembangan Terkini Sains Farmasi dan Klinis VI. Padang. 23-24 September 2016.
Alen, Y., R. Rahmawati, Y. Aldi, T. Nitoda, N. Baba & Nakajima. 2016g. Immunomodulatory Activity of Freeze Dried Termite Queen Macrotermes gilvus Hagen. Abstract Paper of The Conference on Advancing the Life Science and Public Health Awrence. Nagoya, Japan. 10-11 July.
Amir, M. 2003. Rayap dan Peranannya. Dalam: M. Amir, Kahono S. Serangga Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Jawa Bagian Barat. Biodiversity Conservation Project. LIPI: 51-62.
Andrews, J. M and R. A. Howe. 2011. BSAC Standardized Disc Suspetibility Testing Method (version 10). J. Antimicrob Chemotheraphy 2011. 66: 2726-2757.
Astuti. 2013. Identifikasi, Sebaran dan Derajat Kerusakan Kayu oleh Serangan Rayap Captotermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) di Sulawesi Selatan. Disertasi. Makassar : Universitas Hasanuddin.
Betnina, V. 1973. Biautography in Paper and Thin Layer Chromatography and Is Scope in The Antibiotic Field. J. Chromatography. 78: 31-34.
Chaves, T. P., E. L. C. Clementino, D. C. Felismino, R. R. N. Alves, A. Vasconcellos, H. D. M. Coutinho & A. C. D. Medeiros. 2014. Antibiotic Resistance Modulation by Natural Products Obtained from Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky, 1885) and Its Nest. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.
Cowan, M. 1999. Plant Product as Antimicrobial Agent. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 12 (4): 564-582.
47
Da Silva, P., L. Jouvensal, M. Lamberty, P. Bullet, A. Caille, & F. Vovelle. 2003. Solution Structures of Termicin, An Antimicrobial Peptide from The Termite Pseudacanthoterme spiniger. Protein Sci. 12: 438-446.
Dangerfield, J. M., T. S. McCarthy & W. N. Ellery. 1988. The Mound-Building Termite Macrotermes michaelsemi as an Ecosystem Engineer. Journal of Tropical Ecology: 507-520.
de Leon, L., M. R. Lopez, L. Moujir. 2009. Antibaterial Properties of Zeylasterone, a Triterpenoid Isolated from Maytenus blepharodes, Against Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiological Research : 617-626. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2000. Parameter Standar Umum
Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat, Edisi 1. Jakarta : Dirjen Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Direktorat Pengawasan Obat Tradisional.
Djamal, R. 1990. Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Bekerja dalam Bidang Kimia Bahan Alam. Padang: Universitas Andalas.
Dwidjoseputro, D. 2005. Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi. Jakarta : Djambatan.
Eggleton P. 2011. An Introduction of Termites: Biology, Taxonomy, and Functional Morphology. Biology of Termites: A Moderns Synthesis. New York (US): Springer Dordcreht Heidelberg. pp. 1-26.
Elzinga, R. J. 2004. Fundamental of Entomology, Edition VI. New Jersey: Pearson Educ.
Fall, S., A. Brauman, J-I. Chotte. 2001. Comparative Distribution of Organic Matter in Particle and Aggregate Size Fractions in the Mounds of Termites with Different Feeding Habits in Senegal: Cubitermes niokoloensis and Macrotermes bellicosus. Appl. SoilEcol. 17: 131–140.
Ferreira, F. S., U. P. Albuquerque, H. D. M. Coutinho, W. O. Almeida, R. R. N. Alves. 2012. The Trade in Medicinal Animals in Northeastern Brazil. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med : 1-20.
Fisher, L. F. and K. L. Williamson. 1992. Organic Experiment, 7th Ed. Lexington, Massachusets, Toronto: D. C. Health and Company.
Gullan, P. J. & P. S. Cranston. 1999. The Insect An Outline of Entomology, Edition II. Oxford: Blackwell Sci.
Gunawan, Sulistia Ga. 2011. Farmakologi dan Terapi. Jakarta : Badan Penerbit FKUI
48
Harborne, J. B. 2006. Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Penerjemah: Kosasih Padmawinata dan Iwang Soediro. Bandung: Penerbit ITB.
Hasan, T. 1984. Rayap dan Pemberantasannya. Jakarta : Yayasan Pembinaan Watak dan Bangsa.
Holt, A. J. and M. Lepage. 2000. Termites and Soil Properties. In: Abe, T., Bignell, D.E., Higashi, M. (Eds.). Termites, Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp 389– 407.
Hyodo, F., J. Azuma, T. Abe. 1999. Estimation of Effect of Passage Through the Gut of a Lower Termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, on Lignin by Solid-State CP MASS C-13 NMR. Holzforscung. 53: 244-246.
Jawetz, Melnik & Adelberg. 1996. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta : EGC. Jones, C. G., J. H. Lawton, M. Shachak. 1994. Organisms as Ecosystem
Engineers. Oikos. 69: 373–386.
Jouquet, P., J. Dauber, J. Lagerlof, P. Lavelle, M. Lepage. 2006. Soil Invertebrates as ecosystem Engineers: Intended and Accidental Effects on Soil and Feedback Loops. Appl. SoilEcol. 32: 153–164.
Jouquet, P., M. Lepage and B. Velde. 2002. Termite Soil Preferences and Particle Selections: Strategies Related to Ecological Requirements. Insectes Soc.49: 1–7.
Jouquet, P., N. Bottinelli, J-C. Lata, P. Mora, S. Caquineau. 2007. Role of the Fungus-Growing Termite Pseudacanthotermes spiniger (Isoptera, Macrotermiti-nae) in the Dynamic of Clay and Soil Organic Matter Content: Anexperimental Analysis. Geoderma. 139: 127–133.
