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Enterprise Architecture Planning Using TOGAF Framework Case Study Kelurahan Dampit
Delinda Dyta Puspitasari
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Narotama University, Indonesia
jeungdelin@gmail.com
Made Kamisutara
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Narotama University, Indonesia
made.kamisutara@narotama.ac
ABSTRACT
As an administrative area under the Sub-District, Kelurahan Dampit does not yet have an information system and information technology that supports its activities, such as technical administration for all activities inside Kelurahan Dampit, reporting, and monitoring of community activities, administration of correspondence, population registration, inventory of problems related to community services, manufacturing report on the implementation of duties and filing. Therefore, it is necessary to plan an enterprise architecture to increase the effectiveness of work in public services, reporting, monitoring, and managing the internal functions of the Kelurahan. This study discusses the planning of enterprise architecture in Kelurahan Dampit using the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) framework with the ADM (Architecture Development Method) method as a method used for guidance or tools to plan, design, develop and implement information system architecture. This enterprise architecture planning will produce a business architecture blueprint that describes business processes, an application architecture that describes application design and interactions with other related applications, a data architecture that describes data storage, management, and access, a technology architecture that describes the supporting hardware and software application infrastructure as well as the roadmap for implementing the application for Kelurahan Dampit.
Keywords
Architecture, Enterprise, TOGAF, Architecture Development Method
1. Introduction
The rapid development of data in Information Technology (IT) brings new challenges for companies and governments to operate more efficiently and cost-effectively to provide better, cheaper, and faster services to the public. With the existence of a structured and effective information system in the company's architecture, the information system can help the company become a successful and profitable organization (Lnenicka and Komarkova 2019). To manage and organize a structured and effective information system in a company requires proper construction and representation in the form of a planning design model (Dumitriu and Popescu 2020). For strategic planning to run well, a framework, namely TOGAF, is needed which provides detailed methods on how to build and manage and implement enterprise architectures and information systems. TOGAF was chosen because it has the advantage of being focused on the Architecture Development Method (ADM) implementation cycle, more detailed, complete, and open-source (Sofyana 2017). As a government organization, Kelurahan Dampit does not yet have an information system to support administrative activities, currently, Kelurahan Dampit still uses manual methods in carrying out administrative activities in internal administration and public administration. To create an appropriate information system for Kelurahan Dampit, information system planning is required. Based on these problems, the authors will do to help improve the effectiveness of work and community services in Kelurahan Dampit, by planning an information system architecture. Before the research, the researcher made observations by directly seeing the running activities, doing some interviews to find information related to public service activities and managing internal functions in the Kelurahan, and also doing some document studies to add data references needed in enterprise design.
67 2. Research Method
The research method used to complete the research has several stages which are described as follows:
2.1 Data Collection
2.2 Basic Concepts of Information Systems
A system consists of many components that interact and are related to form a single unit.
System components can be in the form of subsystems, where each sub-system has a task to carry out a function and influence the overall system process to achieve the goals of a system. Information is data that has been classified or processed for use in the decision-making process (Lipursari 2013).
An efficient information system is an information system that can convey information easily, accurately, quickly, and can be accessed by information system users from anywhere (Kusnendi 2011). Information technology will be useful if the system inside includes things that are physical and non-physical, for physical things is hardware and for non-physical things are software and brainware (Kadir and Triwahyuni 2014). Hardware and software are components needed to build an information technology infrastructure in an organization or company. To build an information system in an organization or company, information technology infrastructure can become a technology resource platform (Laudon and Laudon 2017).
2.3 Enterprise Architecture Concept
Enterprise architecture is a representation of a plan to develop an integrated system between management, business processes, and information technology. With the existence of enterprise architecture, information systems development planning can optimize organizational performance (Gladden 2017).
Enterprise architecture planning to achieve the mission of an organization is a blueprint that represents the current architecture and the architecture that will be developed next (Sulandari 2015).
2.4 TOGAF
TOGAF is a framework for planning corporate architectural development (The Open Group n.d.). In TOGAF there are four types of architecture in the entire enterprise architecture, namely:
Business Architecture to describe the organizational structure, business processes, actors involved in business processes and business activities, Data Architecture to describe the structure of data assets, and organizational management resources logically and physically, Application Architecture to provide the blueprint for the application system to be used, the interaction of the application system with users and the relationship between the application system and the organization's business processes and the Technology Architecture to support the deployment of business, data and application services.
