rd
THE 3 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION
AISTEEL
AND
EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Supported and Coordinated by:
Postgraduate School
State University of Medan
North Sumatera, Indonesia
Organized by:
Indexing By :
PROCEEDINGS
Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan - Indonesia
03-04 October 2018
Vol. 3, December 2018
Vol. 3, December 2018
2018
i
Proceedings of The 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on
Transformative
Education
and
Educational
Leadership
(AISTEEL 2018)
“
Education, Learning, and Leadership Innovation
”
Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia
October 3-4, 2018
Editorial Board
Editorial-in-Chief
Dr. Juniastel Rajagukguk, M.Si (State University of Medan, Unimed)
Deputy Editor
Dr. Saronom Silaban, M.Pd (State University of Medan, Unimed)
International Advisory Board / Scientific Committee
Prof. Dr. Kala Saravanamuthu (University of Newcastle, Australia)
Prof. Arjen EJ Wals (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)
Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd (Unimed, Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Aytekin Isman (Sakarya University, Turkey)
Prof. Peter Charles Taylor, Ph.D., Med., B.Sc., Dip.Ed (Murdoch University, Australia)
Prof. Dr. Mukhlas Samani, Ph.D (Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Jailani bin Md. Yunos (University Tun Hussein on Malaysia)
Prof. Dr. Nurahimah Mohd. Yusuf (UTM, Malaysia)
Assoc. Prof. Dr Pedro Isaias (University of Queensland, Australia)
Assoc. Prof. Elisabeth Taylor, Ph.D (Murdoch University, Australia)
Dr. Bambang Sumintono, M.Ed (Universiti Malaya, Malaysia)
Dr. Isma Widyaty, M.Pd (UPI, Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Syahrul R, M.Pd (UNP, Indonesia)
Prof. Amrin Saragih, MA., Ph.D (Unimed, Indonesia)
Assoc. Prof. Ade Gafar Abdullah, M.Si (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Eng. Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd (Universitas Negeri Semarang)
ii
Proceedings of the 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on Transformative Education
and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018)
Preface
The 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership
(AISTEEL 2018) was held in Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City-Indonesia on 3-4 October 2018.
This seminar is organized by Postgraduate School, Univesitas Negeri Medan and become a routine
agenda at Postgraduate program of Unimed now.
The AISTEEL is realized this year with various presenters, lecturers, researchers and students from
universities both in and out of Indonesia participating in, the seminar with
theme “Education,
Learning and Leadership Innovation.”
The plenary speakers coming from various provinces in Indonesia have been present topics covering
multi disciplines. They have contributed many inspiring inputs on current trending educational
research topics all over the world. The expectation is that all potential lecturers and students have
shared their research findings for improving their teaching process and quality, and leadership.
The third AISTEEL presents a keynote speaker and 4 distinguised invited speakers from Australia,
Singapore, Taiwan, and Malaysia. In addition, presenters come from various Government and Private
Universities, Institutions, Academy, and Schools. Some of them are those who have sat and will sit in
the oral defence examination.
There are 326 articles submitted to committee, some of which are presented orally in parallel sessions,
and others are presented through posters. The articles have been reviewed by double blind reviewer
and 198 of them were accepted for published by Atlantis Press indexed by International Indexation.
Meanwhile 83 papers were published in online International Proceedings indexed by Google Scholar.
The Committees of AISTEEL invest great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the
conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.
Grateful thanks to all of members of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative
Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018) for their outstanding contributions. Thanks
also given to Universitas Negeri Medan for published this volume.
The Editors
iii
Table of Contents
Titles and Authors
page
Design of Physical Practicum Tools on Rotational Dynamics Matter with
Scientific Concept
1
Fretty Doharni Ritonga; Nurdin Bukit; Betty M.Turnip...
Analysis of the Leading Sector and Its Effect on the Economy in Pakpak Bharat
Regency
6
Dinar Melani Hutajulu; M. Nasir; Arwansyah
...Analyze the Characteristic and Factors Cause of Bullying Behaviours in Early
Childhood
12
Fadhilah Syam Nasution; Anita Yus; Aman Simaremare...
