ABSTRACT
Sari, Wuri Lukito (2016). The Interpersonal Conflict of Percy in Single Parent Family as Seen in Riordan’s Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief Novel. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program Sanata Dharma University.
This study analyses Rick Riordan’s novel entitled Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief. The novel tells about Percy Jackson’s life and journey as a demi god, half human and god or called hero. He lived with his mother and his step father. Unfortunately, he never knows his real father and the truth about him. Percy got attacked by a monster when he was in a school trip. Percy should have done his quest and saved the world and his mother. All tragedies that happened were related to his real father that he hated so much because he never met him since he was a baby. This analysis of study focuses on the characterization of Percy Jackson in single parent family. There are two formulated problems. The first is to analyze the characterization of Percy Jackson in the novel. The second is to find the intrapersonal conflict between Percy and his original father in the novel.
This is a library research. The approach of this study is critical approach focusing on psychological approach. In order to analyze the novel, there are two sources of data. The main source is the novel Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief novel and the second sources are some books and electronic sources on internet such as articles, journals and electronic books that support the research.
After conducting the research, the researcher found two points to conclude. The first point Percy is described as a troublesome kid who always moves from one school to another school, is caring with his friend and his mother, is brave to face his quest and his long journey to finish it and is responsible for his quest. The second point is the interpersonal conflict of Percy. Percy should know the truth about who is his father. Percy’s has journey to find lightening bold and bring him to the important fate. He never expected that he is a demigod and his father is Poseidon, god of the sea.
Therefore, the researcher concludes that Percy has four characteristics namely troublesome kid, caring, responsible and brave. Moreover, Percy has interpersonal conflict with his father. He has to find the truth by himself.
ABSTRAK
Sari, Wuri Lukito (2016). The Interpersonal Conflict of Percy in Single Parent Familyin Riordan’s Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief Novel. Yogyakarta: Pendidikan Bahasa dan seni, Departement Pedidikan Bahasa dan Seni. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Studi ini menganalisa sebuah novel yang berjudul Percy Jackson and Lightning thief. Fokus studi ini adalah menganalisa karakter dari tokoh utama “Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief” serta tokoh pembantu selama perjalanan.
Untuk menemukan karakter dari novel ini penulis merumuskan dua permasalahan. Permasalahan yang dirumuskan adalah “1) apa karakter dari Percy Jackson sebagai tokoh utama dalam cerita tersebut? 2) mengapa Percy membenci ayahnya sendiri. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menemukan karakter sorang anak yang dibesarkan di lingkungan single parent family. Serta mengetahui apa yang harus dilakukan Percy untuk mengatasi konflik tersebut.
Metode yang digunakan studi ini adalah studi pustaka. Studi ini juga menggunakan pendekatan psychology untuk menganalisa karakter dari tokoh utama tersebut. Sumber utama dari studi ini adalah sebuah novel berjudul Percy Jackson and Lightening Thief serta beberapa sumber terpercaya dari internet dan bahan bacaan untuk mendukung studi.
Setelah melakukan penelitian, penulis menemukan dua kesimpulan. Percy Jackson dalam studi ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai karakter yang peduli, bertanggung jawab dan berani. Percy Jackson digambarkan sebagai anak yang bermasalah di sekolah maupun di rumah. Yang kedua mengenai konflik antara Percy dan ayahnya serta perkembangan percy sebagai anak dengan satu orang tua.
Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa karakter dari tokoh utama dalam novel adalah anak yang bermasalah, peduli, bertanggung jawab dan pemberani. Selain itu, Percy dapat mengetahui mengenai ayah kandunganya yang telah meninggalkan dia sejak masih dalam kandungan walaupun itu menimbulkan konflik dalam dirinya sendiri.
i
THE INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT OF PERCY
IN SINGLE PARENT FAMILY AS SEEN IN RIORDAN’S
PERCY JACKSON AND THE LIGHTNING THIEF
NOVEL
A SARJANA PENDIDIKANTHESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana PendidikanDegree
in English Language Education
By
Wuri Lukito Sari Student Number: 111214086
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA
iv
DEDICATION PAGE
This Thesis is presented to
My God Almighty, Jesus Christ
Because of His Grace and Plans in my life
1 Corinthians 13: 13
And now abide faith, hope and love these three;
but the greatest of these is love.
vii
ABSTRACT
Sari, Wuri Lukito (2016). The Interpersonal Conflict of Percy in Single Parent Family as Seenin Riordan’s Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief Novel.
Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program Sanata Dharma University.
This study analyses Rick Riordan’s novel entitled Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief. The novel tells about Percy Jackson’s life and journey as a demi god, half human and god or called hero. He lived with his mother and his step father.Unfortunately, he never knows his real father and the truth about him. Percy got attacked by a monster when he was in a school trip. Percy should have done his quest and saved the world and his mother. All tragedies that happened were related to his real father that he hated so much because he never met him since he was a baby. This analysis of study focuses on the characterization of Percy Jackson in single parent family. There are two formulated problems. The first is to analyze the characterization of Percy Jackson in the novel. The second is to find the intrapersonal conflict between Percy and his original father in the novel.
This is a library research. The approach of this study is critical approach focusing on psychological approach. In order to analyze the novel, there are two sources of data. The main source is the novel Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief
novel and the second sources are some books and electronic sources on internet such as articles, journals and electronic books that support the research.
After conducting the research, the researcher found two points to conclude. The first point is the character who supports Percy in the novel and Percy characterization of the novel. Percy is described as a troublesome kid who always moves from one school to another school, is caring with his friend and his mother, is brave to face his quest and his long journey to finish it and is responsible for his quest. The second point is finding the cause of his father’s leaving. Percy should know the truth about who is his father. Percy’s has journey to find lightening bold and bring him to the important fate. He never expected that he is a demigod and his father is Poseidon, god of the sea.
