ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ
ﰲ
ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ
ﰲ
ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ
)
ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﻭ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ
ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ
(
ﻥﺎﻳﺪﻫﺍﺯ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻗ
ﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﻟﻮﺻﺃ
ﻪ
ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳝﺩﺎﻛﺃ
ﺎﻳﻻﺎﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺭﻮﺒﳌﻻﺍﻮﻛ
2010
ﻡ
ﺃ
ABSRAK
Disertasi ini merupakan perbandingan antara mazhab fiqh Hanafi, Maliki, Syafe’i dan Hanbali serta Syiah Ja’afari dengan undang-undang sivil Iran, berkaitan pengakuan orang yang sakit, muflis, kanak-kanak, orang dungu dan pengakuan nasab. Kajian teoritikal ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh manakah undang-undang sivil Iran dipengaruhi oleh mazhab Syiah Ja’afari serta empat mazhab fiqh yang lain (Hanafi, Maliki, Syafe’i dan Hanbali). Ia juga menyentuh persamaan dan perbezaan di antara empat mazhab fiqh yang mewakili Ahli-Sunnah dengan mazhab Syiah Ja’afari mengenai pensabitan pengakuan dalam kes-kes sivil; iaitu dengan membuat perbandingan dalam kes-kes tersebut di antara empat mazhab Ahli-Sunnah dan mazhab Syiah Ja’afari kemudian membandingkannya dengan undang-undang sivil Iran. Kajian ini merupakan kajian perpustakaan. Ia mengumpulkan bahan ilmiah daripada kitab-kitab fiqh, khasnya kitab-kitab yang muktabar dalam mazhab-mazhab tersebut di samping mengumpulkan bahan berkenaan dengan tajuk kajian daripada Undang-Undang Sivil Iran serta huraian-huraiannya. Seterusnya membuat perbandingan dalam kes-kes tersebut di antara empat mazhab Ahli-Sunnah dengan mazhab Ja’afari dan seterusnya membuat perbandingan di antara empat mazhab Ahli-Sunnah dan mazhab Ja’afari dengan Undang-undang Sivil Iran. Dapatan kajian ini ialah: pengakuan merupakan salah satu cara pensabitan dalam syariat Islam dan juga undang-undang sivil Iran, dan pengakuan boleh didefinisikan sebagai: “memberitakan kesabitan hak orang lain ke atas diri sendiri”. Hakikatnya pengakuan (Iqrar) tergolong dalam kategori Ikhbar (pemberitahuan) bukan Insya’ (arahan atau permintaan), dan legitemasinya sabit melalui al-Quran dan Sunnah. Pengakuan merupakan antara bukti-bukti yang kuat dalam mensabitkan suatu hak, ia adalah hujah yang sempurna yang tidak memerlukan bukti sokongan bagi mensabitkan suatu hak. Walaubagaimanapun hujah tersebut terhad ke atas diri orang yang membuat pengakuan sahaja dan tidak melibatkan pihak ketiga. Didapati juga artikel-artikel Undang-undang Sivil Iran diambil daripada fiqh mazhab Ja’fari secara khusus kerana kebanyakannya bertepatan dengan fiqh mazhab tersebut, kecuali dalam tiga perkara, iaitu: (1)- Definisi pengakuan. (2)- Pengakuan orang muflis. (3)- Syarat agar orang yang membuat pengakuan dalam kesabitan nasab untuknya mestilah merupakan orang yang tidak diketahui nasabnya. Undang-undang sivil Iran juga mempunyai kesamaan dengan mazhab-mazhab fiqh Ahli-Sunnah yang tersebut dari sudut sumber pengambilannya, iaitu: Al-Quran dan Sunnah Rasulullah SAW.
ﺏ
ABSTRACT
The dissertation is a comparison study between madhahib fiqhiyyah (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafe'i, Hanbali, Ja’fari) and the Iranian Civil Code with regards to confession of patient, bankrupt, infant, fool, and the confession of kinship. The study is theoretical, aiming at evaluating the influence of the Ja’fari’s and another four schools of jurisprudence (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali) on the Iranian Civil Code. In addition, the study attempts to identify the similarities and differences between the four schools of Sunni and Shiah Ja’fari in confession in civil cases. It has been done by comparing civil issues between the four schools of Ahl al-Sunnah and al-Jaafari school, and then comparing with the Iranian Civil Code. Data related to the study has been collected from its original sources in the books of Islamic jurisprudence, especially those books which have been adopted by those schools of Islamic jurisprudence. The law materials of Iran on the subject of the confession were collected from the Iranian Civil Code Book and its explanation to be able to compare the views of the four schools of Ahlu-Sunnah together with the view of al-Ja’fari school and Iranian civil code. The study found that the confession is considered as a mean of proof in Islamic law and Iranian Civil Code, and can be defined as: “Recognition of rights of others on one self”. The study also revealed that the confession is not a construction but information. The study proved that the legitimacy of confession is proven by Qur'an and Sunnah, and is considered the strongest evidence to establish the rights of others and therefore called the master of evidence. It is a complete evidence which does not need to get proved and supported by other evidences to be a proof of a right; however, that argument is limited to the person alone. The study also found that the laws of confession in the Iranian Civil Code were mostly taken from al-Ja’fari jurisprudence except in three issues 1 - the definition of confession 2 – confession of the bankrupt 3 – the condition that the confession of others in parentage recognition is valid if the second party is unknown descent. The Iranian Civil Code has the similarity with one of the four schools of Ahl al-Sunnah, due to the similarity in the sources of provisions; i.e. Qoran and the Sunnah.
ﺝ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺺﺨﻠﻣ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻳ ) ﺔﻴﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﳊﺍ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻨﳊﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺸﻟﺍﻭ ( ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺈﻛ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﰲ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﻪﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﱯﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍﻭ ﺾﻳﺮﳌﺍ . ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗﻭ ﺬﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﻫﺬﻣ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻑﺪﻬﻳﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺐﻫﺍ ) ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻨﳊﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﳊﺍ ( ﻯﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﰲ ﻱﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ﺐﻫﺬ ﻞﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﲟ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﲜ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﺗﻭ ،ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﰒ ﺔﻳﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﻫﺬﻣﻭ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺓﺪﻤﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻛ ﰲ ﺎﺎﻈﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﲟ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻊﻤﲜ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳ ﺎﺎﺣﻭﺮﺷﻭ . ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﺻﻮﺗ ﺪﻗﻭ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﻪﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻜﳝﻭ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ) : ﺕﻮﺒﺜﺑ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺇ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﻐﻠﻟ ﻖﺣ ( ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹ ﺔﻟﺩﻷﺍ ﻯﻮﻗﺃ ﱪﺘﻌﻳﻭ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﺲﻴﻟﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺇ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ ﰲ ﻪﻤﻋﺪﻳﻭ ﻪﺘﺒﺜﻳ ﺎﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﳛﻻ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻛ ﺔﺠﺣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﻷﺍ ﺪﻴﺳ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻠﻄﻳ ﺍﺬﻟﻭ ﻩﺍﻮﺳ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺮﻘﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻗ ﺔﺠﺣ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻊﻣ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﻖﳊﺍ . ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﻥﻷ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻱﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺫﻮﺧﺄﻣ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺙﻼﺛ ﰲ ﻻﺇ ﻱﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ﺐﻫﺬﻤﻠﻟ ) ١ -ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ٢ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ٣ -ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﺤﺻ ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﰲ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻬﳎ ﻪﻟﺮﻘﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ (. ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺸﻗﺎﻧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻜﺣﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻳﻮﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺁﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻡﺎ .
ﺩ ﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﺣﻹﺍﻭ ﻒﻄﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﳊﺍﻭ ﺐﳊﺎﺑ ﱐﺍﺮﻤﻏ ﻦﻳﺬﻠﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﺃﻭ ﰊﺃ ﱃﺇ . ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺗﻭ ﺔﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﺇ ﺔﻗﻼﻋﻭ ،ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺮﺳﺃ ﻥﺎﻴﻜﺑ ﲏﺘﻃﺎﺣﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﱵﺟﻭﺯ ﱃﺇﻭ . ﱯﻠﻗ ﺔﺒﻴﺒﺣ ﱵﻨﺑ ﱃﺇﻭ . ﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻃ ﻊﻴﲨ ﱃﺇﻭ ﻪـﻨﻳﺩ ﰲ ﻢﻬﻬﻘﻔﻓ ﹰﺍﲑﺧ ﻢ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﲔﺼﻠﺨﳌ ﻪﻴﺒﻧ ﺔﺛﺭﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺍﻮﻧﻮﻜﻴﻟ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺍﺮﺳﺃ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻤﹼﻠﻋﻭ . ﻝﻮﺒﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻖﻴﻓﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﻮﳌﺍ ﹰﻼﺋﺎﺳ ﱵﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺀﺍﺪﻫﺈﺑ ﻑﺮﺸﺗﺃ ﹰﺎﻌﻴﲨ ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ﱃﺇ .