Play Finger Painting in Creative Art Model to Help Smooth Motoric
Development and Creativity of Group a in Kindergarten at Aek Loba Pekan
Village
18
Lola Wita Harahap; Sri Milfayetty; Rosmala Dewi...
Maintenance of Gayonese Kinship Terms by Gayonese Minority Migrants in
Jabodetabek
22
Desi Purnama Sari; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Berlin Sibarani...
Effect of Functional Training and TRX Suspension Training on Body
Composition member Golden Fitness and Spa
26
Rafliansyah; Nurhayati Simatupang; Albadi Sinulingga...
Interpersonal Metaphor Used in the Boss Baby Movie
29
Khairuni Syafitri; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Anni Holila Pulungan...
Speech Act in Indonesia Lawyers Club: KPK vs Novanto
32
Theresia Fransiska Sidabutar; Zainuddin; Busmin Gurning...
The Effect of Instructional Strategy and Style Ofthinking Secuential on Students
Outcome MAN Medan
36
Siti Aisyah Hanim; Tiur asih siburian; Darwin...
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Models and Self Efficacy on Student
Mathematics Learning Outcomes
39
Sabdo Puji Rahayu; Mukhtar; Keysar Panjaitan...
Ideational Grammatical Metahpor in Reading Texts for Senior High School
English Textbooks
43
Diemam Ferzhawana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Zainuddin...
Effect of Soft Modification on Student Learning Results PAB 13 Kwala Begumit
Private Vocational School
47
Iskandar Fahmi...
Differences in Metacognitive Ability of Students Through Learning Realistic
Mathematics Education and Problem Based Learning in Pangkalan Susu Senior
High School
51
Chairi Mutia Lubis; Waminton Rajagukguk; Kms.M.Amin Fauzi...
Development of Interactive Learning Media Projection of Working Drawing on
Students of Class X TKR in SMK Markus 2 Medan
56
Irwan Panggabean; R. Mursid; Samsidar Tanjung...
Metaphor of Modality in Donald Trump’s Speech in
United Nation General Assembly 2017
60
Nursyah Handaya; Siti Aisyah Ginting...
Traditional Sport Of Silek Tuo In Minangkabau Community (a study of Silek tuo
iv
Prima Nanda; Sabaruddin Yunis; Agung Sunarn...
Improved Student’s Generic Science Skills With The Application of Cooperative
Learning Models Based on Batak Culture
66
Rika Sari Indah Harahap; Derlina; Rahmatsyah; Sahyar; Bornok...
Management Development Athletes of Shorinji Kempo North Sumatra Region
71
Arti Kurniaty Bangun...
Efforts to Improve Learning Results Free Basketball Shot (Free Throw) Through
The Application of Teaching Style Inclusion
75
Bob Rahmat Manalu... ...
Development of Egosan Engineering Extension Models with Straight Sticking in
Pencak Silat
77
William Filipus; Amir Supriadi; Tarsyad Nugraha...
The Development of Interactive Learning Media of Athletic on Physical
Education in SMP Negeri 15 Medan
81
Akhmad Khaidir; Budi Valianto; Tarsyad Nugraha...
The Effect of Learning Model and Self-Reliance Learning toward Science
Learning Outcomes
84
Rohima; Mukhtar; Samsidar Tanjung...
The Effect of Learning Method and Kinesthetic Perception on The Learning
Outcomes of Lay Up Basketball
88
Saiful Adrian; N
urhayati Simatupang; Suprayitno………....
Analysis Of Physical Education Teacher Management Skills In State Elementary
School Sub-District Medan Tembung
91
Syahrul Effendi Nasution; Amir Supriadi; Albadi Sinulingga...
Innovation Of The Speed Model Using Running With The Ball Techniques In
Football
95
Julio Roberto; Amir Supriadi; Novita... ...
The Development of Penetration Drill Training Technique of Wrestling Sport
99
Ihsan Idris Silalahi; Jan Bobby Nesra Barus...
