• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Buana, L.,Siahaan, D dan Adipura, S Pedoman Pemeliharaan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS), Medan.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Membagikan "Buana, L.,Siahaan, D dan Adipura, S Pedoman Pemeliharaan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS), Medan."

Copied!
8
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

68 VI. DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abidin, Z.R.M.C., Hamid, N.H and Hamzah, S. 2014. A powder formulation of Metarhizium anisopliae to control of Oryctes rhinoceros under different application techniques. Indonesian Oil Palm Conference, Indonesian Oil Palm Research Intitute (IOPRI).Bali, Indonesia 17-19 June 2014.

Adams, B.J and Nguyen, K.B. 2002. Taxonomy and Systematics. In.Randy Gaugler. 2002. Entomopathogenic Nematology. CAB International Publishing. pp.,1-34.

Adiroubane, D., Tamilselvi, R and Ramesh, V. 2010. Efficacy of Steinernema siamkayai against certain crop pests. J. Biopest. 3(1):180-185.

Arthurs, S., Heinz, K.M and Prasifka, J.R. 2004. An analysis of using entomopathogenic nematodes against above-ground pests. Bull. Entomol. Res. 94:297-306.

Aydin, H. 2005. Competitive abilities of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernemafeltiae and Heterorhabditisbacteriophora in the same host at different temperatures. Turkey J. Biol. 29:35-39.

Baliadi, Y. 2008. Pengaruh infeksi awal terhadap invasi sekunder nematoda entomopatogen Steinernemacarpocapsae. Biosfera. 25:88-94.

Bedding, R.Aand Miller, L.A. 1981. Use of a nematode, Heterorhabditis heliothidis, to control black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, in potted plants. Ann. Appl. Biol. 99:211-216.

Belair, G., Fournier, Y and Dauphinais, N. 2003. Efficacy of Steinernematid nematodes against three insect pests of crucifers in Quebec. J. Nematol. 5(3):259-265.

Bilgrami, A.L and Gaugler, R. 2004. Feeding Behaviour. In. Gaugler, R and Bilgrami, A.L. 2004. Nematode Behaviour. Department of Entomology Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey, USA. CABInternational Publishing. pp.,91-126.

Boemare, N. 2002. Biology, Taxonomy and Systematics of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus. In. Randy Gaugler. 2002. Entomopathogenic Nematology. CAB International Publishing. pp.,35-56.

Boemare, N., Lanmond, E and Mauleon, H. 1996. The Entomopathogenic nematodes bacterium complex, biology, life cycle and vertebrate safety. Bioscientechnol. 6:333-346.

(2)

69 Brown, A.P. 2010. The effect of controlling codling moth (Cydia pomonella) with Steinernema carpocapsae (Nemasys® C) on crop yield. Proceeding of the 14th International Conference on organic fruit-growing. pp.,156-162.

Buana, L.,Siahaan, D dan Adipura, S. 2006. Pedoman Pemeliharaan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS), Medan.

Cahyasiwi, L., Wood, B.J., Lubis, F.I and Caudwell, R. 2010. The economic of Oryctes attack in oil palm replants. International Oil Palm Conference, Indonesian Oil Palm Reseacrh Institute (IOPRI).Yogyakarta, Indonesia 1-3 June 2010.

Chapman, R.F. 1998. The Insects Structure and Function. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Chong, C.T., Arbain, M.A., Rahman, I.A., Lye, O.T and Heoh, T.B. 2007. Performance of palm EW-cypermethrin insecticide against rhinoceros beetle in oil palm. International Palm Oil Congress, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB).Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 26-30 August 2007.

Chung, G.F., Sim, S.C and Balasubramaniam, R. 1999. Effects of pest damage during immature phase on the early yields of oil palm. International Palm Oil Congress, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB).Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1-6 February 1999.

Ditjenbun. 2014. Luas PerkebunanKelapa Sawit Tahun 2014. Data Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian, Indonesia.

Dongoran, A.P., Susanto, A and Pasaribu, A.J. 2010. The alternative controlling of Oryctes rhinoceros larvae in palm oil plantations using insecticide. International Oil Palm Conference, Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI).Yogyakarta, Indonesia 1-3 June 2010.

Dongoran, A.P., Susanto, A and Sitepu, P.J. 2010. Oryctes rhinocerosbeetle and larvae as the carrier of Metarhizium anisopliae to healty Oryctes rhinoceros in palm oil plantations. International Oil Palm Conference, Indonsesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI).Yogyakarta, Indonesia 1-3 June 2010. Dowds, B.C.A and Arne, P. 2002. Virulence Mechanisms. In. Randy Gaugler.

2002. Entomophatogenic Nematology. CAB International Publishing. pp., 79-98.

Ehlers, R.U. 2001. Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 56:623-633.

Ehlers, R.U and Shapiro, D. 2005. Mass production. In. Parwinder S. G., Ehlers, R.U and Shapiro, D. 2005. Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents, CABInternational Publishing. pp., 65-78.

(3)

70 Forst, S. and Clarke, D. 2002. Bacteria – Nematode Symbiosis. In. Randy

Gaugler. 2002. Entomopathogenic Nematology. CAB International Publishing. pp., 57-77.

Gaugler, R. 2001. Entomopathogenic Nematology. Departement of Entomology Rutgers University, New Jersey.

______, 2002. Entomopathogenic Nematology. Wallinford, UK. CAB InternationalPublishing.

Georgis, R and Gaugler, R. 1991. Predictability in biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes. J. Econ. Entomol. 84:713-720.

Gutiérrez, R.L., Ochoa, J.M., Rubio, A.P., Velasco, E.G., Sahagun, C.A.A., Aceves, A..C.M and Reyes, E.G. 2006. Efficacy of Steinernematid nematodes (Rhabditida:Steinernematidae) on the suppression of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae in soil of differing textures : Laboratory and Field Trials. J. Agric. Urban Entomol. 23(1):41-49.

Hasyim, A dan Azwana. 2003. Patogenisitas isolat Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) vuillemin dalam mengendalikan hama penggerek bonggol pisang Cosmopolitas sordidus Germar. J. Hort. 13(2):120-130.

Hutauruk, A. 2002. Pengaruh serangan Oryctes rhinocerosterhadap pengalihan status tanaman kelapa sawit dari TBM ke TM.Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS).

Kaya, H.K. 2002. Natural Enemies and Other Antagonist. In. Gaugler, R. 2002. Entomopathogenic Nematology. 2002. CAB International Publishing. pp., 189-203.

Kaya, H.K., Koppenhöfer, A.M and Johnson, M.1998. Natural enemies of entomopathogenic nematodes. Japanese J. Nematol. 28:13-21.

Kumar, S. V., Mulla, S.R and Suresh, C.K. 2011. Isolation and molecular characterization of symbiotic bacterial isolates associated with entomopathogenic nematodes in agro climatic zone 5 of Karnataka. J. Phytopathol. 3(11):25-29.

Lewis, E.E., Shapiro, D and McCoy, C. 2002. Comparison of development rates in entomopathogenic nematodes applied in infected hosts versus aqueous suspension. J. Nematol. 34:340-342.

Lortkipanidze, M., Gorgadze, O., Kokhia, M., Melashvili, N and Kuchava, M. 2011. Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae) against the Melolontha hippocastani (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci. 5(1):155-157.

(4)

71 Mahar, A.N., Darban, D.A., Lanjar, A.G., Munir, M.N.D., Hague, J.N.G.M and

Gowen, S.R. 2005. Influence of temperature on the production and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes against larvae and pupae of vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). J. Entomol. 2(1):92-96.

Mahar, A.N., Jan, N.D., Mahar, G.M., Hullio, M.H., Lanjar, A.G and Buriro, A.H. 2007. Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes against the larvae of mustard beetle Phaedon cochleariae at different temperatures. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 9(6):851-856.

Marheni. 2012. Karakteristik ekologi dan biologi Oryctes rhinoceros pada pertanaman kelapa sawit. Disertasi pada program pascasarjana, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Molyneux, A.S. 1985. Survival of infective juvenile of Heterorhabditis spp., and Steinernema spp. (Nematoda : Rhabditida) at various temperatures and their subseguent infectivity for insects. J. Nematol. 8(2):165-170.

Molyneux, A.S., Bedding, R.A and Akhurst, R.J. 1983. Susceptibility of the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina to various Heterorhabditisspp., Neoaplectana spp., and an undescribed steinernematid (Nematode). J. Invert. Pathol. 42:1-7. Moslim, R., Kamaruddin, N and Wahid, M.B. 2007. The preparation and

pathogenicity of granule formulation of Metarhizium anisopliaeagainst the larvae of oil palm rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros. International Palm Oil Congress, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 26-30 August 2007.

______, 2007. The potential use of inoculation trap for auto dessimination of spores of Metarhizium anisopliae to control the rhinoceros beetle in the oil palm plantations. International Palm Oil Congress, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB).Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 26-30 August 2007.

Negrisoli, B.C.R.C., Negrisoli Jr. A.S., Dolinski, C and Bernardi, D. 2010. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nemata : Rhabditida) to control brazilian apple leafroller Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick, 1937) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae). J. Crop protect. 29(1):1274-1279.

Nguyen, K.Band Smart, C.G.Jr. 2004. Taxonomy of Insect Parasitic Nematodes. In. Chen, Z.X., Chen, S.Yand Dickson, D.W. 2004. Nematology - Advanced and Perspectives. Volume II ; Nematode Management and Utilization.CAB International Publishing. pp., 795-878.

(5)

72 Norman, Hj K., Basri, B.W., Ramle M., Siti Ramlah A.A and Zulkepli M. 2004. Bagworms, nettle caterpillars and rhinoceros beetle – Biology, life cycle and control on oil palms in Malaysia. International Conference on Pests and Diseases of Importance to the Oil Palm Industry. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB).Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 18-19 May 2004.

Novilih, D. 2010. Effectiveness of controlling Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) on the oil palm using entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocaapsae) Weiser. International Oil PalmConference, Indonsesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI).Yogyakarta, Indonesia 1-3 June 2010.

______, 2010. The influence of Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser against damage of Oryctes rhinoceroslarvae tissue. International Oil Palm Conference, Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI).Yogyakarta, Indonesia 1-3 June 2010.

Nugrohorini. 2010. Eksplorasi nematoda entomopatogen pada beberapa wilayah di Jawa Timur.J. Pert. Mapeta. 12(2):72-144.

Nyasani, J.O., Kimenju, J.W., Okubayo, F.M., Shibairo, S.I and Mutua, G.K. 2008. Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes and their potential in the management of diamondback moth in Kale. Asian J. Plant. Sci. 2008.

Olthof, T.H.A and Broadbent, A.B. 1992. Evaluation of Steinernematid nematodes for control of a leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii, in greenhouse chrysanthemums. J. Nematol. 24:612.

Patel, M.N and Wright, D.J. 1997. Glycogen: Its importance in the infectivity of agedSteinernema carpocapsae. Parasitol. 114:591-596.

Poinar, G.O. 1979. Nematodes for Biological Control of Insects. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 270 p.

Prabowo, Hdan Indrayani, I.G.A.A. 2009. Potensi nematoda patogen serangga Steinernema spp. dalam pengendalian hama utama tanaman kapas. Bull. Tan. Temb. Ser. Min. 1(2):101-104.

Prasad, S., Jayakumar, G.V., Ranganath, H.R and Bhaguat, V.R. 2008. Biosuppression of coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by Oryctes baculovirus (Kerala isolate) in south andaman, India.J. Crop protect. 27:959-964.

Prasetyo, A.E., Susanto, A., Utomo, C and Herawan, T. 2009. The new pherotraps design to catch Oryctes rhinoceros in oil palm plantations. International Palm Oil Congress, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB).Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 9-12 November 2009.

(6)

73 Ratna, E.S. 2008. Efisiensi parasitisasi inang Spodoptera litura (F.) oleh

endoparasitoid Snellenius manilaeAshmead di laboratorium. J. HPT. Tropika. 8(1):8-16.

Ratnasinghe, G and Hague, N.G.M. 1998. The invasion, development, and reproduction of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Nematropica. 28:1-6.

Rozziansha, P.T.A., Karo karo, K and Susanto, A. 2014. Application of light trap in high population of Oryctes rhinoceros. Indonesian Oil Palm Conference, Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI).Bali, Indonesia 17-19 June 2014.

Sanjaya, Y dan Safaria, T. 2006. Toksisitas racun laba laba Nephila sp. pada larva Aedes aegypti L. Biodiversitas. 7(2):191-194.

Schauff, M.E and LaSalle, J.1998. The relevance of systematics to biological control: Protecting the investment in research. In. Zaluki, M.P., Drew, R.A.Iand White, G.G. (eds). 1998.Pest Management – Future Challenges. Proceed. Australasian Appl. Entomol. Res. Con. p.426-436.

Selvan, S., Campbell, J.F and Gaugler, R. 1993. Density-dependent effects on entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) within an insect host. J. Invert. Pathol. 62:274-278.

Shahina, F and Tabassum, K.A. 2010. Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda : Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematodes isolate from Pakistan. J. Nematol. 28(1):59-64.

Shapiro, D., Dutcher, J. D and Hatab, M. 2005. Recycling potential and fitness in Steinernematid nematodes cultured in Curculiocaryae and Galleria mellonella. J. Nematol. 37:12-17.

Simoes, N and Rosa, J.S. 1996. Pathogencity and host specifity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Bioscientechnol 6:403-412.

Smits, P.H. 1996. Postapplication persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biocontrol. Sci. Technol. 6:379-387.

Stimmann, M.W., Kaya, H.K., Burlando, T.M and Studdert, J.P. 1985. Black vine weevil management in nursery plants. California Agric. 39:25-26.

Stock, P. 1993. Description of argentinian strain of Steinernemafeltiae (Nematoda:Steinernematidae). Nematol. Medit. 21:279-283.

(7)

74 Subagiya. 2005. Pengendalian hayati dengan nematoda entomogenus Steinernema carpocapsae, strain lokal terhadap hama Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. di Temanggung.Agrosains. 7(1):34-39.

Sudharto, P.S., Susanto, A., Purba, R.B and Drajat, Y.B. 2006. Teknologi pengendalian hama dan penyakit kelapa sawit, siap pakai dan ramah lingkungan.Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan.

Sulistyanto, D. 2010. Nematoda Entomopatogen. Universitas Pembangunan Veteran (UPN) Surabaya.

Sulistyanto, D and Ehlers, R.U. 1998. Host invasion and genetic selection for enhanced penetration activity, 61-70.In. Baliadi, Y., Sastrahidayat, I.R., Djauhari, S and Rahardjo, B.T. (2011). Pathogenicity, development and reproduction of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp. in mealworm Tenebrio molitor. Agrivita. 33 (3):240-251.

Supriyono, J. 2014. Target Produksi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Tahun 2014. Gabungan Pengusaha Kelapa Sawit Indonesia (GAPKI).

Susanto, A., Utomo, C., Herawan, T and Prasetyo, A.E. 2007. The utilization of double aggregation pheromones to control rhinoceros beetle and red palm weevil in oil palm plantation. International Palm Oil Congress, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB).Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 26-30 August 2007. Susanto, A., Utomo, C., Herawan, T and Sihombing, M. 2010. Pheromonal ability

of octanoate acid in trapping Orcytes rhinoceros in oil palm plantation. International Oil Palm Conference, Indonsesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI).Yogyakarta, Indonesia 1-3 June 2010.

Tanada, Y and Kaya, H.K. 1993. Insect Pathology in Biology Control. J. New York Entomol. Soc.

Toledo, J., Williams, T., Péreza, C., Liedo, P., Valle, J.F and Ibarra, J.E. 2009. Abiotic factors affecting the infectivity of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) on larvae of Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae). Biocont.Sci. Technol. 19(9):887-898.

Turner, P.D and Gillbanks, R.A. 2003. Oil Palm Cultivation and Management. The incorparated society of planters.

Uhan, T.S. 2008. Kemangkusan nematoda entomopatogen Steinernema carpocapsae terhadap hama penggerek umbi/daun (Phthorimaea operculella Zell) pada tanaman kentang. J. Hort. 18(1):46-54.

(8)

75 Unruh, T.R., Lacey, L.A. 2001. Control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella

(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) with Steinernema carpocapsae: Effects of supplemental wetting and pupation site on infection rate. Biol. Cont. 20:48-56.

Wardhana, A.H., Muharsini, S., Santoso, S., Arambewela, L.S.R dan Kumarasinghe, S.P.W. 2010. Studi in vitrolarvasidal minyak atsiri daun sirih (Piper betle L.) Srilanka dan Bogor terhadap larva Chrysomya bezziana. J. ITV. 15(4):297-307.

Wharton, A.D. 2004. Survival Strategies. In. Gaugler, R and Bilgrami, L.A. 2004. Nematode Behaviour. Department of Entomology Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey, USA. CABInternational Publishing. pp., 371-400. Yasmin, Y dan Fitri, L. 2013. Perubahan morfologi larva nyamuk akibat

pemberian larvasida bakteri kitinolitik. J. Entomol. Infon. 10(1):18-23. Yeates, W.G. 2004. Ecological and Behavioural Adaptations. In. Gaugler, R and

Bilgrami, L.A. 2004.Nematode Behaviour. Department of Entomology Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey, USA. CABInternational Publishing. pp., 1-24.

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Dokumen Perjanjian Pembiayaan Pendidikan yang telah disempurnakan hendaklah dilekatkan SETEM HASIL bernilai RM10.00 di sudut kanan atas di muka hadapan pada

Hasil validasi yang diberikan oleh ahli media terhadap draf pengembangan modul dan CD cara pembelajaran jilid 1 melalui angket tertutup diperoleh skor 61 dari 70, persentasenya

Bagi ilmu pengetahuan : untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar magnesium serum pada pasien – pasien dengan PPOK stabil dan pasien – pasien dengan PPOK

Dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara variabel tayangan fashion dari internet dengan hasil belajar desain busana karena r hitung

Jumlah penggunaan rata-rata tenaga kerja di Desa Dolago 105,8 HOK/Ha, jumlah ini masih sesuai dengan jumlah anjuran disebabkan penggunaan tenaga kerja masih kurang berkualitas dan

[r]

Gentian violet had been used to treat otomycosis as it is an aniline dye with effect as an antiseptic, antiinflamatory to reduce edema in auditory canal,

Untuk kajian QSAR dalam penelitian ini digunakan analisis regresi multilinear dengan data log (1/IC 50 ) sebagai variabel tidak bebas, sedangkan data muatan bersih atom pada