2.5 TOGAF ADM
Is a method for developing and managing the company's architectural cycle and integrating business needs and information technology within the company. (The Open Group n.d.)
Figure 1. Management Frameworks to Co-ordinate with the TOGAF Framework (The Open Group n.d.)
Figure 1 illustrates the company architecture that applies the TOGAF framework will consider all aspects and will be impacted by the architecture in the entire organization, namely what business capabilities are needed so that the architecture to be developed can achieve organizational goals, how the organization can carry out operational activities including information technology in it, how organizations can manage architectural changes, as well as what architectural development method solutions are following the organizational structure.
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Figure 2. Management Frameworks to Co-ordinate with the TOGAF Framework (The Open Group n.d.)
In Figure 2, the ADM cycle is used to model the development of an enterprise architecture, which will be used for planning the development of an information system architecture in an organization that can be tailored to the needs of the company. The following are the TOGAF ADM steps for developing an architecture (The Open Group n.d.) :
a. Preliminary aims to determine the architectural capabilities the organization wants by identifying several aspects, namely the scope of the company, the company background, the main elements of the organization, the roles and positions of activity actors, organizational objectives, framework, planned completion date. This phase will produce a Principle Catalog.
b. Requirement Management is a process of processing architectural requirements in all TOGAF ADM phases which aims to determine what requirements are required for each phase of the TOGAF ADM. (The Open Group n.d.)Input in this phase is a scenario of activities that include business processes and problems with systems that are currently running in the organization.
(Sulandari 2015)The output that will be produced is in the form of a problem table, activity solution table, and information system solution table.
c. Phase A: Architecture Vision, to validate business principles, business objectives and drive business strategy in the organization, to produce architectural objectives that describe the response to their needs and boundaries which will be described using a value chain and stakeholder map matrix.
d. Phase B: Business Architecture, is used to show the value and flow of proposed activities according to the needs and roles of stakeholders in the organization which will be described using a rich picture and actor/role matrix.
e. Phase C: Information System Architecture, is used to develop an information system architecture in the form of data architecture and application architecture to describe how information systems can support business architecture. The data architecture will be described in the form of a class diagram and the application architecture will be described in the form of an Application and User Location Diagram and Use Case Diagram.
f. Phase D: Technology Architecture, is used to group and map application components that have been defined in the application architecture into a unified technology component (software, hardware, and network) into a technology platform that will be applied to the organization. The output produced in this phase is a Technology portfolio catalog, Platform Decomposition Diagram, communication engineering diagram.
g. Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions, is a phase for reviewing the target goals and capabilities of the organization's activities, identifying current organizational parameters for the ability to absorb change. The output of this phase is the Gap Analysis Matrix.
h. Phase F: Migration Planning, is the phase for creating a viable, continuous implementation and migration plan with a portfolio and activities that are following the business flow. The output of this phase is an Application Roadmap.
69 3. Result and Discussion
The following is the process of working on an enterprise architecture planning in Keluragan Dampit:
3.1 Data Collection
From the results of interviews, document studies and observations, it was found that the activities in Kelurahan Dampit are Pelayanan Perizinan, Pelayanan Umum, Pelayanan Pemerintahan, Pelayanan Keamanan dan Ketertiban, Pelayanan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, Kepegawaian, Inventaris, Keuangan, Monitoring dan Evaluasi Kegiatan, Publikasi dan Sosialisasi. In each of the sections that have been mentioned, there is no SI / IT strategic plan. Processing of information technology in Kelurahan Dampit is not optimal due to several devices that support automation of some services or work activities but are still done manually and this makes the process of monitoring and evaluating performance difficult and less organized. The network structure in Kelurahan Dampit uses simple LAN and WLAN which are not yet integrated with all Kelurahan locations.