ﻩ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ﺮﻜﺷ ﱘﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﹰﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻳﻭﺬﻟ ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻠﻫﻷ ﻞﻀﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﹰﺎﻓﺍﺮﺘﻋﺍ " : ﻦﻣ ﷲﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻳﻻ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻳﻻ ". ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﻪﻤﻌﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﱃﺎﻌﺗﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺤﺒﺳ ﷲﺍ ﺮﻜﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ ﲏﻧﺈﻓ ﺪﻌﺗﻻﻭ ﻰﺼﲢﻻ . ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﰲﺮﺸﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺺﻟﺎﲞ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﱘﺮﻜﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺎﻳﻻﺎﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﻪﻟﻮﺻﺃﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻹﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﻀﻔﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ , ﻥﻮﻋﻭ ﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇﻭ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﱄ ﻩﺪﺳﺃ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻪﺗﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣﻭ ﻪﻤﻠﻌﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺜﺘﻟ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﳝﺩﺎﻛﻷﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﺗﺎﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺓﺮﺜﻛ , ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻪﻗﻮﺳ . ﺍ ﻮﻋﺩﺃﻭ ﺃ ﹰﺎﺼﻠﳐ ﷲ ﺯﺎﺟ ﺎﻣ ﲑﺧ ﻪﻳﺰﳚ ﻥ ﻯ ﹼﻓﻮﻳ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻩﺬﻴﻤﻠﺗ ﻦﻋ ﹰﺎﻤﹼﻠﻌﻣ ﲑﺧ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ ﻪﻘ ﹰﺍﺪﺑﺃﻭ ﹰﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻪﻗﺯﺮﻳ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺓﺮﺧﻵﺍﻭ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﰲ . ﻞﺿﺎﻓﻷﺍ ﺓﺬﺗﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳝﺩﺎﻛﺃ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻪﻟﻮﺻﺃﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﰲ ﺓﺬﺗﺎﺳﻸﻟﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﰲ ﺪﻬﳉﺍﻭ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﺤﻨﻣ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺭﻮﺸﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﻴﺼﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺍﻭﺩﺩﺮﺘﻳ ﱂﻭ ﺔﻴﳝﺩﺎﻛﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﳒﺇ . ﻭ ﱄﺎﺧﻭ ﱐﺍﻮﺧﺇﻭ ﱵﻨﺑﻭ ﱵﺟﻭﺯﻭ ﻲﻣﺃﻭ ﰊﻷ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺳ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﺑ ﻬﺴﺒﻟﺃﻭ ﻢﻫﺀﺎﻘﺑ ﷲﺍ ﻝﺎﻃﺃ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﻞﻛ ﺍﻮﻟﺍﺯﺃﻭ ﺏﺎﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺍﻮﻠﻟﺫ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﺛ ﻢ ﻞﻛ ﺍﻮﻣﺪﻗﻭ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺍﻮﻠﻤﲢﻭ ﻱﻮﻨﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻢﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻠﳝ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺍﻮﻟﺬﺑﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻡﺎﲤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻌﻴﺠﺸﺘﺑﻭ ﺀﺎﻋﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﱐﻭﺮﻤﻏﻭ ،ﺲﻴﻔﻧﻭ ﱄﺎﻏ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ . ﻮﻋ ﱄ ﻡﺪﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﰲ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣﻭ ﺎﻧ ﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﲑﺧ ﷲﺍ ﻢﻫﺍﺰﺠﻓ . ﺔﻠﺻﺍﻮﳌ ﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﱄ ﺖﺣﺎﺗﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺒﳌﻻﺍﻮﻜﺑ ﺎﻳﻻﺎﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻜﺷﺃ ﻡﺎﺘﳋﺍ ﰲﻭ ﺒﳛ ﺎﲟ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻖﻓﻮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺟﻭﺰﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻝﺄﺳﺃﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻪ ﻩﺎﺿﺮﻳﻭ .
ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ABSRAK ... ... ... ﺃ ABSTRACT ... ... .. ﻩ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺺﺨﻠﻣ ... ... ... ﺃ ﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ ... ... ... ﺏ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ﺮﻜﺷ ... ... ... ﺝ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ... ... ﻭ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ ... ... ... ١ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ... ... .... ٤ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍ ... ... ... ٦ ﹰﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ) ﺪﻨﺴﻟﺍ ( ... ... ٧ ﹰﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﻦﺋﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ... ... .... ٨ ﺓﺄﺸﻧ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﻩﺭﻮﻄﺗﻭ . ... ... ٨ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﳏ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ... ... ١٣ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ... ... ١٥ ﳘﺃ ﺔﻴ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ... ... . ١٦ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ... ... ١٦ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ... ... ١٧ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ... ... . ١٩ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ... ... .. ١٩ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ... ... . ٢١ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ... ... ٢١ ﻞﻜﻴﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ... ... .. ٢٥
ﺯ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺠﺣ ﺔﻴ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ... ... ٢٧ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ... ... ٢٧ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ... . ٢٧ ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻐﻟ ... ... ٢٧ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ... ... ٢٩ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻺﻟﺭﺎﺘﺨﳌﺍ ... ... ٣٨ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ... ٣٨ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﲔﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ … ٣٨ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﺠﺣﻭ ... ... ٤٠ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﺠﺣﻭ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ... ٤٠ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ... ... .. ٤٠ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ... ... .... ٤٤ ﹰﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻉﺎﲨﻹﺍ ... ... .. ٤٧ ﹰﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ... ... .. ٤٨ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﺠﺣﻭ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ... ٥٠ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﺠﺣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ . ٥٢ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﻥﺎﻛﺭﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ... ... ٥٣ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﻥﺎﻛﺭﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ... . ٥٣ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﻥﺎﻛﺭﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ... ٥٦ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﲔﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺭﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ . ٥٦ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ... ... ٥٧ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ... . ٥٧ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺮﻘﳌﺍ ... ... ٥٧ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﻪﻟﺮﻘﳌﺍ ... ... ٦١ ﹰﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺮﺷ ﻁﻭ ﻪﺑﺮﻘﳌﺍ ... ... ٦٣
ﺡ ﹰﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺔﻐﻴﺻ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ... ... ٦٤ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ... ٧١ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺮﻘﳌﺍ ... ... ٧١ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺍ ﻪﻟﺮﻘﳌ ... ... ٧٢ ﹰﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﻪﺑﺮﻘﳌﺍ ... ... ٧٤ ﹰﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﺮﺷ ﻁﻭ ﺔﻐﻴﺼﻟﺍ ... ... ٧٥ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﲔﺑ ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ . ٧٦ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺮﻘﳌﺍ ... ... ٧٦ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﻪﻟﺮﻘﳌﺍ ... ... ٧٧ ﹰﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﻪﺑﺮﻘﳌﺍ ... ... ٧٧ ﹰﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺔﻐﻴﺼﻟﺍ ... ... ٧٧ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺎﺑ ... ... ٨٠ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺾﻳﺮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ... ٨٠ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺾﻳﺮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ... ... ٨٠ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺾﻳﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻭﺃ ﲔﻋ ﲑﻐﻟ ﺙﺭﺍﻭ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ . ... ٨٢ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺾﻳﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻭﺃ ﲔﻋ ﺙﺭﺍﻮﻟ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ... ٨٧ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺾﻳﺮﳌﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ... ... ٩٤ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺾﻳﺮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﻪﺘﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ .... ٩٧ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﱯﺼﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ... ٩٩ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﱯﺼﻟﺍ ... ... ٩٩ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﱯﺼﻟﺍ ﹰﺔﻐﻟ ... ... ٩٩ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﱯﺼﻟﺍ ﹰﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ... ... ٩٩ ﺜﻟﺎﺛ ﹰﺎ : ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺮﻐﺼﻟﺍ . ... ... ١٠٠ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﱯﺼﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ... .. ١٠١ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﱯﺼﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﻪﺘﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ .... ١٠٣
