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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful, she would like to express her sincere gratitude to Allah the Almighty who has given her blessing health, strength and patience in the process of her study until completing this thesis with the title Metaphor of Modality in Mata Najwa Talk Show as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Magister Humaniora at the Postgraduate of English Applied Linguistics Program, State University of Medan.
This thesis would not also have been possible brought into existence
The writer would also like to express her gratitude to the head of English Applied Linguistics Program, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed., and the secretary, Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S. and the staff, Farid Ma’ruf who have assisted her in the process of administration requirement during the process of her study in the postgraduate program. Then, her thanks to all the lecturers of the English Applied Linguistics Program, State University of Medan who have given their valuable knowledge to her in their lectures, especially to Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D. who inspires the writer.
Thanks also are due to her proposal reviewers and thesis examiners, Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S, and Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd. for their appropriate and helpful commentaries and constructive suggestions.
The inexpressible gratitude to her beloved parents, Murnisyah and Muhammad Alinafia, for their love, patience, prayer, and support in encouraging the writer until finishing her study. This thesis is for you, Mom. Then to her brothers, Vicky Yoga, Yogi Hansari and the youngest sister Sofia Handayani and all families for their love, sincerity, prayer and support.
A very special thanks to the chief of Yayasan Al Iman STKIP “Tapanuli Selatan” Padangsidimpuan, Syahrul Hadi Lubis for his support, help, and motivation from beginning until finishing her study.
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friends whom she can not mention one by one for their love, sincerity, prayers, support and help to the writer until finishing her study. She loves you all.
Then, special thanks to Mam Nurhafni Srg, S.Pd., M.Hum and Mam Linny Rustina S.Pd., M.Hum who have given many valuable things such as support, suggestions and help to the writer until finishing her study.
The last, the writer offers her regards and thanks to all of her friends in UNIMED especially LTBI UNIMED 2014, friends and students in STKIP “Tapanuli Selatan” Padangsidimpuan, sisters in Perjuangan Medan, PMTS travel and all of those who have supported her from beginning until finishing her study, especially during the completion of this thesis. Thank you very much. May Allah bless us.
Medan, March 2016 The writer
iii ABSTRACT
Pricilia, Gabby Maureen. Metaphor of Modality in Mata Najwa Talk Show. A thesis: English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate School, State University of Medan 2016.
iv ABSTRAK
Pricilia, Gabby Maureen. Metafora Modalitas dalam Program Mata Najwa. Tesis: Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Medan 2016.
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2.2.1 Grammatical Metaphor ... 10
2.2.2 Ideational Metaphor ... 11
2.2.3 Interpersonal Metaphor ... 13
2.3. Metaphor of Mood ... 14
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2.4.6 The Way of Using Metaphor of Modality Orientation in
Mata Najwa Talk Show ... 35
2.4.7 The Context of Using Metaphor of Modality in Mata Najwa Talk Show ... 37
3.4Procedures of Data Collection ... 51
3.5The Technique of Data Analysis ... 52
3.6Trustworthiness of The Study ... 57
CHAPTER IV ... 61
DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 61
4.1 Data Analysis ... 61
4.1.1 Orientation of Modality in Mata Najwa talk show ... 61
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 The Values of Modality... 27
Tabel 2.2 The Orientation and The Types of Modality ... 30
Tabel 4.1 Orientation of Modality in Mata Najwa Talk Show ... 62
Tabel 4.2 Process of Metaphor of Modality in Mata Najwa Talk Show ... 70
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LIST OF FIGURES
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1The Background of the Study
Language is a way which enables humans to express their thoughts,
ideas, and feelings. By using language they fulfill their daily needs, represent,
exchange and organize their experiences. The experiences are exchanged in
daily interaction for example in talk shows which are presented through
television.
Talk show is a program in which at least one host and one guest who
act as the interviewee are having conversation concerning a certain topic. A
talk show or known also as chat show is a program where one person (or
group of people) will discuss various topics which are leaded by a talk show
host (Timberg, 2002: 5). There are many talk shows which discuss interesting
topics such as Mata Najwa, Indonesia Lawyer Club and Apa KabarIndonesia
on TV One, Kick Andy and Mario Teguh on Metro TV, Hitam Putih on
Trans 7, BukaBukaan on RCTI and still many others.
