SRI MULYANI /03821145
PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH
Rl- PAPUA NUGINITEIMTANG PENGATURAN
LINTAS BATAS ANTAR NEGARA SUATUTINJAUAN
HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS HUKUM
U N I V E R S t T A S
A IR
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PSRJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMSRTKTAJf
RI-PAPUA NUGINI TEIiTAHG PEN5ATVRAK
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SRI KULYANI
038211415
FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SURABAYA
1989
Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
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LINTAS 3ATAS AI3TAR N E U R A 3UATV TTTIJAVAS
HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
SXRIPSI
DIAJUKAN UNTUX KELENGKAPI TUG
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DAN MEMENUHI SYARAT-SYARAT UNTUK
MENCAPAI GELAR SARJANA HUKUM
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SRI MULYANI
038211415
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P P ^ G U J I
PENGUJI
ABDOEL RASJI D ^ S . H . , I
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>^MAN RAMFEAN, 5«H.t M .S
^PMULTAS HUKUM UtflVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SURABAYA
h a l a m a n K A T A P E N G A N T A R ... t
■ DAFTAR I S I ... i i
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I . PENDAHUXUAN... *... 1
1 . P e r m a s a l a h a n : A . L a t a r b e l a k a n g ... 1
B . R u r a u e a n n y a ... .. ... 3
2 . P e n j e l a s a n J u d u l ...3
3 . A l a s a n P c m i l i h a n J u d u l ... 4
4 . T u j u a n P e n u l i B a n ... 5
5 . M e t o d o l o g i ...
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6 . P e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b a n S i s t e m a t i k a ... 6I I * PERLUNYA P E R J A N J IA N PERBATASAN SETELAH T E R J A -D I N T A PERUBAHAN KEKUASAAN -D I I RI AN BAR AT -DAN I R I A N T I M U R ... ' ... ... t 1 , P e r u b a h a n K e k u a s a a n A t a s W i l a y a h I r i a n B a r a t ... 8 2 . P e r u b a h a n K e k u a s a a n A t a s W i l a y a h I r i a n
T i m u r ...I I 3* M a s a i a h - m a s a l a h y a n g T i m b u l d i t f i l a y a h
P e r b a t a s a n ... 1 3 I I I . P E R J A N J IA N B IL A T E R A L ANTARA IN D O N E S IA DAN
1 . P e r j a n j i a n B i l a t e r a l T e n t a n g P e r b a t a s a n I r i a n J a y a D a n P a p u a N u g i n i S e b a g a i T a n d a P e n g a k u a n
K e d a u l a t a n M a s i n g - m a s i n g N e g a r a ...
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2 ; I s i P e r j a n j i a n P e r b a t a s a n ... ; . . . . 20 3 . K o o r d i n a s i P e n g a w a s a n A t a s W i l a y a h P e r b a t a -
s a n ... 2 7
4 . P e l a n g g a r a n - p e l a n g g a r a n v a n g T i m b u l S e r t a - P e n y e l e s a i a r m y a ... 2 9 I V . KESIMPTJLAN DAN SARAN ... .. ... 3 6
A . K e s i m p u l a n ... 3 6 B , S a r a n ... 3 8
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T A R B A C A A N ... 3 9L A M P I R A N .
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Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
P E N D A H U L U A N
1 . P e r m a s a l a h a n
L a t a r b e l a k a n g
S e t i a p n e g a r a m e n u r u t hu ku ra i n t e r n a s i o n a l m e m p u n v a i h a k d i d a l a m w i l a v a h n y a u n t u k m e n j a l a n k a n k e d a u l a t a n n y a , s e m u a o r a n g - o r a n g .d a n b a r a n g - b a r a n g y a n g a d a d i d a l a m d a e -
r a h s u a t u n e g a r a b e r a d a d i b a w a h k e k u a s a a n t e r t i n g g i d a r i
n e g a r a i t u ( t e r r i t o r i a l s u p r e m a c y ) .
