INDIVIDUAL REPORT
THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR &
VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO
(Shin-K
ō
t
ō
Incineration Plant)
TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
Humanizing Collaboration between Indonesia & Japan
Written By:
Muhammad Andriyadi
Student ID. (120820160050)
Master of Management Program
Faculty of Economics and Business
MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
Japan is a country with a small area, but with its small size does not make Japan an ordinary country, Japan is one of the most advanced and modern countries in Asia that can compete with countries from Continental Europe.
During 5 days in Japan, the author found many interesting things that are encountered when walking in business centers in Tokyo that can not be found in business centers in Indonesia. The author will describe it in this report using PESTLE analysis, said PESTLE is an acronym of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environment, PESTLE is a very useful tool when entrepreneurs want to enter a business environment, with PESTLE analysis can be known Opportunities and threats that exist within the environment.
PESTLE ANALYSIS
Political
Japan is a constitutional monarchy with the emperor as its leader, but the emperor here is more just a symbol, the man who governing all government activities led by a Prime Minister. In Japan there is also a party that represents the aspirations of its people, there are 5 parties, the parties will fight in elections to elect the Prime Minister, the Prime Minister in Japan has a very broad influence in economic, political, and even legal. So the economic activity in Japan is very dependent on who is the position of the Prime Minister at that time, each party bringing its own distinctive features that will be embraced into the systems that will be built. With a relatively stable political condition, Japan has become one of the countries favored by investors and makes Japan ranked 34th for a country with ease of doing business in 2016, while for Indonesia it is still ranked 91. The ease of doing business is somewhat influenced by the political conditions of the country.
Economy
Japan is one of the countries with strong economies, whereas Japan within its territory can not support the availability of sufficient natural resources, but trade with other countries can help weaknesses owned by Japan so that its economy can increase.
Sectors that support the economic movement in Japan come from the service sector, industry, and fisheries. The service sector in Japan accounts for most of Japan's economic revenues, service sector industries in Japan such as banking, insurance, transportation, and telecommunications.
For the industrial sector, which famous all over the world is automotive and electronics, in Indonesia it seems almost all residents know automotive brands that come from Japan such as Honda, Toyota, Yamaha, Suzuki, etc . Even for motorcycles in Indonesia it seems very difficult for players from other countries than Japan to expand its brand in the automotive sector business in Indonesia, Indonesia is pleased with automotive products from Japan because it is famous for its excellent quality in accordance with the work ethic of Japanese people who always want to make something be the
For the fisheries sector in Japan is very developed when compared with Indonesia, the development of fisheries sector in Japan starting from the tools - fishing equipment such as fishing vessels that are sophisticated where the ship has a tool to detect the presence of fish, in addition the profession of fishermen in Japan promising welfare which is better when compared to fishermen in Indonesia, fish catches are the mainstay in Japan is almost all types of tuna, tuna fish is a type of fish that has a high economic value, when getting a large size tuna with A quality can generate sales value Above 10 million rupiah. In addition to sophisticated fishing tools, the development of the fishery sector in Japan is due to the high consumption of fish, the majority of Japanese are like to eat fish so the fishermen do not have to worry if the fish they catch will not be bought by the consumer.
Beside the production and consumption sectors, Japan also has a wholesale center for fishery products such as the Tsukiji Fish Market, in this market is available of all fresh fish, products that sold not only fresh fish but also processed products of fish and cooked fish. Conditions in the fish market is very crowded by people who want to buy fish directly from the fishermen, in this fish market buying and selling interactions that occur is between buyers with sellers or fishermen, in contrast to the fish market in Indonesia where transactions that occur usually between brokers and fishermen,and then brokers will sell back at a price that usually takes a high profit gap. Tsukiji fish market is a traditional market, but when it goes into it does not feel like entering into the traditional market because of its clean, orderly, and odorless condition.
Social
Japan is the 10th largest population in the world with more than 120 million people. Although included in the top 10 largest population in the world but now the birth rate in Japan is low because many people who do not want to get married.
Japan is very respectful of the language of their country, almost all people communicate using the Japanese language, even in business centers that many foreign tourists, merchants always offer a product with japanese language and just few who understand when we want to communicate using English, who understand english most are in the 20 to 30 year age range.
