H:ff ;;1[ T;.:::f"i;i,1'iJffi: >f heary tnathinery Curing land

(1)

DATTARISI

Perilaku

Portal

Berdinding

Bata yang

Mengalami

Beban t^ateral.

Elhusna

..

Perilaku

Perempuan Terhadap

Konsenrasi

dan

pelestarian

:

studi

Kasus

di

desadesa

Penyangga Thman

Nasional

Kerinci

Seblat

(TNKS)

Kabupaten

Lebong.

Muh.

MarvanAnvani

₆

-

t7

Penganrhvariasi

Fralsi

Massa serta

ukuran Butir

cwbon

Blackrerhadap

Koefi

sien

Konduktifitas

Tennal

Komposit KaretAlam. putu

rradi

setyarini

dan Yovan

Witanto

lg

_{- 21}

Me,nratrami

PerspektifPelaku

Konflik

pengelolaan sumderrdayaAlam

(studi

pada

cagmAlam

Danau

Dusun

Besar

Bengkulu).

wahyu

\ilidiastuti

...

....

zz

-

zs

The

Family

Diversity

of

Soil

Arttropods

in

Newly Reclaimed

coal Mined

Pemanfaatan

fuil

conditionerdan

Puptrk

Kandang untuk perbaikan

sifat-sifat

''ranah

Lahan

Pasca

Tambang Batubara dan pengaruhnya Terhadap

Pertumbuhan

dan

Hasil Jagung

Busri

Saleh

30

_-

36

Pertumbuhan

Bibit

Kelapa

sawit

pada

Dosis pupuk Majemuk

dan

Konsentrasi Pupuk

cair

di Pembibitan utama.

Hermansyah,

Trisdaneli,

danBambangGonggoM...

...:...

37 _44

Analisis

Perubahan

sifat Mekanis Baja

KarbonAkibat

proses

car&

wiz@

dan

Decarburizing

Terhadap Peningkatan

Kualitas produk

Alat-alat

Pertanian.

YovanWitanto

45 -

5l

(2)

26

ISSN 0852-405X

furnat Pcrelitian UNIB, Vol.XV, No.1, Januari 2009,

l{lm

26-29

rHtr

rAMrL"

"*"ilk[311?*

ffiffiffl:I;HI*H#

RECL',t'rMEr]

coAr'

SoePono

and \VirYono

Department of

Foresny,,*::^ {n*culture'

{Jniversity of Benglailu

wi _ryon o go od _@Ya hoo' c ott

i

ABSTRACT

Coal strip rnining destroyecl forest ecosystem and con-verted

into

barren land. Ir{ined land reclarnaticu is

aimed

af

restoriig

ttre

ctitiopt

ecosystcrn. Community structur€ and spccies composition

ale

sorns

of

;;'*yrr;;;;;i""ria.r"i

in

minei

land reclamatiorr.

or".

tiure, plant and anin^al species compositions

in

reclaimed mined land are expected

to

approach ihe

original

ones. Thc objective

of

this.study wcre to

;;;;;;;

r"*1y

oi**irv'"i

r"iltru'iu""

arthropotls

in

rcccntly- rcclaimcd

coai mined

iantl

anrl

;;;;r;itt

,iruloiouturai

forest

nearby.

Results showed that each mined site had between 9 1o lzl

;;il;iArrhfi;a",

*til"

the naturat forest had

only

7 families.The Simpeon's

kdex

of Djversity

in

ffi;i-f;r*;r*-g;i,

slightly

higher then the mined sitss,

which werc

between 0.57

to

0.64'

'l'he

i;;|."]j

irJ.f

rf

Si.ilarity

ietween:mincd

sites and natural forest Arthropods was low, betweetr 20'0 tc 25.0 percent.

Keyw

ord

s

:

c o

al

mi ned',

Lrlhrop

o ds, b i o div ers

ity

rlrraorlrrcxloN

H:ff

#;;1[

T;.:::f"i;i,1#'iJ*ffi:

>f

heary

tnathinery

Curing land

Coal

strip

miring

has

<trastically alterecl

the

2S03)'

The

use c

.*rystr*.

A

prcn'Lustf

fr;;il;;,

is

turned

to

:e irlrtnlaticn qauses

soil

cotnpactiolr, reducing soil

barc lertd

aft.r

n:inr:ng"

br:,i"g tirc

i,iqing,

fertility'

permesbllity

aud water

holding

capacity

,I.i"*i"J

*"*.i*]v#+""p-'rr&.

,:r,"

roil

*il

,

(ilrrssicr,

et

al.

1t)?:4';.

often,

coal 'rninetl

land

is

broughr

to the

surfac"-%il;';;al

which

will

i:ighly

acidic.

rcsultini;

in

high

sohrbility

of

'

l.i*minum,

iron,

zinc, and

cooper

:1Rahim,

:lewly

roclaimed mined land and conrpare

it

with

ibCCy.

ltin"a

krn,J lias lc..v

orgmic

nratler and

soii

tirat of nalurai forcst nearby.

orgl:tlsmi

(Gould and

Li'::rte"

198, ).

After

mining,

it

is irecessary for the

mining

1&1TERL$,S AND

MEI1IODS

company

to

r;store

tlic

;i:ineC

laad.'hlined

lnrid

restcmtion

is

often

considereJ

ae

ecosystem

Sirc-:

reconstruction,

urd

there

is

il

nc:d

to

set

goals,

_The_researcirwas dcne

!n

2001,

in

rtevrly

ohjective

an'l criteria to detenni:e lhe

success

of

rcclai'red urined

scil

in

Ceatral

Bcngkulu.

rcstcratiou

(Cooke

and

Joirnson,

20AD.

Sarnpii'g of

artl*opotl vras done

in

the mined erca

Community stlucturc

iuld

species composition

are

haying diflbrent

ages

of

vegetation, namellr

7

some

of

ecosystems

characteristics

io be

years, 6 years, 5 years arrd 4 ycars. The vegetatic'n

considcred

as

the

objective

of

restoratior.

Over

was

_composcd

of

legume

trees,: Paraserionthes

time,:

not only

plant,

but

also animal

;pecics

.fu1catpr;ti

tnd

Acacia

mangium.

Ir,

additicn, composition

is

expected

to

approach

thdt

of

ttte

_{samphng was also done}in naturai forest nearby

for

original

ecosystem.

conrparisor:.

One

group

of

animals,

soil

surface

Duti

_collcctio!,

Arthropods,

pliy

significant

role

in

organic

matter thc

soil

arth.ro1.'orJs

'vere

collected

using

trap

decomposition

which

in

turn

will

impro'zc

soii

mcthcd.

llactic

cups, 7 cm

in

Ciarneler

antl

10 cnl

fertilit)..

Thc

objectivc

of

this

study

tlcre

to

in

height, vrcrc submerged

in

t}re

soil

so

that

the

(3)

Socporro and Vy'iryono 27

soil

surfacc. Each

oup

was

filled rvith

100

rn i ll i litcrs o I' di lute lilrrnlt ltlchydc solu tion ( 416 ilr

corrc:cntnrrion).

A

_plastic

covcl

_{sizirrg 2(.}

x

20m

cnl

was placcC

I5

i:rr-i

lbrlvc

car:h trap

to

prc,/cnl

rain cntcring

thc cup.

fhc

traps

*","

'ptu*O

sl,sternaticirlly. _{5 x}

j

_nr.

in

_lTnti,

af

_each_u."u.

Aft.,,

lbur

rJays, tLrc lraps rverc collcctetj _{and riru airimais} ivcrc iticnri,lcd (L,iiics. I9r)2: Srrin, l9g9).

L tita analy.sa,t

To ds1.,m1..

whctircr.

ihc

trumbcr

of

r-a1rs

wer.

stiftl.cicnt,

a

curve showrng

thc

relaticn ot-'farrrily nrrmbt:r

44{

trap numbel _{u,as drar*.n}

fol

_cach_arca.

If

thc graph showcd a

flat linc,

tltun thc r.,r',r,rtr.,

,oi

traps v/as considc-rcd sufficicnt.

Thr: diversty

of

_{fami.ties,,vere determined using rhc} rrumbe.r

of

families anr!

Simpe*,s

diversity

iittex

(Wiryono,2009).

Simpson's Diversity irrdcx (Ds).

Ds:r-IOi)'

Where

pi

:

ff

+*propo!-ri(!n

of farriiiy

ito

the

'vhole

lamilits),

Ilguity

indcx _{was calcuiatcrl u::ing}_{this lbrmula:}

(s:]ry]

.s(,'v

-

l)

Whcre S .= _{the number}

of

_tanrilies

lrdcx ol'

Sinri!a.ity

rJclcrntinc

_sirnilarity (Wir;rono,2009y.

by

Jaccar"d u/i

s

uscd

tc

belwccn sanrplirrg

siies

RIiSULTS AND

DISCUSSION

]

Arthropod

diversit1,

A

lotal

of

20 farnilics

of

arthropods _wcre

found

in

reclaimcd mined land.

For

_each_mined

site..the

number ranged

from

g

to

t4.

Ttrese

numbers

were higher

_than

that

of

natur;l

fcrest

ncarby,

wlrich

was

only

7. The age

nf

vegetarion

did not affect

mueh

ihe

number

of

A.itruIr.

fn"

Simpson's Index

of

diversity,

rror,reue..- slro*ea that natural fi:rest had thc higihest

a;""Jiy,'*fl;"f,

was

0.67. This

was cluc

tri

its

high equity.

fn

llf,turai forest, each

farnily

iraO

iitatiuc

monv

indinidividuals, rvhils

in

mined _{land, some}

fa*ili",

had

very

fevv individuals. For

cb*po.iuon,-roiu*.f

turest

in

l:bgng

Disrricr,

Bengkutu,

f,ui

i,igrr.,

n1rnb:l

of

Arthropocl families,

nlmely

tf"

_ULrittre

saine Simpsoa's Index of

Diversity

*i,i.fl;u,

O.OZ

(Yetti,

2005).

In

pine planration,

in C.nr.ui,.r,..n

rirstnct

ihe

number

of

AnhroporJ

familv

_was

between

l0

_{antJ I}

I

with

Simpsonh

U"*...'^

O.:O

and 0.-58 _{(Fauziati, 2007).}

Among

the

Arthropod families.

Formicidae was

the

most abundant one

in

every

site.

This family

rvas also found _{the rnost abundant}

ln

_{naturat fo.est}

and

pine

plantation

in

.Lebong

District

_qyetti,

1991]

"4

in

pine

plantation

ii

aceh

trarrlr,,

20O7).

.These

fbcts

intJicated

tlat.

fornrici.fae surv'rve ln _{several ecosystem types.}

Cr t m m u n i t.v .,; i m i I u ri I v

lhc..pirccni

of

siniilariry

in

tcrnr

of

ArrhroporJ fami

ly

composition _between_{rec lairrr}

J

rri".J'i

-o

and natural forest near

by

is vcry

lo*.'if,.

ol..i"r, rcclaimcd

mincd

_tan<i

trirt

_ttre

h,gh*rr

p;;;;;;g..

but

llrc

nunrber was

srill low,

nlmcly

ZSi,.

fic

rlf

lcr

sitcs

hatj cvcn

i.,*c,

p"r.J",rg".' f

fr.

diffbr-cnce _{betwecn minecl land and}

natufil

forest

miSl.11 _{be caus6d by the}_{diflerence in}_{environmental}

conditions between the

two

sites.

llined

ianJ

taa

rciativcly 6pcn

groui.rd

surfacc

with

tittic'-tittcr

accumulation,

while thc

natural

floor

was

morr: closed _{and had thichker}

litter

_laycr,

iorn.-on..i*.

foy{

only

in

mined

site,

.r.t u,

C;,;jo..

,rrirididae and

Gryilidac,

were

know.n ter Drefbr

open..space

with

high

tclrpci-ature

and

lrrw.

hurnrdrty

(Adianto.

I gg2).

1)s

Dntax

Wlrcrc D maximum

llri?cx <-rl'Ju,,-:car.d

l:ir= -.---c

---x

_l(X){f/,,.

.u+b+t.

o

-

_{cornntou specir:s}

(4)

^'(I

:.1)

DiversitY oi strii

Table I ;

'ihe

avcrag,c rruirber of

itdividual

Arthlopods four"rci in a sq'.lat e rnetcr f<rr eech siie

NO

F.;rh{U-'/

lvlINED LAND

7

years

6

years

old

Nattu'ai

years

i;orest

5

years

4

cid

old

I

')

4

5

6

8

9

Fo::mici,lae Saltrcides

lliattidire

Fainily

x"

Grylliclae I-Ialticidae

Acricidae Hydrometryidae

,,e21.7

_451.0

120.0

70.6

9.1 2.8

750 78.5

nr'',

1 52.1

63.8 24.5 1.9

2.4.5

2006.2 25q.9

52

57 3.7

2.49.5

41.6 20.8

t521.5

195.

l

_52

7

Cydnidac

257.7

Z1!.9

36.5

16.9

34.2

2.8

ll.ri

2.8

22.8

19.8

25.1

20.s 20.5

a1 /

9.1

25.4 5.7

l 1.3

8.5 8.5 2.8

l0

Forfliculidae

I

Melandryidae

12

Scolperrdr;idae

13

Folydesrriadae

14

Juliciae

l5

Glomeridae

16

Cucqiidae

17

Terrnitidae

l8

Cossidae

l9

Rhiuotermitidac

20

'I'ctigonidae

2l

Thyreocoridae'

22

Arthropaneru'a

9.8

4.9 4.9

4.'

338.1

lt?

__._

l20e_.4

.__

Note: Farnily

x:

unidentified arihropods

Table 2. Simpson's Index of divorsity (Ds) of ,Arthropods ['..lr each site

--Sites

}{umber

of'

Nurnber

of Ds:

D max

,

families individuals

Z / yI ulu :.lullgu r4lu _Vr

otJlnined

land 13

I J

709

t|.5'l

C.92

6

yr olti

mineci

land 14

299

:

0.6'i

C'93 5

yr

old rrrined

land ',2

237

0'64

0'9:

a yr old mined

land 9

33?

0-5i

0'8)'

NaturalFarest

7

267

-

--

.'.9i---qJ6

-0.51 0.69

a6t

0.69 0.78

(5)

29

SoePono and WirYono

Table 3. Jacczrdls lndex of

similiariiy

(%) among sites

Mined land

4

yr

old

Ndtural

Forest

N'iined Land

7

yr cld

6

yr

old

5

yr

old 4

yr

old

7

yr

old 100

4?..1

4't.l

43.7

2,5.0

6 yr old

t00

73.0 60.0 ?2.2

5

yr

old

100

61.0 20.0

Natural Forest

100

23.1 100

,\cknowledgement

We

ofler

sinceie thanks

to

lvls Danni

_'vho hr:lped

identified the Arthropods

and pro'uidcd valuable inputs on the study.

LITERATURES CITED

Adianto.

1983.

Biologi

Pertanian. Aluinni'

Bandung.

Bussler,

B.H., W.R. Byrncs;, P.E.

Pcpe

and W.R.. Chaney. 19E4. Properties

of

soil

rnirresoil

reclaimcd

for

forcst land usc.

Stril

Sci,:ncc Americarr Journal 48: I 78- l 84.

Cooke, J.A. and M.S. Jolrnson .2OCt2. Ecological rcstoration

of

land

witlr

particular

t.cfcntttce tcr

the mining

of

ntetals, and insdustrial mincrals:A

revicw

of

theory and

practice.

Environ

Rev'

t _0:41-71

larrz,ah.

H.

2007.

Kcairekaragaman Fanlili hcwarr tanah permukaan

Filum

Arthropoda pada

hur.an Pinur (Pinus merhrsii) pada dua elcvasi di

PT

Tusarn

llutan

Lestari wilayah Blang

Kuyu

K.tb

Acclr

Tcltgalr. Tht:sis.

I)cJrartnrc:nt ttl'

I'-orcstry, U nivcrsi ty

of

llcngkrl I u. U npub I i srhctl.

Gould,

A.R.

and

A.E. Liberta.

1981. Effects

of

storage during surface mining on the

viability

of

vesicular

arbuscular

mycorrhiza.

Ivlycologia

73:914-922.

Lilis, S.C.

1992.

Kunci

Determinasi Semngga' Kanisius. Yogyakarta.

Munarvar,

A.

2003. Status kesuburan tanah pada lahan bekas tambang bdtubara

di

bawah. tegakan

sengon (Paraserianthes

falcataria

L.)

dan

hrri (Sesbania

grandiflora

Pcrs-) berumur dua tahun.

Jurnal

Lembaga Penelitian

Universitas

Bengkulu.

fV

(7): I -5.

R.ahim,

S.E. 2000.

Pengendalian

Erosi

Tanah

dalam

Rangka Pelcstarian'

l,ingkungan

Hidup. PT Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.

Suin,

N.M.

1989.

Ekologi

Hervan Tanah. Bumi

Aksara. Jakarta.

Wiryono.

2009.

Ekclogi

Hutan.

UNIB

Press.

Bengkulu.

Yetli,

I.

2005.

Keanekaragaman

farnili

hcwan tanah permukaan

Filum

Arthropoda pada hutan Pinus (Prnus, nterkusii) dan Hutan

Alam

di

Kota

Donok, Itcjang

t,cbong. Thcsis. Dcpartrncnt

of