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… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … s s e n e t a ir p o r p p

A .……... 6 1

: 4 .

4 Percentageoft heparitcipants’s coref o rtiem3 :LearningObjecitve’ s … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … s s e n e s i c n o

C .. .… 6 3

: 5 .

4 Percentageoft heparitcipants’s coref o rtiem4 :Arrangemen to f … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … s e v it c e j b O g n i n r a e

L ..… …. 6 5

: 6 .

4 Percentageoft heparitcipants’s coref o rtiem5 :Conten tVaildtiy….. 6 7 :

7 .

4 Percentageoft heparitcipants’s coref o rtiem6 :FaceVaildtiy…….... 7 0 :

8 .

4 Percentageoft heparitcipants’s coref o rtiem7 :Numbe ro fTask s….. 7 4 :

9 .

4 Percentageoft heparitcipants’s coref o rtiem8 :Objecitvtiy…….… ... 7 5 :

0 1 .

4 Percentageoft heparitcipants’s coref o rtiem9 :Tes tReilablitiy….… 7 7 1

1 .

4 : Percentageoft heparitcipants’s coref o rtiem10 :Easeo f

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … n o it a rt s i n i m d

A .. .… 7 9

: 2 1 .

4 Percentageoft heparitcipants’s coref o rtiem11 :TimeRequriedf o r … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … n o it a rt s i n i m d

A ..… …. 8 1

: 3 1 .

4 Percentageoft heparitcipants’s coref o rtiem12 :HumanandMate ira l …

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … s t s o

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v i x

E R U G I F F O T S I L

e r u g i

F Page

(19)

v x

S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L

x i d n e p p

A Page

:

A Sura tPermohonanI ijnPeneilitan……….. 96 :

B CompetenceStandardandBasicCompetenceo fReadingSkli l………... 98 :

C Bloom’ sTaxonomy……… 01 6 :

D Assessmen tRub irc………. 1 90 :

E InterviewProtocol………. 1 31 :

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1 I R E T P A H C

N O I T C U D O R T N I

h t f o n o it c u d o rt n i e h t s t n e s e r p r e t p a h c s i h

T i sstudy .Therearesix patrst o

e h t s r e v o c t r a p t s ri f e h T . r e t p a h c s i h

t backgroundoft hisr esearch .Thes econdpar t

ri h t e h T . d e t c u d n o c s i y d u t s s i h t h c i h w n i n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t s

i d patri st he

s i h t f o s u c o f e h t s e m o c e b o s l a d n a y r a d n u o b e h t s e v i g h c i h w , n o it a ti m il m e l b o r p

s i h t f o s ti f e n e b e h T . c i p o t s i h t f o s e v it c e j b o e h t n o s e s u c o f tr a p h tr u o f e h T . y d u t s

i a t b o o h w s e if it n e d i o s l a t r a p s i h T . tr a p h tf if e h t n i d e n o it n e m e r a h c r a e s e

r ns the

s i h T . s m r e t f o n o it i n if e d e h t s i r e t p a h c s i h t f o t r a p t s a l e h T . y d u t s s i h t f o t if e n e b

. y d u t s s i h t n i d e s u e r a t a h t s m r e t l a r e v e s f o n o it i n if e d e h t s n i a l p x e t r a p

.

A ResearchBackground

e s o t e l b i s s o p m i s i tI . o d e l p o e p t a h t y ti v it c a n o m m o c a s i g n i d a e

R parate

. e fi l s ’ n a m u h m o r f g n i d a e

r Peoplesearch and dig more knowledgeusually from

f o e n o s A . s e c r u o s n e tt ir w d e t a l e r r e h t o r o s k o o b e h

t the recorded media in

, g n i n r a e

l book s rtansfer knowledge to anyone reading ti .In Engilsh language

r , d l e if n o it a c u d

e eadingi soneoft hef ou rskillst ha tarei mpo trantf ort hel earner s

.r e t s a m o t

l li k s g n i d a e r , t c a f n

I play sacrucia lrolein Indonesia’ sforma leducaiton

l a n i F l a n o it a N h s il g n E n i s m e ti t s e t l a t o t e h t f o t s o m , f o o r p a s A . m e t s y s

r o n o it a n i m a x

E Uijan Akhir Nasional Bahasa Inggris (UAN ) are reading i

t I . s n o it s e u q n o i s n e h e r p m o

(21)