Therefore, the researcher concludes that Percy has four characteristics namely troublesome kid, caring, responsible and brave. Moreover, Percy has interpersonal conflict with his father. He has to find the truth by himself.
viii
ABSTRAK
Sari, Wuri Lukito (2016).The Interpersonal Conflict of Percy in Single Parent Familyin Riordan’s Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief Novel. Yogyakarta: Pendidikan Bahasa dan seni, Departement Pedidikan Bahasa dan Seni. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Studi ini menganalisa sebuah novel yang berjudul Percy Jackson and Lightning thief. Fokus studi ini adalah menganalisa karakter dari tokoh utama “Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief” serta tokoh pembantu selama perjalanan.
Untuk menemukan karakter dari novel ini penulis merumuskan dua permasalahan. Permasalahan yang dirumuskan adalah “1) apakarakterdari Percy Jackson sebagai tokoh utama dalam cerita tersebut? 2) mengapa Percy membenci ayahnya sendiri. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menemukan karakter seorang anak yang dibesarkan di lingkungan single parent family. Serta mengetahui apa yang harus dilakukan Percy untuk mengatasi konflik tersebut.
Metode yang digunakan studi ini adalah studi pustaka. Studi ini juga menggunakan pendekatan psychology untuk menganalisa karakter dari tokoh utama tersebut. Sumber utama dari studi ini adalah sebuah novel berjudul Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief serta beberapa sumber terpercaya dari internet dan bahan bacaan untuk mendukung studi.
Setelah melakukan penelitian, penulis menemukan dua kesimpulan. Pertama mengenai karakter-karakter yang membantu Percy. Karakter-karakterter sebut adalah, Annabeth, Grover and Percy dan Luke sebagai tokoh yang menyebabkan kekacauan yang terjadi. Karakter Percy Jackson dalam studi ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai karakter yang bertanggungjawab dan berani. Percy Jackson digambarkan sebagai anak yang bermasalah disekolah maupun di rumah. Yang kedua mengenai konflik antara Percy dan ayahnya serta perkembangan percy sebagai anak dengan satu orang tua.
Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa karakter dari tokoh utama dalam novel adalah anak yang bermasalah, peduli, bertanggung jawab dan pemberani. Selain itu, Percy dapat mengetahui mengenai ayah kandunganya yang telah meninggalkan dia sejak masih dalam kandungan walaupun itu menimbulkan konflik dalam dirinya sendiri.
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Jesus Christ for His blessing so that I can finish my
thesis. I believe that He is always with me and helps me finish my thesis. He is
my Father who loves His children so He never leaves me alone.
I would also like to thank my advisor, F.X. Ouda Teda Ena, M.Pd.,
Ed.D., for his guidance and ideas for my thesis. He is a patient person and always
supports me during my process of writing. He also gives his advice to me that I
should never give up in writing my thesis. He knows that writing thesis is not that
easy but he knows that I can do it because whenpeople want to see a rainbow they
need to pass the rain, the sunlight and sometimes the storms.
I dedicate my thesis to my beloved parents, my father Mardi and my
mother The Djian Nie. They always support me from my hometown and never
stop praying for me and my thesis so that I can finish it and get a good job later.
And also to my beloved little brother Septian Bayu Sembodo, who always
reminds me to do my thesis and support me with his love.
I would like to thank my best friends Yohanna Tannia and Septriany
Gloria, who always accompany me since the beginning of the first semester, even
before our orientation. They always support me and put my name in their prayers.
I would like to thank my beloved friends in ELESP 2011 especially class B for
fulfilling my life beautifully. I am really happy to spend 4 years with all of them. I
never forget every moment I spent with them and all of them are cool. I would
x
and give their prayer for me, I am really happy to meet and have process with all
of them.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my second family in Kos Merpati
especially Wulan, Ce Villy, Ce Fani. I really love them all. I thank them for
sharing their happinesses, sadnesses and tears and every moment we spent
together. We are live in the same place together and grow up together.
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE OF PAGE………i
APPROVAL PAGE………ii
DEDICATION PAGE………iv
STATEMENT OF WORK ORIGINALITY………....v
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI…….………....vi
ABSTRACT………vii
ABSTRAK………viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………....ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS………xi
LIST OF APPENDICES………....xii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION….………1
A. Research Background………..1
B. Problem Formulation………...2
C. Research Objectives……….3
D. Research Benefits………...3
xii
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…….………5
A. Review of Related Theories……….5
B. Theoretical Framework………...18
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY………...20
A. Object of Study………..……20
B. Approach Study………..21
C. Method Study……….22
CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS………...23
A. The Characterization of Percy Jackson..………23
B. The Interpersonal Conflict of Percy Jackson..………...28
1. The Causes of Percy Interpersonal Conflict………..………29
2. Percy Interpersonal Conflict through His Father………...33
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS……….36
A. Conclusions………36
B. Suggestions………38
C. Reflection………...38
REFERENCES………...42
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices Page
1. The Summary of Percy Jackson and Lightening thief………44
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This research discusses children’s characteristics in a single parent family
and the interpersonal conflict of the main character in Riordan’s novel entitled
Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief novel. In order to give detailed information
about that, this chapter consists of five parts: Research Background, Research
Objectives, Research Benefits, and Definition of Terms.
A. Research Background
In this globalization era, many cases happen among children. Many
children have bad behaviors and characteristics in their social life. Building
children’s character is important for their future. In building their characters not
only teacher role but also need parents’ role, for that purpose and to face the
reality of globalization, parents’ roles are need to make their children have good
behavior and character building. But if the children only have single parent or
children, the parent must give extra attentions to teach his or her children.
In general according to Erickson (1959), children development refers to
the biological, psychological, and emotional changes. It occurs in human beings
between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from
dependency to increasing autonomy. It is a continuous process with a predictable
sequence yet having a unique course for every child. It does not progress at the
Children from single parent family usually have different behavior and
characteristic rather than children who have complete parents.
During the development, there are some factors that may influence
children behaviors, such as external factors that might influence child’s behavior,
internal factors that might influence child’s behavior and physical environment. A
different case in single parent family, causes many effects for children
development. Namely academic achievement, emotional effect and positive effect.