R u a n g b e r l a k u k e k u a s a a n t e r t i n g g i i n i d i b a t a s i o l e h b a t a s - b a t a s w i l a y a h n e g a r a i t u , y a n g a r t i n y a s u a t u n e g u r a
h a n v a m e r a i l i k i k e k u a s a a n t e r t i n g g i d i d a l a m b a t a s - b a t a s w i l a v a h n y a , s e h i n g g a k e k u a s a a n i t u b e r a k h i r d i m a n a k e k u u s a -
a n s u a t u n e g a r a l a i n m u l a i . ^
D i l u a r k e d a u l a t a n t e r r i t o r i a l , s u a t u n e g a r a t i d a k -
l a h m e m p u n y a i k e w e n a n g a n u n t u k m e n j a l a n k a n k e d a u l a t o n n v u , c i r i k e l u a r k e d a u l a t a n t e r r i t o r i a l i a l a h w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n a l a m a t a u p e r b a t a s a n y a n g d e n g a n s e n g a j a d i , b u a t , d i
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a k u i d a n t i d a k l a g i d i s a n g s i k a n o l e h n e g a r a - n e g a r a .
W i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u m a n i f e s t a s i p e n t i n g d a l a m k e d a u l a t a n t e r r i t o r i a l s u a t u n e g a r a , t i d ^ k
l e p a s k a i t a n n y a d e n g a n p e l i n t a s b a t a s y a n g s e r i n ^ k a l i
a n p e r b a t a s a n d e n g a n P a p u a N u g i n i . N am un d e m i k i a n t i d a ^
b e r a r t i b a h w a s e c a r a m u t l a k p e r j a n j i a n m e n g e n a i p e n g a t u r - a n p e r b a t a s a n t e r s e b u t d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n s e m u a m a s a l a h
y a n g a d a , a k a n t e t a p i s e t i d a k n y a m u n g k i n d a p a t m e n g u r u - n g i k e t e g a n g a n s e r t a k e s a l a h p a h a m a n y a n g m e n y a n g k u t p e r b a t a s a n a t a u b a h k a n m u n g k i n s e b a l i k n y a . D a r i p e r m a s a l a h
a n p e r m a s a l a h a n i n i l a h y a n g k e m u d i a n m e n j a d i p e m b a h a s u n d a l a m s k r i p s i s a y a i n i d a l a m k a i t a n n y a d e n g a n h u k u m i n t e r - n a s i o n a l y a n g a d a y a n g t e r r u m u s d i b a w a h i n i ,
B . R u m u s a n n y a
1 . P e r m a s a l a h a n - p e r m a s a l a h a n a p a s a j a y a n g d i h a r
d a p i o l e h k e d u a n e g a r a y a n g m e n y a n g k u t w i l a ^ u h p e r b a t a s a n s e r t a b a g a i r a a n a m e n g a t a s i p e r m a s a l a h a n v a n g t i m b u l d a l a m s u a t u k a j i a n h u k u m i n -
t e r n a s i o n a l ? .
2 . A p a p e r l u n v a p e r j a n j i a n t e n t a n g p e n g a t u r a n p e r b a t a s a n b a g i k e d u a n e g a r a ? .
2 . P c n j e l a s a n J u d u l
S e b a g a i m a n a t e r c a n t u m d i a t a s , j u d u l y a n g B a y a p i - l i h a d a l a h i " P e r j a n j i a n B i l a t e r a l A n t a r a P e m e r i n t a h I n d o n e s i a d e n g a n P a p u a N u g i n i t e n t a n g P e n g a t u r a n L i n t a s
4
y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n p e r j a n j i a n i n t e r n a s i o n a l a d a l a h
s u a t u p e r g e t u j u a n i n t e r n a s i o n a l y a n g d i a d a k a n a n t a r n t -
g a r a d a l a m b e n t u k t e r t u l i s d a n d i k u a s a i o l e h h u k u m i n t e r n a s i o n a l , b a i k y a n g t e r c a k u p d a l a m s u a t u i n s t r u m e n t t u n g g a l m a u p u n d a l a m d u a a t a u l e b i h i n s t r u m e n t y a n g b e r - - t a l i a n d a n u n t u k m a k s u d a p a p u n . D e m i k i a n p u l a h a l n y a p e . * - j a n j i a n b i l a t e r a l y a n g d i b u a t o l e h I n d o n e s i a d e n g a n
P a p u a N u g i n i a d a l a h d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k m a k s u d d a n t u j u a y a n g d i k e h e n d a k i b e r s a m a .
