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PANITIA BAHASA INGGERIS

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2 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

TRIUMPH REDONG VOL. 3

No Skills / Contents Page

ENGLISH 014 SECTION A PRACTICE

1 Information Transfer 4

Exercise 1 - 20 5

ENGLISH 014 SECTION B(ii) PRACTICE

2 Formatted Writing Sample Forma 24

 Formal Letter 25

 Informal Letter 26

 E-mail 27

 Personalised / Greeting Card 28

 Postcard 29

 Message 30

 Notice 31

Formatted Writing 32

Exercise 1 - 5 33

ENGLISH 014 SECTION C PRACTICE

3 Essay Writing A 43

Exercise 1 – 20 44

4 Essay Writing B 64

Exercise 1- 20 65

BONUS NOTES

5 List of Common Verbs 85

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3 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

MODUL TRIUMPH REDONG

VOLUME 3

ENGLISH 014

SECTION A

INFORMATION TRANSFER

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4 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 1

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

The banana is my favourite local fruit. It is ___________________________ (1) fruit.

The skin turns from _____________________________(2). Many people like to eat it

because ___________________________ (3) is soft and sweet. Banana is good for our health

as it contains vitamins ___________________________________________(4). It can be

eaten ________________________________________(5). They can be made into cakes,

dessert and chips. They are easily available at supermarkets, markets and fruit stalls.

 local fruit

 non-seasonal

 supermarkets, markets and fruit stalls

 eaten raw, cooked

 made – local cakes, dessert, chips

skin:

 green- yellow when ripe

flesh :

 soft and sweet

food value:

 vitamins

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5 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 2

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Cleanliness is very important when we handle food. There are many ways to ensure

that the food we prepare is ____________________________ (1) to eat. First, we must wash

all fruits and vegetables carefully ___________________________(2). The reason is they

__________________________ (3) which may harm us. To clean them, we must use

__________________________ (4) to do this. This will help remove all

_______________________ (5) contamination. Always wash your hands with soap and

water before you prepare or serve food. Finally, remember to cover food to keep from flies.  clean and

healthy

 before eating  before cooking  may contain

pesticides

How to wash :

 clean water  soap

 Cover food

 germs

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6 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 3

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Hatches from an egg. Lay it eggs. Turns into pupa.

Eats leaves or flower. Four different stages of its life.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

A butterfly goes through _______________________________________ (1) in its

life. An adult butterfly will _________________________________________ (2) on a leaf.

The larva or caterpillar ____________________________________. (3) It eats

____________________________________ (4) almost non-stop. The caterpillar then loses

its old skin many times as it grows. Then, it turns

______________________________________. (5) This is the resting stage. A beautiful,

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7 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 4

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Prevent

 heart attack

 stroke

healthy activity garden, a park and even

around your neighbourhood.

a pair of shoes improves general fitness wear suitable clothes.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Walking is an activity that can be carried out easily in your

___________________________ (1). All you need is __________________ (2) and proper

attire. Walking is a ________________________ (3) as its benefits are plenty. It helps

prevent diseases like __________________________ (4). Besides, it also

________________________ (5). Although walking is a safe exercise, it is important to take

preventive steps to avoid injury. Hence, wear properly fitted, low-heeled shoes that are

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8 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 5

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Used for :

 Personal

 Education

communication, works and in health.

Function :

 Role as tutor

 create, store information

For teachers :

Makes their lesson interesting helps in communication

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Technology is used widely for ______________________ (1) today. All over the

world, we find technology in many aspects of peoples’ lives such as communications,

___________________ (2). In education, technology is very important. It has four main

functions. The first function is its ____________________________ (3), for example,

the use of televisions and computers in teaching, just like your personal tutor. Its second

function is knowledge exploration. Here, the CD-ROM is used. Next, technology is to create

and _______________________ (4). Students can use word processing and spreadsheet

software. Lastly, technology _________________________(5), for example, the e-mail.