Beside children development, people must concern of children conflict
because every people have their own conflict. The conflict itself comes from
themselves or other people. According to Gaffar and Khan (2012), there are five
major types of conflicts including intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup,
intergroup, and organizational levels.
This novel discusses Percy Jackson as the main character. Percy lives with
his mother and his step father but his step father does not contribute of Percy’s life
and his mother’s life. He never knows who his father is and where his father right
is Percy has dyslexia. He cannot read and concentrate well in his school. Also he
always moves from one school to another school. It is not easy for him to adapt
and always moves to another school. He also does not have many friends in his
school. However this is not easy for him to pass it.
B. Problem Formulation
Based on the research background, the researcher formulates the following
1. How is Percy characterized in Riordan’s novel entitled Percy Jackson and
Lightning Thief?
2. What are the interpersonal conflicts of Percy in Riordan’s novel entitled
Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief?
C.
Research ObjectivesThe researcher intends to examine the characteristic of Percy Jackson as
the main character in novel Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief who lives with his
mother. The objectives of this study are to solve those two problems formulated.
The first is to explain the characterized of Percy Jackson as the main character of
Percy Jackson and Lighting Thief novel also the supporting characters such as
Grover, Annabeth and Luke. The second is to explain Percy’s interpersonal
conflict through his real father, this part is conflict between son and father. The
father leaves his son since he was an infant but Percy must face the reality that his
father needs his help.
D. Research Benefits
This thesis has many advantages in literary field and education field. The
first is in literary field. It will help the reader to criticize of this novel and build a
critical because every book always has purpose that the writers want to convey.
The second is in educational field. It will give teachers ways to treat students who
E. Definition of Terms
Key words on this thesis are the first is characteristics of Percy Jackson as
the main character in Riordan’s novel entitled Percy Jackson and Lightning Thief.
It is best-selling novel by a famous novelist, Rick Riordan. This novel tells us
about the journey of a half-blood son of god as known as demigod. Demigod is a
child from a god and a human. It is because sometime a god is married to human
and they have children.
The second is single parent is a parent, not living with a spouse or partner,
who has most of the day-to-day responsibilities in raising the child or children.
Behavior change is often a goal for staff working directly with constituents,
organizations, governments, or communities. Individuals charged with this task
can be thought of as “interventionists” whose goal it is to design and implement
programs or interventions that produce the desired behavioral changes. The last is
interpersonal conflict between Percy and his real father. His father left him since
5
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of two section, namely review of related theories, and
theoretical framework. The theoretical description provides some important
concepts related to this research. Those concepts are: character, characterization,
and single parent family, Factors that affect someone character single parent
family, on the other side; this research also provides the theoretical framework
which consists of summary of some theories that will be used in order to solve the
research problems.
A. Review of Related Theories
This part will discuss some important theories related to this research. There
are some related theories discussed. They are character and characterization.
1. Characterization
There are some definitions about characterization from some different
experts. According to Bruto (2004), characterization is a literary device that is
used step by step in literature to highlight and explains the details about a
character in a story. Roane (2014) statescharacterization isthe choices an author
makes to reveal a character’s personality, such as appearance, actions, dialogue,
and motivations. Characterization is an element of the discourse, a part of the
writer's strategy or plan. According to Murphy (1972) there are nine ways of
a. Personal Description
The writer describes certain character in the novel by his or her appearance
for instance by telling characters’ looks, or what he or she wears. This is dealing
with their own needs because some writers want to show the readers about their
personal description by giving details about the color of clothes, kind of clothes,
color of shoes or something they bring such as watch, bag, umbrella, etc.
b. Characters as Seen by Another
The writer uses other characters’ opinions to characterize some characters.
It means that opinions of other character give some description of the characters.
For example, a character may think the other character is very lazy because he
always comes late to school and never does homework.
c. Speech
The writer describes a character through the characters’ speeches. It can be
identified by viewing the character dialogues. The example is a conversation
between two characters in the novel.
d. Past Life
The past life of a several characters shapes the character’s characteristics.
It is because one’s past life influences one’s characteristics in the future. His or
her past life can be told directly by an author of the novel or other characters in
e. Conversation of Others
The writer describes some characters through the conversation of other
characters. It can be clues which reveal the characteristics of some characters.
Using conversation to describe certain characters can see what kind of topic that
the characters discus.
f. Reaction
The reaction of some characters in dealing with some situations and events
which he or she faces in the novel can reveal his or her characterization. It means
how certain characters react about the situation. It can be a panic reaction, enjoy
reaction, mad reaction, surprising reaction and many more.
g. Direct Comments
By describing of giving a comment on a certain character, the writer shows
the characterization to the readers through sentences in the novel. It means that
direct comments can show some characters because they are described by the
conversation among the characters.
h. Thought
In order to know the characteristics of some characters, the writer
describes them through the character’s thoughts. It means that characters are
shown by the way the characters think of something and how they deal with it.
i. Mannerism
The writer shows the characteristics of some characters through their traits,
habits, or manners. It means that the characters are describe by his daily activities
2. Character
Character is a representation of an individual being presented in a dramatic
or narrative work through extended dramatic or verbal representation. The reader
can interpret characters as endowed with moral and dispositional qualities
expressed in what they say (dialogue) and what they do (action). Forster (1974)
describes characters as "flat" (i.e., built around a single idea or quality and
unchanging over the course of the narrative) or "round" (complex in temperament
and motivation; drawn with subtlety; capable of growth and change during the
course of the narrative). The main character of a work of a fiction is typically
called the protagonist; the character against whom the protagonist struggles or
contends (if there is one), is the antagonist. If a single secondary character aids the
protagonist throughout the narrative, that character is the deuterogamist (the hero's
"side-kick"). A character of tertiary importance is a protagonist. A character is
there presentation of a person, place, or thing performing traditionally human
activities or functions in a work of fiction.
3. A Single Parent
Parenting is multiply determined by characteristics of the parent, of the
child, and of contextual subsystems of social support; these three determinants are
not equally influential in supporting or undermining parenting; and developmental
history and personality shape parenting indirectly, by first influencing the broader
context in which parent-child relations exist (i.e., marital relations, social
personality and psychological wellbeing were the most influential of the
determinants in supporting parental functioning. Single parent is usually
considered the primary caregiver, meaning the parent the children have residency
with the majority of the time.