3 * A l a s a n P e m i l i h a n J u d u l
M a s a l a h p e r b a t a s a n t i d a k s a j a m e n y a n g k u t p e r s o - a l a n k e t a h a n a n n a s i o n a l s a j a m e l a i n k a n j u g a b e r k a i t a n e r a t d e n g a n h u b u n g a n b a i k a n t a r n e g a r a y a n g b e r b a t a s a n l a n g s u n g , d a l a m h a l i n i t a l a h P a p u a N u g i n i , s e b a b m e n y a n g k u t m a s a l a h p e l i n t a s b a t a s d i m a n a d a l a m h a l i n i k o d i s i w i l a y a h d i s e p a n j a n g p e r b a t a s a n d i r a s a m a s i h c u k u p r a w a n y a i t u d e n g a n b a n y a k n y a p e g u n u n g a n s e r t a h u t a n b e - l a n t a r a y a n g s u l i t d i j a n g k a u o l e h a p a r a t y a n g b e r t u g a s d i w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n , J u d u l t e r s e b u t d i p i l i h k a r e n a b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n b i d a n g s t u d i s a y a k h u s u s n y a thukum i n t e r n a s i o n a l .
Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
4 , T u j u a n P e n u l i s a n
K a r y a t u l i s d a l a m b e n t u k s k r i p s i i n i d i b u a t d e
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n g a n t u j u a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t i
1 , u n t u k m e m e n u h i p e r s y a r a t a n a k a d e m i s d i T a k u l t a s H ukum U n i v e r s i t a s A i r l a n g g a g u n a m e n c a p a i g e l a r k e s a r j a n a a n ;
2 . m e m b e r i k a n s e d i k i t s u m b a n g a n p e m b a c a k h u s u s n y a d i b i d a n g h u k u m i n t e r n a s i o n a l s e r t a u n t u k m e n g e m -
b a n g k a n i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n d a l a m b e n t u k s u m b a n g a n p e n u l i s a n d i b i d a n g i l m u h u k u m .
5 . M e t o d o l o g i
a . P e n d e k a t a n m a s a l a h d i l a k u k a n d a n d i t i n j a u d a r i
s e g i v u r i d i s , k e m u d i a n m e t o d e y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a - l a h m e t o d e d e d u k t i f *
b * S u m b e r d a t a d a l a m p e n u l i s a n i n i a k a n d i g u n a k a n d a t a k e p u e t a k a a n y a n g b e r u p a b u k u - b u k u
,
b e b e r a p i * m a s s m e d i a .c . P e n g u m p u l a n d a t a d a n p e n g o l a h a n d a t a y a n g d i p e r - o l e h I t e i h u S ia n d i s u s u n s e c a r a s i s t e m a t i s d a n d i c -
l a h u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h s u a t u f l t e k B i ^ . t i t f ’- m e n g s c a a i i i t e k n i k p e n u l i s a n y a n g k e m u d i a n d i t a f s i r k a n d a n d i a n a l i s a .
-l i s a d a n d i b a h a s u n t u k m e n c a r i a -l t e m a t i f p e n y e - l e s a i a n t e r h a d a p m a s a l a h y a n g t i m b u l .
