How to Achieve MDGs
in 2015?
(within Limitation of Climate Change)
(within Limitation of Climate Change)
by: Erna
by: Erna WitoelarWitoelar
UN Special Ambassador for in Asia and the Pacific 2003
2 2
The Millennium Development
The Millennium Development
Goals (
Goals (
MDGs
MDGs
)
)
are
are
Achievable
Achievable
Nicknamed Nicknamed ““Minimum Development GoalsMinimum Development Goals””, many , many countries need to extend their targets
countries need to extend their targets ÆÆ ““MDG MDG Plus
Plus””, , ““Beyond Beyond MDGsMDGs””, etc., etc.
MDG targets are lowest common global MDG targets are lowest common global
denominator, but achieving it by 2015 will ensure
denominator, but achieving it by 2015 will ensure
total eradication of poverty by 2020
total eradication of poverty by 2020 ((J.SachsJ.Sachs))
Disasters, war & conflicts, energy & food crisis Disasters, war & conflicts, energy & food crisis ÆÆ all are threatening the achievements of
all are threatening the achievements of MDGsMDGs with with creation of new pockets of poverty & hunger, more
creation of new pockets of poverty & hunger, more
refugees, school drop
refugees, school drop--outs, children mortality, etc. outs, children mortality, etc.
Global Warming & Climate Change: even more Global Warming & Climate Change: even more threatening to the achievements of
Climate Change and the
Climate Change and the
MDGs
MDGs
In the year 2000, Climate Change concerns was In the year 2000, Climate Change concerns was included as a Goal 7 target of the
included as a Goal 7 target of the MDGsMDGs, yet , yet without a clear and time bound measurable
without a clear and time bound measurable
target / indicator. Many are still unaware of this.
target / indicator. Many are still unaware of this.
Climate change presents significant threats to Climate change presents significant threats to achievements of
achievements of allall the the MDGsMDGs; it also threatens ; it also threatens to set back countries
to set back countries’’ efforts to improve lives of efforts to improve lives of their citizens and to meet the
their citizens and to meet the MDGsMDGs..
Both need simultaneous combating, because an Both need simultaneous combating, because an effective attack on poverty and the ill
effective attack on poverty and the ill--effects of effects of climate change requires taking comprehensive
climate change requires taking comprehensive
action that encompasses both issues.
Climate Change and
Climate Change and
MDGs
MDGs
…… continuedcontinued
We canWe can’’t fight climate change without considering t fight climate change without considering the still rising energy needs of the poor
the still rising energy needs of the poor……..
…
…. nor can we effectively address global poverty . nor can we effectively address global poverty
without accounting for impacts of climate change on
without accounting for impacts of climate change on
agriculture, disease patterns, and violent weather
agriculture, disease patterns, and violent weather
events, all of which particularly impact the poor.
events, all of which particularly impact the poor.
The strength of The strength of MDGsMDGs lies in their interconnectedlies in their interconnected- -ness and ability to address all root causes of
ness and ability to address all root causes of
poverty & inequality
poverty & inequality……..
.... if people were guaranteed access to healthcare,
.... if people were guaranteed access to healthcare,
education and equality then the world would gain a
education and equality then the world would gain a
billion stronger, more educated & able citizens who
billion stronger, more educated & able citizens who
can constructively contribute to addressing climate
can constructively contribute to addressing climate
change mitigation and adaptation.
Climate Change: a Global Equity Issue
Climate Change: a Global Equity Issue
Climate Change is often recognized as a global Climate Change is often recognized as a global equity issue: it's the world
equity issue: it's the world’’s poorest of the poor s poorest of the poor
who contributed least to the atmospheric buildup of
who contributed least to the atmospheric buildup of
greenhouse gases, which are being hardest hit.
greenhouse gases, which are being hardest hit.
These are also countries & sections of populations These are also countries & sections of populations who are the least equipped to deal with the harm
who are the least equipped to deal with the harm
they do face; both for lack of economic resources
they do face; both for lack of economic resources
and as a result of being geographically located in
and as a result of being geographically located in
higher vulnerability areas.
higher vulnerability areas.
