• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Meeting III Historical and Comparative Linguistics Language Family

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Membagikan "Meeting III Historical and Comparative Linguistics Language Family"

Copied!
46
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)
(2)

! " # $%

& '(& " ) "

" $ % "

* + , $

#--. " -" -#--. " -"

-/

#--... " - -0

-1 1 #

#--... - - - - -!2 0*3

(3)

" " "

. 7 . 8

"

" "

" . . .

" " .

" " .

9 " "

. 3 .

. " "

(4)

! " "

. !

" 9

; " . " "

' " . " " :

. "

. " !

" " % 39 3

(5)

%

%

.

" "

" "

3 . "

3 . "

. " "

" < : "

" " " <

(6)

= "

(7)

) .

) .

>>

(8)

"

"

"

"

" " " #

. "

? @

" "

. "

""

+ " " " " "

" .

"

" " .

(9)

For expressing genetic relationships

Created by August Schleicher, 19th German Linguist

Consists of a parent language as a

/-(-&0 '

starting point with branches showing

the daughter languages and the

(10)

, !

/-(-&0 0

, !

The descendants is posited as language A.

(11)

2

, !

Language X is talked an intermediate common

/-(-&0

Language X is talked an intermediate common language.

Intermediate, because it occupies a position between the attested languages and the oldest reconstructable common language.

(12)

Sometimes it happens that two/more of the languages within a given family share certain features from the other

/-(-&0 &

share certain features from the other

members of the same families

(underwent a common period of

(13)

. "

? @

"

, A , A

(14)

!

""

(15)

! !

9 3!

& "

* ) "

/ /

1 3$ "

B "

( , "A

(16)
(17)

C "

9 3!

10

" ) $ 5/00 6 , 5&00

6 5*00 6 % 5&00 6

" 5 00 6 + 5 00 6 ; 5*00

" 5 00 6 + 5 00 6 ; 5*00

6 ! 5/00 6 !

"

= ! " " :

.

# , A

. " , D

(18)

#--... " - -0

-#--... " - -0 - 66

9 3!

Germanic Celtic Italic Hellenic

(19)

55 #--...#--... "" -- -0-0 -- 66 !

" ! A

9 3!

" E ! 5.

" 6

" 6

9 " 5 ; " 6 + "

9 . " "

" :

" " "

F F " .

(20)

""

. : 9 3!

" " #

D . D .

D . " "

, "

D . " "

, "

D . "

. "

!

(21)

!

"

!

"

#

#

$

$

B0 " . &10 9 "

" " " . $ "

5 6 . " " "

" G H 5 &1 6 "

" I

(22)

%

"

%

"

*8 " . ;

! .

"

G "

9 3! 9

(23)

3

3%

(24)

&

&

'

'

" &10

5% 6

I

" ' " " # "

(25)

( )

( )

F F 9 . &1

10 , .

&* , 9 D

%

" #& ( ) %

(26)
(27)

!

!

" 000

&10

9 5

6 "" /0

E : " "

E : " "

" %

5 . 6 33

. " 33

% " " 9

) . % " "

(28)

* " "

!

(29)

* " "

!

* " "

!

(00 9 3% " "

D . +

. * " " 9 " 9 " I E

" . : "

% (0

(30)

+

+

,

,

!

!

!

!

"

"

(31)

+

+

,

,

!

!

!

!

"

"

( "

( "

3 " 5 9 3G

6 10 B0

" K

3L " .

"

" B0 . 10

" 5 6

. 5 .6

F F " " E

(32)

""

(33)

#

#

*0 . 00 000

G " . " ,

(34)

#

#

3 "

" 000 . " &00

, . . L

(35)

!

!

!

!

"

"

! ! " )

' " ) # ' % " % " - " & "

C . &/0 &10

9 " " ! ) . " .

D ) " "

(36)

&

&

& '

*0 "

" M

.

" # &

(37)

D

D

33

= /*B < "" "

< % #

""

" "

9 " " . " ##

(38)

""

D "

! 3 "

A 9 A 9 A

A 3 M "

(39)

!

!

! 3 "

81 000 9

+ 5G

(40)

!

!

!

"

(41)

!

!

!

"

!

"

""

D " 9 5

D 3 ! 3 6 " "

"" " "

" B00 .

&0 9 D "

&0 9 D "

. EC . 5

:6 9 A ) D 5

(42)

!

!

&

&

!

"

!

"

" "

D " 3 . =

. " N " 59 " 6 +

3 5. " "

(43)

(

(

" */

&00 000 , . : )

(44)

0

"

0

" ,

,

&0 . &0

(45)

%

"

%

"

#

#

"

"

1*

'

1

1*

'

1

% " 1 .

&* 000 "

(46)

Referensi

Dokumen terkait