6 . P e y t a n g g u n g . l a w a b a n S i s t e m a t i k a
B a b I d i m a k s u d k a n e e b a g a i p e n d a h u l u a n , o l e h k a r e n c i i t u m e m u a t g a r a b a r a n s e c a r a umm| d a r i k e s e l u r u h a n p e r m a s u -
l a h a n y a n g h e n d a k d i u r a i k a n p t id a b a b - b a b s e l a n j u t n y a , a e - h i n g g a d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t m e m b e r i k a n a r a h b a g ! p e r a b a h a s a n
s e l a n j u t n y a ,
B a b b e r i k u t n y a b e r i s i u l a s a n . t e n t a n g p e r l u n y a p e r j a n j i a n p e r b a t a s a n s e t e l a h t e r j a d i n y a p e r u b a h a n k e k u a s a - a
n 9
s e b a b p e r j a n j i a n v a n g d i b u a t s a a t i n i m e r u p a k a n p e r j a n j i a n v a n g d i b u a t . s e t e l a h t e r j a d i n y a p e r u b a h a n k e k u a - s a a n u n t u k i t u l a h p e r l u m e n g e t a h u i l e b i h d a h u l u b a g a i - m a n a s t a t u s m a s i n g - m a s i n g w i l a y a h s e b e l u m t e r j a d i n y a p e r u b a h a n k e k u a g a a n m e n u r u t k a j i a n h u k u m i n t e r n a s i o n a l .D a la m b a b I I I d i k a t a k a n s e b a g a i b a b y a n g u t a m a
k a r e n a r a e m b a h a s p o k o k p e r m a s a l u h a n d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i ; i n i t i d a k b e r a r t i m e n g h i l a n g k a n a r t i d a r i b a b - b a b b e r i k u t n y a a t a u p u n s e b e l u m n y a . K a r e n a m era an g m e r u p a k a n s a t u k e s a - t u a n d i d a l a m b a b I I I a k a n d i u r a i k a n t e n t a n g p e r j a n j i a n p e r b a t a s a n a n t a r a I n d o n e s i a d a n P a p u a N u g i n i .
K e m u d ia n m e n g e n a i i s i d a r i p e r j a n j i a n p e r b a t a s a n t e r s e b u t s e r t a p e r l u n v a k o o r d i n a s i p e n g a w a s a n t e r h a d a p
Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
w i l a y a h . . p e r b a t a s a n v a n g d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k t e r w u j u d n y a k e t a h a n a n n a s i o n a l j u g a a k a n d i b a h a s d a l a m .b a b H I .
S e l a n j u t n y a s e b a g a i p e n u t u p , B a b I V d i k e m u k a k a n k e s i m p u l a n d a r i y a n g t e l a h d i u r a i k a n s e b e l u m n y a ; j u g a b e b e r a p a s a r a n v a n g d i r a s a p e r l u d e m i k e b a i k a n I n d o n e s i a d a n P a p u a N u g i n i .
A k h i r n y a d i h a r a p k a n b a h w a d e n g a n s i s t e m a t i k a s e - p e r t i i t u d i h a r a p k a n a k a n d i p e r o l e h k a r . y a y a n g r u n t u t
" S 'u p r e w a s i t e r r i t o r i a l " I n d o n e s i a a t a s w i l a y a h I r i a n b a -
r a t , y a n g . j k e m u d i a n d i s e b u t s e b a g a i I r i a n J a y a .
2 . P e r u b a h a n K e k u a s a a n a t a s w i l a y a h i I r i a n T im u r
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S e p e r t i h a l n y a v / i l a y a l L . I r i a n . u a r a t , p a u a t a ^ u n l 6 8 i f k e d a u l a t a n w i l a y a h I r i a n l i r n u r d i b a v / a l i p e m o r i n t a x & n I n g g r i a , y a n g d i k o n a l d e n g a n n am a t e r r i t o r y o l P a p u a ^ c ; ; - G a ii n e a * K e m u d i a n s e t e l a h p e r a n g d u n i a I I v ; i l a y a * i i r i a n - T i m u r ’ d i b a v / a l i k e k u a s a a n . A u s t r a l i a u e b a g a i n e g a r a I s e iio u ia li- m u r a n I n g g r i s .