The religion in Japan is the Shinto religion, as time goes other religions entering Japan like Buddha. In Japan every there is almost an exact Buddhist temple around it there is also a Shinto temple, it can be an example for tolerance between religions.
Technology
they are more often using e-mail. Technology also seen from the use of transportation methods, for example is a shinkansen train that has 1 of fastest train in the world.
Legal
If an investor wants to do business in Japan then do not worry about legal factors adopted by Japan, because the legal factor adopted makes it easier for investors to invest in Japan, in addition to bureaucrats work quickly, precisely and efficiently. For the form of wage regulations his work was already clear and did not harm one of the parties involved. The things that make Japan included in the country's high ranking with ease of doing business.
Environment
Japanese are people who have a high work ethic, if in the morning we walk in Tokyo then we can see a lot of people are walking toward the workplace with serious faces as if signaling that they are ready to work on that day. In Japan there is also a culture of shame if in the afternoon have come home from the office and do not get overtime hours, because as if - their performance is less favored by the company so companies do not have to pay them more for overtime, we can say the Japanese is a workaholic.
RECOMMENDATION For Indonesia Government :
1. Improving the political situation in Indonesia to be more stable so that investors are sure to invest.
2. Simplify the bureaucratic system in Indonesia to make it easier.
3. Create a more modern fish market in strategic places and make policies to avoid the brokers who make fish prices high
CROSS CULTURE ANALYSIS
So Clean
The next thing that is amazing from Japan is the spirit in maintaining cleanliness, the streets around Tokyo is very clean, very difficult to find rubbish scattered on the street, even I had a chat with Singaporeans who also admire the cleanliness of Tokyo Prefecture, he said the level of cleanliness in Tokyo is already above Singapore. Yet along the streets of Tokyo is very rare to find a trash can, but the awareness of hygiene is very high to make Japanese people are reluctant to throw rubbish carelessly, if they have small rubbish then the rubbish will they put in their bags until then they will Found a trash can. Culture to maintain cleanliness needs to be adopted by the people in Indonesia, in Indonesia awareness of cleanliness is low which causes the city environment becomes dirty and often lead to disasters such as floods.
Queue Culture
Culture queuing has been deeply rooted in the life of Japanese society, the queue culture that they apply in realization in every line of their life. Queues in Japan are longer than our country but they can queue well because they are very respectful of the rights of others, the example of the queued culture that is seen is when shopping at the supermarket does not seem there is someone trying to grab even though the queue is quite long, we can find the long queue when we are want to use train, when they want to enter the train first act they has to do is make a straight line in front of the entrance, when the train came they did not scramble in front of entrance door, before they get into the train first they welcoming people who want to get out of the train.
Because the queue culture is very strong, when there is someone who can not queue it will be considered like a freak by the surrounding community, queuing is a boring and exhausting activity, to eliminate the boredo, Japanese people usually do activities by using their phone or listen to music with the headset.
High Working Ethos
Workers in Japan are renowned for their high work ethic, they always give maximum performance to the companies that hire them, their high work ethic has been seen since they leave for work, by seeing it directly visible their passion for doing work on that day with the best. The high passion and never give up is a characteristic of Japanese people, from the slogan of the samurai who declared "Better to die than shyness", there is also the term MAKŌTŌ which means to work with passionate spirit, honesty and sincerity, not to mention the spirit and the other motto and philosophy that can Spur work and shape the work ethic of workers in Japan.
In addition to a high work ethic, workers in Japan know how to refreshing and avoiding boredom of work, after finished from their work, even though tomorrow is not a day off, we can be found many employees who have just returned from the office gathered together with colleagues for fun so that tomorrow will be able to face the workload better.
If people from countries that do not adopt or do not have the culture to deviate may be a little surprised by the order shown by the people in Japan, many things that we consider unusual in Indonesia we can not do when we visit Japan, :
1. When we use escalator, the left side is for people who are not too hasty and the right side is using for people who are in a hurry, if we are feeling in no hurry then when the escalator ride on the right side then do not be surprised if there is a Japanese person who scold us.
2. It is quite unique to happen when doing transactions in supermarkets, if visitors want to pay for their groceries, visitors can not give money directly to the cashier, there is a special container located near the cashier that has been prepared to put the money we will pay, then cashier will take the money we put in the container.