ﻁ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﻪﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍ ... ... ١٠٥ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍ ... ... ١٠٥ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﹰﺔﻐﻟ ... ... ١٠٥ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﹰﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ... ... ١٠٦ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﻪﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ... ... ١٠٦ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﺮﻳﺮﲢ ﻞﳏ ﻉﺍﺰﻨﻟﺍ ... ... ١٠٦ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﻪﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﳌﺍ ... ... ١٠٧ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﻪﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﻪﺘﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ .... ١٠٩ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ... ... ١١٠ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ... ... ١١٠ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﺔﻐﻟ ... ... ١١٠ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﹰﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ... ... ١١١ ﹰﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺐﺒﺳ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺗ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ... ... ١١٣ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻓ ﺔﻳﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ... ... ١١٣ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﺮﻳﺮﲢ ﻞﳏ ﻉﺍﺰﻨﻟﺍ ... ... ١١٣ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺮﺠﳊﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ... ... ١١٣ ﹰﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﺮﺠﳊﺍ ... ... ١١٦ ﹰﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﲔﻌﻟﺎﺑ ... ... ١١٨ ﻄﳌﺍ ﺐﻠ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ... . ١١٨ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺮﺠﳊﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ... ... ١١٩ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺮﺠﳊﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ... ... ١٢١ ﹰﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺮﺠﳊﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺮﻟﺍ ... ١٢١ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﺲﻠﻔﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﳌﺍ ﱐﺪ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﻪﺘﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ... ١٣١ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺲﻣﺎﳋﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ... ... ١٣٢ ﳌﺍ ﺐﻠﻄ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﰲ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ... ١٣٣
ﻱ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﳌﺍ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ : ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ... ... ١٣٣ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ . ... .... ١٣٣ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﻁﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻖﻔﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ... ... ١٣٣ ﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺎ : ﻁﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﰲ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ... ١٤١ ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ... ... ١٤٢ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﲑﻏ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ... ... ١٤٣ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﲑﻏ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ... .... ١٤٣ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﲑﻏ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ... ... ١٤٤ ﺃ-ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﲑﻏ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﳊﺍ ... ١٤٤ ﺏ -ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﲑﻏ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ... ١٤٥ ﺝ -ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﲑﻏ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻨﳊﺍ ... ١٤٥ ﺩ -ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﲑﻏ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ... ١٤٦ ﹰﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﺕﻮﺒﺛ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ... ١٤٦ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ... ١٦٨ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ... ١٧٠ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ : ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺑ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺎ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ... ١٧١ ﺔﲤﺎﳋﺍ ... ... ... ١٧٥ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ﺕﺎﻳﻵﺍ ... ... . ١٧٩ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ﺚﻳﺩﺎﺣﻷﺍ ... ... ١٨١ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ... ... .. ١٨٣ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ ... ... ١٨٤
١ ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﲪﺮﻟﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻢﺴﺑ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺳ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺎﻨﺴﻔﻧﺃ ﺭﻭﺮﺷ ﻦﻣ ﷲﺎﺑ ﺫﻮﻌﻧﻭ ،ﻩﺮﻔﻐﺘﺴﻧﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﻌﺘﺴﻧﻭ ﻩﺪﻤﳓ ﷲ ﺪﻤﳊﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻩﺪﻬﻳ ﻦﻣ ،ﺎﻨﻟﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﷲﺍ ﱠﻻﺇ ﻪﻟﺇ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻬﺷﺃﻭ ،ﻪﻟ ﻱﺩﺎﻫ ﻼﻓ ﻞﻠﻀﻳ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﻪﻟ ﱠﻞﻀﻣ ﻼﻓ ﻩﺮﻬﻈﻴﻟ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻦﻳﺩﻭ ﻯﺪﳍﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺳﺭﺃ ،ﻪﻟﻮﺳﺭﻭ ﻩﺪﺒﻋ ﹰﺍﺪﻤﳏ ﱠﻥﺃ ﺪﻬﺷﺃﻭ ،ﻪﻟ ﻚﻳﺮﺷ ﻻ ﻩﺪﺣﻭ ﻢﻬﱠﻠﻟﺍ ،ﻩﺩﺎﻬﺟ ﻖﺣ ﷲﺍ ﰲ ﺪﻫﺎﺟﻭ ،ﺔﻣﻷﺍ ﺢﺼﻧﻭ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﺃﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻎﱠﻠﺒﻓ ،ﻪﱢﻠﻛ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺑﻭ ﻢﱢﻠﺳﻭ ﱢﻞﺻ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻳ ﱃﺇ ﻪﻠﻴﺒﺳ ﻚﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻳﺪ ﻯﺪﺘﻫﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻪﺑﺎﺤﺻﺃﻭ ﻪﻟﺁ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻙﺭ . ﺪﻌﺑﺎﻣﺃ ... ﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻚﺷﻻ ﺎﳑ ﺪﻗ ﺀﺍﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻥ ﺎﺎﺤﺻﻷ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺈﺑ ﺕﺀﺎﺟ ﻪﻘﺣ ﻖﺣ ﻱﺫ ﻞﻛ ﺖﻄﻋﺃﻭ ، ﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺖﲰﺭﻭ ﺔﻳ ﻻ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳ ، ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺃﻭ ﺩﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻣ ﻖﻘﳛ ﺎﲟ ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺭﺎﳑ . ﺎﳑ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻱﺪﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻠﻈﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﳌﻭ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻉﺯﺎﻨﺗ ﰲ ﻢﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﺼﳋﺍ ، ﲔﺑ ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻗﻹ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﺮﺷ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ، ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﺃ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗﻭ ، ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺽﺍﺮﻋﻷﺍﻭ ﺲﻔﻧﻷﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻﻭ ، ﻢﻠﻈﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﻣﻭ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍﻭ . ﻭ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻱﺮﳚﺎﻣ ﻞﻜﺑ ﻂﻴﳏ ﲑﻏ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﳌ ، ﻞﻛ ﻲﻋﺪﻳ ﲔﻤﺼﺧ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻬﻨﻣ ﻤ ﻪﺴﻔﻨﻟ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺎ ، ﺪﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻠﻈﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻤﺼﺧ ﻢﻬﺘﻳﻭ ﻱ ، ﺪﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺘﺑ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺖﺗﺃ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻲﻋ ﻩﺍﻮﻋﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻫﱪﻟﺍ ، ﺎﻬﺘﺤﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻣ ﺎﳍ ﺪﺑﻻ ﻯﻮﻋﺩ ﻞﻛ ﻥﻷ ، ﺪﺑﻻ ﻖﺣ ﻞﻛﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟ ﻪﺳﺮﳛﻭ ﻪﻴﻤﳛ ﻥﺎﻫﺮﺑ ، ﻟﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺟ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻥﺎﻴﺑﻭ ﺔﻋﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸ ﺎﳍﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻳ ﻲﻜﻟ ﻱﺬ ﻢﻠﻈﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺭﻭ ﻉﺍﺰﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻓ ﱃﺇ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺻﻮﺘﻳ ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻗﺇﻭ ، ﳌﺍ ﲔﺒﺘﺴﻳ ﱴﺣﻭ ﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﺘ ﻱﺬ ﻪﻜﻠﺴﻳ ﻪﻘﺣ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ . ﹰﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ، ﹰﻼﻴﻤﻜﺗﻭ ﺮﻗﺃ ﺎﳌ ﻪﺗ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ، ﺪﻘﻓ ﺖﺤﺿﻭﺃ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺎﳍﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ، ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻑﺮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛﻭ ، ﻳﺎﻤﳊ ﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﺖﻋﺮﺷ ﰒ ﺘ ﺎﻬ ، ﻱﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﺴﻳﻻ ﱴﺣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﺻﺎﺨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﺯﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﻕﺮﻃ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺪﺷﺭﺃﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﲝ
٢ ﻒﻴﻌﻀﻟﺍ ، ﺪﺒﺘﺴﻳﻻﻭ ﲔﻣﻮﻠﻈﳌﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﻣﺄﺑ ﱂﺎﻈﻟﺍ ، ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻣﺩ ﰲ ﻍﺎﺑ ﻊﻤﻄﻳﻻﻭ ، ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻳﻻﻭ ﺟﺎﻓ ﺮﻋﺄﺑ ﺮ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﺽﺍ . ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻝﺎﻗ : ﻝﺎﻗ ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ﷲﺍ : " ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻄﻌﻳﻮﻟ ﺩﻻ ﻢﻫﺍﻮﻋﺪﺑ ﺱﺎﻧ ﻰﻋ ﻣﺃﻭ ﻝﺎﺟﺭ ﺀﺎﻣﺩ ﻢﳍﺍﻮ ، ﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻰﻋ ." ﻖﻔﺘﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ١ ﻢﻠﺴﳌ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ . ﻱﻭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻗ ٢ : " ﻲﻘﻬﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺟﻭ ﻩﲑﻏﻭ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻭﺃ ﻦﺴﺣ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺈﺑ ﺎﻋﻮﻓﺮﻣ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻦﺑﺍ :" ﺔﻨﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻟ ﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻜﻧﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻋ " ٣ . ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻗﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻰﻔﲣﻻﻭ ، ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻣﺎﻜﺣﺃ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﰲ ﺓﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﻜﻠﺴﻳ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻠﻈﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ، ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻢﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺸﻧﻭ ﻪﻘﺣ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺮﻳ ﻖﺣ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻞﻛ ، ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻠﻈﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺪﻳﺮﻳ ﻡﻮﻠﻈﻣ ﻞﻛﻭ ، ﺪﻗﻭ ﹼﺍﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﺜﺤﺒﻟ ﺕﺮﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺎﺑ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻭ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ . ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﺖﻤﻗ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﹰﺎﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ) ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻨﳊﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﳊﺍ ( ﻭ ﺐﻫﺬﻣ ﺔﻌﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻳﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ﺔ، ﻣﻭ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﳉﺎﻌ ﻝﺎﺟﺭﻭ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ، ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻓ ﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﺘﻣﺍ ﺪﻘ ﺎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻤﺘﺷ ﻣ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ) ﺔﻳﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻨﳊﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﳊﺍ ( ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﲨ ﰲ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺯ ﺎﳑ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺚﲝ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺪﺋﺎﻓﻭ ﻪﺘﻳﻮﻴﺣ . ١ ﺓﲑﻐﳌﺍ ﻦﺑ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﻦﺑ ﻞﻴﻋﺎﲰﺇ ﻦﺑﺪﻤﳏ ﷲﺍﺪﺒﻋﻮﺑﺃ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺨﺒﻟﺍ ) ١٤٢٢ ﻫ ـ ( ، ﻱﺭﺎﺨﺒﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ، ﺝ ٦ ، ﻖﻴﻘﲢ : ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻧ ﻦﺑ ﲑﻫﺯ ،ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ،ﺓﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻃ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻁ ١ ، ﺹ ٣٥ ، ﻱﲑﺸﻘﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺠﳊﺍ ﻦﺑ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ﲔﺴﳊﺍ ﰊﺃ ،ﻢﻠﺴﻣﻭ ﻱﺭﻮﺑﺎﺸﻴﻨﻟﺍ ) ١٤١٩ ـﻫ . ١٩٩٨ ﻡ( ، ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ، ،ﺽﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺖﻴﺑ ﺩ . ،ﻁ ﺹ ٧١١ . ٢ ﻱﺮﻣ ﻦﺑ ﻑﺮﺷ ﻦﺑ ﲕﳛ ﺎﻳﺮﻛﺯﻮﺑﺃ ،ﻱﻭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ، ) ١٣٩٢ ـﻫ ( ، ،ﺝﺎﺠﳊﺍ ﻦﺑ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺝﺎﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺝ ١٢ ، ،ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ،ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﺇﺭﺍﺩ ﻁ ٢ ﺹ ، ٢ . ٣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﺑ ﲔﺴﳊﺍ ﻦﺑ ﺪﲪﺃ ﺮﻜﺑﻮﺑﺃ ،ﻲﻘﻬﻴﺒﻟﺍ ) ١٤٢٢ ـﻫ . ٢٠٠١ ﻡ( ، ﺞﻳﺮﺨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺡﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻯﺮﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻨﺴﻟﺍ ،ﻯﺮﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺞﻳﺮﲣﻭ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﳌﺍ ،ﻰﻤﺴﳌﺍ ﺝ ٩ ، ﻲﻤﻈﻋﻷﺍ ﻦﲪﺮﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺿ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻠﻟ ، ﻟﺍ ،ﺽﺎﻳﺮ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ،ﺪﺷﺮﻟﺍ ﻁ ١ ﺹ ، ٢٣٤ .
٣ ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻣﺃ ﺎﺪﻬﺷ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺓﻮﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺇ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺃ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﰲ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻫﺩﺯﺇ ،ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺮﻫﺩﺯﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺍ ﺔﻠﲨ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﻮﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻥﻭﺮﻜﻔﳌﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ،ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺜﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ،ﻝﺎﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺚﲝ ﱃﺇ ) ١٩٧٩ ﻡ( ﺭﺎﻤﻀﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻡﺎﻬﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺩﺭﺃ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ . ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻧ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺣ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ، ﻥﺃ ﻯﺮﻧ ﻞﻌﺟ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﰲ ﻦﻨﻘﳌﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﻣﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﺴﻘﺑ ﺺﺘﳜﺎﻣ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻯﻮﻋ ، ﺃ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺎﻣ ﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻯﻮﻋ ﺮﻳﺰﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺹﺎﺼﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ، ﻠﺼﻔﻧﺍ ﺖ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ، ﻠﻌﺟﻭ ﺖ ﺮﺧﺁ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﰲ ، ﻰﻤﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﺑ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ . ﻥﻷ ﻩﺬﻫ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﺑ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﻦﻋ ﺯﺎﺘﲤ ، ﺔﺠﳊﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻗﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻨ ، ﹰﻼﺜﻣ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺻﻷﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻬﺒﺷ ﱏﺩﺄﺑ ﻂﻘﺴﺗ ﻥﺃ ، ﰲ ﻞﺻﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﺹ ﺛﺇ ﰲ ﻁﺎﻴﺘﺣ ﻭ ﺲﻔﻧﻷﺍ ﺭﺪﳍ ﹰﺍﺀﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﺎﺒ ﹰﺎﻌﻨﻣ ﺀﺎﻣﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻃﺎﺷﻹ . ١ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﻤﻬﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺎ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺮﺼﺣ ﰲ ، ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ، ﳛ ﺮﺼ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﺭﺮﻘﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺲﲬ ﰲ ﺓ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﺖﲢ : ) ١٢٥٨ ( ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ .) ﻕﺮﻃ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﻲﻫ : ١ -ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ، ٢ -ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﻷﺍ ، ٣ -ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ، ٤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻣﻷﺍ ) ﻦﺋﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ (، ٥ -ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍ .( ٢ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ﺇ ﰲ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ١ ،ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺣﺰﻟﺍ ،ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ) ١٤٠٢ ﻫ ـ . ١٩٨٢ ﻡ( ، ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﺝ ، ١ ،ﺔﻳﺭﻮﺳ ،ﻖﺸﻣﺩ ، ﻁ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍﺭﺍﺩ ١ ﺹ ، ١١ . ٢ ﺮﺻﺎﻧ ،ﻥﺎﻳﺯﻮﺗﺎﻛ ) ١٣٨٧ ـﻫ . ﺵ . ٢٠٠٨ ﻡ( ، ﱐﻮﻨﻛ ﻲﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﻢﻈﻧﺭﺩ ﱐﺪﻣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ، ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ،ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺸﻧ ﻁ ٢٠ ، ﺹ ٧٥٣ .