Speech Function of Anies Baswedan’s
Speech in Approval Ceremony as the
Governor of Jakarta in the Period of 2017-2022
102
Ahmad Rifa’i Ritonga; Sumarsih
... ...
Development of Web-Based Learning Media to Enhance Writing Capability of
Biography Text of Student Class X SMA
105
Rencus B. Sinabariba, Tiur Asi Siburian, Mutsyuhito Solin...
Implementing the Teaching Supervision by Principals in Improving the
Performance of Teachers in Aceh Besar
109
Said Ashlan... ... ...
Female Principal Leadership
115
Hendro Widodo; Hengkang Bara Saputra... ...
The Ways of Rohingya Teenagers in Medan Realized Their Language Attitude
120
I Wayan Dirgayasa; Rahmat Husein; Lonni NurIffah Nasution...
Metaphor in Umpasa of Saurmatua Toba Batak Ceremony
124
Heppy Yersin Digita Purba; Rahmad Husein; Anni Holila Pulungan...
The Influence of Part Method, Whole Method and Determination Exercise
Methods on Improving Exercise in the Sports Branch of Pencak Silat Single Art
Category of College Students SPDKK (Art of Kencana Kwitang Self Defense)
Deli Serdang Year 2018/2019
127
Mawar Sari... ... ...
v
Philosophy
of Rakut Sitelu
Desi Haryati Nianggolan...
Evaluation of Implementation of Sustainable Professional Development (PKB)
for Junior High School Physical Education Teachers to Increase Professionalism
in Tebing Tinggi City
135
Mhd Fazar Afandi...
Development of Innovative PJOK teaching materials on floor gymnastics
materials to improve learning outcomes of Grade Students at Junior Hight School
138
Bangun Saragih...
The Influence of the Discovery Learning Model assisted with Image Media and
Motivation Against Civics Learning Outcomes of Students in Class IV of Public
Elementary Schools 055980 Aman Damai 2017/2018
142
Heryansyah Ginting; Dede Ruslan; Reh Bungana Br.Perangin-angin...
Development of science teaching materials based on Science Technology Society
(STM) and its influence on learning outcomes of fourth grade students of MIN
Medan Tembung
149
Diah Hafizhotul Husna; Nuraini; Ramlan Silaban...
The Improvement of Cooperative Learning Model Application Skill in Numbered
Head Together Through Clinical Supervision of Art Teacher in SDN 060886
Medan Baru
154
Unita Vitta Omas Sianturi; Martua Manullang; Rosmala Dewi...
Gold of North Sumatera Program Coach Performance
159
Suyono; Hariadi; Supryetno...
Transitivity Systems Analysis of Bilingual Civic 3 Education Textbook for Grade
XII
163
Jusup Sitepu; Anni Holila Pulungan; I Wayan Dirgeyasa Tangkas...
The Lecturer Performance Development of the STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena
Banda Aceh
169
Saiful Bahri...
The Interference of Batak Mandailing Language to Indonesian (In The Interaction
At The Seventh
Grade Students Of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Al-Azhar
Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Padang Sidimpuan)
175
Siti Jahria Sitompul; Abdurrahman Adisaputera; Sumarsi...
The Influence of Microbiology Dictionary and Microbiology Textbook
Utilization in the Contextual Learning Framework on Biology Students Higher
Order Thinking Skills
177
Kiki Rizqi Sahara; Hasruddin; Ashar Hasairin...
The Differences of Learning Style and St
udents’ Creativity to Students’
Achievement in Dribbling the Ball in Playing Football of Seventh Grade Students
of SMP Ar
–
Rahman Percut
180
Muammar Afif Marpaung; Imran Akhmad; Rahma Dewi...
Development of Gobag Sodor Game Model to Increase Interest in Elementary
Students
184
Siska Nova Undari...
The Influence of Research-Based Learning with Portfolio Assessment on Science
Process Skills in Microbiology Course for Biology Program Students
187
Saudah Rahmayanti; Hasruddin; Tumiur Gultom...
The Influence of Teaching Style and Confident Against the Results of a Study of
Shooting in the Game of Football (Experiment Studies the Self Check Style and
vi
Tembung Sabilina)
Muhammad Syaiful; Ramadhan Harahap...