Teachers are encouraged to use technology in their classrooms as it makes their lesson

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9 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 6

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

mobile phones Functions:

text messaging, MMS dial the numbers

carry anywhere reach others anytime,

anywhere to talk to someone

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

The telephone is a wonderful tool. If you want to ____________________(1), all you

have to do is pick up the phone and _________________________(2). You are instantly

connected to the person you want to talk to. A telephone is one of the simplest devices you

have in your house. Nowadays, we also have the _______________________ (3) which we

can _________________________ (4) we go. With the mobile phone we are able to reach

others anytime, anywhere. Also, the mobile phone has many useful functions like

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10 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 7

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

hatch six to twenty-one

days

swim around and feed on

algae floating weeds or grasses

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

The female frog _________________________ (1) in static water or water that does

not flow. They will usually __________________________ (2) after being fertilised. After

hatching from the egg, _______________________________ (3) will feed on the remaining

yolk. The young tadpole only has __________________________ (4). It will first stick itself

to floating weeds or grasses in the water. Then, seven to ten days after the tadpole has

hatched, it will ______________________________ (5). By twelve weeks, the tadpole only

has a small tail. It looks more like a frog. The frog will be fully grown between twelve to

sixteen weeks. the tadpole Tadpole features:  gills  mouth  tail

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11 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 8

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Bamboo plants can be found in _____________________ (1). They have many uses.

They can be used to make ________________________ (2). Farmers use bamboo to make

stakes for their vegetables to climb on as they grow bigger. We can also use bamboo as food

or to cook food. Certain ____________________ (3) can be eaten. __________________ (4)

is cooked inside the bamboo. The bamboo plant can also be cut up and be used as a mould for

making ‘gula melaka’. The broad leaves of certain bamboo species are

_____________________ (5) for Chinese ‘bak chang’ or glutinous rice dumplings.

 bridges

 rafts

 water pipes

used as wrappers bamboo shoots

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12 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 9

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

The coconut palm is very useful. It can be found growing along the

__________________ (1) in Malaysia. It grows well in sandy soil. It is also known as a

multipurpose tree. The leaves can be ______________________ (2). The _____________ (3)

can be used as bridges. The flesh of the coconut can be used to make oil.

____________________ (4) is used for cooking and baking. The fresh coconut drink is

simply _________________________ (5) especially on a hot day. Therefore, it is not

surprising to find the coconut palm almost anywhere in our country.

trunks made in brooms delicious and refreshing

multipurpose

Grow at:

 seashores

 beaches

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13 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 10

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

The pineapple is one of Malaysia local fruit. It is ___________________________

(1) fruit. The skin has very _______________________ texture (2). Many people like to eat

it because ___________________________ (3) is tangy and sweet. Banana is good for our

health as it contains ___________________________________________(4). It can be eaten

____________________(5). They can be made into jams, dessert and juice. They are easily

available anywhere from fruit stalls to supermarkets.  supermarkets,

markets and fruit

stalls

flesh :

 tangy

 sweet

 eaten raw, cooked

 made – fruit juice, jams

food value:

 vitamins C

 iron

skin:

 rough

 thorny texture

 local fruit

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14 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 11

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Corals are like plants, they are ______________________ (1). Coral reefs grow best

in ________________________ (2) water. It is possible for soft corals to grow in places with

warmer or colder water, but growth rates in these types of conditions are very slow. Corals

need clear and ________________________ (3) water to live. It is because lots of sunlight

filters through to their algae. Corals also need _______________ (4) salt water to

survive. Other factors influencing coral distribution are the hard-bottom sea surface. Food

such as _____________________ (5) feeds these corals. The presence of species that help

control macro algae, like urchins and herbivorous fish help provided the food.

clear and shallow sea salt water

Food:

 plankton

 algae

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15 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 12

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Maintaining good oral hygiene is one of the most important things you can do.

Healthy teeth enable you to __________________________ (1) as well as make you possible

to eat and speak properly. Daily preventive care including proper

________________________ (2), will help stops problems before they develop. Besides

regular visits to _____________________ (3), brushing thoroughly _________________ (4),

flossing daily, eating a balanced diet, avoid __________________________________ (5)

and using toothpaste and mouth rinse that contain fluoride can help to decrease the risk of

developing tooth decay, gum disease and other dental problems.

look and feel good twice a day

tooth decay, gum

disease and other dental

problems

Daily care:

 brushing

 flossing

visits to the dentist

Avoid:

 unhealthy snacks

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16 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 13

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Oranges are a good source of vitamins. It contains _________________________ (1).

The nutritional benefits of oranges are many. The fibre found in the membranes may

__________________________ (2) levels. They also contain antioxidant properties.

Therefore it is better to eat the fruit rather than drink the juice.