3. If you want to smoke, smoke in a place that has been provided, do not - once smoking in public places if you do not want to be captured by the local government. This indiscriminate ban is seriously undertaken in Japan, unlike in Indonesia which already has regulations on smoking bans in public places but there are still many people who do such acts.
4. Do not run too slowly, in Japan the average of them has been accustomed to walking quickly, if they do not want to be rebuked or hit by them then we must follow their speed path.
City Planning
When we visited Japan and have the opportunity to climb high buildings such as Tokyo Sky Tree then we will be amazed by the city's adopted by Tokyo, from above we can see how organized the buildings are.
In building the Japanese government city using monozukuri principle, monozukuri principle is the spirit of planning or design to find solutions to problems faced as quickly, as accurately, and concretely as possible.
In addition to regular urban planning, in built a building is different from that in Indonesia, in Japan the building being built is closed by something that prevents dust or materials from construction scattered and exposed to the public, and within construction there are limits on the noise level generated, do not let the surrounding community is disturbed by the construction activities that are being done.
Always On Time
On time culture is highly respected in Japan, it is several times I feel when heading to a restaurant that has been on our reserved, suppose we order for 18:00 until 19:00, then if we come late for example at 18.30 then our time to eat at the restaurant only half hour left, not one hour, it is because to honored guests who have booked at 19:00 o’clock, if we are late to come then it's our own fault and not a restaurant that should replace the mistakes that we make.
RECOMMENDATION
For the Central and Regional Governments to:
1. Establish a policy on urban hygiene and order and ensure that the policy runs by providing adequate facilities and sanctions applied if there are violations.
COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT
About 20 years ago, the Japanese has not do sorted waste. In the 1960 until 1970, Japanese were still low concerning the issue of waste management. At that time, Japan become an industrial country, so they are not too concerned about environmental problems. The biggest example of such concern is when Minamata contamination cases happen, that cases happen because of Chisso Minamata plant dispose mercury wastes into the oceans and contaminates fish and other marine products. The fishermen and local people who eat fish from the sea around Minamata become victims. In 2001, more than 1,700 people died as a result of the tragedy.
In the 60s and 70s, pollution cases and environmental pollution became part of the growing Japanese industry. In the city of Tokyo itself, waste and household waste becomes a major problem for the environment and disrupt the lives of citizens of Tokyo.
It was only in the mid-1970 began appear the movement of environmental community or "chonaikai" in various cities in Japan. The community raises citizen awareness about how to dispose of garbage and sorting out the waste, so it can make waste processing easier. They are introduced a 3R or Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle theme. Reduce garbage disposal, Reuse, and Recycle.
The movement continues to grow, supported by various layers of society in Japan. Although the environmental care movement in the community is growing rapidly, the Japanese government does not yet have a law regulating waste management. For the government at that time, environmental issues have not been a priority.
Only about 20 years later, after seeing positive developments and great support from all Japanese society, the Law on waste processing passed the Japanese Parliament. In June 2000, the Law on the Recycled Oriented Society of Japan was approved by the Japanese parliament, the Basic Law for the Promotion of the Formation of Recycling Oriented Society. Previously, in 1997, the Recycling Package or "Containers and Packaging Recycle Law" was first approved by Parliament.
There are at least three secrets of Japanese success in handling household waste. First, the high priority of the community in the recycling program. Almost all Japanese people understand the importance of recycling waste management.
To build that awareness, community groups such as "chonaikai" conduct environmental awareness campaigns in various walks of life. Several volunteers have actively come down to housing to monitor garbage disposal, and dialogue with residents on how to handle the waste.
Secondly, the emergence of social pressure from Japanese society if we do not throw garbage in place. Shame is the key to waste effectiveness in Japan, even a drunken person can still dump the garbage in its place.
Third, a massive and aggressive educational program is done from an early age. Children in Japan, since grade 3 elementary school has been trained how to dispose of waste according to its kind. It builds a waste disposal culture that can be embedded in the subconscious. Disposing of waste by type has become "habit".