One of interesting and popular talk shows is Mata Najwa, which is
aired on Metro TV. This program always discusses crucial problem, current
issue such as politics, entertainment, and education and has the invited guests
who are competent as informants. It has succeeded to achieve several honors
and appreciations nationally and internationally. In 2010, it was nominated in
The 15th Asian Television Awards for “Best Current Affair Program”
category. In 2011, it got Dompet Dhuafa Award as inspiring talk show and
also Mata Najwa Talk Show Program is also has been 3 years to be “Most
2
Recommended Brand” by SWA Magazine. In 2013 Mata Najwa is one of the
nominations in Panasonic Gobel Awards as the favorite talk show by polling
of TV watchers. Then, in 2011 and 2014, Mata Najwa was succeeded to
achieve KPI Award as “Best Talk Show” category
(http://www.matanajwa.com/read/about).
Unlike most talk shows aired on television, Mata Najwa often
provides semiformal situation that causes speakers to pay more attention to
the way they use language to convey and modalize the messages to be
accepted by the listeners. When the speakers want to modalize their
messages, they have to make selections in the modality system.
That is true that Kreidler (1998:299) states that people talk about
factual matters, what is true and what is not true, what has happened and what
has no happened but we also talk about what may be true or not, what ought
to be, what certain individual are capable of and what is impossible for them,
what obligations we have to do or to refrain from doing. All these notions
together constitute modality.
Then, according to Huang (2001: 79) states that mood and modality
are significant parts in the interpersonal function with the former expressing
the speaker‟s purpose to be achieved with his speech and being a semantic
system expressing the speaker‟s judgment or evaluation which covers the
field between “yes” and “no”. In addition Halliday (1994: 89) defines
modality as the speaker‟s judgments of probabilities, or the obligation
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between positive and negative polarity where the area of meaning between
yes or no lies.
In the framework of systemic functional linguistics, modality is
important since modality pay significant attention to the utterances used to
convey the desirability meanings by speakers, expressing their ideas,
intentions, attitudes, and positions to their addresses. Modality can tell us how
a person feels about what they are telling us, their stance or attitude, whether
they are assertive or tentative, how committed or how detached they are and
other crucial aspects of interpersonal meaning.
As for the ordinary people in communications, the choice of different
modality will give others different impression, which influences the chance of
a successful communication. The orientation of modality is the way the
speaker to express the modality. They can be subjective or objective and can
be implicit or explicit. Modal clearly serve to encode a position of the speaker
with respect to the propositional content of the clause either in terms of
commitment to probability or possibility, or in terms of commitment to
obligation or permission.
In conveying messages through spoken language in talk show,
language users often say it metaphorically or incongruently. This is to say that
metaphor has become so basic in a media that the participants in the talk
show consciously or unconsciously, speak in a metaphorical fashion. Surely,
this will affect on the listeners understanding in comprehending the messages.
As Halliday (1994: 349) stated that the factor that perhaps tends most
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text is spoken or written; speech and writing are rather different in their
patterns of metaphoric usage. It means that by this, metaphor will result in the
complexity of the information conveyed by the speaker to listener.
Metaphors of modality diverge from the congruent pattern in that,
here, a modal meaning is construed outside the proposition that is being
modally assessed. It can be seen from what Halliday (1994) claims that modal
meanings are most congruently expressed by modal elements in the clause,
i.e. modal operators and adjuncts (certainly, probably and the like).
In communication especially in talk show, when the host or
interviewee wants to convey his/her attitude toward the proposition, he/she
often make the source of “modal responsibility” explicitly subjective for
instance, the forms such as I think and I suppose that can be employed
metaphorically. These forms are metaphorical because a modality that would
usually be realized either as a finite modal operator or as an adjunct
(congruent realizations) in fact gets realized as a clause (Eggins, 1994:181). It
shows that metaphor of modality orientation is used to foreground speakers‟
subjectivity get the successful communication.
The phenomenon of metaphor of modality often occurs in Mata
Najwa talk show when speaker conveys his or her messages and judgment
about an issue to the listeners. It can be found in the conversation between
Najwa as the host and politician as the interviewee in Mata Najwa talk show
in episod “Mencari Pendekar KPK” 3 Juni 2015.
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termasuk yang meragukan tidak,Bang? (In the beginning we have introduced the Committee of Election. I know there are some friends in Member of Representative are doubtful to the queen of this committee. Are you include?