Wealthier nations and populations Wealthier nations and populations -- which have which have contributed the most to the atmospheric changes
contributed the most to the atmospheric changes
linked to global warming
linked to global warming -- are experiencing fewer are experiencing fewer effects and are also better able to withstand them.
6 6
Mapping the
Mapping the
MDGs
MDGs
to Climate Risk
to Climate Risk
Goal 1:
Eradicate extreme
hunger and poverty
Changes in natural systems and infrastructure will:
• Reduce the livelihood assets of poor people
• Alter the path and rate of national economic growth
• Undermine regional food security
Goal 2: Goal 2:
Achieve
Achieve
universal
universal
primary
primary
education
education
Climate change could lead to a reduction in the ability
Climate change could lead to a reduction in the ability
of children to participate in full
of children to participate in full--time education by time education by causing:
causing: •
• Destruction of infrastructure (such as schools) Destruction of infrastructure (such as schools)
•
• Loss of livelihood assets (increasing the need for Loss of livelihood assets (increasing the need for children to engage in income
children to engage in income-earning activities)-earning activities)
•
• The displacement and migration of families The displacement and migration of families
(From the UN Millennium Campaign brochure “Climate Change and the MDGs”, Dec. 2007)
CLIMATE RISK
CLIMATE RISK
MDGs
7 7
Mapping
Mapping
MDGs
MDGs
to Climate Risk
to Climate Risk
…cont…cont..Goal 3:
Promote
gender equality
Depletion of natural resources, decreased availability of potable water, reduced agricultural productivity and increased climate-related disasters could:
• Place additional burdens on women's health
• Increase women’s workload
• Limit women's time to participate in decision-making and income-generating activities
• Reduce the livelihood assets of women
Goals 4, 5, and 6: Goals 4, 5, and 6:
Reduce child Reduce child mortality, mortality, improve improve maternal health maternal health and combat and combat HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS, malaria and malaria and other diseases other diseases
Increased child mortality, reduced maternal health and
Increased child mortality, reduced maternal health and
the undermining of the nutritional health needed by
the undermining of the nutritional health needed by
individuals to combat HIV/AIDS are expected to occur
individuals to combat HIV/AIDS are expected to occur
as a result of climate change
as a result of climate change--induced: induced:
•
• Extreme weather events Extreme weather events
•
• Increase in prevalence of certain vector-Increase in prevalence of certain vector-borne and borne and water
water--borne diseases borne diseases
•
• HeatHeat--related mortality related mortality
•
• Declining food security Declining food security
•
8 8
Mapping
Mapping
MDGs
MDGs
to Climate Risk
to Climate Risk
……contcont..Goal 7:
Ensure
environmental sustainability
Climate change will have a direct impact on environ-mental sustainability because it:
• Causes fundamental alterations in ecosystem relationships
• Changes the quality & quantity of natural resources
• Reduces ecosystem productivity
Goal 8: Goal 8: Develop a Develop a global partner global partner ship for ship for development development
Climate change could lead to conflicts over diminishing
Climate change could lead to conflicts over diminishing
natural resources, directly undermining the prospects of
natural resources, directly undermining the prospects of
global cooperation & partnership. Climate change could
global cooperation & partnership. Climate change could
also affect international trade & global financial system:
also affect international trade & global financial system: •
• increased frequency and severity of severe weather increased frequency and severity of severe weather events;
events;
•
• loss of agricultural productivity in some regions; andloss of agricultural productivity in some regions; and
•
• loss of natural resources.loss of natural resources.
Climate change limits the capacity of poor countries to
Climate change limits the capacity of poor countries to
produce / trade primary agricultural products in the world
produce / trade primary agricultural products in the world
market. Furthermore, increased mitigation & adaptation
market. Furthermore, increased mitigation & adaptation
costs will expand debt burden of poor countries.
Environmental Sustainability:
the root of achieving most MDGs.