٤ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﰲ ) : ٢٣١ ( ١ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﳏ ﰲ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻊﺑﺭﺃ ، ﻲﻫﻭ : ) ١ -ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ، ٢ -ﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎ ، ٣ -ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ، ٤ -ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻘﻟﺍ ( ٢ . ﺪﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﱵﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﺮﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ ﻴﻧﺔ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺽﺮﻌﺗﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺐﺴﺤﻓ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺰﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺹﺎﺼﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ . ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺗﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻧﺮﺷﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﺲﻤﲞ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻫﻭ : ) ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﻦﺋﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍﻭ ( ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﺧﺩﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻊﺑﺭﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺙﺪﲢﺃ ﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﻪﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀ : )ﻟﺍ ﻦﺋﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ (. ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺎﺳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺍ ﺪﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺎﻬﻤﻈﻋﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺧ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻬﻓﻼﺘﺧﻻ ﹰﺎﻌﺒﺗ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺎ ﻢﻫﺪﻨﻋ . ﺮﻋ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺎﺄﺑ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﳊﺍ ﺎﻬﻓ : " ﺛﻹ ﻕﺪﺻ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺇ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ﻖﺣ ﺕﺎﺒ ﻯﻮﻋﺩ ﻼﺑ ﻮﻟﻭ ." ٣ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻛ ﰲ ﹰﻻﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﺎﻫﺮﺜﻛﺃﻭ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻬﺷﺃ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ . ﺮﻋﻭ ﺎﺄﺑ ﺔﻴﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻓ : " ﹰﺎﻤﻜﺣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺐﺟﻮﻳ ﲔﻌﲟ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﻹﺍ . " ٤ ١ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣﻭ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺗﻭ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻞﻛ ﻩﺭﺍﺩﺍ ) ١٣٨٢ ـﻫ . ﺵ . ٢٠٠٣ ﻡ( ، ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﳎ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﳎ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣﻭ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺗﻭ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺖﻧﻭﺎﻌﻣ ﻁ ٤ ﺹ ، ١٢ . ٢ ﶈﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻳﻮﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﰲ ﲔﻘﻘ ﺔ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﲟ ) ١٣٨٧ ـﻫ . ﺵ . ٢٠٠٨ ﻡ( ، ﻱﻭﺎﻋﺩ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﻪﻟﺩﺃ ﻱﺮﻔﻴﻛ ، ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ،ﺱﺪﻗ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻁ ٦ ، ﺹ ١٨ . ٣ ،ﻲﺳﺍﻮﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻌﺴﻣ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻴﻤﳊﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻛ ،ﻡﺎﻤﳍﺍ ﻦﺑﺍ )ﺩ . ﺕ ( ، ،ﺮﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﺢﺘﻓ ﺝ ٦ ، ﺩ ،ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﺇ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺕﻭﲑﺑ . ﺹ ،ﻁ ٢ . ٤ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺪﲪﺃ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﷲﺍﺪﺒﻋﻮﺑﺃ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﴰ ،ﻲﻗﻮﺳﺪﻟﺍ )ﺩ . ﺕ ( ، ﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻗﻮﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﺝ ، ٤ ، ﺩ ،ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺕﻭﲑﺑ . ﺹ ،ﻁ ١٦٤ .
٥ ﺎﻬﺸﻠﻟ ﻢﻬﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﰲ ﻑﺎﻨﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻖﻓﺍﻭ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺓﺩ : " ﻦﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺇ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ﺊﻴﺷ ." ١ ﺮﻋ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻨﳊﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺎﺄﺑ ﺎﻫﻮﻓ ": ﻪﻤﻠﻋ ﺎﲟ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﻹﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻪﺒﺟﻮﺗﻻﻭ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ ﺔﺠﺣ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ." ٢ ﺮﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﻓ ﺎﺄﺑ ﺔﻳﺮﻔﻌﳉﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻓ ": ﲑﻏ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻩﲑﻐﻟ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻖﺣ ﻦﻋ ﻡﺯﺎﺟ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺇ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ." ٣ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺎﻣﺃ ، ﻲﻬﻓ ﺪﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓ : ﻮﻗ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻓ ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﻟ : ( #ρ߉Íκô−r&uρ ô “uρsŒ 5 Αô‰tã ó Οä3ΖÏiΒ ( #θßϑŠÏ%r&uρ n οy‰≈y㤱9$# ¬ ! ٤ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻓ " ﻪﻨﻴﳝ ﻭﺃ ﻙﺍﺪﻫﺎﺷ ." ٥ ﻴﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺖﻴﲰ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺒﺜﺗﻭ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ ﺎﻷ ﺔﻨ ﻤﲢﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻰﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﻞ ﺩﺃﻭ ﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﺽﻭﺮﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﺅ ، ﺗﺮﺗﻭ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐ ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺖﻨﻴﻌﺗ ﻤﲢ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﹰﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺅﺍﺩﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﻠ . ٦ ١ ،ﺮﻤﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻦﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ،ﻲﻣﲑﺠﺒﻟﺍ ) ١٤١٧ ﻫ ـ . ١٩٩٦ ﻡ( ، ﺐﻴﻄﳋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻣﲑﺠﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﺝ ، ٥ ﲑﺑ ، ،ﺕﻭ ﻁ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍﺭﺍﺩ ١ ﺹ ، ٣٧٥ . ٢ ،ﺲﻳﺭﺩﺇ ﻦﺑ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﻦﺑ ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣ ،ﰐﻮﻬﺒﻟﺍ ) ١٩٨٣ ﻫ ـ ( ، ﻉﺎﻨﻗﻹﺍ ﱳﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﺎﻨﻘﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﻛ ﺝ ، ٤ ﱂﺎﻋ ،ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ، ﺩ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ . ﺹ ،ﻁ ٢٤٢ . ٣ ،ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﲪﺃ ﻦﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺯ ،ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ) ١٤١٣ ﻫ ـ (، ،ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻊﺋﺍﺮﺷ ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻡﺎﻬﻓﻷﺍ ﻚﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﺝ ١٤ ﺍﺮﻳﺇ ،ﻢﻗ ، ﻁ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ،ﻥ ١ ﺹ ، ١٥٤ . ٤ ﻕﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺳ : ﺔﻳﻵﺍ ) ٢ .( ٥ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺨﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺨﺒﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ، ﺝ ٣ ﺹ ، ١٤٣ . ٦ ،ﺐﻴﻄﳋﺍ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﴰ ،ﲏﻴﺑﺮﺸﻟﺍ ،ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ) ١٤١٨ ﻫ ـ . ١٩٩٧ ﻡ( ، ،ﺝﺎﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻟﺃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﶈﺍ ﲏﻐﻣ ﺝ ٤ ﻁ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ، ١ ﺹ ، ٦٠٠ . ﺩ ،ﷲﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻬﺷ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ،ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﰊﺃ ﻦﺑﺍ ،ﺮﻈﻧﺍﻭ . ،ﺕ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ : ﻁ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ،ﺀﺎﻄﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ١ ﺹ ، ٣٥٥ .
٦ ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻤﻜﺣ ﺭﺍﺪﺻﺇ ﰲ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻲﻫ ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺯﺎﻨﺘﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻑﻼﳋﺍ ﺀﺎﺇﻭ ﻉﺍﺰﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻞﺼﺗﻭ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﲑﻤﻀﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻗﺃ ﺬﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﱃﺇ ، ﺪﻗﻭ ﻮﻠﺗ ﺎﻫﺩﻮﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺪﺋﺎﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﲝ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺋﺍﺩﺃ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃﻭ ﺎﳍﺎﻜﺷﺃ ﺖﻧ ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺓﺪﺋﺎﺳ ﺖﻧﺎﻛﻭ ، ﺮﻗﺄﻓ ﺘﻳ ﺎﲟ ﻒﻴﻨﳊﺍ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻉﺭﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻔ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ . ١ ﺖﺘﺒﺛ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ : ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻓ : Ÿ ω ã Νä.ä‹Ï{#xσムª !$# È θøó‾=9$$Î/ þ ’Îû ö Νä3ÏΖ≈yϑ÷ƒr& Å3≈s9uρ Νà2ä‹Ï{#xσム$yϑÎ/ ã Ν›?‰¤)tã z ≈yϑ÷ƒF{$# ٢ ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻗﻭ : ( #þθÝàxôm$#uρ ö Νä3oΨ≈yϑ÷ƒr& 4 y 7Ï9≡x‹x. ß Îit7ムª !$# ö Νä3s9 ϵÏG≈tƒ#u ÷ /ä3ª=yès9 t βρãä3ô±n@ ٣ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻓ : ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ ﷲﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﻋ ﻱﻭﺭﺎﻣ -ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻲﺿﺭ -ﷲﺍ ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ﻥﺃ " ﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻀﻗ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻰﻋ ". ٤ ﺎﺃﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺐﻫﺫ ﺍﺬﻟﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻔﻧ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﰲ ﺏﺬﻜﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟ ﺔﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ، ﻲﻫﻭ ﲔﻫﺍﱪﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﻷﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺰﺠﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻢﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﹰﺎﻤﻴﻈﻋ ﹰﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺐﻌﻠﺗ . ١ ،ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺣﺰﻟﺍ ) ١٤٠٢ ﻫ ـ . ١٩٨٢ ﻡ( ، ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﺝ ، ٢ ﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻳﺭﻮﺳ ،ﻖﺸﻣﺩ ، ،ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍﺭ ﻁ ١ ﺹ ، ٣١٦ . ٢ ﺓﺪﺋﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺳ : ﺔﻳﻵﺍ ) ٨٩ .( ٣ ﺓﺪﺋﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺳ : ﺔﻳﻵﺍ ) ٨٩ .( ٤ ،ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﺹ ، ٧١١ .
