THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SPEAKING RECOUNT TEXT OF THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 1 KUDUS IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
BETWEEN COOPERATIVE AND COMPETITIVE LEARNING
By:
RIZA ZAUHATUL MUNIROH NIM 200832302
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
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THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SPEAKING RECOUNT TEXT OF THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 1 KUDUS IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
BETWEEN COOPERATIVE AND COMPETITIVE LEARNING
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in English Education
By:
RIZA ZAUHATUL MUNIROH NIM 200832302
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
Never scared to be alone, since lonely is never.
Weakness and lonely are fools, and fools will only lead to mistakes and sins. The true happiness is when you fully fill your heart with love until there is
no any single spot for hate.
DEDICATION:
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ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Sarjana Skripsi of Riza Zauhatul Muniroh has been approved by the thesis advisors for further approval by the examining committee.
Kudus, September 29 2012 Advisor I
Dr. A. Hilal Madjdi, M. Pd. NIS. 0610713020001020
Advisor II
Diah Kurniati, S. Pd, M. Pd. NIS. 06107010000011901
Acknowledged by the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
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EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Riza Zauhatul Muniroh, NIM: 200832302 has been approved by the Examining Committee as a requirement for the Sarjana Degree in Teaching of ENGLISH as Foreign Language.
Kudus, September 29 2012 Thesis Examining Committee:
Dr. A. Hilal Madjdi, M. Pd. Chair person/ Member NIS. 0610713020001020
Diah Kurniati, S. Pd., M. Pd. Member NIS. 06107010000011901
Nuraeningsih, M. Pd. Member NIS. 061071000001201
Ahsi Riyono, S. S., M. Hum., Member NIS. 0610701000001160
Acknowledged by the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
For the very first, the researcher thanks to the Almighty, King of the Universe, Allah SWT who always gives blessing, strength, and guardian to the writer, so finally she is able to complete this skripsi. Secondly, the writer does not forget to say Sholawat and Salam to the most glorious human in the world and hereafter, Muhammad SAW, the true hero and idol.
Finishing this skripsi, the writer would like to express a great gratitude to: 1. My beloved parents who always give me love, prayer, and support.
2. My all family in Mayong, Pekalongan, and Pati.
3. Mr. Susilo Rahardjo, M. Pd. as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty who has given the guidance for this last project
4. Mrs. Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M. Pd. as the head of English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty for motivating and supporting the writer.
5. Dr. A. Hilal Madjdi, the first advisor for his wise guidance and suggestion from the first up to the last time of this skripsi completion.
6. Mrs. Diah Kurniati, S. Pd., M. Pd who has given constructive critics and guidance in finishing this skripsi.
7. The chosen one whom I love and who love me for his pray, care, favor and everything he dedicated to my success in the past and present of my lifetime, Raden Panji Subrata.
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and sisters of BEM FKIP 2009/2010 (BF2), BEM FKIP 2010/2011, 2011/2012, and the newest 2012/2013 and all friends in English Education Department who support me.
9. All lectures of English Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty who have taught and educated the students well during studying in University of Muria Kudus.
10. The Headmaster of SMP N 1 Kudus who has given permission to the researcher to hold and do the research to his students as the sample.
11. Miss Nurul Azkya as the English teacher of SMP N 1 Kudus who kindly gave permission, help and time supporting and facilitating this research, and the eighth grade students who were willingly following the treatments.
Consciously, the researcher admits that this skripsi is far from perfectness and has some weaknesses. Therefore, the researcher hopes constructive criticisms and suggestions for better condition. Finally, in the name of Allah, and by the deepest thanks to our God, the researcher pray wallahul muwafiq ilaa aqwamith thariq, may Allah always guide us to the best way of our life in the world and hereafter.
Kudus, September 20 2012
ix ABSTRACT
Muniroh, Riza Zauhatul. 2012. The Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013: A Comparative Study between Cooperative and Competitive Learning. Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisors: (i) Dr. A. Hilal Madjdi, M. Pd., (ii) Diah Kurniati, S. Pd., M. Pd.
