15 0 Stakeholders, social, cultural, ph ... 292KB Mar 29 2010 05:00:32 AM

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Content:

•15.1 Stakeholders_{15.1 Stakeholders}

•15.2 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects_{15.2 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects}

•15.3 Social/Cultural/Community aspects 15.3 Social/Cultural/Community aspects

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15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects

Stakeholders -

people and organizations with a ‘stake’ ….. ‘stake’

(

= interest)

Stakeholders in the waste area

- people and organizations with a

‘stake’ (interest) in good waste management … ‘stake’ may relate to

employment, clean neighborhood, business, shares, specific waste

materials, …..

Stakeholders may include

(waste, waste recycling, truck repair

shops, etc.) enterprises, organizations, households, individuals, city

majors, …..

15.1 Stakeholders

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Questions in developing countries in handling of

municipal solid and wastes need concerted effort from all

sectors of society.

MSW management is the responsibility of every

resident. An all inclusive approach should be adopted in

order to achieve any meaningful and lasting solution.

Development of an integrated plan requires coordination

of public and private entities with expertise in

management, MSWM technical matters, public

health, environmental protection, public finance,

urban infrastructure, and social issues

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15 –

15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects

•

Public

•

Municipalities

•

City planners

•

NGOs

•

Social workers

•

Teachers/academia

•

Senior citizens

15.1 Stakeholders

•

Unemployed youth

•

Children/students

•

Vendors/shop owners

•

Hospitals

•

Politicians

•

Corporations

Stakeholder

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Public body

• Municipality responsible for all aspects of waste managementMunicipality responsible for all aspects of waste management

Private body

• Commercial company responsible for all elements of waste management _{Commercial company responsible for all elements of waste management}

(contractual party to the municipality

Public–private partnership (PPP):

• Public and private sector agencies share responsibilityPublic and private sector agencies share responsibility

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15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

Motives:

•social concerns for waste pickers, social concerns for waste pickers,

•introducing new recycling technology (e.g. composting), _{introducing new recycling technology (e.g. composting),}

•extending micro-credit, _{extending micro-credit,}

•concern for the poor environment in which their beneficiaries live, _{concern for the poor environment in which their beneficiaries live,}

•or because they are contracted by other agencies to implement a project. or because they are contracted by other agencies to implement a project.

Driven mainly by the need to achieve their goal, and not to make profit.

Scope of work:

Scope of work: may include primary collection, rehabilitation of waste may include primary collection, rehabilitation of waste pickers, building awareness in the communities, dissemination of

pickers, building awareness in the communities, dissemination of

information, research and the introduction of new technology.

NGOs traditionally work closely with communities and there is usually good

co-operation from the community members.

15.1 Stakeholders

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The informal sector The informal sector

Small-scale, labour-intensive, largely unregulated and unregistered,

low-technology manufacturing or provision of services.

technology manufacturing or provision of services.

Typically they:

•do not pay taxes, do not pay taxes,

•have no trading license _{have no trading license}

•are not included in social welfare or government insurance schemes. _{are not included in social welfare or government insurance schemes.}

The

The informal recycling sectorinformal recycling sector refers to the waste recycling activities of refers to the waste recycling activities of scavengers and waste pickers. These terms are used to describe those

scavengers and waste pickers. These terms are used to describe those

involved in the extraction of recyclable and reusable materials from mixed

waste.

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15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects

Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects - 1 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects - 1

Health and safety risks associated with SWM, for example (informal)

recycling include:

1.

1. occupational health risks posed to scavenger/waste pickers and occupational health risks posed to scavenger/waste pickers and

2.

2. community health risks posed to the related community or general community health risks posed to the related community or general public.

public.

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Risk factors Risk factors

• Composition of waste_{Composition of waste}

• Nature of organic decomposing wasteNature of organic decomposing waste

• Handling of waste_{Handling of waste}

• Processing of waste_{Processing of waste}

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15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects

Health effects in informal recycling (reported in study): Health effects in informal recycling (reported in study):

•

• Waste pickers in a worse state of malnutrition than control groupWaste pickers in a worse state of malnutrition than control group

•

• Many waste pickers suffered chronic backache and complained of weakness. Many waste pickers suffered chronic backache and complained of weakness. Coughs were a chronic problem

Coughs were a chronic problem

•

• Many suffered from injuries like cuts and needle stick injuriesMany suffered from injuries like cuts and needle stick injuries

•

• Eye infections and other eye problems Eye infections and other eye problems

•

• Few night-shift labourers complained of suffering from severe hallucinations Few night-shift labourers complained of suffering from severe hallucinations

•

• Many of the waste pickers suffered from intestinal protozoa and helminthesMany of the waste pickers suffered from intestinal protozoa and helminthes

•

• The dumps were infested with stray dogs and rats. Bites from dogs and ratsThe dumps were infested with stray dogs and rats. Bites from dogs and rats

•

• Diarrhoea was extremely common among all waste pickersDiarrhoea was extremely common among all waste pickers

•

• waste pickers complained of having attacks of jaundice in the last yearwaste pickers complained of having attacks of jaundice in the last year

•

• Many waste pickers suffered from skin diseasesMany waste pickers suffered from skin diseases

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Social/Cultural/Community aspects - 1 Social/Cultural/Community aspects - 1

Community participation is a crucial element in solid waste management.

Informal waste recycling is often carried out by poor and marginalized social

groups who resort to scavenging/ waste picking for income generation

and some even for everyday survival.

The attitude of the formal waste management sector to informal recycling is

often very negative, regarding it as backward, unhygienic and generally

incompatible with a modern waste management system.

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15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects

Social/Cultural/Community aspects -2 Social/Cultural/Community aspects -2

Community participation is a crucial element in solid waste management.

Informal waste recycling is often carried out by poor and marginalized social

groups who resort to scavenging/ waste picking for income generation

and some even for everyday survival.

The attitude of the formal waste management sector to informal recycling is

often very negative, regarding it as backward, unhygienic and generally

incompatible with a modern waste management system.

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Scavengers and gender issues Scavengers and gender issues

• Scavengers (hand or waste pickers) – vulnerable, marginalized group _{Scavengers (hand or waste pickers) – vulnerable, marginalized group}

comprised mostly of women and children

• occupational health risks high because of manual handling, lack of _{occupational health risks high because of manual handling, lack of}

protective clothing/equipment

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15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects

Scavengers and gender issues - 2 Scavengers and gender issues - 2 Gender Issues:

Gender Issues: differences between men and women differences between men and women

Men and women - different roles, gender differences shaped by ideological,

historical, religious, ethnic, economic and cultural determinants

Women

• several roles in the household – running the household, earning income several roles in the household – running the household, earning income waste handling is an important source of income for poorer women,

waste handling is an important source of income for poorer women,

family care

• mainly engaged in activities requiring less education, less skills, less mainly engaged in activities requiring less education, less skills, less physical mobility

physical mobility

• earn less than men, are more vulnerable to exploitation _{earn less than men, are more vulnerable to exploitation}

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Scavengers and gender issues - 3 Scavengers and gender issues - 3

Micro-enterprises in the waste sector - more often initiated, operated,

managed by men

Forces affecting position of women:

-- competition, inequality;competition, inequality;

-- no vote in consultation/decision making process;no vote in consultation/decision making process;

-- no access to capital;no access to capital;

-- no access to information/training;no access to information/training;