Teknik Memulai Usaha Ternak Sapi

(1)

TEKNIK MEMULAI USAHA

“TERNAK SAPI”

DISUSUN OLEH :

DEDE NOVRIANDA PUTRA

EKONOMI MANAJEMEN

SEMESTER IV

DOSEN :

ALI HASAN HASIBUAN, SE, MM

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU EKONOMI

LABUHAN BATU

2017

(2)

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji !u"u# $%#i&%' "i(% )%*j%("%* "+'%i#%( A&&%' S-T !%*. $%*% (+&%' $+$/+#i"%* "+*i"$%(%* %* "++'%(%* +'i*..% "%$i %)%( $+*!+&+%i"%* $%"%&%' i*i S'&%%( +#(% %&%$ +*%*(i%% (+#3u#%'"%* "+)%% /%.i*% "i(% N%/i B+%# Mu'%$$% SA- !%*. (+&%' $+$/%% "i(% %#i %&%$ "+.+&%)%* "+ %&%$ (+#%*. /+*+#%*. !%*. )+*u' +*.%* "+#%'$%(%*

D%&%$ )+*!uu*%* $%"%&%' i*i (i%" (+#&+)% %#i /%*(u%* )i'%" !%*. $+*#*. %* $+$(i4%i u)%!% $%"%&%' i*i &+/i' +5ii+* %* &+/i' /%i" S%!% $+*.u3%)"%* (+#i$%"%i' "+)%% B%)%" A&i H%%* H%i/u%*, SE, MM +/%.%i +* $%(% "u&i%' M%"%&%' i*i /+#ii"%* (+*(%*. 6%#%6%#% M+$u&%i U%'%, H%$/%(%* M+$u&%i U%'%, %* S(#%(+.i M+$u&%i U%'% T+#*%" S%)i

P+*!uu* +*.%* )+*u' "+%%#%* i#i /%'% %&%$ )+*!uu*%* $%"%&%' i*i $%i' /%*!%" "+"u#%*.%* %* "+%&%'%*, '%& i*i (+#j%i "%#+*% +*.%* "+$%$)u%* %*

"+%*."%&%* i&$u !%*. )+*u&i $i&i"i D%&%$ "++$)%(%* i*i )+*!uu* $+*.u3%)"%* (+#i$% "%i' "+)%% (+$%*(+$%* %* )i'%" !%*. (u#u( $+$/%*(u (+#+&+%i*!% $%"%&%' i*i D%* "%$i $'* %(% "#i(i" %* %#%**!% %.%# "%$i %)%( $+$)+#/%i"i $%"%&%' i*i T+#i$% "%i'

(3)

DAFTAR ISI 64+# 88888888888888888888888888888 i K%(% )+*.%*(%# 88888888888888888888888888 ii D%5(%# ii 88888888888888888888888888888 iii Bab 1 Pendahuluan 11L%(%# /+&%"%*. 8888888888888888888888 1 12Ru$u%* $%%&%' 8888888888888888888888 1 19Tuju%* 88888888888888888888888888 1 Bab 2 Pembahasan

21P+*.+#(i%* -i#%u%'% %* K+i#%u%'%%* 2 226%#%6%#% M+$u&%i U%'% 2 29H%$/%(%* M+$u&%i U%'% 2 2;S(#%(+.i M+$u&%i U%'% 7

Bab 3 Penutup

91K+i$)u&%* 8888888888888888888888<

(4)

BAB 1

PENDA!"#"AN

1$1$ #atar Belaan%

Du*i% )+*ii"%* %* u*i% /i*i $+#u)%"%* u% u*i% !%*. +)i*(% %*.%( /+#/+% (%)i )%% %%#*!% %&i*. (+#"%i( %* %&i*. /+#.%*(u*. %(u %$% &%i**!% O&+' "%#+*% i(u $%"% ++#%*. %#i u*i% )+*ii"%*)u* )+#&u $+$)+&%j%#i /%.%i$%*% 3%#% $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'% S+&%i* i(u ju.% +/u%' i#%u%'% /i% %*.%( $+*u*j%*. "+$%*i#i%* u%(u i(+$ )+*ii"%* %#i ii +"*$i ju.% /i% $+*i*."%("%* (%#%5 'iu) #%*.#%*. !%*. /+#.+&u( i u*i% )+*ii"%* %* +$u% )i'%" !%*. (+#"%i(

