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Source: Maria, Hedwig.2007.English Grammar Book Revised Edition. Jember: Saint Paul Chatolic Senior High School | 1 soon, immediately, to night

Uses : 1. Activity happen in the future 2. Clauses of conditional

Present Future Continuous

Uses : 1. Activity has been planned but not happen

 Present habit

 Agreement, appointme nt, contemporary schedule  Express a polite way of

asking about somebody’s plan in the future

Future Perfect Continuous

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Source: Maria, Hedwig.2007.English Grammar Book Revised Edition. Jember: Saint Paul Chatolic Senior High School | 3

PASSIVE VOICE

No.

Tenses

Active

Passive

1 Simple Present S + � (s/es) S + is/am/are + �

2 Present Future S + will + � S + will be + �

3 Present Perfect S + has/have + � S + has/have + been + �

4 Present Continuous S + is/am/are + �_{� �} S + is/am/are + being + �

5 Present Future Perfect S + will + have + � S + will + have + been + �

6 Present Future Continuous S + will be + �_{� �} S + will be + being + �

7 Present Perfect Continuous S + has/have + been + �_{� �} S + has/have + been + being + �

8 Present Future Perfect

Continuous S + will + have + been + �� S + will + have + been + being + �

9 Simple Past S + � S + was/were + �

10 Past Future S + would + � S + would + be + �

11 Past Perfect S + had + � S + had + been + �

12 Past Continuous S + was/were + �_{� �} S + was/were + being + �

13 Past Future Perfect S + would + have + � S + would + have + been + �

14 Past Future Continuous S + would + be + �_{� �} S + would + be + being + �

15 Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + �_{� �} S + had + been + being + �

16 Past Future Perfect _Continuous S + would + have + been + �_{� �} S + would + have + been + being + �

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MODAL AUXILIARY

1. Request : will, would, can, would

2. Asking advice : shall (just for I and we), should Giving advice : should

3. Giving suggestion : shall

4. Offer : would, shall, should, can 5. Permission

 Ask : may, can

 Give : may, can

 Refuse : mayn’t, mustn’t

6. Possibility : may, might, can, could 7. Impossibility : can’t, couldn’t, mayn’t 8. Obligation : must (have to) >< needn’t

don’t have to

don’t need to

9. Certainty : must >< can’t, couldn’t 10.Ability : can (present), could (past)

Modal Auxiliary in the past

Could : ability = to be able to

Would : past future

Could : permission = to be allowed to

Had to : obligation

Modal Perfect

Present Future Perfect

Past Future Perfect Continuous type 3

(-)

Ability

Permission

(+)

Possibility

Imposibility

Conclusion

will + have + � would + have + �

should + have + � can/could + have + � may + have + �

can/could + have + � may/might + have + �

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CONDITIONAL

Type 1 Present Future if Present

Simple/ Continuous/ Perfect

Type 2 fact in the present

Type 3 fact in the past

SUBJUNCTIVE

always doesn’t happen

1. S + �� ℎ

� � � ℎ + sentence → past simple

past perfect

2. S + wished + sentence (Past Perfect)

fact:

3. S + P + as if + sentence → past simple past → present

past perfect past perfect → past

4. If only + sentence → past simple past perfect

CAUSATIVE

 Active Causative

S + make/have/let + agent + � + (obj) have : ask

S + get + agent + to � (obj) make : force (memaksa) let : permission, allow

 Passive Causative get : persuade (merayu)

S + have/let/get/make + obj + � by agent S + will + � if S + � (s/es)

S + would + � if S + �

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PRESENT PARTICIPLE

1. Used in noun phrase 2. Used in continuous 3. Used after verbs

a. See + object → present participle �

b. Certain verb (catch find, spend, waste, be busy) 4. To replace sub clause of time and reason

a. Adverbial clause of time and reason

Conjunction Tenses Present Participle

when/ while/ because simple/ continuous �_{� �} after/ because perfect having �

b. Adjective clause

Tenses Present Participle simple/ continuous �_{� �}

perfect having �

future to �

PAST PASTICIPLE

1. Used in noun phrase 2. Used in perfect 3. Used in passive voice

4. To replace sub clause in passive

a. Adverbial clause of time and reason

Conjunction Tenses Past Participle

when/ while simple �

because continuous being � after/ because perfect having been �

b. Adjective clause

Tenses Past Participle

simple �

continuous being � perfect having been �

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CLAUSES

Adjective Clause

Subject Object Possesive

Person who whom whose

Thing which which whose/ of which

Noun Clause

The conjunction : that and all of WH-question such as who, where, which, what, when, and how

Adverbial Clause

Adverbial clause Conjunction

Time after, as soon as, when, while, until,

before, since, whenever

Reason because, as, since, for

Concension although, though, even though, even if

Purpose so that, in order that

Place where, where ever

Condition if, unless, on condition that

Manner (tingkah laku) as, as if

Comparison (perbandingan) as … as, than, more

Result so … that, such … that, so