Penerapan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Sistemik Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Mahasiswa Pada Kuliah Kimia Dasar I

(1)

* +, ," " & , , & " &!" & +, , + +, , +, -,"

. . , + " & / . , , & +, +, & ' .,+ & !

. .0 + " & / . ., ," & , +, , +, -," . . , ( , ,"

,. .,- +, ," ," . ," + , + & + +, , )

+, , ", . ( - , +, ," " & & . .0 , ,

" & / . ( 1- , +, ," " & +, & ' .,+ & . .0 ( , , + +, ,

+, -," . . , " , . . +, -, .( & . .0 , - ! . " . , , , , ( 2 . " +, ," , +, , + -, + ' + ,&, . & . .0 , . ' , + ' .,+ & . .0 + . " . .,-,. 34 5 . " . .,-,. 3 5 , . ' . " 6( ! "# $ ! % & % ' # ! " #$

% & & ' ( & $ ') "

! " #$ *') $ ' $ ' $ ' ( & ' $+, -$+, & . -" & / . , + " & . - & . .0 . , ! ( * " & " & & . .0 + , ,",. +, & ! + , ," . . ' +, ' . . . , . ! , , & !& . ,.,! - ( & +

" & " & & . .0 +

",- & & " , " &

" , + -, , , " ,& + .,& !& . ( ,- " & , " " & " & . .0 , +, " & / . ! & + + , & ' .,+ , .,) ' + ,&, . ( . , + +, & ' .,+ !

(2)

& . .0 -," , ) + .,) '+ "( 7, ! . +, .,- -,. & ! . .0 . & , " ,. " , & , , , +, " & ( 2 " , ! .,- , ,- - .,- & . .0 , " , " . , , + & ,8 " ! . & ( ," , , +, " ! & " + ., ,. , !., ,. , -, & . .0 ., " " + , / . ( 1",& , +, " , +! . , ' , + +, , +, -,! " + , ' ' & . .0 , & ' .,+ .,) ' + ,&, ! . , , - , + -, ' . , , . " & . ," " +, +, , +, -," . . ,! ( , , +, -," . . , ! " & . +, , , . ! . . ' .,+! ' .,+ ," " . . , , . , & - ' .,+ , .,- .,+, . +, ' .,+ 9 & '0. :66:;( ," " +, , ., ' .,+ , +, " & . . " . . " . .,& , , ! ' .,+ , ",- & ," .( , , . . , +", , . ,! , & . .0 , -. " -. , - , , ! , " & / . ( ,! < '' 9 "!7 .& ,& :644; +, , ! . . , + , & . " . + '.,. +, -," , , +, -," . . , , ' ' & . .0 -, + .,) ' + ,&, . ' . ( & ! . .0 , " . + '.,. +, -," ! -, 9 ;( 2 " .,- - & . .0 , " . + '.,. , , , !

+ , & - +, , & ," &

" , +, , & - ! -, .," +, " & ( & . .0 ' ' -, + .,) "'- " , ,! ' .,+! ' .,+ " / . + ," + - !- ,) " ' .,+ , .,- ( 1",& , & ! + ., ," & , +, " & , +, , +, -," . . , +,! & ' .,+ & . .0 , " & / . , ( ! + +, ," " & , ,!

& " &!" & +, , + +, ,

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

(3)

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

(4)

+ . & , & 34 5 9. ' . " 6;( & * & + , ", . " ," & , ,",- & + '.,. +, , + +, , +, -," . . , ( * & + ,! ", . " , ," - & ! . .0 , ," . . -. .,",. +, " & + ., ," & + '! .,. . . ( 2 . " , ", . + .,) . -,. + ," . .,--, # 4( & . .0 , -, ,.+' +'! . , & + +, , + +, , +, ! -," . . , ( , , , " & . ! . , . . , . . " . . ," + ,., . :( . . . & - ,"' +' , , , . . , +, - . 9 ' ' .' "; .,& -," , " & , + & . .0 , ," . , " ,"' +' 9 ; 3( & . .0 . & ., " . -, ! , '., +, + -, . . , ,"' +' " ( + ,., . , + & . .0 , ," . ' .,+ . & ", & 7, . & . " , ", . , . & -,-, + , , ,! - - +, , + +, , +, -," . . , -," '+ "( 1",& , + . " . -,-, + +, -& . " +, -," .,. , +, -," ( !" ! ! * & + +, , ) + . " . . , +, , ) + . " . , -,! -, + +, - ( , +, , ) + . " . ," + -,-, + & " # 4( , " & '+ ," +, ' ! . & . .0 ( :( , -, . .,) 8 " ., & . .0 -, + 3( , ," . , -, )' '&! )' '& , , ' .,+ ( , ," . ) , - . " . ,+ ( & . .0 , . ,. " , ! & , +, " & , , -, ,+ & . .0 " , !

",- & & " .,& (

!# ! & + & . .0 ,! " , +, -," ,! +, , . . , ( -,-, + +, ! -, & + , + . " . # 4( . " . '+ ,! ., + . " . , & . '+ :( , - . " . " ,! . . , . 8 "( 2 " -, ! . + " . , - ,! "' +' & . .0 . & + . 3( /'., ",- & , . " , ," . + , ' , . . & . .0 .,! & , , + , -. " -. -.,) ,+ ( !$ % ! * & + +, + . " . -,! " , +, ,! + -, ' + ,&, . & . .0 .,) . ( , , . & -," ! + , & - ' .,+ " !

& " , " & & . " . '

. & , & 3 5 -,"

, ) + , . -," @ A(

& . .0 . & , + - &0 +, -,!

" + & -, . +

' .,+ ,0 . '

(5)

& - , ' .,+ ' . . , , ' . ( & ?, ", . , + " , ," ! - & . .0 , .! . '., & . .0 ., +, ," -, .,- ' ( ( 7, ! . & . " , ", . , . - &! 0 + '.,. +, -," .,) . & -, " .,. , ,. +, -," ," & , ) ,. + -," , ) + & . " '+ "( 2 . " , ", . + . " . " # 4( * . -, .,) 8 " , ' ' ., & . .0 -, + ' + ,&, . :( , + , . '., + , , + & . .0 ! , - . " . 3( & . .0 , +, " & ,! +, , +, -," . . , ",! - & , - +, , ' 8, . ' "( , , , ",- & ,! & ' .,+ -, . -.! ,. + , - & 0 + ",- & , - ! . " .( B B - 4( / " . , -," , , +, , . . , -, , ! , + & . .0 -, +

' + ,&, . .,& & . .0 +

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

(6)

& ( ( ( '0. ( ( 9:66:;( . ,! ) ++ ' )& *' *, )& , F&, . # *F + $ " # 3 $ & $ '0. ( ( 9:665;( * , *&,! ' &, & . '"' ' , ( #"" & &5 $ , ,$ ' & ( 9:665;( $ 7 # * ?, ?'.