BAB 5
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1. Simpulan
Pemberian ekstrak air daun Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) tunggal dalam dosis 250 mg/kgBB lebih efektif untuk memperbaiki jumlah kerusakan sel β-pankreas dibandingkan pemberian kombinasi ekstrak air daun Angsana 250 mg/kgBB dan metformin 90 mg/kgBB
5.2 Saran
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Anonim, 1993, Pedoman Pengujian dan Penapisan Farmakologi, Pengujian Fitokimia dan Pengujian Klinik, Yayasan Pengembangan Obat Alam, Jakarta, hal. 15-17.
Antonius, M. L., E. Natania, and S. Mariaty, 2010, Testing and Transdermal’s Formulation of Leaf Extract Pterocarpus Indicus the Shade Street to Lower Blood Sugar Rate, Proceeding International Conference on Medicinal Plants, Volume II, Unika Widya Mandala, Surabaya.
Bailey, L. H. 1953, The Standard Cyclopedia of Holticulture, vol. II & III, The MacMILLIAN Company, New York, hal. 41-42(I), 2853 (III).
Carolina, 2013, Pengujian Aktivitas Hipoglikemik Ekstrak Air Daun Angsana (Pterocarpus Indicus Willd) terhadap Histopatologi Sel Beta Pankreas yang Diinduksi Tikus Diabetes Aloksan, Skripsi Sarjana Farmasi, Universitas Katholik Widya Mandala, Surabaya
Cnop, M., et al.,2005, Mechanisms of Pancreatic β-Cell Death in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, Diabetes, vol. 54 (Suppl. 2), 97-107.
Darius, B. Y., et al., 2013. PePennggaarruuhh BBeettaa--KKaarrootteenn SeSeccaarraa InIn ViVivvoo
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1979. Farmakope Indonesia. (Jilid IV), Jakarta, hal. 12.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1977, Materia Medika Indonesia Jilid I, Jakarta, hal.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2000, Parameter Standart Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat, Jakarta, hal. 1-17.
Dero, 2013, Pengujian Aktivitas Hipoglikemik Ekstrak Air Daun Angsana pterocarpus indicus Willd terhadap Histopatologi Sel β-pankreas Tikus Diabetes Aloksan, Skripsi Sarjana Farmasi, Universitas Katholik Widya Mandala, Surabaya.
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur UPT Materia Medica, 2012, Surat Determinasi Tanaman Angsana, UPT Materia Medica, Batu.
Duke, J.A., [1983]. Pterocarpus indicus Willd., [Online].http://www.hort.purdue.edu/, [2013, Juli 14].
Edvan S. M., 2013, Pengujian Aktivitas Hipoglikemik Ekstrak Air Daun Angsana (Pterocarpus Indicus Willd) terhadap Histopatologi Sel Beta Pankreas Tikus Diabetes yang Diinduksi Aloksan, Skripsi Sarjana Farmasi, Universitas Katholik Widya Mandala, Surabaya.
Eroschenko, V. P., 2008, Atlas Histologi diFiore, EGC Medical Publisher. Jakarta, hal. 339.
Fawcett, D. W., 2002, Buku Ajar Histologi, EGC Medical Publisher, Jakarta, hal. 616-617
Ganong, W. F., 2002. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran (Review of Medicinal Physiology). (Widjajakusumah, M.D., penerjemah). Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta, hal. 320-336.
Goodman & Gilman, 2007, Dasar Farmakologi Terapi, Ed.10, Vol 2, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta
Guyton, Arthur C, M.D. Hall, John E, Ph.D. 2006. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. EGC Medical Publisher. Jakarta, hal. 1010-1027.
Halmi, 1951, Aldehyde Fuchsin for Pancreatic Islets Cells, [Online],
http://www.bris.ac.uk./vetpath/cpl/af.html, [2012. September23].
Heyne, K.,1987, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia jilid 2, Yayasan Sarana Wana Jaya, Jakarta, hal. 998-1003.
Hussain, S.A., dan Maroul B.H, 2013, Flavonoid as Alternatives in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Academia Journal of Medicinal Pplants, 1(2), 031-036.
Irawan, A.M., 2007. Glukosa dan Metabolisme Energi. [Online]. http://pssplab.com/glukosa dan metabolisme energi/pdf. [2012, Juli 10]
Junqueira, L. S., Jose, C., 1980, Histologi Dasar: Teks & Atlas, EGC Medical Publisher. Jakarta, hal. 117-121.
Junqueira, L. S., Jose, C., 2007, Histologi Dasar: Teks & Atlas, EGC Medical Publisher. Jakarta, hal. 123-127.
Kaplan, A., L.L. Szabo, K.E. Opheim, 1988, Clinical Chemistry: Interpretation and Techniques, Lea & Febriger, philadelphia, hal. 288-293.