Behavior change is often a goal for staff working directly with
constituents, organizations, governments, or communities. Individuals charged
with this task can be thought of as “interventionists” whose goal it is to design and
implement programs or interventions that produce the desired behavioral changes.
Another definition of Single-parent familiesare families with children under age
18 headed by a parent who is widowed or divorced and not remarried, or by a
parent who has never married, Encyclopedia of Single parent families(2014).
3.1 Effects of Single Parent Family
There are many researcher stated about the effect of children in single
parent family. According to Thomson et al. (1994) who find that the cognitive
disadvantage of children in one-parent families largely disappears when family
complete. Ginther and Pollack (2004) stated that children from one-parent
families display lower cognitive development than their peers from two-parent
families, but that this effect disappears when family income is included as a
control. (as cited in Encyclopedia of Children's Health 2014, p.1). Similarity,
Baxter et al. (2011) who use data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian
Children (LSAC). Prior to controlling for child background variables, children
living in two-parent families had better emotional outcomes than children living
personal characteristics, children from single-parent families continued to display
lower emotional development.
4. Children Development Stages
Children development that occurs from birth to adulthood are largely
ignored throughout much of history. Children are often viewed simply as small
versions of adults and little attention is paid to the many advances in cognitive
abilities, language usage, and physical growth that occur during childhood and
adolescence. According to Piaget, children are born with a very basic mental
structure (genetically inherited and evolved) on which all subsequent learning and
knowledge is based. According to Freud (1915), children development is
described as a series of 'psychosexual stages.' In "Three Essays on Sexuality",
Freud (1915) outlines these stages as oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Each
stage involves the satisfaction of a libidinal desire and can later play a role in
adult personality. If a child does not successfully complete a stage, Freud (1915)
suggested that he or she would develop a fixation that would later influence adult
personality and behavior. Erikson (1959) believed that each stage of development
focuses on overcoming a conflict. For example, the primary conflict during the
adolescent period involves establishing a sense of personal identity.
a. Trust vs. Mistrust
Erikson (1959) said the first psychological crisis occurs during the first
year. In this stage infant is uncertain about the world in which they live. To
resolve these feelings of uncertainty the infant looks towards their primary
consistent, predictable and reliable, they will develop a sense of trust which will
carry with them to other relationships, and they will be able to feel secure even
when they are threatened.
By developing a sense of trust, the infant can have hope as new crises arise. There
is a real possibility that other people will be a source of support.
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
The children are developing physically and become more mobile. Between
the ages of 18 months and three, children begin to assert their independence, by
walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making
choices about what they like to wear and to eat.
The child will discovering that he or she has many skills and abilities, such
as putting on clothes and shoes, playing with toys. Such skills illustrate the child’s
growing sense of independence and autonomy. Erikson (1959) states it is critical
that parents allow their children to explore the limits of their abilities within an
encouraging environment which is tolerant of failure. Parents need to encourage
their children to become more independent whilst at the same time protecting the
children so that constant failure is avoided.
A delicate balance is required from the parents. They must try not to do
everything for their children but if the children fail at a particular task they must
not criticize the children failures and accidents (particularly when toilet training).
The aim has to be self-control without a loss of self-esteem. It will lead to the
their increased independence, they become more confident and secure in their
own ability to survive in the world.
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
In this stage is around age of three and continuing to age of five. Children
assert themselves more frequently. During this period the primary feature involves
the child regularly interacting with other children at school. Central to this stage is
paly, as it provides children with the opportunity to explore their interpersonal
skills through initiating activities.
Children begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities
with others. It gives children opportunity to develop a sense of initiative and feel
secure in their ability to lead others and make decision. In contrast this tendency is
squelched, either through criticism or control, children develop a sense of guilt.
They may feel like nuisance to others and lacking of self-initiative.
In these stages children will begin to ask many questions as their thrust for
knowledge grows. If the parents treat the children question as trivial. A nuisance
or embarrassing or other aspects of their behavior as threatening then the children
may have feeling of guilt for being a nuisance.
d. Competence vs. Inferiority
In these stage are children aged five to twelve years old. Where they will
be learning to read and write, to do sums, to do things on their own. Teachers
begin to take an important role in the child’s life as they teach the child specific
The children peers group will grain greater significance and will become a
major source of the children self-esteem. The children now feel the need to win
approval by society and begin develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments.
If children are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, they begin to
feel industrious and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals. If this initiative
is not encouraged, it is restricted by parents or teachers, then the children begins
to feel inferior, doubted of his own abilities and therefore they may not reach their
potential.
e. Identity vs. Role Confusion
In these stages are adolescences in aged 12 to 18 years old, the transition
from childhood to adulthood is most important. Children are becoming more
independent, and begin to look at the future in term of career, relationships,
families and housing. They want to belong to society and fit in.
This is a major stage in development where the children have to learn the
roles. They will occupy as an adult. It is during this stage that adolescent will
re-examine his or her identity and try to find out exactly who he or she is. Erikson
(1959), suggest that two identities are involved: the sexual and occupational.
Erikson (1959) claims that the adolescent may feel uncomfortable about their
body for a while until they can adapt and grow into changes.
During this period, they explore possibilities and begin to form their own
identity based upon the outcome of their exploration. Failure to establish a sense
sure about themselves or their place in society in response to role confusion or
identity crisis an adolescent may begin to experiment with different lifestyles.
Adolescent may curious about something happen around their environment and
the changes of their body.
f. Intimacy vs. Isolation
In these stages begin to share ourselves more intimately with others.
People explore relationship leading towards longer term commitments with
someone other than a family member.
Successful completion of these stages can lead to a comfortable
relationship and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship.
Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationship can lead to isolation,
loneliness, and even depression.
g. Generativity vs. Stagnation
This is stage for people in middle adulthood around ages 40 to 65 years
old. They establish their careers, settle down within a relationship begin our own
families and develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. People in this
stages will back to society through raising children, being productive at work and
becoming involved in community activities and organizations.
