POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN “KICK ANDY”
TALK SHOW PROGRAM ON METRO TV
Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
ENNI EFRIDA NASUTION Reg. Number: 8136112012
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
i ABSTRACT
Efrida Nasution, Enni. Politeness Strategies In “Kick Andy” Talk Show Program on Metro TV. A thesis: English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate School, State University of Medan. 2015.
ii ABSTRAK
Efrida Nasution, Enni. Politeness Strategies In “Kick Andy” Talk Show Program on Metro TV. A thesis: English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate School, State University of Medan. 2015.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful whom she would like to express her sincere gratitude, Allah the almighty who has given her blessing health, strength and patience in the process of completing this thesis which entitle Politeness Strategies in “Kick Andy” Talk Show Program on Metro TVas a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Magister Humaniora at the Postgraduate of English Applied Linguistics Program, State University of Medan.
This thesis would not also have been possible brought into existence without the help of a great many people. The writer would like to express her gratitude to Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M. Hum., her first and second adviser for their so generous assistance, guidance, advice, and precious time they spent on supervising and guiding this thesis.
The writer would also like to express her gratitude to the head of English Applied Linguistics Program, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M. Pd., her secretary, Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S and Farid who have assisted her in the process of administration requirement during the process of her study in the postgraduate program. Special thanks to the all lecturers of the English Applied Linguistics Program, State University of Medan who have given their valuable knowledge to her in their lectures.
Thanks are due to her proposal reviewers and examiners, Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd, Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S and Dr. Rahmad Husein, M. Ed, for their appropriate and helpful commentaries and constructive suggestions.
An un-expressible gratitude to her beloved parents, Nurhamidah Hasibuan and Ali Gusnar Nasution, for their love, patience, prays, and supports in keeping encouraging the writer to finish her study. This thesis is for you Ummi, Aby. Her sisters Murniany Nasution, S.Pd.I, Tnah Khoiroh Nasution and Baihaqi Nasution for their sincere and most reliable comfort, and above all, their love and support.
And the last, it is honor for her to convey thanks to her colleagues for their helps and supports. Special thanks to her beloved friends Luhut Martua Lubis, S.Pd., Dedi Arianto, Nurwidya Rizky Siregar, Nur Afni Nasution, Derliana Hsb and all my classmates B 1 LTBI 2013 for their motivation and support. Lastly, the writer offers her regards and blessings to all of those who supported her in any respect during the completion of this thesis. Thank you very much.
Medan, August 2015
The writer,
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CHAPTER III. THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 32
3.1 The Research Design ... 32
3.2 The Data and Data Source ... 32
3.3 The Technique of Data Collection ... 33
3.4 The Technique of Data Analysis ... 34
v
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, FINDING, AND DISCUSSIO .... 39
vi
CHAPETR V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 83
5.1 Conclusions ... 83
5.2 Suggestions ... 84
REFERENCES ... 85
vii
Table The List of Tables Pages
1 The List Of Episode in Kick Andy Program ... 33
2 The Occurances of Politeness Strategies
Used by the Interviewee in episode I ... 47
3 The Occurances of Politeness Strategies
Used by the Interviewee in episode II ... 54
4 The Occurances of Politeness Strategies
Used by the Interviewee in episode III ... 60
5 The Recapitulation of Politeness Strategies
Used by All Interviewees in
three different episodes... 61
viii
List of Figures Pages
Figure I. Possible Strategies for Doing FTAs... 15
Figure 2. Communicating Schema in a Talk show ... 27
ix
List of Appendices Pages
Appendix 1.Transcriptions of Data Collection from
Kick Andy Program in Three Different Episodes ... 89
Appendix 2. All Interviewees’ Utterances in three
Different Episodes in Kick Andy
Before Doing data Reduction ... 129 Appendix 3. The List of Interviewees’ Utterances After Doing Data
Reduction in Three Different Episodes ... 154
Appendix 4. The Data Display from Result of Selecting, Focusing,
Simplifying, and Transforming the
Interviewees’ Utterances Belong to
the Types of Politeness Strategies Based on
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1The Background of the Study
Language is used for conveying the message from the speaker to the listener
in communication. In daily communication, people have their own way to convey
their intention to the listener. To say one intention, people can say it in different
way of communication. Holmes (1992:4) stated that language provides a variety
of ways of saying the same thing. It means that in expressing the same thing,
someone can say it in different ways.