Initially, resistance came from some circles about the change of way to dispose of this garbage. Many residents, especially elderly people, are protesting against new ways of handling garbage, because it is considered troublesome. But with continuous explanations and information about the benefits of garbage disposal, the resistance diminishes by itself.
Tokyo is a modern prefecture, most of 23 city in Tokyo prefecture already has a modern waste treatment plant, based on official website of 23 Clean Authority of Tokyo, there are 21 Incineration Plants:
Facilities name Location
Chuo Incineration Plant 〒104-0053 5-2-1, Harumi, Chuo-ku
Minato Incineration Plant 〒108-0075 5-7-1, Kounan, Minato-ku
Kita Incineration Plant 〒115-0042 1-2-36, Shimo, Kita-ku
Shinagawa Incineration Plant 〒140-0003 1-4-1, Yashio, Shinagawa-ku
Meguro Incineration Plant (among Plant remodeling)
Ota Incineration Plant 〒143-0003 3-6-1, Keihinjima, Ota-ku
Tamagawa Incineration Plant 〒146-0092 2-33-1, Shimomaruko, Ota-ku
Setagaya Incineration Plant 〒157-0074 1-1-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku
Chitose Incineration Plant 〒156-0056 2-7-1, Hachimanyama, Setagaya-ku
Shibuya Incineration Plant 〒150-0011 1-35-1, Higashi, Shibuya-ku
Suginami Incineration Plant (among Plant remodeling)
Toshima Incineration Plant 〒170-0012 2-5-1, Kamiikebukuro, Toshima-ku
Itabashi Incineration Plant 〒175-0082 9-48-1, Takashimadaira, Itabashi-ku
Nerima Incineration Plant 〒177-0032 6-10-11, Yahara, Nerima-ku
Hikarigaoka Incineration Plant (among Plant remodeling)
Sumida Incineration Plant 〒131-0042 1-10-23, Higashisumida, Sumida-ku
Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant 〒136-0081 3-1-1, Yumenoshima, Koutou-ku
Ariake Incineration Plant 〒135-0063 2-3-10, Ariake, Koutou-ku
Adachi Incineration Plant 〒121-0812 4-7-1, Nishihokima, Adachi-ku
Katsushika Incineration Plant 〒125-0032 1-20-1, Mizumoto, Katsushika-ku
Edogawa Incineration Plant 〒132-0013 2-10, Edogawa, Edogawa-ku
In Japan, waste is divided into several criteria based on policy from the region, these criteria are very important which will be useful for community will be collected by garbage trucks operating in Kōtō. Then the waste is transferred into the incineration plant, the waste is divided into 3, combustible waste, incombustible waste, and large-sized waste.
The success of the presence of incineration plant occurs because Japanese society is very orderly in disposing of garbage, and disposed waste is sorted according to existing criteria. The existence of this incineration plant supports 3R program that is Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle.
Examples of activities from reuse, reduce, and recycle such as:
Reuse :
1. Choose containers, bags or objects that can be used multiple times or repeatedly. For example, use a cloth napkin instead of a tissue, using a rechargeable battery.
2. Reuse the empty container or packaging for the same function or other functions. For example, use drink bottles used to be a place of cooking oil.
3. Use electronic storage tools that can be erased and rewritten. 4. Use the blank side of the paper to write.
5. Use email to send mail.
6. Sell or dispose garbage to those in need
Reduce :
1. Choose a product with recyclable packaging.
2. Avoid wearing and buying products that generate large amounts of waste. 3. Use refillable products. For example stationery that can be refilled again). 4. Maximize the use of electronic storage devices that can be erased and rewritten. 5. Reduce use of disposable materials.
Recycle :
1. Select products and packaging that can be recycled and easily decomposes. 2. Waste paper into paper or cardboard again.
3. Perform organic waste processing into compost. 4. Perform non-organic waste processing into useful items.
For garbage that sent to incineration plant means supporting recycle program, where the waste sent to the incineration plant will be processed to become a plastic seed which can be processed into goods that have value for use.
In carrying out its activities, Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant should give an attention to its assets, the attention that can be given by applying the concept of asset management in managing assets owned. The purpose of applying asset management is to have assets that can provide optimal benefits to the company, there are 5 things to note in the implementation of asset management :
1. Assets Inventory 2. Legal Audit 3. Valuation
4. Optimization of Assets 5. Supervision and Control
Japan is a developed country that has use technology in every aspect of their life, Implementation asset inventory in Japan must have used technology in the process. In the implementation of asset inventory in Japan most likely already using asset management systems that have been computerized and have a excellent database.