2 1 0 2 / 1 1 0 2 r a e y c i m e d a c

a pubilshed by Naitona l Professiona l Cerit ifcaiton

y c n e g

A orBadan Standa rNasiona lPendidikan (BNSP)t ha,t f rom ten i ndicator s n o i s n e h e r p m o c g n i d a e r e r u s a e m m e h t f o x i s , s t n e d u t s l o o h c S h g i H r o i n u J r o f

n e e tr i h t ,s t n e d u t s l o o h c S h g i H r o i n e S r o f s r o t a c i d n i y t n e w t m o r f , y lr a li m i S . ll i k s

l l a r o f e c n a tr o p m i n a s i e r e h t , y l s u o i v b O . n o i s n e h e r p m o c g n i d a e r e r u s a e m m e h t f o

educator sto be able to consrtuc t a good , effecitve ,and approp irate reading

.t n e m s s e s s a

e r u s a e m d n a e c n a h n e o t s r o t a c u d e r o f y a w e h t s i f l e s ti t n e m s s e s s A

n g i s e d t n e m s s e s s a d o o g A . ll i k s d n a t c e j b u s n i a tr e c n i y c n e t e p m o c ’ s r e n r a e l

j b o g n i n r a e l e h t s t c e lf e

r ecitvest ha tshouldbeachievedbyt hel earners .Related t o

o t s r e n r a e l e h t p l e h y a m t n e m s s e s s a f o t e s a , ll i k s g n i d a e r h s il g n E f o t x e t n o c e h t

e c n a h n

e therir eading competency .A se tofr eadingassessmen tmayalso beused

e n r a e l e h t e r u s a e m o t s r o t a c u d e y

b rs ’ reading competency . Therefore , i ti s

o t s r o t a c u d e r o f t n a tr o p m

i beablet oconsrtuc tagoodandeffecitveassessment to

s s e s s

a o rmeasuret hel earners ’competencyinr eading.

, s e t a d i d n a c r e h c a e t s

A the iftfh semeste rstudent so fEngilsh Language

t a c u d

E ionStudyProgram( ELESP )shouldknowhowt omakeagoodassessment ,

s s a g n i d a e r g n i d u l c n

i essment .The fitfh semeste rstudent sare prepared fo rthei r

e r a e r e h T . s e c it c a r p g n i h c a e t g n i w o ll o

f several teaching courses in Engilsh

e g a u g n a

L Educaiton Study Program o fSanataDharma Universtiy ,fo rexample :

Insrtucitona lDesign (ID) ,Cur irculum and Mateira lDevelopmen t(CMD) ,and

( t n e m s s e s s A g n i n r a e L e g a u g n a

L LLA) .Tim Dosen Program Stud iPendidikan a

h a

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3

e s r u o c e h t s n i a rt t a h t e s r u o c P S E L

E -taker s t “o understand p irnciple s o f

o r p d n a n g i s e d l a n o it c u rt s n

i duce good insrtucitona l design fo r hi s teaching

s e s o p r u

p ” (p.89) .Curirculum and Mateira lDevelopmen ti san ELESP course

u o c e h t s n i a rt h c i h

w r -setaker sto beablet o“understandt heNaitona lCurirculum ,

e h t n o d e s a b s l a ir e t a m d n a n a l p n o s s e l a p o l e v e d o t d n a s u b a ll y s a n g i s e d o t

m u l u c ir r u c l a n o it a

n ” (p.86) .LanguageLearning Assessmenti san ELESPcourse

which rtain s the course-takers to understand the theo ire s and p irnciple s o f

t c u rt s n o c o t d n a t n e m s s e s s a e g a u g n a

l a se t o f Engilsh language learning

t n e m e v e i h c a ’ s t n e d u t s s s e s s a o t r e d r o n i t n e m s s e s s

a (p.88) .

r u o c e e r h t e s o h t g n i k a t r e tf

A ses ,the ELESP student shave to take the

e c it c a r p g n i h c a e

t s .The fris tteaching pracitce , in Micro Teaching course ,i s

e s r u o c e c it c a r p a s i e s r u o c g n i h c a e T o r c i M . r e t s e m e s h t x i s e h t n i d l e h y ll a r e n e g

h D a t a n a S f o y tl u c a F n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T l l a r o

f arma Universtiy

(FKIP )students .I t rtain sthe student sto be able to “apply the concept sand ” n o it a u ti s g n i h c a e t m o o r s s a l c l a e r a n i g n i h c a e t e g a u g n a L h s il g n E f o e r u d e c o r p

) 0 9 . p

( .Anothert eachingpracitcei sMicro Teaching 2 o ralsoknowna sProgram n

a g n a p a L n a m a l a g n e

P .A step highe rthan Micro Teaching course ,Program n

a g n a p a L n a m a l a g n e

P (PPL)i sat eaching pracitcecoursef o ral lFKIPstudent s h

c i h

w i sconducted by t eachingin ther ea lclassroom o frea lhighschools(p.91) .

f o s t e s n g i s e d o t e l b i s n o p s e r e r a s t n e d u t s P S E L E , e s r u o c g n i h c a e T o r c i M n I

e m s s e s s

a n t according to cetrain competence standard and basic competence

t i y rt o t e v a h y e h t , n e h T . r e r u t c e l e h t y b d e d i c e

d ou ttot hestudent swtih t hesame

s t n e d u t s l a e r e h t o t s c it s ir e t c a r a h

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T o r c i M n

i eaching co eurs ,when ELESP student sdo thei rProgram Pengalaman n

a g n a p a

L (PPL) ,they also have the responsibiilites to make some kind so f g

n i d u l c n i ,s t n e d u t s e h t r o f s t n e m s s e s s

a readingassessment .

w e h t s e ri p s n i t a h t n r e c n o c a s i e r e h t , y l e t a n u tr o f n

U rtie rto conduc tthi s

. h c r a e s e

r Based on t hewrtier’ spersona lexpeirenceand personali nterview swtih

f o s t n e d u t s d n a s r e r u t c e l e m o

s the Engilsh Language Educaiton Study Program ,

W . t c a f g n it s e r e t n i n a s i e r e h

t hen student spracitce teaching in Micro Teaching

d n

a Program Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) courses ,they face dfiifculite sin g n i d a e r g n i d u l c n i , t n e m s s e s s a e t a ir p o r p p a d n a , e v it c e f f e , d o o g a g n it c u rt s n o c

. t n e m s s e s s

a O tfen, et h ELESPstudent s ifndi tdfiifcutlt odecidewhatt hingst hey

y e h t s g n i h t t a h w , s s e s s a o t e v a

h havet o t estt hestudents .Anothe rconcerni st ha t

n i s e m it e m o

s othe r example s o f reading assessment , even the Naitona l

r e ti r w e h t , n o it a n i m a x

E ifnds ni approp irate assessmen t design to measure

s e u g r a r e ti r w e h t , e r o f e r e h T . n o i s n e h e r p m o c g n i d a e r ’ s t n e d u t

s tha ta steache r

r o f t n a tr o p m i s i ti , s e t a d i d n a

c theELESP studentst o understand and maste rhow

g n i d r o c c a t n e m s s e s s a g n i d a e r f o t e s e t a ir p o r p p a d n a , e v it c e f f e , d o o g a t c u rt s n o c o t

.t n e m s s e s s a e g a u g n a l f o s e l p i c n ir p e h t o t

y d u t s s i h

T then wli lanalyzet hecompetenceo fthe iftfhsemeste rstudent s

f

o theEngilsh LanguageEducaitonStudy Program o fSanataDharmaUniverstiy

i n consrtucitng a se to freading assessmen tthrough thei r ifna lassignmen tin

( t n e m s s e s s A g n i n r a e L e g a u g n a

L LLA) class . Besides , thi s research also

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5

.

B ResearchProblems

t s r e v o c y d u t s s i h

T wor esearchproblem sasf ollow .s

.

1 How i sthe if tfh semeste rstudents ’competence in consrtucitng a se to f

? t n e m s s e s s a g n i d a e r

.

2 Wha t are the students ’ dfi ifculite s in consrtucitng a se t o f reading

? t n e m s s e s s a

.

C ProblemLimtia iton

r e t s e m e s h tf if e h t s i t n i o p t s ri f e h T . y d u t s s i h t f o s t n i o p n i a m o w t e r a e r e h T

d n o c e s e h T . t n e m s s e s s a g n i d a e r f o t e s a g n it c u rt s n o c n i e c n e t e p m o c ’ s t n e d u t s

, e v it c e f f e , d o o g a g n it c u rt s n o c n i s e it l u c if fi d ’ s t n e d u t s r e t s e m e s h tf if e h t s i t n i o p

.t n e m s s e s s a g n i d a e r e t a ir p o r p p a d n a

e g a u g n a L h s il g n E e h t f o s t n e d u t s r e t s e m e s h tf if e h t t a h t s e u g r a r e ti r w e h T

a u q e r a y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S f o m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d

E ilifed enough to

e h t d e n r a e l e v a h o t d e t c e p x e e r a y e h t r o f y d u t s s i h t f o s t n a p i c it r a p e h t e m o c e b

g n it a l u m r o f f o s e ir o e h t e h t y ll a i c e p s e , n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E f o s e ir o e h t

o s l a e r a y e h T . t n e m s s e s s a e g a u g n a l f o s e l p i c n ir p e h t d n a e v it c e j b o l a n o it c u rt s n i

e g a u g n a l h s il g n E o t d e t a l e r s e s r u o c e h t l l a n e k a t e v a h y e h t e s u a c e b n e s o h c

g n i h c a e t e h t ,s i t a h t , e s r u o c f o l e v e l t x e n e h t r o f y d a e r t e g o t e v a h d n a n o it a c u d e

d n a g n i h c a e T o r c i M : s e c it c a r

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.

D ResearchObjecitves

s s i h

T tudyi sconductedt or eacht hefo llowingobjecitve .s

.

1 To ifnd out t he competence o f iftfh semeste rstudent so fSanata Dharma

.t n e m s s e s s a g n i d a e r f o t e s a g n it c u rt s n o c n i y ti s r e v i n U

.

2 To ifnd ou tthe students ’dfiifculite sin consrtucitng a se to freading

s s e s s

a men.t

.

E ResearchBeneftis

s i y d u t s s i h

T wo trh studying for i twli lgivecontirbuitons t o t hestudent s

f o s r e r u t c e l d n

a the Engilsh Language Educaiton Study Program ,the future

r e ti r

w s ,andt her eader soft hist hesi .s

.

1 TheStudent so fTheEngilshLanguageEduca itonStudyProgram

y d u t s s i h

T contain s related knowledge abou t consrtucitng language

t i , e r o f e r e h T . t n e m s s e s s

a wil l help the ELESP student s improve thei r

f o g n i d n a t s r e d n

u consrtucitng availd ,reilable ,and usable reading assessment .I t

r o f t n a tr o p m i s

i them because they are educated a s teachers . One o f the

a g n it c u rt s n o c n i e c n e t e p m o c d o o g a g n i v a h s i r e h c a e t d o o g a f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c

e h t g n i w o n k y B . s t n e d u t s e h t r o f t n e m s s e s s a e t a ir p o r p p a d n a , e v it c e f f e , d o o g

, h c r a e s e r s i h t f o t l u s e

r the if tfh semeste rstudent sin academic yea r2011/2012

t l u s e r e h t , y ll u f e p o H . t n e m s s e s s a g n i d a e r f o t c u d o r p n w o r i e h t e t a u l a v e o s l a d l u o c

e g a r u o c n e d l u o c h c r a e s e r s i h t f

o the ELESP student s to improve thei r

i k s r i e h t d n a t n e m s s e s s a e g a u g n a l f o s e l p i c n ir p e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n

u l l in

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7

.

2 TheLecturer so fTheEngilshLanguageEduca itonStudyProgram

f o n o it p ir c s e d a e v i g l li w y d u t s s i h

T the iftfh semeste r students ’

s e s s a g n i d a e r f o t e s a g n it c u rt s n o c n i e c n e t e p m o

c smen tto the ELESP lecturer .

i s e

B des ,thi sstudy wli lhelp the lecturer sto know the students ’dfiifculite si n

f o s e l p i c n ir p e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n

u language assessment and consrtucitng a se to f

g n i d a e

r assessment .I talso provide sthe possible factor scausing the students ’

. s e it l u c if fi

d Byknowingthestudents ’dfiifculite ,st hel ecturer swli lbeencouraged

e h t p l e h o t r e d r o n i e u q i n h c e t d n a d o h t e m g n i h c a e t e t a ir p o r p p a d n if r o e v o r p m i o t

i c n ir p e h t d n a t s r e d n u s t n e d u t

s ple so flanguage assessment .Lecturer scould also

m e h t p l e

h comprehend how to consrtuc t a good ,effecitve ,and approp irate

e g a u g n a

l assessment ,especially reading .Anothe rbene if tof t hi sresearch i s t ha t

e h

t assessmen t rub irc insrtumen t could help the lecture r to minimize the

e t s e m e s h tf if g n i s s e s s a n e h w y ti v it c e j b u s f o y ti li b a b o r

p rstudents ’work. I ti s

d n a n g i s e d l a n o it c u rt s n i f o y r a m m u s e h t s n i a t n o c c ir b u r t n e m s s e s s a e h t e s u a c e b

.t n e m s s e s s a e g a u g n a l f o s e l p i c n ir p e h t

.

3 TheFutureResearchers

s e p o h r e ti r w e h

T tha tthi sresearch may insprie othe rEngilsh Language

o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d

E gramstudentst oconductf utrherr esearchrelatedt ostudents ’

e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e s o h T . t n e m s s e s s a g n i d a e r f o t e s a g n it c u rt s n o c n i e c n e t e p m o

c r s

h s il g n E r o f s n o it u b ir t n o c e r o m e v i g o t r e d r o n i h c r a e s e r s i h t e s i v e r r o h c ir n e y a m

r o F . d l e if n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a

(27)

h c r a e s e r r e h tr u

f related t o a simliar topict o thisr esearch ,hopefully t hisr esearch

. h c r a e s e r ri e h t g n it c u d n o c n i s e c n e r e f e r ri e h t f o e n o e b y a m

.

F De ifniitono fTerms

s n i a l p x e t r a p s i h

T thedeifniitonofs omeimpo trantt erm susedi nt hiss tudy

, s m r e t e h T . g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a o t r e d r o n

i the deifniitons ,and the b ire f

s n o it a n a l p x

e areprovidedasf ollow .s

.

1 Competence

, m r e t n o m m o c a s

A therearemany deifniiton so fcompetence .On some

s i e c n e t e p m o c , s n o i s a c c

o evenmismatchedwtihcompetency. I n f act,t hoset erm s

. s u c o f f o s a e r a d n a n o it i n if e d h t o b n i t n e r e f fi d e r

a Gliber t(1996 )a sctied in

) 6 0 0 2 ( u c s e r o d o e

T deifne scompetence a s“wo trhy performance which come s

o l c o t s t n e m h s il p m o c c a e l b a u l a v f o o it a r e h t m o r

f sely behavior” .Fu trher ,he

g n i y lr e d n u e h t m o r f y l n o d e n i a t b o s i t n e m g d u j e c n e t e p m o c t a h t d e n i a l p x e

e h t ; e c n a m r o fr e p n a m u h f o t l u s e r e h t d n a , t n e v e r o , t c a f , m e t s y s a f o e g d e l w o n k

. n o it i d n o c n i a tr e c n o e m o c t u o g n i n r a e l d e d n e t n

i Thus ,competen tpeoplearet hose

e m o c t u o g n i n r a e l d e d n e t n i m r o f r e p y ll u f s s e c c u s o h

w .

e f fi

D ren t from competence , Richard s and Rodgers (2001) state tha t

y c n e t e p m o

c cont irbutest o t he successfu lpefrormance o fan i ndividual i n doing

e r d n a g n it t e s c i m e d a c a h t o b n i y ti v it c a r o , b o j , k s a

t a lworking-wo lrd setitng .

e li h

W competence focuse s only on the successfu l performance o f desried

s c it s ir e t c a r a h c l a u d i v i d n i f o t e s a s e il r e d n u y c n e t e p m o c , e m o c t u

(28)

9

n e h t h c i h w , e k il e h t d n a , e d u ti tt a , r o i v a h e b , s n r e tt a p t h g u o h t , s t e s d n i m , s ll i k s

resutls ins uccessfu lperformance.

tr o h s n

I ,competency i sase to fhuman characte irsitc swhich becomest he

e li h w , e c n a m r o f r e p e v it c e f f e d n a l u f s s e c c u s a o t g n i d a e l s r o t c a f g n i n i m r e t e d

tl u s e r e l b a u l a v d n a e g d e l w o n k g n i y lr e d n u e h t n o y l n o s e s u c o f e c n e t e p m o

c fo

. e c n a m r o f r e

p The data o fthi sresearch wa sobtained from the iftfh semeste r

s g n it c u rt s n o c f o s t c e j o r p l a n if ’ s t n e d u t

s et sofr eadingassessment .Thejudgment s

n e h

t would bemade based on t hei rundelrying knowledge which resutlsi n t hei r

tl u s e r e l b a u l a

v fo pefrormance .Consideirngt heapprop iratenesst o t hecontex to f

. y c n e t e p m o c f o d a e t s n i e c n e t e p m o c m r e t e h t e s o h c r e ti r w e h t ,s i s e h t s i h t

.

2 Performance

s tr o f f e e r o m , s e c n e t e p m o c n a m u h e v r e s b o o

T are need sincecompetence

e v r e s b o o t t l u c if fi d d e r e d i s n o c s

i by some people .In fact ,performance can be

y c n e t e p m o c n a m u h d n a e c n e t e p m o c n a m u h t u o b a t n e m g d u j a e k a m o t d e s u

0 0 0 2 ( n w o r B . e c n a m r o f r e p n i d e t c e lf e r h t o b e r a y e h t e s u a c e

b ) argues tha t

n o n s i e c n e t e p m o

c - sob ervablewhlieperformancei st heobservablereailzaiton o r

e b n a c f l e s ti e c n a m r o f r e p , e r o f e r e h T . e c n e t e p m o c f o n o it a t s e fi n a m e t e r c n o c

k r o w a r o g n it t e s c i m e d a c a n a n i t u p t u o k r o w a r o n o it c u d o r p l a u t c a n a s a d e n if e d

r o e c n e t e p m o c s i h f o t l u s e r e h t s a e n o e m o s y b d e c u d o r p s i h c i h w , g n it t e s

a c e B . y c n e t e p m o

c useperformance i sobservable, i tcan beused ast he mean so f

t a h t s u o i v b o s i ti , s u h T . e c n e t e p m o c ’ s t n e d u t s s s e s s a o t r o e r u s a e m o t n o it a v r e s b o

(29)

.

3 Assessment

n u l n o r G d n a , n n i L , r e ll i M o t g n i d r o c c

A d ( 2009) ,assessmenti sviewed a s

d n a t s r e d n u r e tt e b o t d e s u s i t a h t e c n e ir e p x e r o , t n e m t a e rt , y a w , d o h t e m y n a t s o m l a

e g d e l w o n k e h

t possessed by the learners .Assessmen ti sused t o observe and t o

s e c o r p g n i n r a e l e h t g n ir u d d e n r a e l e v a h s t n e d u t s t a h w e r u s a e

m s . Since

f o t e s b u s a s i t s e t ,t n e m s s e s s a g n it c u d n o c f o s e s o p r u p e h t f o e n o s i t n e m e r u s a e m

i d e t c u d n o c e b n a c t n e m s s e s s a , s u h T . t n e m s s e s s

a n vairou sforms ,w irtten o r

n e k o p

s ,f orma lori nforma,lf ormaitveors ummaitve .

r e ll i

M e tal .(2009 )state tha tan effecitveand approp irateassessmentha s e

r u s a e m o

t thel earning objecitvest o help t heeducator smeasu irng o robserving

. d e v e i h c a e v a h s t n e d u t s t a h

w Beside ,s t herearealso severa lp irnciple so fagood

. t n u o c c a o t n i n e k a t e b o t t n e m s s e s s a e g a u g n a

l Brown (2004 )argues tha ta good

c e f f e d n

a itveassessments houldbepracitcal ,vaild,r eilable ,authenitc ,andl eading

d r a w o

t s washback effect. Millere tal. (2009) classfiy thep irnciple sof l anguage t

n e m s s e s s

a into 3p irnciple sonly :vaildtiy, r eilablitiy ,and usablitiy .Inf ac,tt hose

e h t f o r e b m u n e h t n o s e il e c n e r e f fi d e h T . r e h t o h c a e o t r a li m i s e r a s t n e m e t a t s o w t

. s e l p i c n ir

p Duet o t heef ifciency ,allt hoset heo ire sweresynthesized i nto 3majo r

t n e m s s e s s a d o o g a f o s e l p i c n ir

p : vaildtiy ,reilablitiy ,and usabiilty ,which then

(30)

1 1

I I R E T P A H C

E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R

s i h t e il r e d n u h c i h w s g n it ir w l a c it e r o e h t e h t s e v i g r e t p a h c s i h

T research .

o t s tr a p o w t e r a e r e h

T thi s chapter : theoreitca l descirpiton and theoreitca l t

u o b a s n o it p ir c s e d s e v i g n o it p ir c s e d l a c it e r o e h t e h T . k r o w e m a r

f thet heo ire sused

5 o t n i d e d i v i d , h c r a e s e r s i h t n

i secitons : reading , insrtucitona l goal s and t

n e m s s e s s a e g a u g n a l , s e v it c e j b

o ,competence ,and KPE 359 Language Learning e h t d n a y r a m m u s e h t s e v i g k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t e h T . e s r u o c t n e m s s e s s A d n a

f o s i s e h t n y

s thet heo ire sandhowt heywli lbeusedi nt hiss tudy.

.

A Theore itca lDescrip iton .

1 Reading

n i d e n o it n e m s

A thechapte rI ,reading play sacrucia lrolein Indonesia’ s e h t s s u c s i d o t e k il d l u o w r e ti r w e h t y lt s ri f , e r o f e r e h T . m e t s y s n o it a c u d e l a m r o f

e r f o e r u t a

n ading and how reading i sappiled in Indonesia’ sforma leducaiton .

m e t s y s

.

a TheNatureo fReading

s n a e m g n i d a e r , y ll a r e n e G . g n i d a e r s i g n i n r a e l e g a u g n a l n i s ll i k s e h t f o e n O

’ s r e d a e r e h t o t t x e t m o r f n o it a m r o f n i g n ir r e f s n a rt d n a g n it t e g f o s s e c o r p e l o h w e h t

mind .Gibson and Levin (1975 )interpre treading a san acitve process ,sefl -h s il g n E g n i n r a e l n I . s e s o p r u p y n a m r o f d n a s y a w y n a m n i r e d a e r e h t y b d e t c e ri d

, e g a u g n a l d n o c e s a s

(31)

a n i s s e c c u s r o f ll i k

s l leducaitona lcontexts”. I n ordert o becomeef ifcien tsecond e

g a u g n a

l reader ,st herearet woconcernst obetakeni ntoaccount .Fris,tt heyhave m

o tt o b r e t s a m o

t -upandt op-downapproach .Bo ttom-upapproachi sr elatedt ot he s

f o g n i s s e c o r p r o f s e i g e t a rt

s eparate letters ,words ,and phrase .s Meanwhlie, t op -n

o i s n e h e r p m o c g n i d a e r r o f s e i g e t a rt s e h t o t d e t a l e r s i h c a o r p p a n w o

d ,o rcan be

g n it e r p r e t n i s a g n i d a e r d e ll a c o s l

a .Second ,they need to develop approp irate a

t a m e h c s l a m r o f d n a t p e c n o

c in orde r to better understand and interpre t y

lt n e i c if f

e .Schemataheremean the related background i nformaiton and cutlura l )

5 8 1 . p ( .t x e t g n i d a e r e h t o t e c n e ir e p x e

.

b ReadinginI ndonesia’s Forma lEduca iton System ,

m e t s y s n o it a c u d e l a m r o f s ’ a i s e n o d n I n

I there are four levels of l earners , s

a n w o n k o s l a r o l o o h c S y r a t n e m e l E e r a y e h

t Sekolah Dasar (SD) ,Junio rHigh s

a n w o n k o s l a r o l o o h c

S SekolahMenengahPertama (SMP) ,Senio rHigh Schoo l s

a n w o n k o s l a r

o Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) ,and Highe rEducaiton o ralso s

a n w o n

k Pendidikan Tinggi .Anothe rone ,Vocaitona lSchoo lo ralso known a s

n a u r u j e K h a g n e n e M h a l o k e

S (SMK)i si nt hes amel eve lwtihSenio rHighSchool . f

o e n o s i e g a u g n a l h s il g n

E m ain subject sfo rJunio rH igh School ,Senio rH igh School ,andVocaitona lSchools tudents (KementrianPendidikanNa isonal ,2012) .

n o s

A e fo m ain subjects ,the setitng ,the learning goal ,s the topics ,the genera l n

o it a c il p p a e h t d n a s e s o p r u

p o fEngilsh language subjec tare regulated in the Naitona l Educaiton' s Minisrty' s Regulaiton o r Peraturan Menter i Dina s

l a n o i s a N n a k i d i d n e

P (Permendiknas) N o 22 ,23 ,24. Reading a sone o ffou r s

ll i k s e g a u g n a l h s il g n

(32)

3 1 s

e s o p r u

p stated in the Permendiknas N 2o. .2 The attachmen to fthi sregulaiton , d

n a t S e c n e t e p m o

C ard and Basic Competence ,could be seen in Appendix B . f

e

R e irng t o Indonesia’ s Educaiton Uni tLeve lCurirculum o rKu irkulum Tingka t n

a k i d i d n e P n a u t a

S (KTSP) ,Engilsh teacher sin Indonesia have the authortiy to r

a e l e h t n o d e s a b e v it c e j b o g n i n r a e l e t a l u m r o

f ning goal s and the learners’ n

i d e t s e t o s l a s i g n i d a e R . s c it s ir e t c a r a h

c Naitona lFina lExaminaiton o rUijan l

a n o i s a N r i h k

A (UAN) ,and ti sporiton i sstated in Naitona lF

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