In these stages for people around ages of 65 years old above. People in this
stages become senior citizens, they tend to slow down our productivity, and
explore life as a retired person. It is during this time they contemplate their
accomplishments and are able to develop integrity if they see themselves as
leading a successful life. Erikson (1959) believes if we see our lives as
unproductive, feel guilty about past or feel that we did not accomplish life goals
and become dissatisfied with life and develop despair often leading to depression
and hopelessness.
5. Conflict Theory
The research includes the theory of conflict. This theory includes the
conflict and the conflict resolution. The first part discusses the definition and
types of conflict. Meanwhile, the second part, which is the conflict resolution,
focuses on interpersonal conflict resolutions.
a. Conflict
According to Kasschau (2003), psychology is a scientific study of
behavior and mental process. When applied to humans, psychology covers
everything that people think, feel, and do. Since the unconscious motivation and
conflicts are responsible for human behavior. Therefore, conflict can be
considered as a psychological aspect of human being (Kasschau, 2003).
According to Insenhart and Spangle (2000), conflict is as an exposed struggle
between at least two independent parties that perceive incompatible goals and
Conflict appears when there is a struggle between two independent parties
because they cannot fulfill two or more mutual actions altogether. It happens
whenever incompatible activities occur.Similarly, Hocker and Wilmot (1985)
define conflict as an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent
parties who perceive incompatible goals, scare rewards, and interference from the
other parties in achieving their goals
According to Gaffar and Khan (2012), there are five major types of
conflicts including intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, intergroup, and
organizational levels. From the five types of conflict, a brief detailed information
about intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts is discussed further. According to
Gaffar and Khan (2012), intrapersonal conflict arises because of multifarious
reasons within an individual. This conflict that happens within an individual
indicates the presence of different ideas, opposing feelings, and activities. It
causes stress, anxiety, uncertainty, hesitation, and depression. In contrast,
interpersonal conflict represents conflicts between two individuals. In other
words, this conflict occurs between two independent parties. Interpersonal conflict
always presents in groups because individuals differ in terms of values, beliefs,
attitudes, and behavior. For instance, interpersonal conflict appears because of
disagreement to achieve individuals’ goals.
1. Conflict Resolution
Conflicts often appear regularly in human life. It makes sense that people
have to deal with conflicts. People have to develop strategies to deal with
McCollum (2009) states that conflicts can be managed in six ways. The first is
avoidance. A person can use this strategy to steer clear of conflicts, for any
number of reasons. The person can decide that the confrontation proves more
troubles that are worth. The second is independent action. This approach involves
the other side starting a conflict with little or no effort to communicate with the
other sides. It often involves violence, illegal acts, or both. Independent action is
almost and always a bad idea. The third is negotiation. Negotiation consists of
different sides talking one-on-one to try to work out resolution.
The fourth is mediation. This strategy is similar to negotiation. The difference
is that an outside party as a mediator takes part. The mediator makes no decisions,
but helps smooth the communication between the sides of conflict. The fifth is
arbitration. Arbitration involves an outside party taking part discussions. An
arbitrator makes judgment about how the conflict should be resolved. The last is
litigation. Litigation is the use of legal system to settle a dispute.
There are several ways to handle conflict based on its types that are faced.
Kasschau (2003) proposes four types of intrapersonal conflict situation and how
they are resolved. The first one is approach-approach type. An individual must
choose between two alternative. To deal with this type of conflict, the individual
decides which goals that he or she wants to approach. An approach-approach
conflict is a conflict in name only. It does not produce great deal of stress because
both choices are satisfying. The second is avoidance-avoidance type. The type
most possible way to solve it is to either leave the conflict or choose one better
alternative over the others.
The third is approach-avoidance type. An individual who wants to do
something but has fears or doubts or is repulsed by it at the same time is
experiencing an approach-avoidance conflict. The resolution of this conflict is
often very difficult and depends generally on the person’s finding added reason to
choose one alternative over the other. The fourth is a double approach-avoidance
conflict. An individual must choose between two goals or more alternatives, each
of which has attractive and unattractive aspects. In other words, this type concerns
with choosing one goal and as a consequence in giving up the other goals.
Adler and Towne (1990: 376-380) propose three manners of taking the
decision to do or not to do something in interpersonal conflict. The first manner is
win-lose problem solving in which the party gets what she/he wants while another
party is not. Therefore, there will only be one satisfied party. The second manner
is lose-lose in which neither side is satisfied with the decision. The third manner is
win-win. It is aimed to satisfy both parties. It does not involve compromise in
which one should give up something or find the most correct solution for
everybody with similar problem, but it works when the individual can find the
right answer to the problem.
B. Theoretical Framework
According to Erikson (2012), he believes that each stage of development focuses
period involves establishing a sense of personal identity. And Percy Jackson was
in the stages of Identity vs. Role Confusion for 12-18 years old. In this stages he
is in social relationship that he wants to know other world outside house and he
started explore the social world. Percy is a teenager, in this stages also teens need
to develop a sense of self and personal identity.
Percy starts to know himself and who is he. It is because many things
strange happened around him and he cannot control his emotion or cannot
concentrate well in the class. The writer chooses this theory because his suitable
for the research and Erickson (2012), gives clear explanation about children stage
20
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discussed the method of the study and it will be divide into
three parts. They are object of the study, approach of the study, and method of the
study.
A. Object of Study
This object of this study was the main character in Percy Jackson and
Lightning Thief novel. The subject of this thesis was Percy Jackson and
Lightening Thief novel by Rick Riordan. Richard Russell Riordan Jr. better
known as Rick Riordan is The New York Times bestselling American author of
the Percy Jackson and Olympians series. Born on June 5, 1964, Rick Riordan
grew up in Texas. The writer really like this sequel novel actually this novel
comes into 5 series. Riordans as the writer successfully brought the readers into
the Percy’s and friend journey. The categorized of this novel was fiction. The
number of the page of the novel were 376 pages
Percy is the main character in this novel. He is a son of Poseidon, God of the
ocean. He lives with his mother and stepfather. Percy never know his real father
since he was a baby. It is because Poseidon left him since he was a baby. Because
of Percy is a son of Poseidon, he inherit his father’s strength and ability. He isa
demigod because his mother is a human and his father is a god. When he goes to
one school and another school because of the violence, he could not concentrate,
and read well. All of this can happen because he do not have complete family, he
never know his father and also do not like his step father. He has bad tempered
when he facing his step father. And then he really hates his father because he
never know him.