N e g a r a - n e g a r a k c s e r o a k m u r a n b e r a a r a a I n g g r i s a d a l a * * n e g a r a - n e g a r a b e r d a u l a t p e n u h , d a l a m b i d a n g h u b u n g a n l u - a r n e g e r i n e g a r a - n e g a r a m a s i n g , - m a s i n g b e r t i n d a k d e n g a n
k e k u a s a a n s e n d i r i ( a u t o n o o m ) . N e g a r a - n e g a r a t e r s e b u t m e m p u n y a i k e d a u l a t a n a e n d i r i - s e n u i r i d a n m e n g a d a k a n p e r
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l e h a i k a t a k a n b e r s i f a t p o l i t i c , d a l a m a r t i u n t u k m e n u n -
j u k k a n e f e k t i f n y a k e k u a s a a n p e m e r i n t a h K e p u b l i k I n d o n ^ j i a d i w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n ,
S e j a k P a p u a N u g i n i m e m p e r o l e h k e m e r d e k a a n n y a p a d a t a h u n 1 9 7 5 } h u b u n g a n n y a d e n g a n I n d o n e s i a t e l a h b e r - l a n g s a n g b a i k , m e m a n g d i r a s a s a n g a t p e n t i n g u n t u k s e l ^ l u r a e n j a l i n h u b u n g a n - b a l k d e n g a n P a p u a i J u ^ i n i s c j b a g a i n e g a r a p e r b a t a s a n ,
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m e m b e r i k a n i n f o r r o a s i a n t a r a k e d u a p e m e r i n t a h ( R I - P N G ) , m e m b e r i k a n i n f o r m a s i k e t i n g k a t p u s a t ( m a s i n g - m a s i n g - p e m e r i n t a h ) a t a s h a s i l p e r t e m u a n k e d u a t e a m k o m i t e t e r s e b u t . ^
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l k y a n g b e r b a h a y a b a g i h e w a n a t a u m a n u s i a , t i d a k j a r a n g p u l a k e m u n g k i n a n m em b a w a b a r a n g - b a r a n g s e l u n d u p a n ,
U n t u k d a p a t m e n g a t a s i m a s a l a h - m a s a l a h y a n g t i m b u x d i w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n , p e r l u a d a n y a k e r j a s a m a y a n g b a i k
d e n g a n b e r b a g a i i n s t a n s i , h a l i n i d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k m t s n ja - g a 8 t a b i l i t a s n a s i o n a l , m e n g i n g a t a k h i r - a k h i r i n i u p a y a p e n y e l u n d u p a n b a r a n g - b a r a n g i m p o r d e n g a n c a r a e s t a f e t
u n t u k d i a n t a r p u l a u k a n t i d a k : s a j a v o l u m e d a n n i l a i n y a n a i k , a k a n t e t a p i l o k a s i n y a y a n g s e m u l a ^ t e r p u s a t d i p e r -
a i r a n R i a u s e k a r a n g m u l a i m e n y e b a r k e d a e r a h p e r b a t a s a n I n d o n e s i a b a g i a n t i r a u r , t e r u t a m a d i w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n I r i a n J a y a . O l e h a e b a b i t u b e t a p a p e n t i n g n y a k e r j a s a m a
a n t a r i n s t a n s i d i w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n d a l a m m e n a n g g u l a n g i b e r b a g a i m a s a l a h y a n g t i m b u l d i d a l a m m e l a k s a n a k a n p e n g a -
w a s a n a t a s w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n , A p a b i l a d i l a k u k a n i n v e n t a - r i s a s i m a k a s t r u k t u r p e l a k s a n a a n n y a t e r d i r i d a r i ;
a . D e p a r t e m e n P e r t a h a n a n D a n K earn a n a n 1 . T N I -A D
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d a n i n s t a n s i m i l i t e r y a n g b e r k e d u d u k a n d i d a e r a h p e r b a t a s a n , s e r t a a n g g o t a k e p o l i s i a n y a n g s e r i n g k a l i m e n g a d a k a n p a t r o l i d i d a e r a h p e r b a t a s a n , a g a r m a k s u d d a r i o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g i n g i n m a s u k s e c a r a i l e g a l d a p a t d i h a l a n g i , D e n g a n d e m i k i a n k e t e r p a d u a n s e g a l a i n s t a n s i p e m e r i n t a h u n t u k m e m b e r a n t a s p e n y e l u n d u p a n d a r i o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g t i d a k j l b e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b d a p a t b e r h a a i l # O l e h s e b a b i t u d a l a m r a n g k a p e l a k s a a a a n p e r j a n j i a n t e r s e b u t , m a k a p e m e r i n t a h I n d o n e s i a d a n P a p u a N u g i n i m e m b e n t u k s u a t u s u b k o m i t e
1 ft p e n g h u b u n g p e r b a t a s a n .