Regarded to Holme’s statement above, there are some factors that can
influence to the way of speakers and listeners in speaking is called politeness.
Furthermore, social distance, power, and ranking of imposition that influence to
the politeness strategy of someone speak in the conversation (Brown and
Levinson, 1987). Then, Yule (1996) stated that getting other’s trust in
conversation, showing up knowledge, avoiding a confrontation and a deep
evaluation are the reasons as well to make people speak differently. Another
factor relating to differences in communicative styles is gender, based on the idea
that men and women are different in their language. One of the differences is that
women are said to be more polite than men. According to Speer (2002:347),
women have a higher tendency than men to apply politeness strategies in their
speech such as the use of more compliments, more apologies, and more thanks.
Hobbs (2003:243) notes that when talking with same sex peers, women will use
2
many positive politeness strategies. On the other hand, men in similar
circumstances do not show this tendency.
Thus, language and politeness are two unseparated things, it has close
relationship in term of communication. Because in term of communication, when
people want to communicate with others of course s/he uses a language and s/he
has to consider the way they communicate, they have to consider the term of
politeness in language.
In the study of language and politeness, there are numerous studies that have
described and raised many issues on the different strategies in their way of
speaking. The way of people to make communication comfortably is known
politeness strategies. Hence, Thomas (1983: 92) proposes politeness is a part of
pragmatics. An individual’s linguistic competence consist of grammatical
competence and pragmatic competence. According to Yule (1996:112), the study
of what speakers mean or “speakers meaning” called Pragmatics. In line with this,
the speaker meaning deals with the utterance in communication. Communication
clearly depends on not only recognizing the meaning of words in an utterances but
recognizing what speakers mean by their utterances. In other word, if we want to
know the politeness of a speaker’s utterance, we also have to study the meaning of
the utterance. The principle of politeness is to make all the parties relaxed and
comfortable with one another in common social situation and is further Brown
and Levinson (1987) broken down into four strategies of politeness, namely Bald
on Record, Positive Politeness, Negative Politeness, and Off Record Politeness
3
The aim of investigating this study is to find out the types of politeness
strategies usage, and to find out of their reasons they way they do. Further, as
Brown and Levinson (1987: 74) consider a number of variables which might
affect the politeness strategies, such as power, distance, and rank of imposition. It
has been proven by Peng (2012) in her research found that positive and negative
politeness strategies are mainly used by college teachers in EFL classrooms,
which shows the teacher of this research is highly aware of politeness and have
high level of English proficiency. Whereas according to Holmes (1995), there are
three dimensions which have proved useful in analysing linguistic politeness,
namely “solidarity- social dimension, the power dimension, and the formality
dimension. Therefore, power, distance, and rank of imposition are important in
determining politeness strategies.
Indeed, the phenomenon above is available in Western Culture. However, it
could be that the same happening also occurs in Indonesian setting. The setting
itself refers to a situation where the happening happens. It can be in many forms
including in program of television. In terms of television program, there are many
programs offered by the television station to its watchers. One of these television
programs is Kick Andy Talk Show Program. It is broadcasted in Metro TV.