B. Approach of Study
In this thesis the writer used psychological approach. It was from the critical
approach by Rohrberger and Wood (1971). This critical approach is divided into
five, namely formalist approach, biographical approach, socio cultural-historical
approach, mythopoeic approach, and psychology approach. The reason using
psychological approach, was because the researcher wanted to examine Percy’s
character in the novel. He lived with his mother and his step father but he never
knew his real father at the first. In psychological critics view works through the
lens of psychology. Their looks either the psychological motivations of the
character or of the author themselves, although the former is considered a more
respectable approach. According to Freudian approach in psychology, there are
three type of psychological approach. They are id (pleasure principle in the
unconscious), Super ego (repository of conscience/pride that protect society), and
ego (the governing agent of the unconscious that protect the individual). Freudian
theory related to human behavior derives from libido/sexual energy.
1. Advantages: A useful tool for understanding some works, in which
approach, knowing something about a writer’s psychological makeup can
give us insight into his work.
2. Disadvantages: Psychological criticism can turn a work into little more than
a psychological case study, neglecting to view it as a piece of art. Critics
sometimes attempt to diagnose long dead authors based on their works,
which is perhaps not the best evidence of their psychology. Critics tend to
see sex in everything, exaggerating this aspect of literature. Finally, some
works do not lend themselves readily to this approach.
C. Method of Study
The method of this thesis is the writer using library studies. The researcher
used the Rick Riordan’s novel as the main research and other books to support the
research thesis such as, the book entitled Children Stages Development and some
sources from internet.
There were two steps that the writer did. The first step was the researcher read
the novel until the end to understanding the novel. Before the researcher read the
novel, the researcher watched the movie first. But in the movie cannot provide
accurate data that the writers needed. And then create two problem formulation.
After reading the novel, the researcher read again to collect the important data
from the novel. The writer highlighted and underlined the data related to the
problem formulation. And the last step was analyzing the data that the researcher
23
CHAPTER 4
ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the researcher discusses the characterization of Percy
Jackson as the major character in the Percy Jackson and Lighting Thief novel. The
discussion of this chapter is divided into two parts based on the problem
formulation. The first part is the discussion of Percy Jackson characterization and
the supporting characters. The second part is the reasons why he hates his real
father.
A. Characterization of Percy Jackson
Percy is the main character of this novel. He is a trouble kid who always
makes his school life ruin. He is twelve years old. He is a boarding student at
Yancy Academy for a trouble kids in upstate New York (p.1). Percy has dyslexia
and attention deficit disorder. He never makes above C- in his school life. Percy
lives with his mother and his step father. He never meets his original father since a
baby. His mother tell him that his father have to leave them because his father
have something important to do. Because he never meet his father, he really hates
his father. Percy claims that if his father never leaves him and his mother, they
will have a good life. It is because Percy and his mother have to live with his step
father that never really cares about his existence. Beside his background of Percy
family, he has many struggles after he knows the truth about his father. The fact is
(p.126) and then he is a demigod (p.95). Demi god is the terms of children from
human and god. Namely half-blood (p.95).
Percy livesin half-blood camp because his existence is in danger. After his
mother disappear, so he must live at there. It is a big accident that happen and
Percy is suspected do that. At the first he do not know the accident until Chiron
tell him (p .134). He had a quest to found something valuable. Zeus’s lighting
bold (p.135). It is a long journey to found it. Percy do his quest with Grover and
Annabeth. They faces many hardness until Percy finds it and he meets his father
at the first time.
The analysis is based on Murphy’s (1972) theory of character and
personalities. As the result there were four of Percy Jackson’s characteristics
found in Percy Jackson and Lighting Thiefnovel by Rick Riordan.
1. Troublesome
Percy is a troublesome kid. He is going to school at Yancy Academy, a
private school for trouble kids in upstate New York (p.1). He has dyslexia and
attention deficit disorder (p.7). Because he had dyslexia he could not concentrate
well in class and had difficult in reading. The past life of Percy, he had moments,
when his brain fallen asleep or something and the next thing he knew he had
missed something, as if a puzzle piece fell out of the universe and left staring at
the blank place behind it. His school counselor tell him he has ADHD. His brain
his subject his like his Latin class at the most. He often moves from one school to
another school because of his disorder and disease.
2. Caring
Everyone has their caring side.Even Percy also hashis caring side to his
family and his friends. Care is kind of affection to other people. There are many
cares that Percy shows to his family and friends.
Percy really cares and loves his mother. He lives with his mother and step
father but his step father never treat him and his mother well. He will do anything
to protect his mother from his step father because he know that his step father
never treats his mother well (p.30). When Percy faces bull monster on the way to
half-blood camp he tries to protect his mother but he cannot save her (p.53) and
then he know the way to save his mother.
“Then, within an angry roar, the monster closed his fists around my mother’s neck, and she dissolved before my eyes, melting into light, a shimmering golden form, as if she were a holographic projection. A blinding flash, and she was simply… gone.” (p.53)
He definitely cares with his mother because she is the only one he has and
he never want to lose her even he must save his mother for underworld.
Percy also cares tohis friend named Grover. When Nancy Bobofit
bullyingGrover, Percy wants to take revenge to her and hit her but Grover calm
him down (p.3).
in-school suspension if anything bad, embarrassing, or even mildly entertaining happened on this trip.”
I’m going to kill her,” I mumbled
Grover tried to calm me down. “It’s okay. I like peanut butter.” (p.3)
It is because Grover was his best friend since they are in the same
elementary school He attends the same school with Percy at Yancy Academy.