H a r i P u r w a n t o , " P o s - p o s I m i g r a s i P e r b a t a s a n R I - P a p u a N u g i n i d i I r i a n J a y a '1, P i n t u G e r b a n g . n o . 3 t h . I I , P e b r u a r i 1 9 8 4 , h . 4 .
4 . P e l a n g g a r a n - p e l a n g g a r a n y a n g T i m b u l S e r t a P e n y e l e -
s a i a n n r a
I n t e n s i t a s p e r l i n t a s a n m a n u s i a d i w i l a y a h p e r b a - t a s a n d i r a s a c u k u p t i n g g i , a k a n t d t a p i t i d a k m e r a t a d i - s e p a n j a n g p e r b a t a s a n , P a d a s a a t i n i p e n d u d u k I r i a n J a y a y a n g b e r a d a d i b o r d e r a r e a j i k a h e n d a k b e r k u n j u n g k e -
w i l a y a h P a p u a N u g i n i a t a u s e b a l i k n y a , c u k u p d i b e r i k a n s u r a t a t a u p a s l i n t a s j a l a n d a r i k e p a l a d e s a a t a u c a m a t s e t e m p a t u n t u k I n d o n e s i a d a n c e n c u s d i v i s i o n u n t u k P a p u a N u g i n i , h a l i n i t e l a h d i s e p a k a t i b e r s a m a s e b a g a i p a s -
l i n t a s b a t a s d a l a m p e r j a n j i a n p e r b a t a s a n I n d o n e s i a d a n P a p u a N u g i n i . P a s l i n t a s b a t a s i n i h a n y a b e r l a k u u n t u k
1 9 k u n j u n g a n d i b o r d e r a r e a s a j a .
M e s k i p u n f o r m a t b e n t u k d o k u m e n y a n g t e l a h d i s e p a k a t i b e r s a m s e b a g a i p a s l i n t a s b a t a s , c a r a p e r m o h o n - a n n y a t e l a h d i b u a t s e s e d e r h a n a m u n g k i n , n a m u n d e m i k i a n r a a s i h b a n y a k p a r a p e l i n t a s b a t a s y a n g t i d a k d i s e r t a i d e n g a n s u r a t k e t e r a n g a n a p a p u n s e h i n g g a m e r e k a i n i d i a n g - g a p m e l a k u k a n p e l a n g g a r a n . T e r h a d a p m e r e k a i n i b i a s a n y a d i s u r u h r a e n i n g g a l k a n b o r d e r a r e a u n t u k p u l a n g k e n e g a r a a s a l n y a . A k a n t e t a p i b a g i m e r e k a y a n g t e l a h m e m p u n y a i
1 9 m a .
Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
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b o r d e r a r e a s a j a , j i k a m e r e k a m e l a k u k a n p e l a n g g a r a n , y a i t u m e r e k a b e r k u n ^ u n g t i d a k h a n y a d i b o r d e r a r e a s a j a k a d a n g - k a d a n g s a m p a i k e J a y a p u r a , ra a k a a p a b i l a m e r e k a t e r t a n g k a p o l e h p e t u g a s i m i g r a s i y a n g b e k e r j a s a m a d e n g a n p i h a k k e p o l i s i a n , t e r h a d a p m e r e k a i n i a k a n d i t a h a n d i k a r a n t i n a i m i g r a s i s e l a m a 3 b u l a n , b e r d a s a r k a n o r d o n u n s i I z i n M a s u k p » a a l 1 1 a , s e t e l a h i t u m e r e k a d i s e r a h k a n
k e r a b a l i k e k e d u t a a n n y a / k o n s u l a t u n t u k d i p u l a n g k a n k e -jy\
n e g a r a a s a l n y a .