Trimedia Panjaitan : Pertama, jujur saya surprise. Saya tidak menyangka yang muncul nama ini bahkan perempuan semua. Pikiran saya apa yang sebelumnya muncul para penggiat anti korupsi bahkan yang termasuk sembilan nama ini. (Firstly I was surprised. I did not supposed the appearance of the name, all is woman. My thought, the people who concern in anti-corruption will appear even include these nine names).
In expression (1) between Najwa and Trimedia Panjaitan, the clause
‘saya tahu’ by Najwa is realized as the metaphor of modality since Najwa
eembodies modality into a projecting clause by employing subjective explicit
to express her judgment. Then in the expression of Trimedia Panjaitan, the
clause ‘saya surprise’ is realized as the metaphor of modality since he wants
to show hisuncertainty about the issueinto a projecting clause by employing
subjective explicit orientation. Also in clause „pikiran saya’ it shows his
strong belief, his judgment metaphorically by employing subjective explicit
orientation.
From the example as described above, it can be seen that phenomenon
of metaphor of modality found in Mata Najwa talk show since the host and
politicians and other speakers in political context have different ways to exert
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is needed in communication to foreground the subjectivity and objectivity in
delivering judgments or explanation about an issue.
Therefore, based on the phenomenon mentioned above, the researcher
is interested in investigating metaphor of modality orientation in Mata Najwa
talk show on Metro TV.
1.2 The Problems of the Study
Based on the background above, the following questions were
forwarded as the research problems:
1. What are the metaphor of modality orientation found in Mata Najwa
talk show on Metro TV?
2. How are the the metaphor of modality orientation realized in Mata
Najwa talk show on Metro TV?
3. In what context are metaphor of modality found?
1.3The Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problems, the objectives of the study are:
1. To find out the the metaphor of modality orientation in Mata Najwa
talk show on Metro TV.
2. To find out how the metaphor of modality orientation are realized in
Mata Najwa talk show on Metro TV.
3. To find out in what context metaphor of modality found in Mata
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1.4The Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is limited into the metaphor of modality in
Mata Najwa talk show on Metro TV program which are shown by the
interviewees.
There are three aspects which observed in this study. The metaphor
of modality are found in Mata Najwa talk show on Metro TV program, the
types, orientation of metaphor of modality in Mata Najwa talk show on
Metro TV program and the context of using metaphor of modality in Mata
Najwa talk show on Metro TV program.
This study applies the concept theories of the systemic functional
linguistics (SFL) proposed by Halliday. This analysis is pointed to
investigate the metaphor of modality in Mata Najwa talk show on Metro
TV program that interviewees uses to express their judgment.
1.5The Significances of the Study
A study which is designed to cover some intended result should
have the significances. The findings of this study have two general
significances, theoretical and practical significances.
Theoretically, the findings of this study are useful for:
1. The enrichment of linguistic knowledge in the field of discourse analysis
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2. The results of the study are expected to display the relationship between
systems of metaphor of modality as the context of interpersonal metaphor is
applied.
Practically, the findings of this study are useful for:
1. As a reference for the university students who are interested in
studying discourse and interested in conducting any further studies in
metaphor of modality.
2. For speakers and listeners in daily conversation, they can realize the
metaphor of modality to express judgment to avoid misunderstanding
in daily communication and to make the communication is successful.
3. For teachers in expanding the insights in terms of metaphor of
modality and its application in the TV program.
4. The readers, especially for the students of English Department, the
results of the study can be purposed to introduce them metaphor of
modality and its application in the TV program.
5. Other researchers to conduct other research on the basis SFL in which
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
Having analyzed the data, the conclusions are drawn as the following.
(1) The modality orientation used in Mata Najwa talk show is subjective implicit, objective implicit, subjective explicit, and objective explicit. (2) The ways of using metaphor of modality in Mata Najwa talk show are
by using projecting clause, nominalization the modality and preposition.
(3) The use of modality in Mata Najwa talk show is highly dependent on the context of situation, here is the tenor.
5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions above, suggestions are staged as the following.
(1) It is suggested that the students of English Department should be careful in choosing modality if they want to be more persuasive for the audience. As for the ordinary people in communications, the choice of different modality will give others different impression, which influences the chance of a successful communication.
(2) It is suggested that other researcher do further research about metaphor of modality in different discourse for example language teaching in
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order to know the different significances from the previous discourses and it can be more intensively described.
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