CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS IN KICK ANDY TALK SHOW PROGRAM ON METRO TV.

(1)

...

111

ABSTRACT

Farhani, Najla. Conversational Maxiins in Kick Andy Talk Sbow Program on Metro TV. Thesis: English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Post Graduate School, State University ofMedan. 2011

(2)

MH JK PERPUSTAKAAN

lJNIMED

CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS IN KICK ANDY

TALK SHOW PROGRAM ON METRO TV

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics

Study

Program in

Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

M ag ish: ~:t'

Humaniora

By

I'IA ILA

_{- --- - -~-} _.._--

l~Aiti

-I AN

_{- ~--} _..._{.._}

I

_...

Registration Number : 082188330121

ENGLISH APPI .. IED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

(3)

A Thesis

CONVERSA'HONAL MAXIMS IN KICK ANDY TALK SHOW . PROGRAM ON METRO TV

By

NAJLA FARHANI

Registration Number: 082188330121

English Applied L inguistics Study Program State University of Medan

Tbis Thesis was examined on March 17th, 2011 by tbe Board ofEuminers

Approved by

Adviser Commission

First Adviser

Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd NIP. 19610425 198601 2 001

Second Adviser

(4)

-

z

?

93

APPROVAL

This Thesis was examined on March 171b, 2011 by Board of Examiners

Board of Examiners

Prof.

Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd.

NIP. 19610425 198601 2 001

Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd. NIP. 19660616 199403 1 006

Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd. NIP. 19590713 198601 1 001

Prof. Tina Mariany Arif'm, M.A., Ph.D. NIP. 19440302 196902 2 001

(5)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of God, the most Gracious and the most Merciful. First of all, the writer would like to thanks Allah the Almighty for His blessing in the completion of this thesis.

In completing this thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge her deepest gratitude for all the generous guidance and assistance which has been given to her by many people.

The highest appreciation goes to her two advisers, Prof Dr. Lince Sihomblng, M.Pd as her first adviser and Dr. Didlk Santoso, M.Pd as her second adviser for their guidance all through the completion of this thesis.

to Prof: Vr. Busmin Gum1ng, M.Pd and Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd as the Head and Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who have assisted her in processing the administration requirement during the process of her study in the Postgraduate program.

Many thanks are due to Prof: Dr. Busmin Guming, M.Pd., Prof Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A. Ph.D, and Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed TESP. They gave suggesstions, criticisms and opinions for the improvement of this thesis. She also. would like to take this opportunity to express her thankfulness to all lecturers who had taught her during the years in LJ'Hl. ·Next, ·her gratitude also goes to all her friends (Sister Nova, Ayu, Meida, Rini, Saadah, Brother Herman, Lestari, and all students of L TBf Executive intake .X'V) who have given her mental and spiritual encouragement and suggestions which facilitate her to write this thesis.

(6)

II

Finally, a very special gratitude is directed to her beloved parents, Drs. Darul Aman, M.Ag. and Dra. Nani Ayum Panggabean and her younger brothers, Ahmad Munif Hannani and Muhammad Sy:tuqi Habib for their endless love, care, support, and prayers, until at last she can finish this thesis.

May Allah Bless

Medan, March 20 II The Writer

Najla Farhani

(7)

>

-

z

?

Design---·--·-·---·----·- 28

3.20

Data

and

Data

Sources---··--- ---

28

3.3 0 Technique of Colleting

Data-···- --- --- 29

3 0 4 0 T ecbnique of Data Analysis--- ---·- 29

3 05 0 Trustworthiness---·--- 31

(8)

CHAPlER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FrNDINGS, AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 . Data Analysis--- 33

4.1.1 Occurrence of Conversational Maxims in Kick Andy Talk Show Program--- 33

4.1.2. The Difference between Three Episodes ofKick Andy Talk Show

Program---

43

4.1.3. The Reason ofObedience and Violence of Conversational Maxims--- --- 46

4. 2. Discussions--- 4 7 4.2.1. Occurrence of Conversational Maxims in Kick Andy Talk Show Program--- 48

4.2.2.The Differences between Three Episodes ofJ(ick Andy Talk Show Program---_--- 54

4.2.3. The Reason of Obedience and Violence of Conversational Maxims--- 58

CHAPTER VCONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS 5. I. Conclusions--- 59

5 .2. Implications--- 59

5. 3. Suggestions--- 60

REFERENCES--- 61

(9)

VI

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 _{Transcription of Conversation ofKick Andy Talk Show--- 62}

(10)

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

The name of the interviewer: A : Andy. F. Noya The names of the interviewees:

: Iwan

L : Lanjar Sriyanto

s

: Susnoduadji Sa : Suhendra R : Andreas Raharso

The titles of the episodes:

BdNO : "Berprestasi di Negeri Orang" PS : "Pengakuan Susnoduadji" PSt : "Peradilan Sesaf'

>

-

%.