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p a d a u m u m n y a s u l i t d i b e d a k a n , k a r e n a m e r e k a m e m p u n y a i p e r s a m a a n w a r n a k u l i t , k a d a n g - k a d a n g a d a j u g a y a n g s a m u b a h a s a n y a , s e h i n g g a s u k a r m e n g e t a h u i b a g i p a r a p f c u g a s
a p a k a h m e r e k a d a t a n g s e c a r a i l e g a l a t a u l e g a l . Nam un. d e m i k i a n a d a l a h m e r u p a k a n t u g a s d a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b p a r a p e - t u g a s u n t u k r a e m a n t a u d a n m e n g a w a s i o r a n g - o r a n g a s i n g y a ^ b e r a d a d i w i l a y a h I n d o n e s i a d a l a m r a n g k a i k u t s e r t a m e n j u - m i a k e t e a t r a m a n d a n s t a b i l i t a s n a s i o n a l .
5 . P e n y e l e s a l a n S p n g k e t a W i l a y a h P e r b a t a s a n
S a l a h s a t u u n s u r e s e n s i a l n e g a r a a d a l a h w i l a y a h
b a n y a k w i l a y a h d a r i p a d a n e g a r a y a n g c a r a p e m b a t a s a n n y a
d i t e n t u k a n o l e h p e r j a n j i a n i n t e r n a s i o n a l , k h u s u s n y a p e r j a n j i a n p e r d a m a i a n .
S e c a r a g a r i s b e s a r b a t a s - b a t a s s e b u a h n e g a r a d i - t e n t u k a n o l e h k e b i a s a a n - k e b i a s a a n y a n g b e r l a k u d a n b a h -
k a n J o g a o l e h p e n d u d u k y a n g m e n d i a m i w i l a y a h t e r s e b u t , b a n y a k w i l a y a h - w i l a y a h n e g a r a y a n g s e c a r a r e s m i t i d a k t e f r f c u a n g d a l a m s e b u a h d o k u r a e n y a n g p u n y a k e k u a t a n h u k u k .
K a r e n a p r o s e s p e r k e m b a n g a n m a k a d i b u a t l a h p e r j a n j i a n p e . ' - j a n j i a n a n t a r a n e g a r a y a n g b e r d e k a t a n t e n t a n g b a t a s b ^ -
t a s w i l a y a h m e r e k a s e c a r a p a s t i . D i d a l a m m e n u n j u k b a
t a s b a t a s s e b u a h w i l a y a h s e r i n g k a l i d i p e r t i m b a n g k a n b a i k f a k t o r a l a m b u d a y a m a u p u n b a h a s a d a r i m e r e k a y a n g
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b e r t e m p a t t i n g g a l d i d & # r a h ' p e r b a t a s a n w i l a y a h t e r s e b u t .B a t a s - b a t a s s u a t u n e g a r a d a p a t b e r s i f a t a l a m i a t a u b u a t a n , p a d a u m u m n y a b a t a s d i a n t a r a n e g a r a d i t e n t u - k a n s e c a r a t e r a n g d a n t e g a s , m e s k i p u n b e g i t u m a s i h ad-*
j u g a p e r b a t a s a n - p e r b a t a s a n y a n g b e l n m d i t e t a p k a n . T u n - t u t a n t u n t u t a n a t a u c l a i m y a n g m a s i h m e r a g u k a n d a n B a l i n g b e r t e n t a n g a n t e r h a d a p b e b e r a p a d a e r a h d a p a t m e r u p ^ k a n s u a a b o r p e r s e l i s i h a n d a n p e r t e n t a n g a n d i a n t a r a n e g a r - t n e g a r a j i k a d a e r a h d a e r a h t e r s e b u t p e n t i n g a r t i n y a k a r e
n a a d a n y a s u a t u t a m b a n g t e r t e n t u a t a u h a l - h a l l a i n y a n b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n s t r a t e g i d a n k e a m a n a n s u a t u n e g a r a .