7. Ensure
environmental sustainability
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal
primary education 3. Promote gender
equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS,
malaria, other diseases 8. Develop a global
partnership for development
The
The MDGsMDGs are interare inter--related:related:
working towards achieving environmental sustainability
working towards achieving environmental sustainability
will make us closer to achievements of other Goals
G
G
-
-
7:
7:
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
All Targets are also very interrelated
All Targets are also very interrelated
Target 9: Integrate principles of
sustainable development into country policies & programs, and reverse the loss of environmental resources. *)
Target 10: Halve by 2015, the proportion of people
without sustain-able access to safe drinking water &
sanitation **)
Target 11: Have achieved by 2020, a significant improve-ment in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers **)
*) Reduced CO2 emission & increased forest coverage are *) Reduced CO2 emission & increased forest coverage are
among Target 9 indicators
among Target 9 indicators ÆÆ climate change climate change mitigationmitigation
**) Water quantity/quality & urban slum are severely impacted **) Water quantity/quality & urban slum are severely impacted
by climate change
How to Achieve
How to Achieve
MDGs
MDGs
in 2015?
in 2015?
¾
¾ Holistic approach Holistic approach at all levels of governance, at all levels of governance, from local to national to global. Interventions
from local to national to global. Interventions
should no be directed only to sectors relevant to
should no be directed only to sectors relevant to
the Goals, equally important are local infrastructure
the Goals, equally important are local infrastructure
investments, and legal empowerment of the poor.
investments, and legal empowerment of the poor.
¾
¾ Build synergiesBuild synergies:: when a single intervention can when a single intervention can achieve advances in multiple goals across sectors,
achieve advances in multiple goals across sectors,
it
it’’s much more costs much more cost--effective and will catalyze effective and will catalyze achievements of these goals.
achievements of these goals. More synergy More synergy
needed to upscale pilot projects & good practices
needed to upscale pilot projects & good practices
to reach more regions, especially remote areas.
to reach more regions, especially remote areas.
¾
¾ MultiMulti--stakeholder approachstakeholder approach:: none of the Goals none of the Goals are achieved by governments alone, private sector
are achieved by governments alone, private sector
& civil society have been engaged in all of them for
& civil society have been engaged in all of them for
a long time & should continue to be so.
How to Achieve
How to Achieve
MDGs
MDGs
in 2015 within
in 2015
Limitations of Climate Change?
Financing for climate change adaptation can be Financing for climate change adaptation can be integrated into existing & increased commitments
integrated into existing & increased commitments
to finance & develop capacities to meet the
to finance & develop capacities to meet the MDGsMDGs
In financing for climate change adaptation it is also In financing for climate change adaptation it is also very important to take a holistic approach, include
very important to take a holistic approach, include
efforts to achieve
efforts to achieve MDGsMDGs; like enable schools and ; like enable schools and clinics to continue to function in a sustainable way.
clinics to continue to function in a sustainable way.
Aid Effectiveness & Donor Harmonization need to Aid Effectiveness & Donor Harmonization need to be practiced at all levels in all efforts. There is a
be practiced at all levels in all efforts. There is a
need to jointly scale up and harmonize efforts,
need to jointly scale up and harmonize efforts,
knowledge & financial assistance to enable
knowledge & financial assistance to enable allall least developed regions to achieve their
Conclusion
Climate Change mitigation and adaptation
Climate Change mitigation and adaptation
are not just about technology and
are not just about technology and
infrastructure; it
infrastructure; it
’
’
s about people
s about people
’
’
s resilience
s resilience
and increased capacity to help themselves,
and increased capacity to help themselves,
it
it
’
’
s about the achievements of the
s about the achievements of the
MDGs
MDGs
.
.
It
It
’
’
s also about building partnerships for
s also about building partnerships for
everybody
everybody
’
’
s informed participation in
s informed participation in
climate change mitigation and adaptation
climate change mitigation and adaptation
together with efforts to achieve other
together with efforts to achieve other
Thank You
Thank You
*