?

93·

VII

(11)

-1.1 The Background of Study

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Conversation is a natural product in communicating information between

two or more persons involved. In phenomenon pragmatics always works. In

conversation, what speaker literally says, sometimes, is different from what they

actually mean. So, the hearer should be able to understand what a speaker means

if he says something implicitly. To understand what the speaker says, there is a set

of rules including conversational maxims in order to make language users to do

the effective communication.

The success of a conversation depends upon the various speakers' approach to

the interaction. The way in which people try to make conversations work is

sometimes called the cooperative principle. It can be understood partly by noting

those people who are not capable of making the conversation work. It may also

sometimes found deliberately useful to infringe or disregard as when we receive

an unwelcome call from a telephone salesperson, or · where we are being

interviewed by a police officer on suspicion of some terrible crime.

ln conversation, sometimes both the speaker and the hearer are uncooperative.

This is because of some factors, such as they can not catch the information

properly from their partner in conversation and sometimes they have an intention

to lie or hide the truth.

(12)

-2

In communicating information, sometimes speakers do not give the brief

information and make the hearers confused to catch the point of information. This

phenomenon is assumed also happens in talk shows. The interviewer is always

found to the point in delivering questions. But, there is no guarantee if the

interviewees will answet the questions briefly. Sometimes, they describe the

answer in complicated way. This will make the audiences confused and can not

catch the essential of the answer.

Therefore, philosopher Grice (1971) proposes four conversational maxi ms that

involve in the pragmatics of natural language. These mrus:ims are a way to explain

the link between utterances and what is understood from them in order. The

maxims are based on his cooperative principle, which states, 'Make your

conversational contribution such as it is required, at the stage at whlch it occurs,

by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are

engaged,' and is so called because listeners and speakers must speak

cooperatively and mutually accept one another to be understood in a particular

way. The principle describes how effective communication in conversation is

achleved in common social situations and is further broken down into the four

Maxims, namely Maxims of Quality, Quantity, Relevance and Manner.

Grice ( 1971 ) suggests the four conversational maxims govern that cooperation

in conversation is based on speakers and hearers using the following guidelines to

interpret the inferences necessary to make sense of conversation. But, they

sometimes break the rule of conversation, in tills case conversational maxim. In

(13)

..

3

quantity), not truthful (disobey maxim of quality), not relevant (disobey maxim of

relation), and not brief or ambiguous (disobey maxim of manner). This can cause

ineffective and uninformative communication.

The phenomenon of the conversational maxims also occurs in talk show.

Today, talk show programs spread in many Indonesian television channels, for

example "Bukan Empat Mata" on TV7, Just Alvin, and Kick Andy on Metro TV,

"Rossy" in Global TV. These kinds of program of course contain a lot of

conversation in communicating information. A talk show or chat show is a

television or radio program where one person (or group of people) will discuss

various topics put forth by a talk show host. In communicating each other, the

casts (interviewees) in the talk show often obey the maxims by giving informative

answer to what interviewer asks and violate them by giving uncooperative and

complicated answers during the talk or interview. The example of this

phenomenon can be seen in "Bukan Empat Mata" talk show by Tukul Arwana as

the host and Yuni Shara-Raffi Ahmad as the guests. In one episode about Jakarta

Anniversary (June, 2010). Tukul asked Yuni:

Tukul : Apa sih perbedaannya di Jakarta dengan karnpung kalian?

Yuni : Ya jelas beda lah ya. Dari segala macarn. Jadi jakarta itu sangat rnenghipnotis orang-orang urban, orang desa untuk datang. Se/ain karena gedungnya yg tinggi, rnenciptakan lapangan pekerjaan. Jadi banyak imp ian ten tang kota jakarta. Kayak saya ini ya udah 26 tahun tinggal di jakarta. Pertarna kali tinggal, saya shock Tinggal di gang sempit, pergi harus naik bus, kehidupan sulit lah di Jakarta.