Assets inventory is an activity consisting of two aspects, namely physical inventory and juridical / legal. Physical aspects consist of shape, area, location, volume / number, type, address and others. And the other aspects is a juridical aspects, juridical aspects like the status of mastery, legal issues owned, and limit of mastery.
The purpose of an asset inventory is to:
1. Creating orderly administration 2. Asset Security
3. Control and supervision of assets
The benefits of doing an asset inventory are:
1. Having a quality database
4. Assist the other party in asset management, such as for asset maintenance 5. Improve security in terms of physical and legal audits
The data characteristics of each object that should be recorded in each asset inventory must include:
1. Type of Assets 9. Possible asset changes in the future
An asset inventory is an essential element when it comes to optimizing asset usage, when the asset owner expects his assets to be of optimal benefit an inventory asset is required to enable the owner to know the location, age, and condition of the asset.
For an asset inventory at the Shin-Kōtō incineration plant it seems to be working well, it can be seen from the optimal operation and activity of the incineration plant from its inception until today. By routinely performing an asset inventory, it will know the condition of the assets owned, by knowing the condition of the asset, the owner can adjust the appropriate action for the asset, whether it will be maximally utilized or it may actually need rejuvenation or even replacement.
Asset inventory system at the Shin-Kōtō incineration plant is good, also seen from the no asset placed at one point, where the asset store in one point is usually due to the assets being unusable or the value is not optimal. The accumulation of assets occurs due to the lack of updates of the information in the asset inventory, if the asset inventory has been done well then the economic life of the asset can be predicted so that when the economic value of the asset will be exhausted the removal process will not cause the accumulation of assets at one point.
RECOMMENDATION
Looking at the process of forming "habit" of waste processing in Japan, Indonesia can imitate Japan. Awareness of waste and the environment in Japan has only grown in the last few decades. This means it does not happen by default in Japanese society, but done by design by forming habit or habit through education.
Therefore, efforts to build public awareness through various environmental campaigns by environmental care communities need to be improved.
Indonesia should imitate the way that chonaikai did in Japan 30 years ago. Although the Japanese government has not supported and moved, they have not given up. For 20 years, the community has consistently gained sympathy and thrived until it can instead put social pressure on the government.
Another step is to create an educational program for every element of society. Various brochures and information are made for schoolchildren so the habit of disposing of garbage is formed from childhood. On the other hand, parents should also set an example. This is very important, because children imitate what the parents do.
With these things, eventually the government will inevitably support the environmental care movement. And if so, the Law is made not to regulate, but only formalize the reality that has occurred in the community.
No wonder, the more advanced a country, the fewer the rules. In Japan, I rarely see the words "Please do not litter" because without that attention, people have already dumped the garbage in its place.
from the garbages that has been sorted before, if the garbage disposed by the community has not been sorted It will make the processing of waste becomes longer .
In Indonesia there is no area that has modern waste processing, it is something that does not make sense considering Indonesia has been independent for more than 70 years, so with this author recommends:
1. Government that has problem with rubbish (like Jakarta and Bandung) to conduct study of waste processing development
2. The study conducted not only in terms of business, because the waste processing site has an impact on social aspects of society.
3. Make a collaboration with private company or state corporation with Business to Government mechanism to build waste processing plant in Indonesia
Before do that, the Government of Indonesia should do things like:
1. Increasing public awareness about the importance of waste management. 2. Working with social organizations related to waste management.
3. Supports every social organization activity related to waste management. 4. Establish regulations on waste management and the environment.
REFERENCES
Siregar, Doli D.2004.Manajemen Aset.Jakarta.Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Sugiama, A Gima (2013), Manajemen Aset Pariwisata, Guardaya Intimarta, Bandung
https://alamendah.org
http://olahsampah.com
http://pemudatataruang.org/index.php/publikasi/artikel/113-prinsip-monozukiri-dalam-pembangunan-di-jepang-jenesys
http://pestleanalysis.com
http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3001.html