Development of Mirror Writing Teaching Materials Based on Class XI Media
Literation of Lolomatua 1 State High School
195
Yanida Bu'ulolo; Biner Ambarita; Marice...
The Development of Teaching Materials for Technology- Assisted Procedure
Text in Vocational High School
197
Nova Andarini; Biner Ambarita; Malan Lubis...
Development of Adobe Flash Based Floor Gymnastics Media Learning on Health
Sport Education Lesson
201
Hardiansyah...
The Effect of Learning Approach and Linguistic Competence Capability Reading
The English Narative Text of Student SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan.
206
Sukriyah Batubara; Keysar Panjaitan...
……….
Analysis Effect of Household Consumption, Investment and Labor to Economy
Growth In Sumatera Utara
209
Richna Handriyani; Arwansyah; Sahyar...
Idioms Translation Strategies in Pasung Jiwa Novel English Version
213
Hariyanto; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih...
Code Mixing in Novel: A Case of Indonesian Literary Work
216
Nurul Hidayanti Hasibuan; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih...
Logico-Semantic Relation in Presidential Debate Between Hillary Clinton and
Donald Trump
221
Annisa Risma Khairani Lubis; Della Fransiska Ginting; Jumino Suhadi...
Semiotic Meanings in Cigarette Advertisement Texts
227
Rodearta Purba; Zainuddin; Amrin Saragih...
Modality as Hedging Device in the US Presidential Election Debate
232
Roobby Hamdanur; Anni Holila Pulungan; Zainuddiin...
The Improving Mathematical Communication Ability Through Realistic
Mathematical Approach Based on Toba Batak Culture
235
Aman Sanusi Siregar...
Speech Functions of Doctors and Patients on Medical Consultation Process
239
Resti Citra Dewi; Anni Holila Pulungan, Sumarsih...
The Development of Venturimeter Instrumentation in Dynamic Fluid
243
Zahrani Dalimunthe; Rahmatsyah; Derlina...
Lexical Metaphors in Onang-onang of Bobby and Kahiyang Tortor Dance
246
Siti Rahma Ritonga; Anni Holila Pulungan; Didik Santoso...
The Discourse Markers in President Joko Widodo’s Speeches in KTT APEC
China in 2015
249
Syahbuddin Nasution1; Busmin Gurning; I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas...
Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for AISTEEL Conference
Proceedings
Translator’s Strategies in Transferring Cultural Values in Ratatouille
Film
254
Femy Septiani; Anni Holila Pulungan...
Lexical Metaphor In Printed Car Advertisements
258
Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih...
Political Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump Political Speech
263
Elisa Silviani Siregar; Prof. Dr.Zainuddin, M.Hum; Prof.Dr. Sri MindaMurni,
MS... ...
vii
Nurliana Harahap; Mahendra Ginting Manik; Indah Listiana...
Appraisal of Healthy Product Advertisement on Television
274
Nurun Nazipah Harahap; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Rahmad Husein Napitupuluh...
Lexical Metaphor in Andrea Hirata’s “The Dreamer” Novel
277
Nurul Sa’adah; I Wy. Dirgeyasa; Siti Aisyah Ginting
...
Impoliteness Strategies Used by Governor Candidates of DKI Jakarta in Governor
Election Debate 2017
281
Sri Minda Murni; Busmin Gurning
……
...
Intertextuality in Travel Umroh Advertisement
287
Afifah Nurul Khoirot Nasution; Anni Holila Pulungan; Eddy Setia...
Intertextuality on Oral Discourse in Sari Matua Batak Toba Ceremony
290
Dyan Yosephin Hutagalung; Anni Holila Pulungan; Rahmad Husein...
The Effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel to Creatine Kinase
Serum in Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Fatigue from Swimming
293
Rika Nailuvar Sinaga; Jumadin IP; Zulaini...
Analysis of Technology Utilization to Measure The Throw Distance of The Ball
on Hammer Throw
296
Riki Prastian; Agung Sunarno; Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun...