K+i#%u%'%%* %%&%' "+$%$)u%* "#+%(i5 %* i*4%(i5 !%*. ij%i"%* %%#, "i%(, %* u$/+# %!% u*(u" $+*3%#i )+&u%*. $+*uju u"+ S+u%(u !%*. /%#u %* /+#/+% %%&%' *i&%i (%$/%' /%#%*. %* j%% !%*. $+*j%i u$/+# "+u%*..u&%* u*(u" ij%i"%* )+&u%*. J%i, "+i#%u%'%%* $+#u)%"%* u%(u "+$%$)u%* %&%$ $+*3i)(%"%* *i&%i (%$/%' i )%%# $+&%&ui )#+ )+*.+&&%%* u$/+# %!% +*.%* 3%#%3%#% /%#u %* /+#/+%

P+&u%*. u*(u" $+$u&%i u%(u u%'% +/+*%#*!% %% i +"+&i&i*. "i(%, '%*!% %j% %% i*i4iu !%*. 'i% $+&i'%(*!% +/%.%i +/u%' )+&u%*. u*(u" $+$u&%i u%(u u%'% %* %% ju.% !%*. (i%" /i% $+&i'%(*!% H%& i*i i+/%/"%* &+' /%*!%" 5%"(#, i%*(%#%*!% 5%"(#

i*5#$%i !%*. i$i&i"i O&+' "%#+*% i(u, )%% $%"%&%' i*i ij+&%"%* (+*(%*. 3%#%3%#% $+$u&%i u%'%, '%$/%(%* %&%$ $+$u&%i u%'%, %* (#%(+.i $+$u&%i u%(u u%'%

1$2$ Rumusan &asalah

1 B%.%i$%*%"%' 3%#%3%#% $+$u&%i u%(u u%'% )%% u$u$*!%> 2 A)%"%' '%$/%(%* !%*. $u*3u& %&%$ $+$u&%i u%(u u%'%> 9 B%.%i$%*%"%' (#%(+.i %&%$ $+$u&%i u%'% (+#*%" %)i>

1$3$Tu'uan

1 U*(u" $+*.+(%'ui 3%#%3%#% $+$u&%i u%(u u%'% )%% u$u$*!%

2 U*(u" $+*.+(%'ui %)% %j% '%$/%(%* !%*. $u*3u& %&%$ $+$u&%i u%(u u%'% 9 U*(u" $+*.+(%'ui /%.%i$%*% (#%(+.i %&%$ $+$u&%i u%'% (+#*%" %)i

(5)

BAB 2 PE&BA!ASAN

A$ (ara)(ara &emula* "saha

D%#i )+*.+#(i%* i#%u%'% "i(% $+*.+(%'ui /%'% i#%u%'% i(u %%&%' #%*. !%*. $+*j%&%*"%* u%(u u%'% +*.%* /+#/%.%i #+i"*!% L%&u /%.%i$%*% 3%#% $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'% > B+#i"u( %"%* iu#%i"%* /+/+#%)% (%'%)%* u*(u" $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'%, i%*(%#%*!% %%&%' +/%.%i /+#i"u( :

1 M+*+*(u"%* )#u"

U*(u" $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'% $%"% "i(% '%#u $+*+*(u"%* )#u" %)% !%*. %"%* $+*j%i u%'% "i(% D%&%$ $+*+(u"%* )#u" "i(% %)%( $+&i'%( /+#%%#"%* (i.% '%&, !%i(u :

%? M+*+(u"%* )#u" /+#%%#"%* "+%'&i%* "i(%, "i(% /i% $+&i'%( %)% !%*. /i% "i(% /u%(, %)%"%' "i(% %'&i $+$%%" %(%u %'&i $+$/u%( "+#%ji%* %(%u j%%, j%i %#i

"+%'&i%* i(u&%' "i(% $+$/u%( )#u" u*(u" +/u%. u%'%

/? M+*+(u"%* )#u" /+#%%#"%* (#+*, %#(i*!% "i(% $+*+(u"%* )#u" u%'% +*.%* $+&i'%( %)% !%*. +%*. i.+$%#i &+' $%!%#%"%(, $i%&*!% i $%!%#%"%( +%*. i.+$%#i $%"%*%* !%*. )+%, $%"% "i(% /i% $+*.&%' /+#/%.%i $%"%*%* /+#3i(% #%% )+% +/%.%i )#u" u%'%