Percy looks him as a child who have been held back several grades. It is because
his appearance different from other children.
“He must have been held back several grades, because he was the only sixth grader with acne and the start of a wispy beard on his chin. On top of all that, he was crippled. He had a note excusing him from PE (Physical Exercise) for the rest of his life because he had some kind of muscular disease in his legs (p.3)”.
. Percy also cares with other people because when he cannot find a thunder
bold, people in the world are in danger so he triesto find the thunder bold and
saves other people. In the camp Percy has friend name Annabeth. They become
friend and partner to find the thunder bold. She is a demi god and daughter of
Athena, God of wisdom and battle. Annabeth comes to the camp when she is
seven years old (p.97).
“I have been here since I was seven,” she said. Every August, on the last day of summer season, you get a bead for surviving another year. I have been here longer than most of counselors, and they are all in college.”(p.97)
In the journey Percy saves Annabeth from Medusa because Medusa hates
Annabeth’s mother and wants to make her become stone by looking Medusa’s
eyes.
3. Responsible
He takes care of his mother (p. 31) and Grover (p.3). When he realize that his
cannot protect his mother. He says, “I thought about how he had squeezed the life
and rage filled me like high-octane fuel. I got both hands around one horn and I
pulled back ward with all might” (p.55). And Percy livesin Half-blood camp when
he lives at camp, there is a big problem in Olympic because someone steal one of
biggest god important things and he is suspects as a thief. Percy knows that from
Chiron, who says, “You’ll meet worst, Percy. Far worse before you done.” And
Percy replies, “done…with what?” (p.134) and Chiron offer him for quest. After
that he gets his quest to find the thunder bold that own by Zeus with Grover and
Annabeth. During their journey to finds the thunder bold, Percy faces many
hardness. For the example: Most of Minotaur wants to kill him because of his
smell, Percy is son of Poseidon, god of the sea and Minotaur interesting with his
smell because Annabeth says, “You are a son of one the big Thor. Your smell
might be overpowering” (p.162).
Percy’s journeys is not long journey. He has to bring the lightening bold back
by the summer solstice (p. 137).
“Most thinking observers would agree that thievery is not Poseidon’s style. But the Sea God it too proud to try convincing Zeus of that. Zeus has demanded that Poseidon return the bolt by the summer solstice. That’s June twenty-first, ten days from now.” (p.137)
During the journey, He faces Medusa at The Garden Gnome Emporium,
Hydra at Museum, Chihuahua, Chimera, Ares and he saves his mother from
underworld. Finally, Percy and friends can finish their quest to find the valuable
thing that is missing before and save his mother from underworld he also saves
4. Brave
In the beginning, Percy is not brave enough. He has a school trip to
Manhattan with twenty eight mental kids and two teachers on yellow school bus,
heading to the Metropolitan Museum of Art to look at ancient Greek and Roman
stuffs(p.2). At there, he is learning many things about ancient Greek and he really
likes this major because of his Dyslexia he cannot study well except Greek and
Latin (p.18). During the school trip he never gets trouble but one of his teacher
asks him to talk something and says that Percy gives us problem (p.12). Suddenly
his teacher become a monster with bat wing and claws and a mouth of yellow
fangs (p.12). And he get a pen from Mr. Brunner and it is a bronze sword, which
he always uses on tournament day. When the monster towards Percy with a
murderous look in her eyes, his knee was jelly and his hands are shaking so badly
(p.11). It is proof that Percy is not brave enough person at that time but the time
goes and many journey pass.
Percy becomes a brave person. The first example is when he facing bull
monster. Actually he cannot beat that monster but his mother encourages him to
beat the monster and he do it. The second is when he fights with Medusa at the
Garden Gnome Emporium Percy can beat her to save Annabeth and Grover. And
the third, when he saves finishing his quest to find the valuable thing that is steal
and saves his mother from underworld.
The main character of this novel is Percy. He is twelve years old. He lives with his
mother and his step father who never feel his existence. Percy never meets his
father since a baby. He really hates his father. Actually he never knows about his
real father but there is a quest that he must face his father. Percy gets many
troubles during his school life and his miss father role in his life. It is because his
father and his step father ignore him.
1. The Causes of Percy Interpersonal Conflict
According to the novel since Percy is a baby, he lives with his mother and
his step father who never feels his existence. The only one his precious thing in
this world is his mother, he never wants to lose her. Because Percy does not live
in condition of complete family, many things happen to him and he has to deal
with his conflicts relates to the truth of his father and his fate.
a. Living in Single Parent Family.
According to Erickson (1959) in child development stages, Percy is in
adolescence stages which meant identity vs. role confusion. The age of this stage
around 12 up to 18 years old. In the novel, Percy is 12 years old (p.1). He does not
have many friends in school and he does not know how to socialize with his
friends. In this stage as a teenage, Percy does not have many friends. The only
friend that he has is Grover.
According to Erikson (1959), each stage of development focuses on
overcoming a conflict. Percy is in teen age which ismean that teenager always
curious about many things and like to join in the social community. However
group. Despite that he suffers from dyslexia and could not concentrate well and
hard to study. Percy is in stage of identity vs. role confusion (Erikson, 1959).
Percy tries to find his identity and he still confuse of himself after he knows the
truth that he is a demigod. In Percy’s life, he is lacks of parents’ role because his
father leaves him since he is a baby and his step father treats him like he does not
exist. He only gets parent role from his mother. Percy lives in single parent family
condition and according to the Baxter et al. (2011) children living in two-parent
families have better emotional outcomes than children living in one-parent
families. After controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and personal
characteristics, children from single-parent families continue to display lower
emotional development. Percy always gets mad if his step father treats his mother
like a slave (p.30).
“Between the two of us, we made my mom’s life pretty hard. The way Smelly Gabe treated her, the way he and I Got along… “(p.30)
Besides, he hates his real father because his father left him. He never
knows how father’s love like every father always plays with his son. He also
never gets love from his step father.