_______________________(3) thoroughly to remove any wax or fungicides. There are

different species of oranges including _______________________________ (4) Seville

oranges. Bottled by - products of oranges are sold in

_________________________________________ (5) at an affordable price. antioxidant properties lower blood cholesterol

levels.

supermarkets,

hyper-markets and shopping

malls

Contains:

 Vitamin C

 B vitamins

Species:

 Jaffa orange

 Mandarin orange

 Seville orange

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17 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 14

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

We use water in _________________ (1). Besides using water for drinking, we also

use water for __________________________________ (2) the plants. Plants need water to

________________________________ (3) food. The green substance called

________________ (4) also helps the plants to produce their own food. Water also plays

another important role in human lives. For ages, people have used it as a means of

transportation. People used _____________________ (5) to travel on water to fulfil their

needs.

our daily lives

Used for:

 bathing

 washing

 watering plants

chlorophyll

Transportation:

rafts, boats, canoes and

ferries

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18 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 15

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Nomads are people who change their place of stay all the time. In the North African

deserts, nomadic tribes of people called Bedouins are found. They rear herds of

____________________ (1). However there is so little grass in the desert that they always

have to move around to _____________________ (2) for their animals. To make moving

easy, they ___________________ (3). In Central Asia, people in Mongolia are also nomads.

They move from __________________ (4) with their flock of horses, goats and yaks. Their

homes are large and round tents called _______________(5). Move - pasture to

pasture

Rear:

camels and goats tents called yurts

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19 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 16

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Cats are divided to two main group, ____________________________ (1). The

lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar and cheetah are big cats. There are twenty-eight types of small

cats. Most of them are wild. The ________________________ (2) we keep at home are small

cats. Big cats lie with their front legs outstretched. Small cats ______________________ (3)

under their body. Big cats lie down to feed while small cats eat in a crouched position.

______________________ (4) but big cats roar. However, the ____________________ (5)

cannot roar.

Group:

big cats and small cats tuck in front legs

cannot roar - jaguar and

snow leopard

eat in a crouched

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20 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 17

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Canning is one way to ___________________ (1) for long periods of time. In the

canning process, the food is ___________________ (2) and bacteria are killed or new

bacteria prevented from forming. Now, the food in the can is completely _____________ (3)

and will not go bad. Once the can is opened, bacteria enter and start attacking the food. The

opened can now has to be refrigerated to ____________________ (4) of the bacteria. Canned

foods are _____________________ (5) in the pantry. Process:

 boiled in the can

 bacteria are killed

bacteria enter and start

attacking

Keep cool to:

slow down the activity

sterile and will not go

bad easily stored store food

ABC

Green

Peas

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21 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 18

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Hari Raya is celebrated by ________________ (1) which signifies the end of the

fasting month of Ramadhan. Ramadhan is the name of the __________________ (2) fasting

period when Muslims fast from dawn till sunset. During the period of fasting, it is forbidden

from ___________________ (3). Muslims start the day by wearing

______________________ (4) and gathering in the mosques early in the morning to perform

the Hari Raya Puasa prayers. The Muslims also have _________________ (5) for relatives

and friends to come to their house. Some of the favourite dishes prepared are ketupat,

lontong, nasi padang and beef rendang. one-month fasting

period new clothes

ketupat, lontong, nasi

padang and beef

rendang

open house

Forbidden to:

 eat

 drink

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22 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 19

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Living a healthy lifestyle is _____________________ (1). Everybody tries to do the

right things to enjoy a healthy lifestyle. As a student, we must keep our health in a good state.

These will ____________________ (2) in the classroom. Eating good, nutritious food like

______________________ (3), and drinking lots of water are part of a healthy lifestyle. We

must drink at least ____________________ (4) of water. In addition, exercise like

________________________ (5) are important activities for good health. We must also have

a good rest. Sleeping and relaxing are essential too.

help to focus very important

Nutritious food:

 fruits

 vegetables

Exercise:

 walking

 dancing

 swimming

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23 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 20

Study the notes below and use the information to complete the text.

Based on the notes, complete the text below with the correct information.

Mobile phones have become essential. Life is very difficult to manage without them.

It is light, easy to use and _________________________ (1). Mobiles are being used by

_____________________ (2) alike. They are used in every corner of the world. Even in

developing countries mobile phones are used widely. Mobile phones offer

_____________________ (3) to the users. Among them are

_________________________________ (4) and online services. In Japan, companies send

__________________________(5) to their users about an earthquake and also help to trace

the disaster victims.

can be carried anywhere Used by:

children, youths and elders

mobile games, text

messaging, video

player, online services

mobile phones are used

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24 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

TRIUMPH REDONG

VOLUME 3

ENGLISH 014

SECTION B

FORMATTED WRITING

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25 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

Formal Letter Sample

Sender’s address

Date

Receiver’s address

Salutation

Subject

Body

Complementary closure

Signature

...