Kambhampati, S. & P. Eggleton. 2000. Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Termites. In: Abe, T,. D.E, Bignell, M. Higashi. Termites Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Dordecht: Kluwer Academic: 1- 23.
Katzung, B. G. 1997. Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik, Edisi VI. Alih Bahasa oleh Staf Dosen Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran UNSRI. Jakarta: EGC. Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. 2015. Impor Bahan Obat.
(online).
49
Krishna, K. G., D. A. Krishna & M. S. Engel. 2013. Treatise on Isoptera of The World. Bulletin of The American Museum of Natural History. April. 377 : 79-132.
Lamberty, M. D. Zachary, R. Lanot, C. Bordereaur, A. Robert, J. Hoffinann & P. Bulet. 2001. Insect Immunity, Constitutive Expression of A Cysteine-Rich Antifungal and A Linear Antibacterial Peptide in A Termite Insect. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 4085-4092.
Lavelle, P. 1997. Faunal Activities and Soil Processes: Adaptive Strategies that Determine Ecosystem Function. Adv. Ecol. Res. 27: 93–132.
Lavelle, P., D. Bignell, M. Lepage, V. Wolters, P. Roger, P. Ineson, O.W Heal, S. Dhillion. 1997. Soil Function in a Changing World: The Role of Invertebrate Ecosystem Engineers. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 33: 159–193.
Lavelle, P., E. Blanchart, A. Martin, A. V. Spain, S. Martion. 1992. Impact of Soil Fauna on the Properties of Soils in the Humid Tropics. In: Lal, R., Sanchez, P.A. (Eds.). Myths and Science of Soils of the Tropics. SSSA Special Publication No. 29 SSSA & ASA. Madison: Wisconsin. pp: 157– 185.
Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. 2013. Bioresources untuk Pembangunan Ekonomi Hijau. Jakarta : LIPI Press.
Lopez, M. R., L. de Leon, L. Moujir. 2010. Antibacteria; Properties of Phenolic Triterpenoids against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Planta Med. 77 : 726-729.
Nakashima, K., H. Watanabe, H. Saitoh, G. Tokuda, J-I. Azuma. 2002. Dual Cellulose Digesting System of The Wood-Feeding Termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 32: 777-784.
Obi, J. C. and A. O. Ogunkun. 2009. Influence of Termite Infestation on the Special Variability of Soil Properties in the Guinea Savanna Region Of Nigeria. Geoderma.148: 357–363.
Ohkuma, M. & A. Brune. 2011. Diversity, Structure and Evolution of the Termite Gut Microbial Community. Biology of Termites: A Moderns Synthesis. New York (US): Springer Dordcreht Heidelberg. pp. 1-26.
Ptáček, P., J. Brandštetr, F. Šoukal, & T. Opravil. 2013. Investigation of Subterranean Termites Nest Material Composition, Structure and Properties. Intech: 522-523.
50
Reeves, D. S., I. Philips, J. D William. 1978. Laboratory Methods in Antimicrobial Chemoterapy. New York : Chirchill Livingstone.
Rohman, A. 2007. Kimia Farmasi Analisis. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.
Roonwal, M. L. And O. B Chhotani. 1961. The Termite Macrotermes gilvus Malayanus (Haviland) (Termitidae) in Burma. Proc Nat Inst Sci India. 27: 308-316.
Rosengaus R. B, J. F. A. Traniello, M. S. Bulmer. 2011. Ecology, Behavior and Evolution of Disease Resistance in Termites. Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. Berlin: Springer Verlag. pp. 165-192.
Sastrohamidjojo, H. 1985. Kromatografi. Yogyakarta: Liberty Yogyakarta. Shlegel, H. G. 1994. Mikrobiologi Umum. Yogyakarta : UGM Press.
Solavan, A., R. Paulmurugan, V. Wilsanand & A. J. A. Ranjith Sing. 2004. Traditional Therapeutic Use of Animals Among Tribal Population of Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J. Traditional Knowledge. 3: 198-205.
Solavan, A., R. Paulmurugan, & V. Wilsanand. 2007. Antibacterial Activity of Subterranean Termites Used in South Indian Folk Medicine. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 6(4): 559-562.
Subekti, N. 2005. Karakteristik Sarang Rayap. Makalah Pribadi Falsafah Sains. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Suganda. 1997. Kromatografi Lapis Tipis, Volume 1. Temu Ilmiah Nasional Bidang Farmasi. Bandung : ITB.
Tadesse, A and M. Alem. 2006. Medical Bacteriology. Ethiopia : EPHTI.
Thorne, B. L. and M. I Haverty. 2000. Nast Growth and Survivorship in Three Species of Neotropical Nasutitermes ( Isoptera : Termitidae). Environ. Ecol. 29 : 256-264.
Tarumingkeng, R. C. 2004. Biologi dan Pengendalian Rayap Hama Bangunan di Indonesia. Manajemen Deteriorasi Hasil Hutan. (online).
http://www.rudyct.com/dethh/5_termite_biology_and_control.htm. Diakses
15 September 2016.
Volk, W. A dan F. Wheeler. 1990. Mikrobiologi Dasar. Edisi V. Jilid 2. Diterjemahkan oleh Sumarto Aisumertono. Jakarta: Airlangga.
51
Wagner, H. and S. Bland. 1996. Plant Drug Analysis ; A Thin Layer Chromatography Atlas 2nd Edition. Berlin Haidenberg : Springer.
Watanabe, H. and G. Tokuda, 2010. Cellulolytic Systems in Insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 55: 609-632.