Kick Andy is a television talk show program on Metro TV that is highly
qualified and very educational. This program always has the invited guests who
are competent, informant, and has a smart host, named Andy F. Noya. This event
gives a lot of dedications and also information about many important things and
provide motivation for the Indonesian people to keep the spirit face despite any
4
give us inspiration in order our life will be better. Then this program is a unique
one because at the end of each episode the host (Andy F. Noya) gives the free
book to all audiences in accordance to the topic discussion itself and give souvenir
to the guest that present in that show. This program also discusses many different
topics such as politics, entertainment, economy, social, life relationship,
education, and spiritual topic. Thus, in this research, the researcher will
investigate on three episodes such as, “Basuki Tjahaya Purnama”, “Korupsi di
Indonesia”, and “Jadi Guru, ya Harus kreatif”.
In this Talk Show which has three elements, such as the host (interviewer),
the guest (interviewee), audience, and raise certain topic to discuss each other,
where all those elements involved in the discussion during the program. Further,
this talk show always invite the guest that related to the topic will be discussed.
Therefore, the speaker and listener discuss certain topic in each episode in order
the audience catch the information clearly.
Both of the speakers and listeners, however, used one of the types of
politeness strategies. The speakers and listeners are comfortable as required (used
Bald on record strategy), relevant class of other (used positive politeness
strategy), there is redressive action in saying something (used the negative
politeness) and indirect way of saying something (used off record politeness
strategy). This is due to some reasons, for example, the information cannot be
caught properly, intention to lie, and deliberately for jokes or humors.
In communicating each other, the guest (interviewees) in talk show often
5
asks in talk show. In line with this, the researcher will give the example of this
phenomenon and choose the Episode “Basuki Tjahaya Purnama or Ahok” (Agust.
29, 2014). Then, in that talk show the guest used one of the type of politeness
strategy namely off record strategy. Thus, the example can be seen as follow:
Andy : Sesuatu yang baru, memang di rapat-rapat internal, anda kemudian unggah di youtube, itu bisa semua orang melihat termasuk ketika anda memarah-marahi anak buah anda, atau bawahan anda, awalnya keren tapi ada sebagian orang sudah merasa bahwa apakah ini bukan hal yang salah, kenapa begitu? Karena orang yang anda marah-marahin itu walaupun di kantor adalah bawahan anda, dia kan punya istri, punya anak, punya keluarga, apakah itu tidak mempermalukan keluarga mereka juga, apakah itu sudah anda pikirkan?. (U36)
(Something new, in internal meetings, then you upload on youtube, it can everyone see included when you blow up your employee, or your official, initially cool but there are some people already feel that it is not wrong thing , why is it? Because the person you are angry-mad, even though in the office is your official, he's got a wife, have children, have a family, if it does not embarrass their families as well, have you been thought it?)
6
The responses of Ahok in his utterances uses off-record strategy. Andy in
his utterance asks about the reason and opinion of Ahok about the youtube video
about his angry to his employee in the meeting. Ahok responds with other
sentences which give indirect answer to Andy’s question. Ahok’s answer is
realize off-record strategy and it can occur since Ahok answered the question
indirect way. It is used to avoid the inescapable accountability, the responsibility
for his action. And also it breaks the hope the interviewer and audiences to have
the information.
Another example in Episode “Jadi Guru, ya Harus Kreatif” on May, 09,
2014, and the guest is Sarah Suaib Hanafi (SS). In this interview, the interviewer
ask the interviewee (guest) about his profession. It can be seen as follow:
Andy : Ok. Kalau guru formal itu sudah berapa lama?(U10)
(Ok. How long have you been a formal teacher?)
SS : Kalau guru formal saya mengajar sejak tahun 98.(U11)
(if a formal teacher, I have been taught since 98 years).
Andy : Ooo, sejak tahun 98. Tidak pernak keluar atau tidak mau melamar pekerjaan lain?.(U12)
(Oooo, since 98 years. Never go out or do not want to apply for other jobs?
SS : Pingin jadi artis sih, tapi gak ada yang mau ngontrak.(U13)
(I want to be an Artist, but nobody to contract me.
Based on the example above, we know that Sarah’s answer applied positive
politeness strategy. Andy in his utterance asks about her career or her profession.
7
kontrak”.And it can occur since Sarah Suaib want to make Joke or Humor. It
breaks the hope the interviewer and audiences to have clear answer.
Based on the utterances of the interviewees above, it can be seen the
interviewees in this study such as episode ‘Basuki Tjahaya Purnama’ give the
answer indirect way which is Basuki uses off record since he may wants to avoid
the inescapable accountability, the responsibility for his action . And also for the
guest in ‘Episode Jadi Guru, ya harus kreatif’‘as the guest is Sarah Suaib
Hanafi’s answer the question of Andy F. Noya by joking. Sarah Suaib in this
conversation uses positive politeness strategy since she wants to make joke or
humor. This makes the listener not take it seriously when the speaker does an
FTA. Therefore, every guests have different reasons in using the types of
politeness strategies in three different Episodes.
Thus, based on the phenomena mentioned above, this study tries to find out
the usage of the types of politeness strategies by the interviewees in three different
episodes during the show in Kick Andy talk Show Program on Metro TV.
1.2 The Problems of the Study
In relation to the background of the study, the problems of the study was
formulated in the following questions:
1. What types of politeness strategies are used by the interviewees in Kick
Andy Talk Show Program on Metro TV?
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1.3 The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study can be described as follows:
1. To find out the types of politeness strategies used by the interviewees in
Kick Andy Talk Show Program on Metro TV.
2. To investigate the reasons of they do it the way they do.
1.4The Scope of the Study
As stated in the previous explanation that politeness strategies can occur
not only in daily communication but also in the talk show program on television
as well. And this study attempts to find out the usage the types of politeness
strategies in three different episodes namely; Ahok; Mr. Governor, Korupsi di
Indonesia, and Jadi Guru, Ya Harus Kreatif, in Kick Andy Talk Show Program
on Metro TV which shown by the interviewees. The aspects will be observed are
the usage, and the reasons of interviewees in using the types of politeness
9
1.5 The Significance of the Study
The findings of the study have two general significances, theoretical and
practical significances.
Theoretically, the findings of this research are useful for:
1. As a reference for the university students who are interested in studying
pragmatics and interested in conducting any further research in politeness
strategies.
2. Development studies on communication principle about communication
comfortably which is known as politeness strategies.
Practically, the results of this research are useful for:
1. The enrichment of Linguistics knowledge of the university students in the
field of Pragmatics especially in politeness strategies.
2. For speakers and listeners in daily communication. By obeying politeness
strategies, they have a comfortable situation in communication. Then, they
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion
Having analyzed the data in Kick Andy talk show program, the conclusions
were drawn as the following:
(1) All types of politeness strategies were used in Kick Andy talk show
program, but the proportion of their occurrences is not equal. Positive
politeness strategies was the type of politeness strategy dominantly used
by all interviewees in three different episodes in Kick Andy talk show
program, while off record politeness strategies was not used in episode III
with topic (field) “Jadi Guru, ya Harus Kreatif”.
(2) Positive politeness strategy was used since the interviewees want to build
the solidarity, familiarity, and friendship, and also to recognize H’s
positive face want and he also has the same want so that they can feel
relax in conversation. While new finding out of Brown’s and Levinson’s
theory that the usage of positive politeness strategy since they want to
make a joke or humor, and also the usage off record strategy since the
interviewee wants to avoid a deep evaluation. It happened since this show
broadcasted on television station.
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5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are offered to the following:
(1) The lecturers of sociolinguistics to introduce the theory of politeness
strategis to their students so that it can be trigger for the students to
conduct a research related to the field.
(2) The speaker or listener to understand the usage of politeness strategies
particularly the four types of politeness strategies in order to make the
communication is relax and comfortable.
(3) Other researchers to conduct further research about the types of politeness
strategies in different episodes used by interviewees in order to know the
different significant from the previous utterances and to enrich the theory
85
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