3? M+*+*(u"%* )#u" /+#%%#"%* )+&u%*., +*.%* 3%#% i*i "i(% /i% $+&i'%( )+&u%*. %)% !%*. %% !%*. %)%( "i(% $%*5%%("%* u*(u" ij%i"%* )#u", +(+&%' i(u "i(% $+*+(u"%* )+&u%*. u%'%, "i(% $%*5%%("%* )+&u%*. i(u, "i(% j%i"%* )+&u%*. (+#+/u( +/%.%i u%'% "i(%

2 M+*+(u"%* T%#.+( P%%#

6%#% "+u% u*(u" $+$u&%i u%'% %%&%' "i(% '%#u $+*+*(u%"* %%#%* )%%# !%*. "i(% (uju M+*+*(u"%* "+)%% i%)% )#u" "i(% %"%* iju%&, %)%"%' %"%* iju%& "+)%% "%&%*.%* %(%, "%&%*.%* $+*+*.%', "%&%*.%* /%%' M%"% )#u" !%*. "i(% )%%#"%* '%#u +u%i +*.%* %!% /+&i %* "+/u(u'%* (%#.+( )%%# "i(% Ki(% ju.% $+*+*(u"%* (%#.+( )%%# /+#%%#"%* u$u#, )#5+i, %"(i5i(% %* &%i*&%i*

9 M+*.uji "+&%!%"%* U%'%

D%&%$ $+*.uji "+&%!%"%* u%'% !%*. %"%* "i(% i#i"%*, +(i%"*!% %% (i.% '%& !%*. )+#&u i)+#'%(i"%*, i%*(%#%*!% %%&%' :

% Bi%!% i*4+(%i / Bi%!% $%& "+#j%

(6)

; S(#u"(u# M+*+j+$+*

A% u% j+*i (#u"(u# $+*+j+$+* !%*. /i% i.u*%"%* %&%$ $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'%, !%i(u (#u"(u# $+*+j+$+* !%*. ++#'%*% %* (#u"(u# $+*+j+$+* !%*. #u$i( M+*+j+$+* ++#'%*% !%i(u '%*!% %% "i(% +/%.%i / %* "%#!%%* +/%.%i %*%" /u%' !%*. $+$/u%( )#u", (i%" %% $+*+j+$+* )+$%%#%*, $+*+j+$+* )+#%i, %* $+*+j+$+* &%i**!% +&%i* "i(% +*i#i, +%*."%* $+*+j+$+* !%*. 3u"u) #u$i(, +&%i* "i(% +/%.%i / %* "%#!%%* +/%.%i %*%" /u%' !%*. $+$/u%( )#u", "i(% '%#u $+$/u%( $+*+j+$+*$+*+j+$+* &%i**!%, +)+#(i $+*+j+$+* "+u%*.%*, )+#%i*%&, )+$%%#%* %* &%i**!% D%* i +(i%) $+*+j+$+* (+#+/u( $+$+#&u"%* &%.i /+/+#%)% "%#!%%*

@ M%&

D%&%$ $+$u&%i u%'% $%& /u"%* '%*!% +/%(% u%*. , (%)i ju.% (+*%.% %* %"(u, "%&u $%& (+*%.% %* %"(u i*i, %"%* $u%' i %)%( "+(i"% "i(% $+$i&i"i "+i*.%*%* !%*. "u%( u*(u" $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'% S+%*."%* $%& u%*. (i%" %)%( i%)%("%* +*.%* 3%#% +++#'%*% i(u M%& u%*. %)%( i)+#&+' $+&%&ui /+/+#%)% 3%#% i%*(%#%*!% %%&%' i)+#&+' %#i (%/u*.%* +*i#i, %'%$, /&i.%i, %* &%i**!%

 B+*(u" u%'%

Ki(% %)%( $+*+*(u"%* /+*(u" u%'% +*.%* %)% !%*. "i(% i*.i*"%*, %)%"%' /i% /+#/+*(u" u%'% )+##%*.%*, PT, 6V, %(%u)u* /+*(u" %'% &%i**!% !%*. $u*."i* %)%( "i(% &%"u"%*

