Health care and health
system comparison
Mengapa perlu perbandingan?
•
OECD project initiated in 2002
that aims to measure and
compare the quality of health
service provision across
countries
. Data on drug
utilization and prices, as well as
magnetic resonance imaging
Fungsi Pemerintah Sumber Pembiayaan Fungsi sektor swasta
Australia Regionally administered, joint (national & state) public hospital funding; universal public medical insurance program (Medicare)
General tax revenue; earmarked
income tax ~47.3% buy complementary (e.g., private hospital and dental care, optometry) and supplementary coverage (increased choice, faster access for nonemergency
services, rebates for selected services)
Canada Regionally administered universal public insurance program that plans and funds (mainly private) provision
Provincial/federal general tax revenue ~67% buy complementary
coverage for noncovered benefits (e.g., private rooms in hospitals, drugs, dental care, optometr China Supervision by health authorities
(Health and Family Planning Commissions) at the national, provincial and local levels; some direct provision through public ownership of hospitals
There are three main publicly financed health insurance types with local-area risk-pooling: urban employer-based (mainly payroll taxes, for formally employed urban residents), urban resident basic (mainly government funded, for urban nonemployed residents), and rural cooperative
medical scheme (government-funded, for rural residents)
Complementary to cover cost-sharing and gaps, as well as
Fungsi Pemerintah Sumber Pembiayaan Fungsi sektor swasta
US Medicare: age 65 and older, some disabled; Medicaid: some low-income; for those without employer coverage, state-level insurance
exchanges with income-based subsidies; insurance coverage mandated, with some exemptions (10.4% of adults uninsured)
Medicare: payroll tax, premiums, federal tax revenue; Medicaid:
federal, state tax revenue