The Interactions of Social Stratification and Karonese Register in Giving Pedah
Pedah Perjabun
300
Elkana Putra Tarigan; Amrin Saragih; Siti Aisyah Ginting...
Implementation Management Training Volleyball Club of Pertamina Year 2017
305
Reza Wibowo; Sanusi Hasibuan; Budi Valianto...
Lexical Metaphor in Printed Car Advertisements
308
Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih...
Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension
Ability In Descriptive Text
Through Flashcard
309
Aisya Hartati...
The Role of Teacher’s Training Model and Technological Approach to the
Improvement of Teachers’ Professionalis
312
Intan Sufiah Batubara...
The Difficulties of Students at the Second Year of St.Thomas 3 Senior High
School Medan in Translating English Idioms into Indonesian
315
Fitri Susi Sinurat...
The Effect Of Applying The Great Wind Blows Strategy On The Students’
Vocabulary Mastery
321
Gisca Irdayana Lubis...
Attitude of Examiners in Thesis Convocation
325
Mara Sutan Siregar...
Politeness Strategies in Mandailing Wedding Ceremony
329
115
Female Principal Leadership
Hendro Widodo
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Ahmad Dahlan University
Yogyakarta, Indonesia hwpgsd1960@gmail.com
Hengkang Bara Saputra
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Ahmad Dahlan University
Yogyakarta, Indonesia hwmpaiuad@gmail.com
Abstract—This article is motivated by the increasing number of female leaders in the public sector, especially in educational institutions. The presence of female headmasters in the education sector shows that women existence is increasingly visible in public spaces in education. Female principals seen from the perspective of leadership certainly have differences with male principals. The success of female headmasters in the education sector has proven that the leadership of women school girls is not only necessary but necessary because women have the ability, strength, courage and heart to lead the people of the school. Therefore in this article discussed the leadership of female principals, both seen from the characteristics of leadership, leadership style and the advantages and disadvantages.
Keywords—Leadership; Headmaster; Women
I. INTRODUCTION
The presence of the principal as a leader in school has a very vital role for the progress of the educational procession in school because the principal's leadership is a factor of the school's change agent. Success or failure of a school will be strongly influenced by the leadership abilities that exist in the principal. Quality schools are certainly led by qualified principals, whereas schools with low quality can be ascertained to be led by principals of low quality. As mentioned in a study conducted by Edmonds (Sagala, 2010: 90) at successful schools in New York, it was concluded that there would never be a good school led by a low quality school principal. This shows that a superior school must be led by a superior school principal.
The existence of female school principals in the education sector shows that women's existence is increasingly seen in public spaces in the world of education. The opportunity for women to become principals is increasingly open and supported by the Minister of National Education Regulation No. 13 of 2007 concerning the Principal Standards that do not matter about women becoming principals because the principals' standards are more emphasized on their competency. This can be proven from the number of Muhammadiyah Elementary School principals in Sleman DIY Regency, from 78 elementary schools, there are 43 schools that are female principals (Dikdasmen PDM Sleman, 2018).
Women and men as creatures of Allah SWT on this earth have the same duties and responsibilities as caliphs (leaders). As a Khalifah on this earth, women and men are equally given the same human potential but it is physiologically and psychologically that humanity distinguishes between men and women. Kartono (1992: 15) states that women are essentially able to work as well as men, women tend to exert excessive labor energy; know working harder (Overworked) because it is driven by a very deep awareness of the importance of duties and obligations.
The female school principal viewed from a leadership perspective certainly has a difference with the male headmaster. Based on trait theory, gender differences have an impact on leadership that male and female leaders differ based on their nature. Contemporary feminism theory explains that many biological factors determine social differences between men and women (Rossi in Ritzer, 2012: 86). The roles of men and women naturally have different roles so that the determination of the different social roles of men and women. However, in the gender equality paradigm, the role of women can also position the roles generally played by men, including as principals. As mentioned in the poll conducted by UNDP in the journal Management of Education (Halilah, 2010: 38) about behavior and perceptions of women's social, economic and political participation revealed that 77.6% of male and female respondents viewed that men men must be decision makers and lead the community. Findings from the survey indicate that there are still some people who doubt the ability to lead a woman. Even though women actually have a strategic role both in their family and environment (Aulia and Rustono, 2016: 962).