B$ !ambatan "ntu &emula* "saha

B%*!%" 5%"(# !%*. %)%( $+&%(%#/+&%"%*.i "+u"+%* ++#%*. %* /%*!%" ju.% 5%"(# !%*. %)%( $+*'%&%*.i "+u"+%* (+#+/u( B+/+#%)% 5%"(# (+#+/u( /+#%%& %#i %&%$ i#i "i(% +*i#i %* /+/+#%)% &%i**!% /+#%% %#i 5%"(# &u%# U*(u" $+*j%i u"+ "i(% '%#u $%$)u $+*.'i&%*."%* /+#/%.%i '%$/%(%* (+#+/u( Su"+ %%&%' +/u%' )i&i'%* i$%*% "i(% '%#u $%u +*.%* +*%*. '%(i u*(u" $%$)u $+*.'%%)i %* $+$+3%'"%* +.%&% $%3%$ )+#%&%* !%*. $+*.'%&%*.i "i(% %&%$ $+*3%)%i (uju%* T%*)% %% "+$%u%* !%*. "u%( )%% i#i "i(% (i%" $u*."i* %)%( $+*.%(%i /+#/%.%i '%$/%(%* u*(u" $+$u&%i u%'% (+#+/u( M+"i "i(% (%'u %)% %j% !%*. %"%* i'%%)i %* /%.%i$%*% 3%#% $+*.%(%i*!% *%$u* (%*)% %% (+"% /u&%( u*(u" u"+ +$u% (i%" %"%* /i% +*.%* $u%' i&%&ui

U*(u"u %)%( u"+ %&%$ +/u%' /i*i %(%u u%'% "i(% '%#u $%$)u $+*%*.%*i /+#/%.%i '%&%*.%* %* #i*(%*.%* D%&%$ $+$u&%i /i*i %(%u u%'% %"%* %% /%*!%" !%*. $u*."i* $+$/+#%("%* %(%u /%'"%* $+*.'%*3u#"%* "++$)%(%* "i(% u*(u" $%ju

(7)

1 %"(# I*(+#*%& H%$/%(%* M+$u&%i U%'%

H%$/%(%* !%*. $+*.'%&%*.i "i(% %&%$ $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'% )+#(%$% %(%*. %#i i#i "i(% +*i#i H%$/%(%* %(%u #i*(%*.%* (+#+/u( &+/i' "+)%% "u%&i(% "+)#i/%i%* "i(% !%*. (i%" $+*u"u*. u*(u" $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'%

H%$/%(%* i*i &+/i' "+)%% "+$%$)u%* $+*(%& %* "+(+#%$)i&%* !%*. %"%* "i(% .u*%"%* B+/+#%)% 5%"(# i*(+#*%& !%*. %)%( $+*j%i )+*.'%&%*. (+#3i)(%*!% u%'% $%*i#i %*(%#% &%i* +/%.%i /+#i"u(:

% P+#%%%* (%"u( .%.%& %* (i%" $%u $+*.%$/i& #+i"

/ R+*%'*!% "+$%$)u%* %* )+*.%&%$%* %&%$ $+*.+&&% u%'% 3 Ti%" $+$i&i"i $%& !%*. 3u"u)

P+#%%%* %(%u +$i %%&%' '%& !%*. )%&i*. $+*%%# !%*. '%#u "i(% &%"u"%* (+#&+/i' %'u&u ji"% "i(% i*.i* $+$u&%i +/u%' /i*i Dii*i "i(% '%#u $+*.'i&%*."%* /+#/%.%i )+#%%%*

%(%u +$i *+.%(i5 !%*. $+*.'%&%*.i u%'% "i(% %&%$ $+$/%*.u* +/u%' /i*i !%*. ii*.i*"%* B+/+#%)% )+#%%%* !%*. $+*..%*..u /%'"%* $+#u%" !%i(u )+#%%%* (%"u( .%.%& "+(i"% '+*%& $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'%, #%% (%"u( u*(u" $+*.%$/i& #+i" %* '%*!% i*.i* /+#%% )%% )ii !%*. %$%*, #%% $%&% %* &%i* +/%.%i*!%

U*(u" %)%( u"+ %&%$ $+$/u"% u%'% $%"% "i(% '%#u $+*j%i )#i/%i !%*. (%*..u' %* u*(u" $+*j%i )#i/%i !%*. (%*..u' "i(% '%#u $+*.'i&%*."%* /+#/%.%i )+#%%%* %(%u +$i *+.%(i5 !%*. %"%* $+*.'%&%*.i "i(% %&%$ $+&%"u"%* +/u%' u%'% Ki(% /i% /+#&%(i' %* /+&%j%# (+*(%*. $%*%j+$+* i#i %(%u /%.%i$%*% $+*.+&&% +$i *+.%(i5