3.2 Preliminary Phase
The following is the principle catalog that describes the principles used for architectural planning in Kelurahan Dampit:
Table 1. Principle Catalog
No Principle Task
1 Architecture is made following the objectives, activities, and main tasks of Kelurahan Dampit
• Supporting the implementation of activities in Kelurahan Dampit.
• Optimizing the alignment between activity requirements and
infrastructure.
2 Architecture should be easily used by the user (user friendly)
• Accelerate and improve the effectiveness of performance in every activity in Kelurahan Dampit.
3 Architecture must be safe • Protect data from access by unauthorized parties.
• Able to survive virus attacks, hacks, worms
• Reducing or minimizing the impact in the event of a disaster.
4 Technology application and data access must comply with standards
• Using a personal computer or laptop and LAN and Wifi networks for connections between sections in Kelurahan Dampit
5 Using standard-compliant software, hardware, and platforms
• Easier maintenance of software, hardware, and platforms.
6 Maintain data consistency • Easier data management and accountability
3.3 Requirement Managements
After observing and analyzing all activities in Kelurahan Dampit, problems were found to support the process of information systems and information technology, as will be explained in the following table:
Table 2. Information System Solutions
No Problem Information System
Solutions 1 • Preparation a letter for
recommendation or ratification
• Data processing of recommendation letters or ratification in the Pelayanan Perizinan.
• Data security for letters of recommendation or ratification in Pelayanan Perizinan
Create Pelayanan Perizinan Module in the Kelurahan Dampit information system for processing data on letters recommendation or approval in Pelayanan Perizinan.
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2 • Preparation of a letter ofrecommendation or ratification
• Data processing of recommendation letters or validation in Pelayanan Umum
• Data security for letters of recommendation or ratification in Pelayanan Umum
Create Pelayanan Umum Module in the Kelurahan Dampit information system for processing data on letters of recommendation or approval in Pelayanan Umum.
3 • Preparation of a letter of recommendation or ratification
• Data processing of recommendation letters or validation in Pelayanan Pemerintahan
• Data security for letters of recommendation or ratification in Pelayanan Pemerintahan.
Create Pelayanan
Pemerintahan Module in the
Kelurahan Dampit
information system for processing data on letters of recommendation or approval in Pelayanan Pemerintahan.
4 • Preparation of a letter of recommendation or ratification
• Data processing of recommendation letters or validation in the Keamanan dan Ketertiban.
• Data security for letters of recommendation or ratification in the Pelayanan Keamanan dan Ketertiban.
Create Pelayanan
Keamanan dan Ketertiban Module in the Kelurahan Dampit information system for processing data on letters recommendation or approval in Pelayanan Keamanan dan Ketertiban.
5 • Preparation of a letter of recommendation or ratification
• Data processing of recommendation letters or validation in the Pelayanan Sosial Kemasyarakatan.
• Data security for letters of recommendation or ratification in Pelayanan Sosial
Kemasyarakatan department
Create Pelayanan Sosial Kemasyarakatan Module in the Kelurahan Dampit information system for processing data on letters recommendation or approval in Pelayanan Sosial Kemasyarakatan.
6 • Employee data processing
• Employee payroll
• Reporting
Create Kepegawaian module in the Kelurahan Dampit information system for employee data processing, employee payroll, and report generation.
7 • Inventory data processing
• Reporting
Create Inventaris module in the Kelurahan Dampit information system for inventory data processing and report generation.
8 • Financial records
• Report generation
Create the Financial module in the Kelurahan Dampit information system for financial data processing and report generation.
9 • Collection of monitoring and evaluation data
• Reporting
Create Monitoring and Evaluasi module on the Kelurahan Dampit information system for monitoring and
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evaluation processing to facilitate report generation.
10 Management of website content Create a Website Content module on the Kelurahan Dampit information system to facilitate the processing of website content regarding the Kelurahan Dampit profile, information on community service activities notification, and activity documentation.
3.4 Phase A: Architecture Vision
Value Chain Analysis is used to map existing activities in Kelurahan Dampit. The main activities and supporting activities are depicted in the following figure:
Figure 3. Kelurahan Dampit Value Chain
3.5 Phase B: Business Architecture
A. Mapping of Business Services, Business Processes, Business Functions in Kelurahan Dampit Kelurahan Dampit is a non-profit government institution, what is discussed in business architecture is the activity or activities carried out in Kelurahan Dampit. Business services will be described as the highest level in this mapping, then each business service will have a business process. The following is a tree diagram to map the combination of business services, business processes, and business functions in Kelurahan Dampit. The following illustrates a mapping of business services, business processes, and business functions in the form of a tree diagram to simplify planning.