Katzung, B.G., 2007, Farmakologi Dasar & Klinik, terjemaha A.W. Nugroho, L. Rendy danL. Dwijayanthi, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta, ed. 10, 1-9.
Katzung, B.G., 2001, Farmakologi Dasar & Klinik, Terjemahan Azwar Agoes dkk, edisi 8, Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta, hal. 674-710.
Kuntz, E., Michel P., dan Christiane D., 2004, Cholecystokinin Octapeptide: Apotentiak Growth Factor for Pancreatic Beta Cells in Diabetis Rats, Journal of tthe Pancreas, vol. 5, no. 5, hal 464-475.
Lin, Y., dan Z. Sun, 2010, Curret Views of Type 2 Diabetes, Journal of Endocrinology,4.
Michael, U.A., B.U. David, C.O. Theophine, F.U. Philips, A.M. Ogochukwu, and V.A. Benson, 2010, Antidiabetic Effect of Combined Aqueous Leaf Extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Metformin in Rats, Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, hal 197-202
Merentek, E., 2006, Resistensi Insulin pada Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, vol. 150, 38-41.
Nugroho, A.E., 2006, Hewan Percobaan Diabetes Mellitus: Patologi dan Mekanisme Aksi Diabetogenik, Biodiversitas, 7, hal. 378-382..
Orwa, C., A. Mutua, R. Kindi, R. Jamnadass, A. Simons, 2009, Pterocarpus indicus, [Online], http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb.pdf, [2013, 27 Februari]
Papanas N., dan E. Maltezos, 2009, Metformin: A Review of It’s Use in The Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, Clinical Medicine Therapeutic,1.
Rao, K., Giri, R., Kesavulu, M., Apparao, C., 2001. Effect of oral administation of bark extracts of Pterocarpus santalinus L. on blood glucose level in experimental animals, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74, hal. 69-74.
Riaz, S., 2009, Diabetes mellitus, Scientific Research and Essay, Vol.4 (5), hal. 367-373.
Rifaii, R.A., 2012, Effect of Quercetin on the Pancreas of the ExperimentallyInduced Diabetes in Male Albino Rats: A Histological and Immunohistichemical Study, Journal of Diabetes Metabolism, vol. 3, no. 3, hal. 1-11.
Roche Diagnostic, 2007. ACCU-CHEK and ADVANTAGE.
Sharp, P.E., and La Regina, M.C., 1998, The Laboratory Rat: A Volume in the Laboratory Animal Pocket Referensi Series, CRC Press, Florida.
Sheperd P.R., Kahn B.B, 1999, Glucose Transporter and Insulin Action, The New England Journal of Medicine
Soedibyo, B.R,A.M., 1998, Alam Sumber Kesehatan Manfaat dan Kegunaan, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, hal. 57-58.
Soeharjono,L.B., 2002, Diabetes Mellitus Tergantung Insulin, ANIMA, Indonesian Psychological Journal, 17 (2), 162-169.
Suarsana, N., B.P. Priosoeryanto, M. Bintang, dan Wresdiyati, 2010, Profil Glukosa Darah dan Ultrastruktur Sel Beta Pankreas Tikus yang Diinduksi Aloksan, JITV, vol.15, no. 2, hal. 118-123.
Sulistyoningrum, E., 2010, Tinjauan Molekular dan AspekKlinis Resistensi Insulin, Mandala of Health, vol. 4, no. 2, hal 131-137.
Suntoro, S.H., 1983, Metode Pewarnaan (Histologi dan Histokimia), Penerbit Bhratara Karya Aksara, Jakarta, hal. 88-89.
Suckow, M.A., S.H. Weisbroth, and C.L. Franklin., 2006, The Laboratory Rat. Elsevier, California, 72, 109.
Syamsul E., S., A.E. Nugroho, S. Pramono, 2011, Aktivitas Antidiabetes Kombinasi Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Herbal Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burn. F.) Ness) dan Metformin Pada Tikus DM Tipe 2 Resisten Insulin, Majalah Obat Tradisional , 16.
Takeuchi, Y., Y. Kono, T. Nambata. N. Terada, 1986, Bioactive Polyphenolic Constituent in the Bark of Pterocarpus indicus Willd and Its Effect on Animal Cells Phenotype in vitro, Journal Agriculture Biology Chemistry, vol. 50, hal. 1117-1122.
Thomson, Lex A. J., [2006, April 26]. Species Profiles for Pacific Island Pterocarpus indicus, [Online]. http://www.traditionaltree.org. [2012, Juni 10].
Wilcox, Gisela., 2005, Insulin and Insulin Resistance, Monash University Department of Medicine & Clinical Nutrition & Metabolism Unit, 26, hal. 19-39.
Wulandari, C.E., 2010, Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus wistar dengan hiperglikemia, Artikel Karya Tulis Ilmiah, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