K+$%$)u%* %(%u "i&& ju.% $+#u)%"%* %(u '%& !%*. +#i*. "%&i $+*j%i '%$/%(%* %&%$ $+$u&%i u%'% K+.%.%&%* +#i*."%&i (i$/u& "%#+*% "+$%$)u%* ++#%*. !%*. (+#/%(% K%#+*% &+(%" "+u"+%* ++#%*. /%*!%" i)+*.%#u'i &+' "+$%$)u%* Ji"% (i%" $%$)u $%"% ++#%*. %"%* &+/i' #+*(%* +*.%* "+.%.%&%*

S+/+&u$ $+$u&%i +/u%' /i*i $%"% %*.%( i%*ju#"%* u*(u" $+*.u"u# +/+#%)% j%u' "+$%$)u%* !%*. "i(% $i&i"i u*(u" $+*j%&%*"%* u%'% !%*. i)i&i' Ki(% '%#u (%'u "+(+#%$)i&%* %)% !%*. i/u(u'"%* %* %)%"%' "i(% $%$)u %(%u (i%" $+&%"u"%**!% I*i $+#u)%"%* %&%' %(u %&%%* /%*!%" )%"%# $+*!%#%*"%* "+)%% "i(% u*(u" $+$u&%i +/u%' /i*i !%*. "i(% "u%%i, $+$/%*.u* /i*i /+#%%#"%* $i*%( %* /%"%( !%*. i$i&i"i U*(u"

$+*u(u) %)% !%*. (i%" "i(% $i&i"i $%"% "i(% '%#u /+#%*i /+&%j%# %* $+*.%$/i& 3*(' %* )+*.%&%$%* %#i #%*. &%i*

(8)

2 %"(# E"(+#*%& H%$/%(%* M+$u&%i U%'%

M+*.u"u# "+$%$)u%* %* )+*.%&%$%* !%*. "(% $i&i"i +/%.%i )+$u&%, %% /+/+#%)% 5%"(# %#i &u%# !%*. $+*j%i "+*%&% %* '%$/%(%* %%( "i(% $+$u(u"%* u*(u" $+$/u"% +/u%' u%'% %"(# (+#+/u( $+*j%i )+*.'%&%*. (+#u(%$% "%#+*% "i(% $+$i&i"i "+(+#/%(%%* %&%$ $+*%*.%*i '%& (+#+/u( I*i /+#%#(i /%'% +i#i*. /+#j%&%**!% %"(u 5%"(# +"(+#*%& (+#+/u( (i%" %"%* $+*j%i $%%&%' !%*. +#iu H%$/%(%* %#i &u%# (+#+/u( +3%#% .%#i /+%# (+#i#i %#i u% '%& +/%.%i /+#i"u(:

% P+#%i*.%* P%%# !%*. K+(%(

P+#%i*.%* )%%# %%&%' '%& %&%$i !%*. %"%* "i(% '%%)i %&%$ $+*.+&&% +/u%' u%'%, i$%*%)u* %* "%)%*)u* "i(% %"%* i'%%)"%* +*.%* $%%&%' (+#+/u( U*(u" u%'% !%*. u%' &%$% /+#i#i, )+#%i*.%* (i%" %"%* $+*j%i $$" !%*. $+*.'%*(ui *%$u* /%.i "i(% "*ii )+#%i*.%* !%*. "+(%( %"%* $+*j%i '%& /+#%( !%*. '%#u i'%%)i

/ K*ii Li*."u*.%* !%*. Ti%" M+*u"u*.

Li*."u*.%* %)%( $+$/+#i"%* /%*!%" +"%&i +5+" )%% u%'% !%*. %"%* ii#i"%*, u*(u" i(u %*%&i% (+#'%%) "*ii &i*."u*.%* u%'% $u(&%" '%#u "i(% &%"u"%* D%&%$ u)%!% u*(u" $+*i#i"%* +/u%' u%'% !%*. u"+ $%"% "i(% '%#u $+$%(i"%* /%'% "*ii &i*."u*.%* /i% $+*u"u*. u%'% "i(% U*(u" i(u "i(% %)%( $+&i'%( /%.%i$%*% "*ii &i*."u*.%* !%*. i)i&i' $u&%i %#i %#%*% (#%*)#(%i, u$/+# %!% !%*. %"%* "i(% .u*%"%* %* ju.% %)+" /u%!% $%!%#%"%(*!% M+"i (i%" /+#)+*.%#u' &%*.u*. )%% (i*."%( "+/+#'%i&%* u%'% *%$u* "*ii &i*."u*.%* !%*. /u#u" (+*(u %"%* $+$)+#&%$/%( )+#"+$/%*.%* u%'% !%*. "i(% j%&%*i