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26 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

Informal Letter Sample

Se der’s address

Date

Dear Receiver’s a e

Body

Complementary closure

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27 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

E-mail Sample

From: (Sender’s e-mail address) Date:05 September 2015

To: (Receiver’s e-mail address) Time: 8.50 p.m.

Subject:

Body

Complementary closure

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28 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

Personalised / Greeting Card Sample

Dear Receiver’s name

Body

Complementary closure

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29 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

Postcard Sample

Dear (Receiver’s name)

Body

Receiver’s name

Receiver’s address

Complementary closure

Sender’s signature ...

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30 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

Message Sample

Message Heading (A message toReceiver’s a e)

Body

Complimentary closure

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31 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

Notice Sample

Notice title / Event

Day

Date & time

Venue

Registration fee

Body / Content / Programmes

Closing statement

Contact person

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32 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

TRIUMPH REDONG

VOLUME 3

ENGLISH 014

SECTION B(ii)

FORMATTED WRITING

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33 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 1

Study the menu below.

Famous Malaysian Food

Nasi Lemak

 Delicious rice  Spicy sambal  Fried anchovies  Hardboiled egg

Chicken Rice  Fluffy rice  Spicy chilli and ginger sauce  Fried, grilles or steam chickens  Soup Variety of Kuehs

 Some sweet , spicy, and savoury  Traditional preparation

 Colourful

 Good as evening snack and breakfast

Char Koey Teow  Stir fried broad rice noodles  Spicy  Cockles and seafood  Speacial sauce ad condiments

 Fried Rice

 Traditional Malay, Chinese fried rice  Popular

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34 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

Your friend, Franco Delacroix, from France would like to know a little bit about Malaysian

cuisines. He would like to taste some when he visits Malaysia in October. Write an e-mail for

him, telling him about at least three foods that he might enjoy during his visit.

Write your answer between 50 to 80 words.

From: Date:05 September 2015

To: Time: 8.50 p.m.

Subject:

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35 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 2

Study the poster below.

The Multipurpose Plant

The leaves can be made into brooms.

Coconut palm grows well in sandy soil.

The coconut milk is used for cooking and baking The flesh of the coconut can be

used to make oil

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36 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

Your friend, Mia Antasha Wilson, from Ireland would like to know a little bit about coconut

plant and the uses of the multipurpose tree. She would like to learn about the tree. Write letter

for her, telling him about at least three uses of the coconut tree.

Write your answer between 50 to 80 words.

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37 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 3

Study the poster below.

LOVE OUR ENVIRONMENT WEEK

Love our envi r onm ent ! Car e f or all li vi ng t hi ngs.

Remember the tips below:

 Do not litter

 Do not pluck flowers or plants in parks

 Recycle bottles, papers, glasses and aluminium cans

 Do not dump rubbish in the seas / rivers Activities for pupils:

 Poster making competition.

 Colouring contest.

 Games and quizzes.

 Story- telling competition.

 ‘Making Recycled Paper’ demonstration

Come and listen to our talk

Venue : School Hall Place : 20 July 2007

Time : 10.00 am – 12.00 pm

Topic : How You Can Care for the Environment?

Brought to you by, The Nature Society

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38 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

You are the President of The Nature Club Society and you to organize Love Our

Environment Week at your school. Write a formal letter to your headmaster, asking

permission and RM200 budget for the programme.

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39 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 4

Read the dialogue below

Encik Syafiq : Hello. May I speak with Mr Tan?

Mrs. Tan : I’m sorry. He’s not home. Who is this?

Encik Syafiq : It’s Encik Syafiq from the Taman Aman Committee.

Mrs. Tan : Would you like to leave a message for him?

Encik Syafiq : Yes. Tell Mr Tan that we will be having committee meeting on

Friday.

Mrs. Tan : This Friday? 21 December 2016?

Encik Syafiq : Yes. Tell him that we will be discussing about Taman Aman Gotong

Royong Perdana event. Ask him to bring the budget from our

collection.

Mrs. Tan : Ok, will do.

Encik Syafiq : Before I forgot, the meeting is at 2.00 p.m. and will be held in the

community hall. Thank you.

Mrs. Tan : Bye.

.

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40 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

You are Mr Tan’s wife. Write a message for Mr Tan letting him know about the phone conversation.

Write your answer between 30 to 50 words.

Message title :

From :

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41 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 5

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42 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

Your friend from Australia would like to visit some places of interest in Kuala Lumpur in

December. He wants to know more about the city. Write an e-mail to your friend telling him

about at least three places he can visit on the KL City Tour bus.

Write your answer between 50 to 80 words.

From: Date:05 September 2015

To: Time: 8.50 p.m.

Subject:

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43 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

TRIUMPH REDONG

VOLUME 3

ENGLISH 014

SECTION C

Question 1

ESSAY WRITING

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44 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 1

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Maria and her family went to the zoo last weekend. Maria’s father drove them there. At the zoo ...

family

zoo

various

riding

elephant

mother

taking

photographs

happy

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45 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 2

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Last Monday, Joanna had a very bad experience. She woke up late because she slept

late last night, watching television. When she woke up that morning, ...

Monday

late

running

bus

shoes

slipped

foot

naughty

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46 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 3

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

During last school holiday, Mia and her family decided to go for a picnic. They went

to Desaru. They ...

family

picnic

happy

beach

basket

food

swimming

mat

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47 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 4

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

It’s been raining for few days. Pak Ali and his family were worried. The next day, the water level started to ...

rain

few days

flood

raised

scared

saved

boat

roof

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48 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 5

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

John and his family love camping. They go camping all the time. Last Saturday, John

and his family ...

holiday

camping

family

tents

riverside

fishing

grilling

chopped

firewood

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49 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 6

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

It was raining heavily last night. It was a thunderstorm. When Encik Syafiq wake up

this morning, it was ...

last night

thunderstorm

tree

fell

car

helped

moved

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50 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 7

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Amal was walking at the park, one sunny afternoon. Suddenly he saw smoke coming out from his neighbour’s house. He ...

saw

fire

neighbour’s house

called

fire station

fire brigade

arrived

put out

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51 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 8

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Kamala and her family went to a bird park, last school holiday. Kamala liked birds

very much. She ...

family

bird park

various

species

colourful

photographs

favourite

happy

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52 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 9

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Mia and Syamil were walking to school. Suddenly, they heard a very loud crash. They

saw ...

saw

accident

motorcyclist

hurt

broke leg

helped

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53 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 10

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Kampung Tekam Community Center was having a gotong royong last weekend. All

the villagers came to help. Hafiz and Kamal ...

Community Center

gotong-royong

helped

clean

villagers

brought

food

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54 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 11

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Yesterday, was Miss Mia Antasha’s birthday. Nurul and her friends decided to celebrate her birthday at school. It was a surprised party. Nurul ...

favourite

teacher

birthday

celebrated

decorated

classroom

present

happy

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55 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 12

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Last Thursday was Jaya birthday. She invited many of her friends. She ...

celebrated

twelfth

invited

friends

came

excited

prepared

food

balloons

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56 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 13

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Maria was walking to school that afternoon. When she passed a park near her house,

she saw an old man was sitting under the tree. She ...

walked

home

saw

scruffy old man

homeless

pity

hungry

lunch box

ate

tree

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57 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 14

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Azrul likes to catch butterflies. One day, he went to catch some butterflies in the

nearby forest. He ...

catch

butterflies

forest

evening

lost

scared

worried

neighbours

helped

found

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58 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 15

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Ahmad and Amaluddin were best friends. They always spend time together. One

afternoon, the decided to play football at the park. They ...

afternoon

played

football

friends

happy

kicked

broke

windows

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59 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 16

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Last Monday, Farid and Akmal went to the market. On their way, they saw an

accident. They ...

market

saw

accident

motorcyclist

hurt

shocked

crowd

helped

called ambulance

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60 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 17

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

SK Wawasan was having having a gotong royong. Many pupils came to help. Azizah and Farah ...

broom

sweeping

rakes

wiping

windows

rag

pail

wall

painting

cleaning

drain

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61 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 18

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Kamal and Rajan were cycling along the river. They wanted to go fishing. They … bicycle

pail

tree

shoes

fishing rod

shouted

jumped

saved

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62 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 19

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Marina likes baking. She always watches her mother baked cakes and cookies. One

day, she wanted to make cookies. She asked ...

bake

cookies

mother

helped

taught

ingredients

oven

tasted

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63 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 20

Write a story based on the picture below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Begin your story with:

Pak Hamid was a successful farmer. He was kind and generous too. He owned a big animal’s farm. He ...

farm

big

animals

workers

shed

pond

sell

fed

healthy

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64 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

TRIUMPH REDONG

VOLUME 3

ENGLISH 014

SECTION C

Question 2

ESSAY WRITING

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65 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 1

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

first – blow – balloon – tear – newspapers – glue - layers

cut – paper - make – small cones – glue - balloon

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EXERCISE 2

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

friend – healthy - drinks – milk - fruits - morning

evening – exercises – jogs - park – house - an hour

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67 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 3

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

father – parrot – kept - cage

home – noticed – missing – realised – lock

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68 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 4

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Mr Arul – family – beach – Sunday – Tanjung Balau

Mrs Arul – shady – placed – food – children – sandcastle – lunch

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69 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 5

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Encik Hasan’s house – burnt down – last month

Neighbours came – help – rebuild – house – prepared food

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70 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 6

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Hanna – little sister – playing – backyard – throw – over - fence

hit –neighbour’s window – broke – pieces

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71 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 7

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

rained – heavily – bridge – broken – headman - rebuild

villager – equipment – rebuild – prepared - food

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72 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 8

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

cleanliness campaign – pupils – parents – teacher – took part

collected – rubbish – cut – grass – cleared - drains

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73 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 9

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Yesterday – Mak Siti – market – morning – basket - bus

busy – bought – fish – beef – fruits - vegetables

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74 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 10

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Last Saturday – Sports Day – school field

pupils – helped – to decorate – tents –

balloons

Nasir – took part – high jump – won – first prize

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75 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 11

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

cycling – school – football practice – junction – saw – blind man

standing – roadside – wanted – cross – busy – many cars

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76 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 12

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Syafiq – friends – scouts – school - home

old man – fell –helped – rushed – public

phone

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77 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 13

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

Azua – parents – visit – Kuala Lumpur – car – excited

went – KLCC – Petronas Twin Tower – shopping

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78 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 14

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

mother – prepared – cake – cook – food – celebrate - birthday

father – decorated – living room – balloons – guests - arrived

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79 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 15

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

village – burglar – climbed – window - house

after stealing – out – geese – running – chased – pecked

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80 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 16

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

spent – holidays – grandparents – village – happy

helped – grandfather – vegetable farm –

water – weed – feed – collected - eggs

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81 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 17

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

naughty boys – way home – school – saw – bird nest

decided – nestlings – tried – climb – tree – fell – broke - leg

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82 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 18

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

boys – walking – library – car – roadside

woman – flat tyre – asked – help – tools

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83 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 19

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

morning – going – school – late – walked - quickly

saw – accident – motorcycle – van – hurt – leg

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84 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 20

Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answer in the space provided. Write your story between 80 to 100 words.

went – grocery – bought – bread – sugar - alone

way home – met – neighbour –old – cross –

decided - help

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85 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

TRIUMPH REDONG

VOLUME 3

BONUS NOTES

LIST OF

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86 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

MOST COMMON VERBS

accept care could enjoy happen lead open reduce settle teach account carry count examine hate learn order refer shake tell achieve catch cover exist have leave ought reflect shall tend

act cause create expect head lend own refuse share test add change cross experience hear let pass regard shoot thank admit charge cry explain help lie pay relate should think affect check cut express hide like perform release shout throw afford choose damage extend hit limit pick remain show touch agree claim dance face hold link place remember shut train

aim clean deal fail hope listen plan remove sing travel allow clear decide fall hurt live play repeat sit treat answer climb deliver fasten identify look point replace sleep try

appear close demand feed imagine lose prefer reply smile turn apply collect deny feel improve love prepare report sort understand argue come depend fight include make present represent sound use arrange commit describe fill increase manage press require speak used to

arrive compare design find indicate mark prevent rest stand visit ask complain destroy finish influence matter produce result start vote

attack complete develop fit inform may promise return state wait avoid concern die fly intend mean protect reveal stay walk base confirm disappear fold introduce measure prove ring stick want be connect discover follow invite meet provide rise stop warn beat consider discuss force involve mention publish roll study wash become consist divide forget join might pull run succeed watch

begin contact do forgive jump mind push save suffer wear believe contain draw form keep miss put say suggest will belong continue dress found kick move raise see suit win break contribute drink gain kill must reach seem supply wish build control drive get knock need read sell support wonder

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87 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

ADJECTIVES

FEELINGS PERASAAN CHARACTER SIFAT LOOKS RUPA

angry arrogant attractive

anxious brave beautiful

bored clumsy big

shy courageous nice

scared diligent dark

puzzled hardworking elegant

surprised intelligent fair

happy clever gorgeous

sad smart handsome

excited funny tall

gloomy strict short

joyful selfish small

sleepy pleasant spacious

tired rude neat

hungry polite large

ill talkative tiny

worried quiet good-looking

confident humble ugly

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88 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

CONDITIONS KEADAAN FEATURES CIRI-CIRI

dirty long-lasting

clean expensive

tidy cheap

neat high-quality

cold delicious

hot modern

crowded old-fashioned

empty challenging

hectic easy

bad difficult

good interesting

terrible suitable

excellent reasonable

new useful

old educational

comfortable nutritious

enjoyable heavy

dull light

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89 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

ADVERBS

accurately surely

assiduously attentively

beautifully truly

carefully clearly

diligently lovingly

excellently gently

faithfully excitedly

gracefully joyfully

hungrily cheerfully

loudly sadly

nicely fast

neatly well

obviously badly

pleasantly terribly

quickly quietly

soundly busily

tidily attentively

skillfully accidentally

slowly proudly

softly comfortably

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90 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

THE LINKING TECHNIQUE APPROACH

What is Linking Technique approach?

Linking technique approach is where the pupils are to write other corresponding sentences to the sentence they wrote before. Here, the use of WH-Questions tag plays important role to brainstorm and generate ideas of what to write. Pupils are also not bound to the only words given to help them write. However, this technique is used solely to help pupils to write something if they are short on ideas.

What is Linking Technique?

Linking technique acquires few step or method. First, they have to group the words given in each picture into smaller group. Then, they write simple sentence based on one smaller group words. From there, pupils will circle words that they can elaborate on – using WH-Questions tag. Same process goes to the new sentence.

Sample writing using linking technique approach.

Step by step using linking technique.

Example:

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91 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

Step 2 : Write sentences from the smaller group words

(kitchen – bake – cake)

Shiela is in the kitchen and wants to bake a cake.

Step 3 : From the sentence, circle word you want to elaborate

Shiela is in the kitchen and wants to bake a cake.

She is going to bake a lemon cake. It is her favourite cake to bake.

From the first sentence of the smaller group fragments, you have already written 3 sentences.

Shiela is in the kitchen and wants to bake a cake. She is going to bake a lemon cake. It is her favourite cake to bake.

cake Brainstorm

using WH-questions

tag what

why lemon

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92 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a Grammar Check :

1. Make sure you essay is either in ‘Simple Present and Present Continuous’

or ‘Simple Past and Past Continuous Tense’.

2. Simple present tense ( +s, +ies, +es ) use 1, 2 I love You +S –S

Technique and present continuous tense using ‘is’ and ‘are’ follow by ‘– ing’.

3. For simple past tense, circle the verbs and add +d, +ed, +ied or totally change (caught, went, brought) or not change the verbs (put, cut, read).

4. Past continuous tense, find the ‘is’ and ‘are’ and change to ‘was’ and

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93 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

TRIUMPH REDONG

VOLUME 3

ANSWER SCHEME

INFORMATION TRANSFER

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94 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

INFORMATION TRANSFER ANSWERS

EXERCISE 1 ANSWER

The banana is my favourite local fruit. It is non-seasonal (1) fruit. The skin turns from green to yellow when ripe (2). Many people like to eat it because the flesh (3) is soft and sweet. Banana is good for our health as it contains vitamins and energy giving food

value (4). It can be eaten raw or cooked (5). They can be made into cakes, dessert and chips.

They are easily available at supermarkets, markets and fruit stalls.

EXERCISE 2 ANSWERS

Cleanliness is very important when we handle food. There are many ways to ensure that the food we prepare is clean and healthy (1) to eat. First, we must wash all fruits and vegetables carefully before eating or cooking (2). The reason is they may contain

pesticides (3) which may harm us. To clean them, we must use clean water and soap (4) to

do this. This will help remove all germs and bacteria (5) contamination. Always wash your hands with soap and water before you prepare or serve food. Finally, remember to cover food to keep from flies.

EXERCISE 3 ANSWERS

A butterfly goes through four different stages of its life. (1) in its life. An adult butterfly will lay it eggs. (2) on a leaf. The larva or caterpillar hatches from an egg. (3) It eats leaves or flower (4) almost non-stop. The caterpillar then loses its old skin many times as it grows. Then, it turns into pupa. (5) This is the resting stage. A beautiful, adult butterfly will come out from the pupa. The life cycle will continue on.

EXERCISE 4 ANSWERS

Walking is an activity that can be carried out easily in your garden, a park and even

around your neighbourhood. All you need is a pair of shoes and proper attire. Walking is a healthy activity as its benefits are plenty. It helps prevent diseases like heart attack and stroke. Besides, it also improves general fitness. Although walking is a safe exercise, it is

important to take preventive steps to avoid injury. Hence, wear properly fitted, low-heeled shoes that are comfortable. Also make sure that you wear suitable clothes.

EXERCISE 6 ANSWER

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EXERCISE 7 ANSWER

The female frog lays many eggs in static water or water that does not flow. They will usually

hatch six to twenty-one days after being fertilised. After hatching from the egg, the tadpole

will feed on the remaining yolk. The young tadpole only has gills, a mouth and tail. It will first stick itself to floating weeds or grasses in the water. Then, seven to ten days after the tadpole has hatched, it will swim around and feed on algae. By twelve weeks, the tadpole only has a small tail. It looks more like a frog. The frog will be fully grown between twelve to sixteen weeks.

EXERCISE 8 ANSWER

Bamboo plants can be found in forests. They have many uses. They can be used to make

bridges, rafts and water pipes. Farmers use bamboo to make stakes for their vegetables to

climb on as they grow bigger. We can also use bamboo as food or to cook food. Certain

bamboo shoots can be eaten. ‘Lemang’ is cooked inside the bamboo. The bamboo plant can

also be cut up and be used as a mould for making ‘gula melaka’. The broad leaves of certain bamboo species are used as wrappers for Chinese ‘bak chang’ or glutinous rice dumplings.

EXERCISE 9 ANSWER

The coconut palm is very useful. It can be found growing along the seashores and beaches in Malaysia. It grows well in sandy soil. It is also known as a multipurpose tree. The leaves can be made in brooms. The trunks can be used as bridges. The flesh of the coconut can be used to make oil. Coconut milk is used for cooking and baking. The fresh coconut drink is simply delicious and refreshing especially on a hot day. Therefore, it is not surprising to find the coconut palm almost anywhere in our country.

EXERCISE 11 ANSWER

Corals are like plants, they are living things. Coral reefs grow best in warm water. It is possible for soft corals to grow in places with warmer or colder water, but growth rates in these types of conditions are very slow. Corals need clear and shallow water to live. It is because lots of sunlight filters through to their algae. Corals also need salt water to survive. Other factors influencing coral distribution are the hard-bottom sea surface. Food such as plankton and algae feeds these corals. The presence of species that help control macro algae, like urchins and herbivorous fish help provided the food.

EXERCISE 12 ANSWER

Maintaining good oral hygiene is one of the most important things you can do. Healthy teeth enable you to look and feel good as well as make you possible to eat and speak properly. Daily preventive care including proper brushing and flossing, will help stops problems before they develop. Besides regular visits to the dentist, brushing thoroughly

twice a day, flossing daily, eating a balanced diet, avoid unhealthy snacks and carbonated

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96 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 3 – M i a A n t a s h a

EXERCISE 13 ANSWER

Nomads are people who change their place of stay all the time. In the North African deserts, nomadic tribes of people called Bedouins are found. They rear herds of camels and goats. However there is so little grass in the desert that they always have to move around to look for

food for their animals. To make moving easy, they live in simple tents. In Central Asia,

people in Mongolia are also nomads. They move from pasture to pasture with their flock of horses, goats and yaks. Their homes are large and round tents called yurts.

EXERCISE 15 ANSWER

We use water in our daily lives. Besides using water for drinking, we also use water for

bathing, washing and watering the plants. Plants need water to grow and produce food.

The green substance called chlorophyll also helps the plants to produce their own food. Water also plays another important role in human lives. For ages, people have used it as a means of transportation. People used rafts, boats, canoes and ferries to travel on water to fulfil their needs.

EXERCISE 16 ANSWER

Cats are divided to two main group, big cats and small cats. The lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar and cheetah are big cats. There are twenty-eight types of small cats. Most of them are wild. The tame cats we keep at home are small cats. Big cats lie with their front legs outstretched. Small cats tuck in front legs under their body. Big cats lie down to feed while small cats eat in a crouched position. Small cats purr but big cats roar. However, the jaguar and snow leopard cannot roar.

EXERCISE 17 ANSWER

Canning is one way to store food for long periods of time. In the canning process, the food is

boiled in the can and bacteria are killed or new bacteria prevent

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