٧ ﹰﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ) ﺪﻨﺴﻟﺍ ( ﺎﺄﺑ ﹰﻼﻴﻟﺩ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻜﳝ " : ﻖﻴﺛﻮﺗ ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻂﳋﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻖﺛﻮﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻂﳋﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻭﺃ ،ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻠﻟ ،ﺎ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳﺎﻣﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻊﺟﲑﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﺘﻌﳌﺍ ". ١ ﺪﻌﺗ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹ ﺢﻠﺼﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﺓﻮﻗ ﺎﳍ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻯﻮﻗﺃﻭ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻣ ﹰﻻﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﻓﺮﺼﺗ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ًﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﺋﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻦﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻤﻠﺳ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺰﻠﻣ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﺖﻗﻭ ﹰﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ، ﻞﺒﻘﺗﻻ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺰﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻦﻌﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﺜﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﺑ ﻻﺇ ﺎﻬﺴﻜﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﻭ ﺮﻳ . ٢ ﻴﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﹰﻼﻴﻟﺩ ﺢﻠﺼﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﶈﺍ ﻢﺴﻘﻨﺗﻭ ﻴﲰﺭ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﳏ ﱃﺇ ﹰﺎ ﻴﻓﺮﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﳏﻭ ﺔ ،ﺔ ﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻣﺪﲞ ﻒﻠﻜﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻒﻇﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺖﺒﺜﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﶈﺍﻭ ﹼﰎ ﺎﻣ ﺔ ﻥﺄﺸﻟﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺎﻘﻠﺑ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻳﺪﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻄﻠﺳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﰲﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺿﻭﻸﻟ ﹰﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﻪﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍﻭ . ٣ ﺔﺒﳍﺍ ﺪﻘﻋﻭ ﺝﺍﻭﺰﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻋ ﺎﳍﺎﺜﻣﻭ . ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﶈﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ : ﻦﻣ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﶈﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ﹼﻠﻜﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻭﺃ ﻲﲰﺭ ﻒﻇﻮﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻳﺮﲢ ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻣﺪﲞ ﻒ . ٤ ﹰﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﻦﺋﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﻋ ﱐﺎﺟﺮﳉﺍ ﺎﻬﻓ " : ﺃ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻳﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﲑﺸﻳ ﺮﻣ ". ٥ ١ ،ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺣﺰﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﺝ ، ٢ ﺹ ، ٤١٧ . ٢ ،ﲕﳛ ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﺮﻄﻣ ) ١٩٩١ ﻡ( ، ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍﺭﺍﺪﻟﺍ ،ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ، ﺩ. ،ﻁ ﺹ ١١٩ ،ﻦﺴﺣ ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣ ،ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ، ) ١٩٩٨ ﻡ( ، ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ،ﺮﺼﻣ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺪﻨﻜﺳﻹﺍ ، ﺩ. ﺹ ،ﻁ ٥٦ . ٣ ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ، ﺹ ، ٥٧ . ٤ ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ٧٧ ،ﺮﻄﻣ ،ﺮﻈﻧﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ، ﺹ ١٢١ . ٥ ،ﺪﻤﳏ ﻦﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ،ﱐﺎﺟﺮﳉﺍ ) ١٣٨٢ ﻫ ـ ( ، ،ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺩ ،ﺢﻴﺒﺻ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ،ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ . ﺹ ،ﺕ ١١٧ .
٨ ﺮﻋﻭ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﺎﻗﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻓ " : ﺔﻨﻳﺮﻘﻟﺍ : ﻴﻔﺧ ﹰﺎﺌﻴﺷ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﺗ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺓﺭﺎﻣﺃ ﻞﻛ ﹰﺎ ﺔﺒﺣﺎﺼﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﲏﻌﲟ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺫﻮﺧﺄﻣ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻝﺪﺘﻓ ". ١ ﲔﻋﻮﻧ ﱃﺇ ﻢﺴﻘﻨﺗ ﻦﺋﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ : ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﻦﺋﺍﺮﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻦﺋﺍﺮﻗ . ﺃ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﺋﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ : ﻪﻄﺒﻨﺘﺴﻳﺎﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﺣﻷﺍ ﰲ ﲔﺿﺎﻘﺘﻤﻠﻟ ﹰﺍﲑﺴﻴﺗ ﻉ ﺎﻬﻌﺋﺎﻗﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺐﻌﺼﻳ . ﺮﺸﳌﺎﻓ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻮﻬﳎ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻉ ﹰﺍﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻉﻮﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺢﺟﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻝﺎﺜﻣﻭ ،ﹰﺎﻣﺪﻋﻭ : ﺀﺎﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻳﺮﻗ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺓﺮﺟﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻂﺴﻘﺑ ﺀﺎﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺴﻗﻷﺎﺑ ﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺴﻗﻷﺎﺑ ﺀﺎﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻂﺒﻨﺘﺴﻳ ﻉ ﺓﺮﺟﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺣﻻ ﻂﺴﻘﻳ ﺀﺎﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ . ٢ ﺏ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﺋﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ : ﺔﺿﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﻄﺒﻨﺘﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﺋﺎﻗﻭ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛ ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺔﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﳜ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺑﻼﻣﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﺩﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎ ﻝﺪﺘﺴﻳﻭ ﺎ. ٣ ﻧ ﻩﺭﻮﻄﺗﻭ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺄﺸ . ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﰲ ﻲﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﶈﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﺮﻛﺬﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍﻭ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ ، ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ، ﹼﺛﺆﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺍﺪﺘﳌﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﻞﻛ ﻞﺟﻷﻭ ، ﳍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻊﻴﲨ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺎ ﺔﻴﳘﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﻀﻟﺍﻭ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﻐﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﲡ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﰲ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﳎ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺎﺳ ﺪﺴﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺜﲟ ، ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ ﻧ ﰲ ﻯﺮ ﻊﻴﲨ ﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻋ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻦﻨﻘﻳ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺬﺧﺆﻳ ١ ،ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ،ﺎﻗﺭﺰﻟﺍ ) ١٣٧٩ ﻫ ـ . ١٩٥٩ ﻡ( ، ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺪﳌﺍ ﺝ ، ٢ ﻁ ،ﻖﺸﻣﺩ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻌﺒﻄﻣ ،ﻖﺸﻣﺩ ، ٦ ، ﺹ ٩١٤ . ٢ ،ﺮﻄﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺹ ، ٢٥٩ ،ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ،ﻱﺩﻮﺒﻌﻟﺍﻭ ، ) ١٩٩٨ ﻡ( ، ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﺃ ﺡﺮﺷ ،ﻥﺩﺭﺃ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ، ﺩ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍﺭﺍﺩ . ﺹ ،ﻁ ٢٥٧ . ٣ ،ﺮﻄﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺹ ، ٢٥٩ .