($ Strate%* + strate%* &emula* "saha

1 M+*3%#i )%%# "'uu !%*. /+&u$ (+#.%#%)

I+*(i5i"%i"%* +/u%' )%*.% )%%# "'uu C*i3'+ $%#"+(? !%*. "+/u(u'%* u(%$%*!% /+&u$ (+#)+*u'i &+' "$)+(i(# B%*.u* +/u%' )+i%&i%i !%*. A*% (%'u $+#u)%"%* "+u*..u&%* %#i )+#u%'%%* A*% I*.%(&%', /%'% /%'"%* +/u%' )+#u%'%%* /+%# %* /+#(%#%5 i*(+#*%i*%& )u* (%" /i% $+$u%"%* +$u% #%*. B%*!%" )%%# "'uu !%*.

+#i*."%&i (%" (+#.%#%) "%#+*% i%*..%) (+#&%&u "+3i&

2 P+"% (+#'%%) (#+* (+#/%#u /+#%*i $+$u&%i

6%#i&%' "+/u(u'%* %* "+i*.i*%* (+#/%#u %#i )%#% "*u$+* !%*. (u$/u' %#i )+#u/%'%* (#+* i +.i "u&(u#%&, +"*$i, (+"*&.i !%*. $+*j%i i*!%& "++$)%(%* )%%# /%#u B+#(i*%"&%' +*.%* 3+)%(, j%*.%* $+*u*% (+#&%&u &%$%

(9)

9 L%"u"%* +*.%* )%(i

B+#'+*(i $+$/u%( %&%%*%&%%* -%"(u )%&i*. +$)u#*% u*(u" $+&u*3u#"%* /i*i (%""%* )+#*%' /i% i)#+i"i +3%#% (+)%( %* )%(i J%*.%* /i%#"%* )%#% /%"%& 3%&* "$)+(i(#

$+*3u#i (%#( %#i /i*i !%*. +/+*%#*!% /i% A*% $u&%i (+#&+/i' u&u Mu&%i&%' /+#.+#%" 6i)(%"%* .&.& )+*+" %* +%&i*+ !%*. $+$/%% A*% &+/i' +"%( u*(u" $+$/u"% &%'%* /i*i /%#u

; Hi*%#i "%(%"%(% !%*. $+$%(%'"%* +$%*.%(

A/%i"%* #%*.#%*. !%*. /+#"%(% I(u (%" %"%* /+#'%i& %(%u T%" %"%* /i% /+#'%i& "%&%u "%$u $+&%"u"%**!% +*.%* 3%#% i(u S++"%&i, $+*j%u' %#i %*..%)%* !%*. $+*u#u*"%* +$%*.%( %* %(u#%* /%"u /i% $+$/%*(u A*% u*(u" $+#%i' "+u"+%* P+#'%(i"%* %* )+&%j%#i 3%#% )%#% )+/i*i !%*. u"+ i /i%*. $+#+"% +*.%* )%*%*.%* !%*. "#i(i P+&%j%#i 3%#% $+#+"% /+"+#j% %* )#.#%$ !%*. $+#+"% &%"u"%* Aju"%* )+#(%*!%%* )+#(%*!%%* /%.%i$%*% ji"% i %&%$ )i"i#%* A*%

@ E")&#%i"%* "+&+$%'%* 3$)+(i(#

A$/i& )%*%*.%* "#i(i (+#'%%) "$)+(ii A*% %#i )+#)+"(i5 "*u$+* D+*.%#"%* /%i" /%i" %"%* "+/u(u'%* %* "$)&%i* %#i "*u$+* )#)+"(i5 %%( $+&%"u"%* (+&+)* %&+ H%& i*i %"%* $+$/%*(u $+*.i+*(i5i"%i "+"u#%*.%* %* "+&+$%'%* "$)+(i(# 6%#i&%' 3%#% u*(u" $+*u(u) "+"u#%*.%* %#i +#4i %* )#u" A*% +*i#i, &%&u )+#/%i"i '%& (+#+/u(

D$ B*sn*s Terna Sap* Ba%* Pemula

Di /+/+#%)% i&%!%' %+#%' +)+#(i J%% B%#%(, J%% Ti$u#, J%% T+*.%' %* %+#%' &%i* i I**+i% (+#u(%$% +% u%' /i%% iju$)%i u%'% )+(+#*%"%* %)i )(*. %(%u )+%.i*. +3%#% (#%ii*%& %* #u$%'%* S+(i%) #u$%' (%*..% i i&%!%' (+#+/u( $+$i&i"i u%'% (+#*%" %)i !%*. ii#i"%* i %$)i*. #u$%' -%&%u)u* ij%&%*"%* +3%#% %$)i*.%* *%$u* 3u"u) u*(u" $+$/%*(u )+#+"*$i%* %#.% +(+$)%( S+%*."%* )%"%* %)i %*.%( $u%' i%)%("%* i (+$)%( i(u