Figure 4. Tree Diagram of Business Services Mapping, Business Processes, and Business Function
B. Design Business Architecture
So that users can easily understand the design of business architecture, the business architecture design will be described in the form of a rich picture for each activity in Kelurahan Dampit as follows:
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Figure 5. Business Architecture Design for Pelayanan Perizinan Activities
Figure 5 illustrates the business architecture design of the Pelayanan Perizinan in Kelurahan Dampit.
This architectural design will involve four stakeholders, namely the Applicant, the Operator, the Sekksi Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, and Lurah. This design changes the Pelayanan Perizinan system which is currently still manualized to be a computerized system through the Pelayanan Perizinan which can be accessed through a website-based application.
3.6 Phase C: Information System
a. Application ArchitectureFigure 6. Application and user Location Diagram
Figure 6 illustrates the application user diagram in Kelurahan Dampit, there are eleven applications at eight user locations that use the application. The existing applications are Pelayanan Perizinan, Monitoring dan Evaluasi, Pelayanan Kamanan dan Ketertiban, Pelayanan Umum, Pelayanan Pemerintahan, Publikasi dan Sosialisasi, Kepegawaian, Inventaris, Keuangan, Pelayanan Sosial Kemasyarakatan. Whereas the user location is the Seksi Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, Lurah, Seksi Keamanan dan Ketertiban, Seksi Pemerintahan, Operator, Sekertaris, Bendahara, Seksi Sosial Kemasyarakatan. All applications and users at each location will be integrated as shown in the red line.
Pelayanan Perizinan, Monitoring dan Evaluasi, Pelayanan Kamanan dan Ketertiban, Pelayanan Umum, Pelayanan Pemerintahan, Publikasi dan Sosialisasi, Kepegawaian, Inventaris, Keuangan, Pelayanan Sosial Kemasyarakatan akan terintegrasi dengan Website Kelurahan Dampit.
b. Data Architecture
In designing the architecture in Kelurahan Dampit, the data architecture will be described in the form of class diagrams to describe the conceptual model of data in the form of entities, attributes to relations.
The following is the class diagram design for Kelurahan Dampit:
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Figure 7. Pelayanan Perizinan Data Architectrure
3.7 Phase D: Technology Architecture
In Kelurahan Dampit, an Integrated Kelurahan Management information system will be created, so the network infrastructure must be made so that it can support the information system according to the needs. The following is the proposed network infrastructure that will be implemented in Kelurahan Dampit:
Figure 8. Suggested Network Infrastructure
3.8 Phase E: Opportunities and Solution
In this phase, namely opportunities and solutions, a gap analysis will be carried out which will describe the current system conditions in Kelurahan Dampit regarding the business architecture, information system architecture, and proposed technology architecture that has been made in the previous phase.
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Figure 9. GAP Analysis of Pelayanan Perizinan Business Architecture
3.7 Phase F: Migration Planning
This stage aims to plan the process of implementing the new system to be implemented in Kelurahan Dampit, the following is the order of implementation of the information system in Kelurahan Dampit according to the priority scale of the needs of the Kelurahan Dampit :
Figure 10. Application Implementation Roadmap
4. Conclusion
The following can be concluded from the research results:
a. Application and technology architecture planning using TOGAF produces information in the form of blueprints, namely business architecture, application architecture, technology architecture, and data architecture to align activity strategies and strategies as a reference to create information systems or information technology in Kelurahan Dampit.
b. In this architecture planning, network architecture was designed so the use of technology can be maximized, especially in data management.
c. The enterprise architecture planning that has been made in Kelurahan Dampit can be implemented when creating information systems
5. References
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Kusnendi. 2011. Konsep Dasar Sistem Informasi. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka.
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Laudon, Kenneth, and Jane Laudon. 2017. Management Information System: Managing the Digital Firm. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
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