116 leader and his or her follower). Both opinions indicate that in leadership there are subordinates / followers who are given influence and leaders who influence.
Lunenburg and Ornstein (2000: 114) suggested that "Leadership is a relationship between two or more people in influence and power is unevenly distributed. The purpose of the statement is that leadership is a relationship between two or more people where the influence and power are distributed unevenly. Gibson, Ivancevich, and Konopaske (2003: 299) state that: The leadership definition implies that it involves the use of influence and that all interpersonal relationships can involve leadership. Leader effectivity is usually one of the combinations of the goals. Individuals may view the leader as affective according to the satisfaction they derive from the total work experience. This definition of leadership provides a signal that leadership is an interaction between members in one group. A leader is an agent of change, someone whose behavior will influence others more than the influence of others influencing him. Leadership arises when one group member changes the motivation or competency of another member in a group. This definition requires that leadership involves the use of force and all relationships can involve leadership. An effort uses an influence style and does not force it to motivate individuals to achieve goals.
Leadership as one of the management functions is very important to achieve the goals of the institution, because in the leadership there is a process of influencing others so that others follow and work together in achieving the stated goals. As stated by Amirullah and Hanafi (2002: 165) that leadership is a person who has the authority to give assignments, has the ability to persuade or influence other people (subordinates) through a good relationship pattern to achieve predetermined goals.
Based on the definition of leadership above, it can be understood that leadership has various meanings, depending on the expert's point of view, and also depends on the context. The definition of leadership can be concluded that leadership is a process of mobilizing various resources and influencing others to work together to achieve the goals that have been set effectively and efficiently.
Thus, based on the notion of leadership, the researchers put forward the leadership of female school principals is a process or effort of the female principal in influencing, encouraging,
guiding, directing and mobilizing teachers, staff, students, parents and other related parties to work to achieve set goals. In other words, how do principals make other people work to achieve school goals. The leadership of female school principals is the ability and readiness of female school principals to influence, guide, direct and mobilize school staff to be able to work effectively and efficiently in order to achieve the educational and teaching goals that have been set.
B. Characteristics of Female Principals
The school principal as the leader of the school organization, has different characteristics between one school principal and another, in influencing school citizens to achieve school goals, including the leadership of a female school principal.
117
According to Ditaria (2016: 8), women tend to have a feminine leadership style. Feminine leadership style, is a form of active leadership. This kind of leadership is one of the processes by which the leader is the manager of another person, steward or carrier of experience. According to Fitriani (2015: 16), the characteristics of the feminine leadership style are: not aggressive, dependent, emotional, very subjective, easily influenced, passive, uncompetitive, difficult to make decisions, not easily offended, not like speculation, lack of confidence in yourself, and need a safe race. Women also tend to use transformational leadership more because they are more emotional and democratic. This transformational leadership encourages and increases awareness of the importance and value of the goals to be achieved later and shows how to show them, encourages employees to prioritize group interests rather than personal interests, and increases the needs of higher employees such as self-actualizing self-esteem. (Meizara, et al, 2016: 180). So, transformational leadership is a process in which leaders take actions to increase the awareness of their colleagues as what is right and what's important, to increase the awareness of their colleagues and encourage them to go beyond their personal interests in order to achieve the benefit of groups, organizations, and community (Bless, 2015: 2).
According to Robbin (2001: 35), there is indeed a tendency for differences in leadership styles between women and men because of their nature. The difference between women and men is that women have a more democratic leadership style. They encourage participation, various powers and information, and try to increase "benefit" for their followers. They tend to lead through involvement or empowerment and based on charisma, expertise, contact, and interpersonal expertise in influencing others. Whereas men feel more comfortable with a directive style (emphasizing in ways that are mandatory). They are more based on the position of formal authority as a basis for them to influence. The difference that can be seen next is how women and men communicate. That women emphasize on the relationship of intimacy, while men speak and emphasize status and independence.