D%+#%' i J%% B%#%( +)+#(i Su$+%*. K+3%$%(%* T%*ju*.$+%# D+% Ji*."%*. (+#$%u" %&%$ %#+% )u%( )+(+#*%"%* %)i )(*. +3%#% #u$%'%* S+(i%) #%*. $+$)u*!%i u%'% (+#*%" %)i D%#i ju$&%' %(u %)i 'i*..% +)u&u' N%$u* )+*.+&&%%* i&%"u"%* +3%#% (#%ii*%& P+$/+#i%* )%"%* (+#*%" %)i /+#i5%( %&%$i Ti%" $+*..u*%"%* (+"*&.i )+$/+#i%* )%"%* %)i !%*. $+#+* %* %+(

(10)

M+#(u% )+*u&i +*i#i $+#u)%"%* %&%' +#%*. )+(+#*%" %)i )(*. %&%$ "%&% #u$%' (%*..% I% $+$)u*!%i %(u +"# %)i, i%$)i*.  "%$/i*. %* 2 $/% K%*%*. %)i !%*. (+#/u%( %#i )(*.%* "%!u ++#'%*% %* /+#i5%( (u*..%& ii#i"%* (%" j%u' %#i #u$%'*!% S+(i%) )%.i %* #+, /+&i%u +&%&u $+$/+#i"%* )%"%* $%"%* %)i /+#u)% #+#u$)u(%* H%& i(u i&%"u"%* u%' +j%" &%$% %* u%'% (+#*%" %)i $%$)u $+$/i%!%i "+/u(u'%* 'iu) %*%" %* i(+#i*!% +'%#i'%#i

E$ R*n,*an &-dal "saha Terna Sap* d* Tahap A.al

A%)u* #i*3i%* $%& u%'% (+#*%" %)i i (%'%) %%& %%&%' $+$/+&i /i/i( %)i i"i%#%* '%#.% R) < ju(% D%&%$ $%% +*%$ /u&%* +(+&%' i)+&i'%#% '%#.% %)i )(*. *%i" $+*j%i R) 1; ju(% J%i ji"% i'i(u*. %&%$ $%%  /u&%*, u%'% (+#*%" %)i "%&% "+3i& %)%( $+*.'%i&"%* &%/% /+#i' +/+%# R)  ju(% )+# +"# CR) 1; ju(%R) < ju(%? A)%/i&% %(u #u$%'(%*..% $+$+&i'%#% 9 %$)%i ; +"# %)i &+/i' (+*(u %j% )+*.'%i&%* /i*i (+#*%" %)i )(*. &+/i' /+%# &%.i Ti*..%& "%&i"%* R)  ju(% +*.%* ju$&%' +"# %)i !%*. i$i&i"i +&%$% +*%$ /u&%* U%'% (+#*%" %)i "%&% #u$%'(%*..% %"%* $+*.%&%$i $%% &%#i $%*i %* &*j%"%* u*(u*. /+%# /+#"%&i &i)%( )%% %"(u $+*j+&%*. '%#i #%!% iu& %'% %* '%#i #%!% &+/%#%* iu& 5i('#i Di$%*% /%*!%" #%*. !%*. $+$/u(u'"%* %.i*. %)i )%% %%( i(u u*(u" i%*(%)

P+*+" "%(%, ji"% %*% i*.i* $+$/u%( u%'% )+(+#*%"%* %)i )(*. !%*. )#5+i*%&, $+#+* %* $+*.u*(u*."%* $%"% #i*3i%* $%& u%'% (+#*%" %)i %$)%i /u"% (+*(u %"%* &+/i' /+%# "+(i$/%*. "%&% #u$%'(%*..% $+&i)u(i )+$/u%(%* "%*%*. %)i /i%!% R) 10 ju(%, )+#%&%(%* %* )+#&+*."%)%* "%*%*. R) ;00 #i/u, /i/i( %)i u*..u& '%#.% R) < ju(%, /i%!% )%"%* "*+*(#%( %)i R) @00 #i/u, %* .%ji "%#!%%* R)  ju(% +&%$% +*%$ /u&%* D%&%$ %"(u +*%$ /u&%*, u%'% )+(+#*%"%* %)i !%*. ij%&%*"%* +3%#% $+#+* $%$)u $+*.'%i&"%* u*(u*. /+#i' %$)%i R) 0 ju(% S+/+*%#*!% )+*.'%i&%* )+(+#*%" %)i /i% /+#(%$/%' /+%# +*.%* $+*j%&%*"%* u%'% %$)i*.%* %#i (+#*%" %)i !%"*i $+*.u/%'

"(#%* %)i )(*. j%i )u)u" %&%$i "$) &%&u iju%& "+)%% $%!%#%"%( !%*. $+$/u(u'"%**!%

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BAB 3 PEN"T"P

A$ Kes*mpulan

D%#i )+*j+&%%* i %(% %)%( ii$)u&"%* /%'% "+i#%u%'%%* $+*u*ju" "+)%% i"%) $+*(%& !%*. i$i&i"i +#%*. i#%u%'% %&%$ $+&%"%*%"%* u%'%"+.i%(%* S+%*."%* i#%u%'% %%&%' ++#%*. !%*. /+/% %* $+$i&i"i "+$%$)u%* u*(u" 'iu) $%*i#i %&%$ $+*j%&%*"%* "+.i%(%* u%'%*!% %(%u /i*i*!% %(%u 'iu)*!% D%&%$ $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'% (+*(u '%#u i)%'%$i u&u /%.%i$%*% 3%#% $+$u&%i u%'% +3%#% (+)%( %.%# u%'% %)%( /+#j%&%* +*.%* &%*3%# 6%#%3%#% (+#+/u( i%*(%#%*!% i%&%' $+*+*(u"%* )#u", $+*+(u"%* (%#.+( )%%#, $+*.uji "+&%!%"%* u%'%, (#u"(u# $%*+j+$+*, $%&, /+*(u" u%'% K+(i"% ++#%*. $+$u&%i u%'% )%(i (+#j%i '%$/%(%*'%$/%(%*, '%$/%(%* (+#+/u( /i% (+#j%i "%#+*% 5%"(# i*(+#*%& %(%u 5%"(# !%*. (+#j%i %#i %&%$ i#i #%*. (+#+/u(, i%*(%#%*!% )+#%%%* (%"u( .%.%& %* (i%" $%u $+*.%$/i& #+i", #+*%'*!% "+$%$)u%* %* )+*.%&%$%* %&%$ $+*.+&&% u%'%, %* (i%" $+$i&i"i $%& !%*. 3u"u) S+&%i* 5%"(# i*(+#*%& !%*. %)%( $+*.'%$/%( u%'% ++#%*., 5%"(# +"(+#*%& ju.% %)%( $+*.'%$/%( ++#%*. %&%$ $+$u&%i u%'%, i %*(%#%*!% )+#%i*.%* )%%# !%*. "+(%( %* "*ii &i*."u*.%* !%*. (i%" $+*u"u*. S+&%i* i(u, ++#%*. ju.% $+$+#&u"%* (#%(+.i u*(u" $+$u&%i +/u%' u%'% +)+#(i, $+*3%#i )%%# "'uu !%*. /+&u$ (+#.%#%), )+"% (+#'%%) (#+* (+#/%#u /+#%*i $+$u&%i, &%"u"%* +*.%* )%(i %* &%i*&%i*

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DAFTAR P"STAKA

K'%#%, K C201;, @ 2;? M%"%&%' K+i#%u%'%%* Di)+(i" 2 Ju&i 2017, %#i A3%+$i%: '(():%3%+$i%+u10117@1;$%"%&%'F"+i#%u%'%%*

S%(#i!%%*, U C2019, 11 01? M%(+#i K+i#%u%'%%* T+*(%*. T%(% 6%#% /+#i#%u%'% Di)+(i" 2 Ju&i 2017, %#i -i%(% Pi"i#%*: '(():i%(%)i"i#%*/&.)(3i20190@(%(% 3%#%/+#i#%u%'%'($&

'(():)+&u%*.u"+u%'%/&.)(3i201@02'%$/%(%*u*(u"$+$u&%iu%'%'($&, i u)&% &+' P+&u%*. Su"+ )%% (%'u* 201@, i%"+ )%% 2 Ju&i 2017 '(():i%(%)i"i#%*/&.)(3i20190@(%(%3%#%/+#i#%u%'%'($&, i u)&% &+' U"i S%(#i%%* )%% 2019, i%"+ )%% 2 Ju&i 2017