APUFY Urban Resilience BPN

ASIA-PACIFIC URBAN YOUTH

ASSEMBLY

AT APUF-6 IN JAKARTA

(APUFY)

CREATING RESILIENT CITY

CREATING RESILIENT CITY

CASE : DKI JAKARTA CASE : DKI JAKARTA

ANDI RENALD RIANDY

Presented in Jakarta, 18 October 2015

PARALLEL SESSION 8

URBAN CLIMATE

1. Introduction

2. Characteristic of Jakarta

3. Impact of Climate Changes to Jakarta

4. Concept of Resilient City

5. Role of Spatial Plan :

Mitigation and adaptation

6. Green City Programme

: the alternative

solution is to minimize the impact of Urban

Climate Change

7. Conclusion

3

1. INTRODUCTION

Urban Issues : related to urbanization and climate change

water related disasters

IN INDONESIA YEAR 1907 – 2014 (BNPB)

natural and

climate related

disaster

Urban

Sprawl

urban sprawl in Jabodetabek Metropolitan

Environment and Climate Change

on urban development

AIR POLLUTION

50%

to

70%

emission

75%

harmful green house gas

6 m

2

per person

green open space

*average livable cities = 39 m2_/person

96%

hydro-meteorology related disaster

•

₃₆

inicidents of floods

61 died and 110.129 people have to be relocated

•

₂₅

inicidents of landslides

40 died

•

₄₂

incidents of storm

3 died and 5200 home & public fasilities destroyed

urban heat island

(in the last 50 years)

0,73-0,76 cm

per year

sea level rise

CLIMATE CHANGE

facts and issues

transportation sector urban land cover

c o n t ri b u t o r s

-urban as emittor urban as receptor

THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES

(1) Climate Research Unit dari University of East Anglia (CRU, 2008)



_{The increase in surface temperature:}



_{The rate of incrase average temperature in Indonesia of 0,016 °C per}

year for an annual average temperature of the periode 1965 to 2009



_{There are variation trend in the last decade (1998-2009) there has been a}

downward trend with a rate of -0,031 °C per year

(1)



_{Changes in rainfall:}



_{Rising sea level surface: high rate increase of Sea Surface Height (SSH) in}

Indonesia in the range of 0 to 9 mm/year

Water Related Disaster Resilience

Source : Handayani, 2012

2. Characteristic of

Source : Handayani, 2012

FLOOD DISASTER AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND

(1) http://jurnal.lapan.go.id

Urbanization

Land Conversion: open space



occupied

Hot waste of energy used

10

2000 0 2000 Meters

Peta Penutupan Lahan DKI Jakarta Tahun 1983

690000

2000 0 2000 Meters Peta Penutupan Lahan DKI Jakarta Tahun 1993

690000

2000 0 2000 Meters

Peta Penutupan Lahan DKI Jakarta Tahun 2002

690000

Flood disaster is one of the problems that

could threaten the sustainability of

Jakarta.

1983

1993

2002

The intensity of major floods continues to increase as a result of high rainfall and land

conversion as well as poor urban drainage system.

23

2015

2025

Land Conversion on Jakarta

Flood Occurence and Number of Refugees

in Jakarta 2010 - 2014

11

11

PHENOMENON OF UHI IN JAKARTA



_{In 2000}

_

_{average surface temperature 20 - 32}

o

Celcius, several areas in North Jakarta and East

Jakarta 32-35

o

Celcius



In 2006

_

surface temperature increase to 24 - 38

o

Celcius, with the spreading areas of 32 – 35

o

Celcius

almost evenly and the temperature 38 - 39

o

Celcius

in city centre

13

Sumber: Resilience (ccr program, 2008 dalam Pamungkas, 2014)

Resilience

is the capacity and ability of a community to withstand stress, survive,

adapt

,

bounce back

from a crisis or disaster and rapidly move on.

(

International

Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) Briefing Sheet

, 2011)

Absorb

Shock Bounce Back _AdaptationLearning/

Concept of Resilient City, USIOTWSP(2007)

Concept of Resilient City, Andi Renald (2015)

New Model

Framework of Resilience of Disaster Prone Cities

Concept of Resilient City, Mandala (2012)

Based on the position analysis results using Structural Equations Model (SEM), 4 (four) factors affecting the adaptation model of resilience disaster prone city of

Jakarta were found, which are

spatial arrangement, technology

innovation, disaster mitigation, and disaster adaptation

.

To form a resilient city, resilient ways are

required.

Based on the adaptation model of resilience disaster-prone cities that have been built, that can be taken a function to form a concept of disaster-resistant city. Functions that are built are as follows:

RC =

f

(SM, DM, IT, AD)

where:

RC = Resilient City --- IT = Technological Innovation SM = Spatial Management --- AD = Disaster Adaptation

16

Conceptualization of Adaptation Model Urban Resilience In Jakarta

Source: Analysis(2015)

H7

H6

1) Spatial management (PR)  Disaster mitigation (MB) Adaptation (AD)  Resilient City (KK) 2) Spatial Management (PR) Adaptation (AD)  Resilient City (KK)

3) Spatial Management (PR)  Information Technology (IT)  Disaster mitigation (MB) Adaptation (AD)  Resilient City (KK).

Applying the spatial planning of national and regional safe, comfortable, productive, and sustainable

 _{Mitigation: the embodiment 30% of conservation areas in the watershed  increase}

carbon sink through the acceleration of the establishment of draft legislation on provincial RTRW and RTRW regency/city as well as the mainstreaming of the concept of low-carbon economy in the implementation of spatial planning; and

 _{Adaptation: the identification of districts/cities vulnerable to climate change impacts}

through assistance in the preparation of detailed spatial plan.

5. ROLE OF SPATIAL PLAN:

MITIGATION and ADAPTATION

1. Law No. 26 Year 2007

on Spatial Planning



30% urban areas as Open Green Space (OGS)

efinition of GREEN CITY

D

D

GREEN CITY :

Friendly Environment City



_Utilize

_{water resources and energy}

_{efectively and}

eficiently,



_{Minimizing of}

_waste

_,



_{Applying comprehensive}

_{transportation}

_{system ,}



_{Guarantee of}

_{environmental health}

_,



_Synergize

_{natural and artificial}

_environment

_{, based on}

planning and urban design in favor of the principles of

sustainable development (environmental, social and

economic)

Green City

Principles:

1. improve

“quality and quantity of

city GOS”

to 30% GOS not

“beautification”

2. develop

regent commitment

through fund/program sharing

3.

joint initiative

with the approach of

empowerment / participatory

Green

City

The effective resilient ways to be implemented in the

city of Jakarta are the implementation of

orderly

spatial management, disaster

management, the enhancement of the

adaptive capacity of society and

to actualize

a resilient and sustainable city.

QUOTES