According to Eutrovia Iin K. & Muhyadi (2015: 43), differences in leadership between men and women are as follows: a) Men are more concerned about matters related to finance and salary than women who are more concerned about people in school and their workload; b) Men strive in competitive terms, whereas women are more concerned about cooperation and sharing, and work in teams; c) men tend to be easily satisfied with their work, while women still doubt; and d) men want status and appreciation, while women don't want status.
A woman as head of school is very possible to realize a superior school, both from the academic side and even superior to non-academic, because the woman's leadership style is more approach to kinship with egalitarian attitude, empowering all members and emphasizing organizational structure, because for improving the effectiveness of leadership of a school principal is required to maintain
flexibility, teamwork, trust, and information sharing. This is done well by women (Halilah, 2010: 2). Similarly, the results of research conducted by Endarwati, et al (2017: 182) concluded that democratic leadership style is more dominantly carried out by women leaders with family characteristics, motherhood, and collegiality. Such leadership style does not reduce the power of an educational leader, precisely with this style the leader can be closer to the one he leads.
Therefore, the presence of female school principals in public spaces of education is not only needed even now has become a necessity for education providers because women actually have the strength, competence, courage, and heart to lead for educational institutions, and in essence a person women also have the nature of leadership.
D. Strengths and Weaknesses of School Principal Leadership Every individual has the nature of being a leader, both as a leader himself and as a leader for others and organizations. Every leader will be held accountable by Allah SWT both in the world and in the hereafter. Every leader, both male and female, has the strengths and weaknesses of each, but with the strengths that are owned as a force to move and influence others in achieving their goals, while weaknesses are used as an encouragement to do their best to achieve their goals which has been aspired.
According to Halilah (2015: 8), the advantages of women's leadership compared to men are: a) women are more likely to devote their time to the interests of students; b) women are more communicative; c) women pay more attention to individual differences and higher motivation; c) administration is more likely to be better teaching methods and techniques than men; d) female administrators are more likely to show a more democratic nature and participatory style; e) female administrators are more likely to consider inputs from their members; f) women are more able to participate and it is said that women's leadership in educational institutions from elementary to high school is more effective than men.
118
and educate. This continues to be socially evolved and slowly influences the emotional development, vision and ideology of female principals in carrying out the role of educator; fifth, women as leaders pay more attention to collaboration, caring, empathy are not dominant and respect for everyone; sixth, women have the same potential as men and even women show many advantages in school administrator positions compared to men; seventh, women are more cautious, wise and more collegial than men and faster in making decisions;
Eighth, school principals must carry out duties as educators, leaders, administrators and supervisors. The implication is that women tend to be careful, prudent and maintain the availability of resources so that school activities run effectively and efficiently. Supervision of school principals is carried out based on the work program. The truth of supervision program preparation is not in doubt, because women tend to follow the rules of the center. Women are more loyal to following the rules because when they first served as principals they taught longer, older than men. The principal prepares a written supervision program at the beginning of the year; ninth, women tend to be more procedural and open in preparing supervision programs. Teaching supervision helps teachers improve their performance. The strength of women as supervisors compared to men is that they know teachers better and supervise teachers directly. The implication is that the relationship of women as supervisors with teachers is based on understanding the needs and increasing the maturity of the teacher. Monitoring student achievement is to improve academic achievement, and it requires the ability of the principal; tenth, women as principals devote their time to monitoring students, are more communicative, pay more attention to individual differences and try to help students compared to men as principals. A successful woman leader has the ability to: a) create a vision, line the person behind him, and develop a plan to do; b) communicate it in a way that gives rise to trust and confidence; c) motivate followers to support the effort needed to achieve organizational goals; d) build a team that understands and respects mutual dependence and synergy; e) shows emotional intelligence; f) taking risks that will benefit the organization; and g) developing a strong network and will support the achievement of goals and professional success (Frankel, 2007: 17; Aulia and Rustono, 2016: 965).