In this conversation, Yuni did not answer the question at all. She did not

(14)

4

explained the reason why urban people come to Jakarta and her experience of

living in Jakarta. There is no relevancy between the question and her answer. So,

in this way, she violated the maxim of relevance. This violation will cause the

information is not well delivered to the audiences of the talk show. It makes them

confused to extract the relevancy between the question and the answer. It will

break the hope the interviewer and audiences to have the information. On the

other hand, the interviewee obeys the conversational maxims, the cooperative

communication will be built smoothly.

The example above makes the researcher curious to discover whether the

phenomena of conversational maxims occur in other talk show. In relation to this,

the researcher is interested in observing Kick Andy Talk Show on Metro TV wi th

Andy F. Noya as the host, because this program is one of the famous talk shows in

Indonesia. It is proved by Panasonic Awards in 2009 that Kick Andy was honored

as the favorite talk show by audience-polling. The researcher would like to find

out the occurrence of conversational maxim whether interviewees obey or disobey

them during the interview in Kick Andy Talk show. In this case, there are three

episodes to be analyzed.

1.2 The Research Problems of the Study

In accordance with the background of the study, the problems of the study are

formulated as follows:

1. What conversational maxims occur in Kick Andy Talk Show Program on

(15)

5

2. What is the difference between the three episodes of Kick Andy Talk

Show Program on Metro TV?

3. Why are the conversational maxims obeyed or violated by the

interviewees in Kick Andy Talk Show Program on Metro TV?

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

The objectives of study can be described as follows:

1. To find out the conversational maxims occur in Kick Andy Talk Show

Program on Metro TV

2. To find out the difference between three episodes of Kick Andy Talk

Show Program on Metro TV

3. To find out the reason of obedience and violation of conversational

maxims by the interviewees in Kick Andy Talk Show Program on Metro

TV

1.4 The Scope of the Study

Con.versational maxims occur not only in daily conversation, but also in

the interview program on television. The study is limited only in observing the

Conversational Maxims during the conversation of Kick Andy Talk Show

(16)

6

1.5 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study have two geneml significances, theoretical and

practical significances.

Theoretically, the results of this study are useful for:

l. the enrichment of knowledge for the university students who are interested

in studying pragmatics especially in conversational maxims

2. Those who want to carry out further study on conversational

Practically, the results of this study are useful for:

1. Interviewees and interviewers as a leading information to obey the rules of

conversational maxims during the interview

2. Speakers and hearers for having an etTective cooperation m daily

communication

(17)

58

CHAPTERV

CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

1. All Conversational Maxims such as the maxims of quantity, quality,

manner and relevance occur in Kick Andy Talk Show Program, but with

the exception of Lanjar case where there is no occurance of maxims of

quality in his statements.

2. Each episode has different phenomenon due to the maxims which are

obeyed and violated and the way of the interview obeying or violating the

maxims.

3. The reason of obedience of conversational maxims is the interviewees

still answer the question in corridor. The reason of the violation of

conversational maxims is because of the topics that raised by

interviewer. They influenced the way of thinking and exploring

answers of the interviewees.

5.2 Implications

1. Obeying the conversational maxuns m conversation is important for

creating an effective communication

2. Violating the conversational maxims can be the one of barriers m

(18)

59

3. The choice of conversation topics influence the way speakers and hearers

in delivering their statements.

5.3 Suggestions

1. In certain situation, people will face the difficulty to speak briefly and

communicate each other in intended purpose. Sometimes, people will fail

to catch the intention of their partner in conversation. It is suggested that in

exchanging information, people should be aware of catching the sjgnal of

the speaker and try to speak in the corridor that the speaker needs from the

listener.

to the interviewees, it is suggested to catch the signal of the interviewer by

correlating the question with the precise answer. To the interviewer, it is

suggested to raise the topic that is not contained of private matter and

confusing questions.

3. to other researchers who are interested in conversational maxims, it is

suggested to conduct a research on other field of observation, for example

drama script and novel. Since it is rarely seen that the conversational

maxims in written conversation observed.

___

,_...._...---·--·---·

...

MILIK

PERPUSTAKI~

;:\.1

11