“I felt angry with at my father. Maybe it was stupid, but I resent him for going on that ocean Voyage, for not having the guts to marry my mom. He’d left us and now were stuck with Smelly Gabe”. (p.39)
This condition makes his emotional unstable and Percy has lower emotional
development because he does not know how to share his feeling and what he
wants. As a son, Percy needs complete parents to support for his study, his social
supports him. The effect of that makes Percy always move from one school from
to one another school. He becomes a troublesome kid in the school and does not
have many friends. The only friends he is Grover in the school and they become
best friends since a long time. Besides, his best friend, Grover is the only person
who can show his fate about who is he and who is his father.
b. Dealing with His Fates and His Father
Percy never feels the feeling having a father and spending his time with
father. That is why he has lost the father’s figure, even he has step father but he
cannot figure it out from him. At the first he never knows that he is a demigod.
When he is in the half blood camp, one of his friends there tells that Percy is a
half-blood (p.94).
“Don’t you get it, Percy? You are home. This is the only safe place on earth for kids like us… I mean not human. Not totally human, anyway, half human and half god.” (p.94)
At the first, he never believes that he is a demigod, who is a half human and a half
god. This is a proof that his real father is still alive. The truth that he is a demigod
has brought Percy something that he really hates. He really hates his father who
leaves him and his mother since he is a baby. His mother never tells Percy about
his father that makes Percy believes that his father is really bad that leaves his
mother and him also makes his mother stuck with his step father. When Percy has
a school trip to Metropolitan Museum of art to look at ancient Greek and Roman
stuff one of his teacher calls him to meet her after small accident that he never do.
Percy never realizes that he is in danger because it is just a trap on him, Mrs.
defeat the monster by the pen that Mr. Brunner give to him before (p. 13). His
mother notice about that and decide to send him to half-blood camp for someone
like him. The accident at the museum becomes the reason that Percy attends
half-blood camp for someone like him (p.40).
“I have tried to keep you as close to me as I could. My mom said they told me that was a mistake. But there’s only one other option, Percy- the place your father wanted to send you. And I just… I just can’t stand to do it.” (p.40)
After many accidents, Percy must go to half-blood camp during summer. He
finds the truth about him and his father. The fact that his father is still alive and he
has to head the big fate that change the world because of many things happen
during the half-blood camp. Percy is accuses of the lighting thief.
In half-blood camp Percy find his truth about his father. He is a special kid
because Percy is demigod but the biggest truth that his father is Poseidon, God of
the sea, and one of the big important gods and also Zeus’s second brother (p.127).
“The attack that scared ever body. It sent two messages: one, that I was the son of the sea god and two, monster would stop at nothing kill me. They could even invade a camp that had always been considered safe (p. 127).”
At that time Percy has a quest to find the lightening thief to make the world stable
because there is a war between Zeus and Poseidon. (p. 138).
“Imagine the world in chaos, nature at war with itself, Olympians forced to choose sides between Zeus and Poseidon. Destruction. Carnage. Million dead. Western civilization turned into a battleground so big it will make the Trojan War look like a water-balloon fight (p.138).”
Finally, Percy has to face his fate to find the lightening bold and starts his
journey with Grover and Annabeth. It is not an easy journey. In order to find the
and save his mother in underworld, he believes that his mother is still alive. He
have to meet Hades in the underworld because Hades suspects Percy as lightening
thief. It is becomes the first journey and dangerous for him during his life.
2. Percy Interpersonal Conflict through His Father
Most of children in this world want to spend their life with his father but
for those children whodo not have complete family cannot feel a warm from
father. This happened to Percy Jackson, at the first he never know his father and
he get bad experience with his step father. Percy does not believe in his father.
The only precious thing in his life is his mother and the hated thing is his father
who leave him since his mother is pregnant. When he knows the truth about his
father that he is a son of sea God. He has to accept that he is the son of Poseidon,
one of important Gods. The most unpredictable is the real identity of him that he
is a demigod, half human and half god. Percy has interpersonal conflict between
him and his father. According to Erikson (1964), he believes that each stage of
development focuses on overcoming a conflict.
a. Helping His Father
In the novel, he gets a quest to find the lightening thief and returns it by
the summer solstice. That is on June twenty-first, ten days from that time (p.137).
He is in conflict because Percy has to help his father to find the lightening thief
but his father had ignored him for twelve years and his father needed him (p.145).
angry. Poseidon had ignored me for twelve years. Now suddenly he needed me.”(p.145)
In this condition Percy has faced an intrapersonal conflict in dealing with
his father. According to Gaffar and Khan (2012), intrapersonal conflict arises
because of multifarious reasons within an individual. This conflict that happens
within an individual indicates the presence of different ideas, opposing feelings,
and activities. It causes stress, anxiety, uncertainty, hesitation, and depression.
Conflict between Percy and his father happens because his father has leaves him
since he is unborn. Percy really hated his father. That conflict gives bad effect of
his emotion development and his social development in primary school. It is a
proof that Percy does not have many friends in school and he is a trouble kid who
always moved from one school to another school, he is moved six time in six
years. Also his step father does not give any effect on him but makes it worst.
There are several ways to handle the conflict. Kasschau (2003) proposes four
types of intrapersonal conflict situation and resolution of based on its type. Those
four types are avoidance-avoidance, approach-approach, approach-avoidance, and
double approach-avoidance.
b. Accomplishing The Mission
Percy has accomplished his mission to find the lightening bold. He really
hates to do the mission because the mission comes from his father. How Percy can
do his quest if his father never meets him (p.145). It arises a conflict in him and
make him hates his father more. The more he thinks about his father the he more
hates him. Percy’s teacher in the camp asks for him to do quest for the sake of the
environment is unstable and there will be a storms, earth quakes and many bad
conditions will happen. Percy decides to find the lightening bold that is stolen by
someone to avoid the circumstances worst.
In this condition Percy has to deal with his conflict and helps his father
otherwise he does not want to help him because of his conflict with his father.
Percy avoids his feeling and anger. He wants to do the quest because of his
mother and the effect of the war if he cannot find the lightening bold. Dealing
with himself is not easy to him but he tries his best to overcome it and at the end