Tan (1991) describes some of the obstacles that arise from women's leadership, among others are: (1) physical barriers, such as containing, giving birth, and breastfeeding. This requirement is considered to reduce their freedom to be continuously active in various fields of life, (2) theological barriers that for a long time women are seen as creatures created for men, including accompanying them, entertaining them, and taking care of their needs, (3) social culture, especially in stereotypical forms. This view sees women as passive, weak, feeling, dependent, and accepting. On the contrary, men are considered as being active, strong, intelligent, independent, etc., (4) attitudinal barriers that are, among others, raised by dichotomous views between the duties of women and men. women are considered to be home
creatures, while men are seen as being outdoors, (5) historical obstacles. The lack of names of women in history in the past can be used to justify women's inability to act as men (Wulandari, 2018: 127).
The strengths and weaknesses of the female school principals above need to be realized by every female leader, because every leader must have strengths and weaknesses, but the most important thing is that the strengths that they have become individual strengths in their leadership, but from their weaknesses they should be motivated to continue acting best in leadership to achieve the school goals that have been set. Therefore, based on the advantages possessed by female principals, it is not impossible that schools can be more advanced and develop even superior and achievers because they are led by female principals.
III. CONCLUSION
Women as leaders in the education sector are increasingly wide open, especially for the position of headmaster. Women actually have the same nature of leadership as men, it's just that space and opportunity sometimes do not take sides with women even though both have the same rights. Female principals are biologically and psychologically different from male principals, and in terms of school progress, female principals have equal potential and ability even more than male leadership in improving school quality. The different characters between female and male leadership, their leadership style and their respective strengths and weaknesses, actually become strengths and disparities in advancing school. Therefore, the current leadership of female principals is not only needed but is needed so that its existence as a leader in school is increasingly evident.
References
[1] Amirullah, and Rindyah Hanafi. Introduction to Management. Malang: Graha Ilmu. 2002
[2] Andang. Principal Management & Leadership "Concepts, Strategies & Innovations towards Effective Schools". Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media Group. 2014
[3] Ditaria. 2016. Gender Analysis of Women's Leadership Role in the Population and Civil Registration Service of Bantul Regency. Journal of Government Science.
[4] Endarwati, M. Lies; Komariah Kokom, Wulandari Puji. 2017. Women's Strengths Leaders in Improving the Quality of Education. Proceedings of the AIMI National Seminar. Jambi, October 27 - 28, 2017
[5] Eutrovia Iin K. & Muhyadi. 2015. Female School Principal Leadership (Case Study of SMKN 7, SMK 1 Bantul, SMKN 1 Paste. Journal of Educational Management Accountability, Vol. 3, No. 1, April 2015. [6] Fitriani, Annisa. 2015. Women's Leadership Style. TAPIs Journal, Vol.
11, No.2 July-December 2015.
[7] Frankel, Lois P., 2007. See Jane Lead ~ 99 Tips for Successful Leadership for Women. Jakarta: Gramedia Main Library.
[8] Halilah. 2010. Women's Leadership in Educational Management. Management Journal of Education, Vol 1, Issue 1. Pages 1-9
[9] Hasan, A. Othman, A. 2013. When It Comes To Leadership, Does Gender Matter? Arabian Journal Meizara, Eva. et al. 2016. Analysis of Women's Leadership Competencies. Scientific Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 4, No. 02, August 2016.
119
Aksara.
[12] Nur Aulia and Anthon Rustono. 2016. Effect of Women's Leadership on Academic Quality in the Telecommunications and Informatics Business Management Study Program (MBTI) of the Telkom University School of Business Economics. e-Proceeding of Management: Vol.3, No.2 August 2016.
[13] Oedjoe, Mien Ratoe. 2004. Effectiveness of Women's Leadership as Principal. Journal of Educational Sciences, Volume II, No. June 2, 2004. [14] Sadler, P. 1997. Leadership. London: Kogen Page
[15] Stoner, J. A. F., & Wankel, C. 1995. Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Tan, M. G (ed). 1991. Indonesian Women are the Future Leaders? Jakarta: Library of Sinar Harapan
[16] Wahjosumidjo. 2010. Principal Leadership Theoretical Review and Problems. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada
