!" #$%$ $& $'( %
!"# $%& '( !")% *!+ , -,!+
&./& 0%+! (1$!1 $+%*0&!2 1%"0 * (1$!12 $!3(&*!0 * %4 +!5 4 !+. &6.
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
($//%$ 1 $ (0.+( 2 (0.+(
+ " 4 :($/%1%& $ 8(8 $ 1(&6 ($0 " 5 $/ 8(&*!9 0 8(&+ * &1 $ & 0 & 0 :( 8(8 $ $ = +! ($*! + $ :($/%1%& $ 1!$(&6 ($//%$ 1 $ 1%(*!.$(& *1 " "!1(&0 +($/ $ > *1 " , *!" :($("!0! $ ($%$6%11 $8 4; :(/ ; ! 5 $/ ( !"!1! 8(8 $ 1(&6 (+ $/ + " 4 ?2 8(8 $ 1(&6 !$//! + " 4 @? + $ 8(8 $ 1(&6 $/ 0 0!$//! + " 4 ?, *!" :($/." 4 $ 1%(*!.$(& 1!$(&6 :(/ ; ! ($%$6%11 $ 1 0(/.&! 1!$(&6 %1%: + " 4 A@? + $ 1!$(&6 ( % *1 $ + " 4 B=?, *!" %6! *0 0!*0!1 (0.+( +!1(0 4%! $!" !χ² , ; C >2DD >
+ $ χ² C A2AAA>2 *(4!$// ($%$%6%11 $χ² )χ² , ; 2 1 +!0(&! + $ +!0." 1, ($/ $
+( !1! $ +!1(0 4%! 0(&+ : 0 :($/ &%4 $0 & 8(8 $ 1(&6 0(&4 + : 1!$(&6 :(/ ; !,
7 (8 $ 1(&6 2 :($/%1%& $ 8(8 $ 1(&6 2 2 1!$(&6 ,
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
$+ : -( + !$!*0& 0!.$ *1 . + $+(F (04.+2 (04.+ !* & 0!$/ %"0!+! ($0!.$ "
*%86(-0!3( ($0 " ;.&1". + 04 0 +!3!+(*04( ;.&1". + 8 *(+ .$ 04( 3(& /( ". + .9 = +! ($*!.$*2 $+ 04( ( *%&( ($0 .9 :(&9.& $-( !* %*!$/ G%(*0!.$$ !&( ;!04 > *- "(* 85 "!1(&0 *- "(, 4( &(*%"0* *4.;(+ 04 0 ( :".5((*;4. 4 3( (+!% ;.&1". + !* ?2 !/4 ;.&1". + !* @? $+ H(&5 4!/4 ;.&1". + !* ?, 4( &(*%"0 .9 04( G%(*0!.$$ !&( *4.;(+ 04( - 0(/.&5 .9 ( :".5((E* :(&9.& $-(2 *! :"5 :(&9.& $-( !* A@? $+ * 0!*9 -0.&5 :(&9.& $-( !* B=?, &. 04( *0 0!*0!- " 0(*0 85 %*!$/ (04.+2 !0 !* 1$.;$ 04 0 04( 3 "%(χ² , ; C >,DD > $+χ² C A,AAA>2 04( &(*%"0 *4.;*χ² )χ² , ; 2 04($ !* --(:0(+ $+ !* &(6(-0(+, 4%*2 04(&( !* !$9"%($-( 8(0;(($ 04( ;.&1". + .9 ( :".5((* $+ 04( ( :".5((*E* :(&9.& $-(,
@
*!" *(:(&0! : + 0 8(
+ & '$% %&$
(& : 8 $5 1 10!3!0 * ($0 " + $ :(&*(:0% " 5 $/ +!:(&"%1 $M, : 1 4 0%/ * 0(&*(8%0 %+ 4 0 % ($%$0%02 *(+(&4 $ 0 % 1. :"(1*2 ($%$0%0 0 % "("% * M
($+ 4 !$//!
+ & '$% 4 1 5
/ ! $ 10!3!0 * 9!*!1 8 $5 1 5 $/ +!:(&"%1 $M : 1 4 0%/ * 0(&*(8%0 %+ 4 0 % ($%$0%02 " 8 0 0 % -(: 02&!$/ $ 0 % 8(& 02 0($ $/ 0 % ("(" 41 $M
($+ 4 !$//!
+ & '$% $5&
(& : 8 $5 1 0(1 $ $ ; 10% 5 $/ +!& * 1 $ 1 &($ 0!$/1 0 0 % 1(-(: 0 $ +! $ 0%/ * 0%/ * 0 % ("( ($ 0%/ * +!" 1 * $ 1 $M : 1 4 1(-(: 0 $$5 " 8 0 + $ * $0 ! 0 % -(: 0 + $ : $!1M
($+ 4 !$//!
% ,$
/ ! $ 1(8(&4 *!" $ 5 $/ $+ & * 1 $ + " ($- : ! 0%6% $ + &! 0%/ * 5 $/ +!0(0 :1 $M (8(& : :% *1 4 $+ +($/ $ 1!$(&6 $+ + " ($- : ! 0%6% $ 0%6% $ 0(&*(8%0M
!1 %&%1
%/5$& 1$'$
(8(& : 1(& * %* 4 5 $/ +!1("% &1 $ * 0 8(1(&6 ($0 " + $ 9!*!1 %$0%1 ($- : ! 0!$/1 0 1!$(&6 M
($+ 4 !$//!
%/5$& 4 1&$1
/ ! $ & * 0!+ 1 $2 0(&*!$/%$/2 1(* "2 *0&(* + $ 1(* " +!8 $+!$/ & * $2 :% *2 -.-.12 * $0 ! + $ *(" (" 1* $ 1 $ 0%/ *M
($+ 4 !$//!
$ +$ -, %(*!.$(& :( 8(&! $ :(&!$/1 0,
$ +$ 6, %(*!.$(& :( 8.8.0 $,
4 : :(&0 + " 4 :( 8(&! $ :(&!$/1 0 +!4!0%$/ + &! 1%(*!.$(& +($/ $ &($0 $/ $!" ! L LL , (*:.$+($ +! !$0 %$0%1 ( 8(&!1 $ $!" ! +($/ $ = *1 " +! ($*! 8(8 $ 1(&6 ($0 " 5 !0%
(8%0%4 $ ($0 " 2 (8%0%4 $ !*!1 2
(8%0%4 $ 10% 2 !$(&6 2 !$/1 0
* 4 2 + $ !$/1 0 &%*0 *! 2 :( 8(&! $
& 0!$/ +!" 1%1 $ *(- & *%86(10!9 8(&+ * &1 $ :(&*(:*! *!$/ *!$/ &(*:.$+($2 1( %+! $ 4 *!" 0(&*(8%0 +!0.0 " 1(*("%&%4 $,
4 : 1(+% + " 4 :( 8.8.0 $ (
1%(*!.$(& +!8(&!1 $ + " 8($0%1 :(&8 $+!$/ $ 5 $/ 0(&+!&! + &! > : * $/, (*:.$+($ +! !$0 %$0%1 ( !"!4 * " 4 * 0% + &! +% !$+!1 0.& 5 $/ "(8!4 +. !$ $ 0(&4 + : 8(8 $ 1(&6 ($0 " + " :(" 1* $ $ 1(/! 0 $ 1(&6 5 $/ +! " !,
4 : 1(0!/ + " 4 %$0%1 ($/(0 4%! 8(* &
8(8 $ 1(&6 ($0 " & &
+ &! 1%(*!.$(& 2 +!" 1%1 $
+($/ $ :($/1 "!1 $ :( 8.8.0 $ ( + $
:(&!$/1 0 *(0! : +! ($*!2 + $ +!8 /! >,
>
$+ 6* *!" :($/." 4 $ 1%(*!.$(& ,
. .0
12.%0 %
%1
5. $& /.
+$% ,$
4 4
$0$% %,$ %$% &
AA> L LL KA> KAL L =>2KK !$//!
A A AA> KL K> K>L D> L =A2KK !$//!
K K DL L K> KB> @L > @D2=B (+ $/
@ @ LL >L LL ALL A>L >L >L2LL !$//!
. 0 % 1& $1 5$0 5
> @L >L KAL K@L A L L B>2KK !$//!
= A >L >> A L @LL A L L BK2LL !$//!
B K BL LL K>L A=L D> L =>2LL !$//!
. 0 % 1& $1 $%/$%
BL @> ALL KAL K L L B@2KK !$//!
D A @L DL L ALL K>L @L >>2KK !$//!
L K L > A@L KAL L @LL 2=B $/ 0 !$//!
@ @LL AL =L A@L A@L L BB2KK !$//!
A > A@L A L >L LL @> >L >B2=B !$//!
K = @> K> L AA> L L > 2LL !$//!
@ B A@L @> >L KLL @>L L BD2LL !$//!
. 0 % 1& $1
> A@L B> >L KB> A L L B@2=B !$//!
= A L B> L KL @A> >L =A2=B !$//!
B K =L BL L @A> BL L >2=B $/ 0 !$//!
@ L BL >L ABL KLL A L B 2LL !$//!
D > D> LL AA> KB> >L L =D2=B !$//!
AL = => A@L AL AB> AAL L = 2KK !$//!
A B =L BL AA> DL @LL L =D2=B !$//!
AA KA> A=L L => KL D> =>2LL !$//!
AK D @L > AA> A > @>L A> L2=B $/ 0 !$//!
A@ L B> @L B> @A> K=L AL BD2=B !$//!
A> @L KLL L AL L L >@2=B !$//!
A= A AA> DL DL DL L L @>2LL (+ $/
. %/ +$%/$% + 0$($ $% 1 $
AB >L AL K=L L @B> L BD2LL !$//!
A A B> K> >L AA> @LL L =>2=B !$//!
AD K KL BL A@L A L K>L L B 2KK !$//!
KL @ KB> L L =L AA> @L =>2KK !$//!
K > AAL >> L =L ALL L @B2=B (+ $/
. 1$& $&$ 0$% 1& %7. $1 $%$, %
KA L L K>L A L LL @L BL2LL !$//!
KK A L DL KL A@L ALL K> > 2KK !$//!
K@ K L > @>L KAL A@L L BD2=B !$//!
K> @ A@L L >L A L @LL @> B@2KK !$//!
K= > L L K>L A L @> A L B 2LL !$//!
KB = >L LL >L ALL A>L LL >L2LL !$//!
K B DL @> A@L A@L A L L >D2=B !$//!
(&+ * &1 $ : + 8(" A +!1(0 4%! *!$/ *!$/ 6% " 4 8(8 $ 1(&6 (+ $/ *(8 $5 1 K :(/ ; !2 6% " 4 8(8 $ 1(&6 !$//!*(8 $5 1
3*
* 1 2 $%
.$+!*! 8(8 $ 1(&6 :(/ ; ! +! %$!0 1(&6 0!$/1 0 8!&. ($%$6%11 $ !$+!1 *! 8(8 $ 1(&6 5 $/ 0!$//!2
+!1(0 4%! 8 4; 8(8 $ 1(&6 (+ $/*(8 $5 1 K
:(/ ; !2 8(8 $ 1(&6 !$//!*(8 $5 1 :(/ ; ! KA :(/ ; ! + $ 8(8 $ 1(&6 $/ 0 0!$//! *(8 $5 1K :(/ ; !, (+ $/1 $ 1!$(&6 :(/ ; ! + " 1.$+!*!
5 $/ 8 !12 *!$/ *!$/ 1 0(/.&! 1!$(&6
%1%:*(8 $5 1 D :(/ ; !2 1!$(&6
( % *1 $*(8 $5 1 AD :(/ ; !, &! 4 *!" %6!
*0 0!*0!1 +($/ $ ($//%$ 1 $ (0.+(
+!*! :%"1 $ 8 4; 8(8 $ 1(&6 :(/ ; ! 8(&:($/ &%4 0(&4 + : 1!$(&6 :(/ ; ! %$!0 1(&6 0!$/1 0 8!&. +! (&/%&% $ 0!$//! ,
* $ $%
+ :($("!0! $ *(" $6%0$5 +!4 & :1 $ :($/%1% & $ 8(8 $ 1(&6 8!* +!" $6%01 $ +($/ $ ($//
8%$/1 $ +($/ $ (0.+( & : + %$!0
1(&6 : + 0!$/1 0 "( 8 / 0 % : + 0!$/1 0 9 1%"0 * +! (&/%&% $ 0!$//! ,
4
I J +4 $ 2 2 $% & , $ "!* (8 $ (&6 +($/ $ ($//%$ 1 $ .&1 :"!$/ + $
%$0%1 ($($0%1 $ <% " 4 :(& 0.& 0%+! *%*# ,
P , . % ! - ,
AL @Q A > # D=@ DBK,
IAJ &*! 2 &0!;! , $ "!*!* (8 $ (&6 %$0%1 ($($0%1 $ <% " 4 :0! " &5 ; $ + $ ( (0 $ . :(0($*! &5 ; $ (&+ * &1 $ <.8 (*-&!:0!.$ 0%+! *%*# <%&%* $ (1$!1 $+%*0&!2 2 %& 8 5 , .
, AL AQ # >A= >AD,
IKJ (1(& , *!$/ .%0:%0* .9 9.& 8%!"+!$/ ($0 " ;.&1". + (F:(&0 *5*0( , / 0 1 ) ! . # , AL @Q H.", AB @ # KA @A,
I@J +!05 2 !+6 6 , $ "!*!* (8 $ (&6 .&1". + $ !$(&6 &5 ; $ .%*(1((:!$/ +! .0(" 2
*%& 8 5 ,. 2 ! - . , AL =Q @#
A@B A=@,
I>J !""(& ,& , 0!.$ " +3 $-(+ &!3!$/ ! %" 0.&, $!0(+ 0 0(*# 4( $!3(&*!05 .9 .; , ALL , I=J &(0$. , $ "!* (8 $ (&6 !*!1 + $ ($0 " +($/ $
($//%$ 1 $ .&1 :"!$/ + $ $0%1 ($($0%1 $ <% " 4 :(& 0.& $ "5*!* 45*!- " $+ ($0 " .&1". + *(* .&1 :"!$/ $+
. (-!+( :(& 0.& % 8(&,. % ! , AL >Q A # >@ =A,
IBJ !+ 5 0 2 %6 $/1.&. , ($/%1%& $ (8 $ (&6 (& ; 0 ($//%$ 1 $ (0.+( * "F, , AL KQ A # @A @B,
I J - " , # , %&5 4 & , & (+! %*0 1 0 # < 1 &0 , ALLA,
IDJ %/!5.$., , $+%$/#
"9 8(0 , ALL>,
I LJ !*$!0 , ($/( 8 $/ $ 1 " .+(" !1(&0, . " 3 , AL AQK# = DD,
I J *0! $0. , ($/ &%4 0&( (&6 + $ (8 $ (&6 (&4 + : !$(&6 &5 ; $ %& 8 5 ,.
4 % - , AL @Q K B # B,
I AJ &!9%++!$ 2 :!& 4 , %8%$/ $ !*!:"!$ + $ (8 $ (&6 +($/ $ !$(&6 (& ; 0 +! % $/ ; 0 $ : % 4 1!0 % (& 4 $+ 0 "%,