٩ ﹼﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻳﻭ ،ﺔ ﻦﻣ ﳋﺍ ﺀﺍﱪ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ، ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ، ﻑﺍﺮﻋﻷﺍﻭ ، ﻻﺍﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋ ﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺘﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﺔﻟﻭﺪ . ١ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻞﺒﻗﻭ ، ،ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﺼﳋﺍﻭ ﻱﻭﺎﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻊﺟﺮﺗ ﻢﻛﺎﶈﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﻀﻟﺍﻭ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ،ﻞﺋﺎﺒﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺳﺅﺭﻭ ﺔﻃﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺛ ﻞﺒﻗ ﱃﺇ ﻭﺃ ) ﺔﻳﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺜﻟﺍ ( ﻳﺇ ﰲ ﻥﺍﺮ ﺔﻨﺳ ) ١٩٠٥ ﻡ( ، ﻜﻟ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻴﻘﺑ ﻦ ﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﺟ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻲ ﺮﲣ ﻞﺟﺭ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﺭﻭﺍﺩ ﱪﻛﺃ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻦﻣ ﺝ ، ﺐﻫﺫ ﰒ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻡﺎﻗﺃﻭ ﺍﺮﺴﻳﻮﺳ ﱃﺇ ، ﻞﻐﺘﺷﺍﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﺮﺸﻋ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﺓﺪﳌ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﺳ ، ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻨﺟ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺍﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺬﺧﺃﻭ ﺽﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ . ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺭ ﰒ ﺪﻬﻋ ﰲ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﳌﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺩﻭ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺎﺿﺭ ، ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰒ ﻦﻴﻋ ﹰﺍﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﺪﻬﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻮﻟ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﰲﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﺴﺣ ﺍﺯﲑﻣ ﺀﺭﺍﺯﻮﻟﺍ ) ١٣٠٥ ـﻫ . ﺵ ( ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ : ) ١٩٢٦ ﻡ( . ٢ ﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﳌﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰒ ﺭﻭﺍﺩ ﱪﻛﺃ ﻲﻠﻌﻟ ﻰﻄﻋﺃ ﱐﺍﺮﻳ ﻹ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺡﻼﺻ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻐﻟﺃ ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻰ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺪﻌ ) ١٣٠٥ ـﻫ . ﺵ ( ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ ) : ١٩٢٦ ﻡ( . ﰒ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﻹﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺪﻌﺑ ، ﺤﺘﻓ ﺖ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﰲ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ) ١٣٠٦ ـﻫ . ﺵ ( ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ ): ١٩٢٧ ﻡ( . ﻥﺇ ﻡﺎﻳﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﺔﻴﻟﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺻ ، ﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﻥﻷ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺔ ﺖﻣﺰﻋ ﻡﺎﻳﻷﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺼﳊﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺀﺎﻐﻟﺇ ) capitulation ( ٣ ﻥﻷ ، ﲔﻨﻃﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺐﺟﻮﲟ ١ ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ، ﺪﻴﲪ ،ﻱﺪﲪﺃ ﻲﻣﺍﺮ ، ) ١٣٨٣ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ . ٢٠٠٤ ﻡ( ، ﳜﺭﺎﺗ ﻪﭽ ﱐﺪﻣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ، ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻠﳎ ﻕﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ . ﻢﻗ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ، ﺭﺍﺪﺻﻹﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ : ٢٤ ﺹ ، ٣٣ . ٢ ،ﺮﻗﺎﺑ ،ﻲﻠﻗﺎﻋ ،ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ) ١٣٦٩ ـﻫ . ﺵ . ١٩٩٠ ﻡ( ، ﺔﻴﻟﺪﻋﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ، ، ،ﻁ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ١ ﺹ ، ٢٣ . ٣ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ) capitulation ( ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻞﺻﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺫﻮﺧﺄﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ) capitulare ( ﺔﻤﻠﻛﻭ ،ﺓﺪﻫﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﲎﻌﲟ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ) capitulation ( ـﺑ ﺔﻴﺳﺭﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻰﻤﺴﺗ ) ﻥﻮﻴﺳﻻﻮﺘﻴﺑﺎﻛ ( ـﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﰲﻭ ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺼﳊﺍ .( ﰲ ﻮﺳﻭﺭ ﻝﺭﺎﺷ ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺼﳊﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ : " ﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﻢﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﻼﺻ ﺪﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﺎﻣ ﹰﺎﻋﻮﻧ ﻊﻀﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ،ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﳛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﻼﺼﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ . ﻡﺪﻌﺑ ﻊﻓﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺣﻼﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺼﳊﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ " . ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺼﳊﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲔﻫﺎﺷ ﺝﺎﳊﺍ ﺰﻳﺎﻓ ﻝﻮﻘﻳﻭ : " ﶈﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺐﻧﺎﺟﻷﺍ ﻝﻮﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺈﺑ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻢﻛﺎ ﺎﻬﺘﻳﻻﻭ ﺾﻓﺮﺗ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻢﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻞﺜﲤﻻﺃ ﺔﻧﺎﺼﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﻖﳛ ﻪﻧﺃ ﲏﻌﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ =
١٠ ﹰﺎﻣﺮﺟ ﺍﻮﺒﻜﺗﺭﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﻴﺑﺭﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﹰﺎﻴﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﻢﻬﺘﻘﺣﻼﻣ ﻡﺰﻠﻳﻻ ﺀﺎﻐﻟﻹﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﲢ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺔﻧﻭﺪﳌﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻘﻟﺍ، ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧ . ﺖﺤﺘﻓ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ) ١٣٠٦ ـﻫ . ﺵ ( ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ : ) ١٩٢٧ ﻡ( ﺗﺮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻚﻟﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﰲﻮﺘﺴﳌ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺎﺿﺭ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻧﺎﻗ ﺀﺎﻐﻟﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺐ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺼﳊﺍ ﻥﻮ ﺔﻨﺳ ،ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﺩ ﱪﻛﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﻠﻋﺃﻭ ، ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﻷ ﻴﻧﺎﳌ ﺎ، ﻴﻟﺎﻄﻳﺇﻭ ﺎ ﺪﻠﻧﻮﻫﻭ ﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻜﻴﺠﻠﺑ ﻭ ﺍﺮﺴﻳﻮﺳﻭ ﺍ ﻴﻧﺎﺒﺳﺇ ﺎ. ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺄﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻙﺍﺫ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺼﳊﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ . ﹼﻛﺄﺗﻭ ﺪ ،ﺭﻭﺍﺩ ﱪﻛﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺖﻨﻠﻋﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺬﹼﻔﻨﻳ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺄﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲏﻌﻳ ،ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ) ١٩ ﺔﻨﺳ ،ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺃ ١٣٠٧ ـﻫ . ﺵ ( ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ : ) ٩ / ٥ / ١٩٢٨ ﻡ( ، ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﱃﺇﻭ ﻡﺰﻠﺗ ﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊ ﻥﻭﺪﺗ ﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ ،ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧ ﺖﺴﺳﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻳ ﰲ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﰲ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ) ﺔﻨﺳ ﻱﺩ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺷﺎﻋ ١٣٠٦ ـﻫ . ﺵ ( ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ ) : ١ / ١ / ١٩٢٨ ﻡ( ، ﺘﻟ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﺭﻭﺍﺩ ﱪﻛﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻌﺗ ﲔﻨﻘ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺃﺪﺑﻭ ،ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﲔﻨﻘ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ . ١ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻠﻗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﱪﻛﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺱﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺍﺩ ، ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻖﻓﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻭ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺍﺪﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺲﺒﺘﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻞﺟﻷ ﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑ ﱪﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﻦﻴﻌ ﺀﺍ ﲔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺘﻟ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﲔﻨﻘ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﺼﻣ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻟﺎﳐ ﻪﺟﺍﻭ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ،ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﳌﺭﺎﺒﻠﻟ ﹰﺍﻮﻀﻋ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻕ ﺪﺼﻣ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺵﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ،ﻙﺍﺬﺘﻗﻭ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻕ ﻊﺟﺭ ﱪﻛﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺭﻭﺍﺩ ،ﻪﻳﺃﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﲔﻧﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺘﻟ ﲔﻨﻘ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻹﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻤﻈﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ، ﻦﻳﺪﻬﺘﺍﻭ ، ﻭ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻢﻫ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺃ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﲦ ، ﻢﻫﻭ : ٢ = ﺎﻬﺘﻄﻠﺳﻭ ". ،ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ﻢﺜﻴﻫ ﻲﻘﻔﻟﺍ . ) ٢٤ / ١٠ / ٢٠٠٨ ﻡ( . ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺼﺣ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ ). http://www.shaimaaatalla.com .( ١ ،ﺪﻴﲪ ،ﻱﺪﲪﺃ ﻲﻣﺍﺮ ،ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ﳜﺭﺎﺗ ﭽ ﻪ ﱐﺪﻣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ . ﻕﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻠﳎ . ﻢﻗ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ، ﻢﻗﺭ ﺭﺍﺪﺻﻹﺍ : ٢٤ ﺹ ، ٣٦ -٤٠ . ٢ ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ٣٦ .
١١ ١ -ﻲﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ . ١ ٢ -ﻱﻮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﷲﺍﺮﺼﻧ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ . ٢ ٣ -ﱐﺎﺷﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ . ٣ ٤ -ﱐﺍﻭﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺍﺯﲑﻣ . ٤ ٥ -ﻲﻫﻮﻛﺯﻭﲑﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ . ٥ ٦ -ﺭﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﳏ . ٦ ١ ﺔﻨﺳ ﺪﻟﻭ ،ﻦﺴﺣ ﺍﺯﲑﻣ ﺝﺎﺣ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻲﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ) ١٢٥٢ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﰲ ﻢﻗ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﰲ ، ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﻖﻄﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﻪﻟﻮﺻﺃﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻭ ،ﹰﺎﳌﺎﻋ ﻩﻮﺑﺃ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲﻮﺗﻭ ،ﹰﺍﺪﻬﺘﳎ ﺢﺒﺻﺃﻭ ﻢﻗ ) ١٣٢٤ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( . ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ، ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ٤٠،٤١ . ٢ ﺔﻨﺳ ﺪﻟﻭ ،ﱐﺎﺳﺍﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺧﺃ ﺎﺿﺭ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﺑﺍ ،ﻱﻮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﷲﺍﺮﺼﻧ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺣ ﻮﻫ ) ١٢٤١ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( ﺱﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﰲ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺯﺮﺑ ﰒ ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ ﱃﺇ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﻟ ﺮﺟﺎﻫ ﰒ ﺔﻨﺳ ﺓﺮﺸﻋ ﺲﲬ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺍﺮﻣﺎﺳ ﺀ ،ﻒﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﰒ ﻪﺗﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺻﻭ ﱴﺣ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻟﻮﺻﺃﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻭ : ١ ﻦﻳﺮﻓﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺩﺍﺯ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻭﺮﺴﺧ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻟ ٢ -ﻲﺳﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﲑﺼﻧ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﳋ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻷﺍ ﻑﺎﺻﻭﺃ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ٣ ﺚﻳﺩﺎﺣﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻊﲨ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻲﻗﱪﻟﺍ ﻦﺳﺎﳏ ﺔﻌﻴﺸﻟﺍ ٤ -ﺮﺋﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻩﺎﺒﺷﻷﺍ . ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ، ﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ﺹ ،ﻖ ٤١،٤٢ . ٣ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﺕﺪﺟﻭﺎﻣ . ٤ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﻭﺮﻳﺇ ﱃﺇ ﺰﻳﱪﺗ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻩﻮﺑﺃ ﺮﺟﺎﻫ ،ﱐﺍﻭﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺎﺿﺭ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ) ١٢٩٥ ﻫ ـ . ﻕ ( ﺪﻤﳏ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﻟﻭﻭ ، ﺔﻨﺳ ﺎﺿﺭ ) ١٢٥٥ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( ﺔﻨﺳ ﻭﺃ ، ) ١٢٥٧ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( ﹼﻠﻌﺗﻭ ،ﻥﺍﻭﺮﻳﺇ ﰲ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺭ ﰒ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻪﻴﺑﺃ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻢ ،ﺔﻨﺳ ﺓﺮﺸﻋ ﱵﻨﺛﺍ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺰﻳﱪﺗ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻟﻮﺻﺃﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟ ﻕﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺰﻳﱪﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺟﺎﻫ ﰒ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺭ ﰒ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻞﺟﻷ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻋ ﻊﺑﺭﺃ ﺓﺪﳌ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻲﻘﺑﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ . ﺎﺿﺭ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﰲﻮﺗ ﺔﻨﺳ ﱐﺍﻭﺮﻳﻹﺍ ) ١٣١٩ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( ﺔﻨﺳ ﲔﺘﺳﻭ ﻊﺑﺭﺃ ﻦﻋ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﰲ . ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ، ﺹ ٤٢،٤٣ . ٥ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻩﻮﻛﺯﻭﲑﻓ ﰲ ﺪﻟﻭ ،ﱂﺎﻌﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻲﻫﻮﻛﺯﻭﲑﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ) ١٢٥٠ ـﻫ . ﺵ ( ﺔﻨﺳ ﻭﺃ ) ١٢٥١ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟ ﺮﺟﺎﻫ ﰒ ،ﻪﻴﺑﺃ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺗﻭ ﹰﺎﳌﺎﻋ ﻩﻮﺑﺃ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ، ﺻﺇﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﻔ ﺻﺇ ﰲ ﻪﺗﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻬ ﻔ ﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﻗﺎﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻬ ﺟ ﺍ ﻪ ﰒ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺓﺯﺎﺟﺇ ﺬﺧﺃﻭ ،ﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺭ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰒ ﻒﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺮﺟﺎﻫ . ﺔﻨﺳ ﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﰲﻮﺗ ) ١٣٢٧ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( ﰲ ﻦﻓﺩﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﰲ ﺀﻼﺑﺮﻜﻟﺍ . ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ﺹ ٤٣ . ٦ ﺔﻨﺳ ﺪﻟﻭ ﲔﺴﺣ ﺍﺯﲑﻣ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻷﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﳏ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ) ١٢٨٩ ﻫ ـ . ﻕ ( ﻪﺗﺮﺳﺃ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ، ﺍ ﻞﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﻟ . ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﺬﺧﺃ ﱴﺣ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺩ . ﺔﻨﺳ ﺭﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﳏ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﰲﻮﺗ ) ١٣٤١ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﰲ . ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ٤٥ .
١٢ ٧ ﻢﻇﺎﻛ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﻌ . ١ ٨ -ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ . ٢ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﹼﻛﺭ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺰ ﺑﺄ ﻠﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳ ﻴ ﺩﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗﻭ ،ﻚ ، ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺪﻠﺍ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻰﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻭ ،ﺚﺣﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﲑﻏﻭ ﺩﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺘﺑ ﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻮﻜﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱐﺍﺮ ﻦﻣ ﻥ ) ٩٥٥ ( ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ) ١٨ ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺃ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﺳ ١٣٠٧ ـﻫ . ﺵ (، ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ ) : ٨ / ٥ / ١٩٢٨ ﻡ( ، ﲏﻌﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻡﻮﻳ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻟﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘ ﻹ ﻦﻴﻋ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻟ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺼ ) ﻥﻮﻴﺳﻻﻮﺘﻴﺑﺎﻛ (. ٣ ﻷﺍ ﺪﻠﺍ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ ﺖﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰒ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻭ ﻦﻴﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻛﺃ ﱪ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﳍﺍ ﺭﻭﺍﺩ ) ١٣١٣ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ (، ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ ) : ١٩٣٤ ﻡ( ﲔﻨﻘﺘﻟ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻴﻘﺑ ﺎﻣ ﳌﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒ ﰲ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﳍﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃﻭ ، : ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺮﺟﻭﱪﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻱﻮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﷲﺍﺮﺼﻧ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﺠﻓﻷﺍ ﺎﺿﺭ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ،ﱐﺎﻘﻤﳌﺍ ﷲﺍﺪﺳﺃ ﺍﻮﺟﻭ ،ﺭﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﳏﻭ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺮﻣﺎﻋ ﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﻓﺪﻟﺍ ﲔﺘﻣ . ﺎﳘﻭ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺪﻠﺍ ،ﺔﺌﻴﳍﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻧﻭﺩﻭ ﻮﻜﺘﻳ ﻧ ﻥﺎ ﻦﻣ ) ٣٨٠ ( ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ . ﺍﺬﻭ ﺃ ﻞﻤﻛ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ) ١٣١٤ ـﻫ . ﺵ (، ﻖﻓﺍﻮﳌﺍ ) : ١٩٣٥ ﻡ( ﻮﻜﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻥ ) ١٣٣٥ ( ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ . ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ ١ ﺔﻨﺳ ﺪﻟﻭ ،ﻲﻫﻮﻛﺯﻭﲑﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺮﻬﺻ ،ﱐﺍﺮﻬﻄﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﻋ ﻢﻇﺎﻛ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ) ١٢٦٤ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﰲ ﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺗﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﺬﺧﺃﻭ ﻢﻬﻨﻣﻭ ،ﻒ : ﺻﻹﺍ ﻊﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻔ ﺀﺎﻴﺿ ﺎﻗﺁﻭ ،ﻱﺯﺍﲑﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻘﺗ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺍﺯﲑﻣﻭ ،ﱐﺎﻬ ﻱﺩﺰﻴﻟﺍ ﻢﻇﺎﻛ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻗﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ . ﺔﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻄﺑ ﰲﻮﺗﻭ ) ١٣٥٣ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( . ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ٤٤ . ٢ ﻦﻛﺭ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﺍﺯﲑﻣ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﺰﻳﱪﺗ ﻯﺮﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻗ ﺞﳒﺄﺑ ﺪﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻨﲟ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ،ﺔﻟﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﻭﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﹼﻠﻌﺗﻭ ،ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻞﺻﺍﻭ ﰒ ،ﺰﻳﱪﺗ ﺱﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺪﺘﺑﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ ﺱﺭﺩ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺭ ﰒ ،ﺲﻳﺭﺎﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺝﺮﲣﻭ ﺲﻳﺭﺎﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺐﻫﺫ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰒ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻄﻳﻹﺍﻭ ﺑ ﺲﻴﻟ ﱐﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻴﺣﻭ ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲﻮﺗ ،ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﱂﺎﻌ ) ١٣٢٩ ﻫ ـ . ﺵ ( ﰲ ﻦﻓﺩﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﰲ ﻱﺭ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ . ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ٤٦ . ٣ ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ٤٨ .