Key words: cooperative learning, competitive learning, speaking recount text achievement, eighth grade students of SMP N 1 Kudus
Experts mention that there are three patterns of human interaction: competitive, cooperative, and individualistic. In the education world, cooperation and competition also become models of students‟ learning. Cooperative learning is seen as an effective way that gives positive effects to the students learning. this, our national education curriculum is designed to such cooperative learning. Vice-versa, competitive learning is argued to cause many negative effects to it. However, the researcher finds that the condition of Indonesian school today tends to keep applying competition. This gap leads the researcher initiate this study. On the other hand, speaking is judged as the most demanded skill in mastering English. Good speaking is not just the matter of producing oral language continuously. However, genre-based speaking is important to produce systematic, chronologic, and thematic speech. Hence, those can be found in recount as one form of genres that becomes the learning material for junior high school students. This research comparing cooperative and competitive learning on its effect to the students‟ academic achievement is aimed to answer a question whether there is or not a significant difference of speaking recount text achievement of the eighth grade students of SMP N 1 Kudus in the academic year 2012/2013 between structured in cooperative and competitive learning. In this quantitative experimental research, the researcher applies the two learning models to two homogenous groups of students as the treatment. The data are gotten from students‟ score of the speaking test using picture-cued story telling procedure administered to both groups.
The data analysis shows that the cooperative class performs better result than the competitive class with the mean score of the experimental group, 80,7 and the standard deviation is 5,16. Otherwise, the mean score of the control group is 74,8 and the standard deviation is 7,1. The test calculation finds that t-observation (t0) is 3,58 while the t-table (tt) on the degree of freedom (df) 54 and the level of significant 0,05 is 2,000.
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ABSTRAKSI
Muniroh, Riza Zauhatul. 2012. Prestasi dalam Berbicara ‘Recount Text’ Siswa Kelas VIII SMP N 1 Kudus Tahun Ajaran 2012/2013: Sebuah Penelitian Komparatif antara Pembelajaran Kerjasama dan Persaingan. Skripsi. Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas keguruan dan ilmu pendidikan, universitas muria kudus. pembimbing: (i) Dr. A. Hilal Madjdi, M. Pd., (ii) Diah Kurniati, S. Pd., M. Pd.
Key words: pembelajaran kerjasama, pembelajaran persaingan, berbicara „recount text‟, siswa kelas VIII SMP N 1 Kudus
Para ahli menyebutkan, ada tiga pola interaksi manusia: persaingan, kerjasama, dan individu. Dalam dunia pendidikan, kerjasama dan persaingan juga menjadi model pembelajaran bagi siswa. Pembelajaran kerjasama dipandang sebagai cara yang efektif yang memberikan banyak efek positif pada pembelajaran siswa. Dalam hal ini, kurikulum pendidikan nasional kita didesain menyerupai pembelajaran kooperatif. Sebaliknya, pembelajaran persaingan dipandang menyebabkan banyak efek negatif. Akan tetapi, penulis menemukan kenyataan bahwa sekolah di Indonesia sekarang ini masih menerapkan system persaingan. Kesenjangan tersebut menuntun penulis menginisiasi riset ini. Di sisi lain, berbicara dianggap sebagai keterampilan yang paling penting dalam menguasai Bahasa Inggris. Berbicara yang baik bukan hanya soal memproduksi bahasa lisan secara lancar. Akan tetapi, berbicara berbasis jenis text adalah penting untuk menghasilkan bahasa lisan yang sistematis, kronoligis, dan tematis. Ini dapat ditemukan dalam teks recount sebagai salah satu bentuk jenis teks yang menjadi materi pembelajaran bagi siswa SMP.
Penelitian yang membandingkan pembelajaran kerjasama dan persaingan dalam hal efeknya terhadap prestasi akademik siswa ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan apakah ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam prestasi berbicara teks recount siswa kelas VIII SMP N 1 Kudus tahun ajaran 2012/2013 antara diajar menggunakan pembelajaran kerjasama dan persaingan. Dalam penelitian eksperimen quantitatif ini, peneliti menerapkan kedua model pembelajaran tersebut pada dua kelompok siswa yang homogen sebagai perlakuan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil test berbicara siswa menggunakan prosedur bercerita dengan petunjuk gambar yang diterapkan pada kedua kelompok di atas setelah menyelesaikan enam kali pertemuan pemberian perlakuan.
Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kelompok eksperimen menampilkan hasil yang lebih baik dari pada kelompok control dengan nilai rata-tara kelompok eksperimen 80,7 dan simpangan baku 5,16. Sedangkan, skor rata-rata kelompok control 74,8 dan simpangan baku 7,1. Penghitungan tes menemukan bahwa t-observasi (t0) 3,58 sedangkan t-tabel (tt) pada derajad kebebasan (df) 54 dan level ketepatan 0,05 adalah 2,000.
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LIST OF APPENDICES………...
Page
1.1 Background of the Research……….. 1.2 Statement of the Problem……….. 1.3Objective of the Research……….. 1.4 Significance of the Research………. 1.5 Limitation of the Research……… 1.6 Operational Definition ………... CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE AND
HYPOTHESIS
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2.1.1 Types of Speaking………...………... 2.1.2 Testing Speaking Skill………
2.2 Recount Text……….
2.3 Cooperative Learning………
2.3.1 Theories Underlying Cooperative Learning………...
2.3.1.1 Ausubel‟s Theory: Meaningful Learning………..…….
2.3.1.2 Piaget‟s Theory: Cognitive Development………...
2.3.1.3 Vygotskys‟s Theory: Sociocultural……….
2.3.2 Cooperative learning in the Classroom………..
2.3.2.1 Methods of Cooperative Learning………...………
2.3.2.2 Techniques of cooperative learning………..………..
2.3.3 Problems in Applying Cooperative Learning………..………..
2.4 Competitive Learning…...……….
2.4.1 Theories Underlying Competitive Learning: Darwin‟s Evolution Theory
2.4.2 Competitive Learning in the Classroom……….
2.4.2.1 Methods of Competitive Learning………..
2.4.3 Problems in Applying Competitive Learning……….
2.5 Review of Previous Research………....
2.6 Theoretical Framework………..
2.7 Hypothesis……….
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1 Design of the Research………...
3.2 Population and Sample………...
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3.3 Instrument of the Research……… 3.3.1 Test……….
3.3.2 Validity and Reliability………..
3.4 Data Collection ……….
3.5 Data Analysis……….
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING
4.1Finding of the Research………. 4.1.1 The Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth
Grade Students in Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Cooperative Learning………. 4.1.2 The Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth
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Grade Students in Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Competitive Learning………... 5.3 The Significant Difference of the Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth Grade Student in the Academic Year 2012/2013 between Structured in Cooperative and Competitive Learning. CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion……….……….………...
6.2 Suggestion……….……….……….…………..………
BIBLIOGRAPHY……….……….………...………... APPENDICES……….……….………..…………... STATEMENT………..
CURRICULUM VITAE……….……….………... 63
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xvi Comparison between Cooperative and Competitive Learning……… The First Daily Test Mean Scores of the Classes of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013………. The Speaking Test Scoring Categories According to Brown
(2004)……….
Score Criteria of KKM of SMP N 1 Kudus for English Subject The Score of the Test Measuring the Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Cooperative Learning………. The Frequency Distribution of the Score of the Test Measuring the Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Cooperative Learning………... The Score of the Test Measuring the Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Competitive Learning………. Frequency Distribution of the Score of the Test Measuring the Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Competitive Learning………... The Summary of the Analyzes of Test Score of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eight Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Cooperative and Competitive Learning………... The Points of Significant Differences of Cooperative and Competitive Learning Found during the Learning Process…...
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Figure 2.1 Figure 3.1 Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Tabesh Competitive Method……….. Experimental Research Design using Control Group without
Pre-Test………..
The Bar Diagram of the Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Cooperative Learning………. The Bar Diagram of the Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Competitive Learning……….
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Kudus Eighth Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Competitive Learning……... The Calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation of the Test Scores Measuring the Achievements of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Cooperative
Learning………. The Calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation of the Test Scores Measuring the Achievements of Speaking Recount Text of SMP N 1 Kudus Eighth Grade Students in the Academic Year 2012/2013 when Structured in Competitive
Learning………. The T-Test of the Mean Scores of the Test Measuring the Achievement of Speaking Recount Text of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1 Kudus in the Academic Year 2012/2013 Structured in Cooperative and Competitive Learning………. The Value of t-table for Any Number Degree of Freedom...
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