M a s a l a h p e r b a t a s a n d a p a t m e n i m b u l k a n k e t e g a n g a n d a n p e r s e l i s i h a n , s e p e r t i h a l n y a p e r o e l i s i h a n m e n g e n a i w i l a v a h p e r b a t a s a n d i a n t a r a K o r e a U t a r a d a n K o r e a S e l a -t a n , a n -t a r a I s r a e l d a n b e b e r a p a n e g a r a A r a b , d a n s e b a -
2 ^ g a i n y a . '
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p e r j a n j i a n s e t e l a h P e r a n g D u n i a I d i d a s a r k a n p a d a p e r t i m - b a n g a n p e r t i m b a n g a n a i h n i f l ^ m e s k i p u n d a l a m b e b e r a p a h a l p e r t i m b a n g a n - p e r t i m b a n g a n h i s t o r i s d a n s t r a t e g i y a n g l e -
b i h d i p e n t i n g k a n .
S e t e l a h p e r a n g D u n i a I I m a s a l a h p e r b a t a s a n y a n g d i t e t a p k a n d a l a m p e r j a n j i a n p e r d a m a i a n l e b i h m e n i t i k b e - r a t k a n p a d a f a k t o r - f a k t o r p o l i t i k d a n s t r a t e g i s d a r i p a d a f c t a a f a k t o r - f a k t o r e t h n i s . 2 ^
P e r b a t a s a n w i l a y a h I n d o n e s i a d e n g a n P a p u a N u g i n i l e b i h m e n i t i k b e r a t k a n p a d a f a k t o r - f a k t o r p o l i t i k d a n s t r -
t e g i d a r i p a d a f a k t o r - f a k t o r e t h n i s , d e n g a n t i t i k p e m b a - g i w i l a v a h l k e c a m a t a n p e r b a t a s a n s e b a g a i p e m b a g i a n t a r a w i l a y a h I r i a n s e b e l a h b a r a t d e n g a n s e b e l a h t i m u r .
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s e l a l u b e r l a n j u t p a d a p e r s e l i s i h a n b e r s e n j a t a y a n g m e r u p a k a n e m b r i y o k o n f l i k d a r i p a d a p e r a n g . U n t u k m e n g a - t a s i e u a t u . i s e n g k e t a y a n g t i m b u l s e b a i k n y a d i s e l e s a i k a n d e n g a n j a l a n d a m a i , a g a r t i d a k b a n y a k m e n i m b u l k a n k o r - b a n .
P e n y e l e s a i a n s e n g k e t a d e n g a n j a l a n d a m a i , b i a s u . -
n y a d i d a h u l u i d e n g a n s u a t u p e r u n d i n g a n - p e r u n d i n g a n u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n k e s e p a k a t a n b e r s a m a s e b a g a i j a l a n k e l u -
a r n y a . A p a b i l a t i d a k b i s a d i d a p a t k a n k e s e p a k a t a n b i a s - * - n y a d i t e m p u h d e n g a n s u a t u p r o s e s p e n e n g a h a n s e n g k e t a
d e
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m e r a b e n t u k k o m i s i p e n e m u t a k t a s e n g k e t a ( f a c t f i n d i n g c o m i s s i o n ) y a n g d i s e b u t s e b a g a i e n q u i r y . J i k a p i . - h a k k e t i g a m e n a w a r k a n b a n t u a n y a n g b e r i s i f o r m u l a j a l a n k e l u a r n y a , s e h i n g g a d a l a m h a l i n i p i h a k t e r s e b u t i k u t a k t i f d a l a m p e r u n d i n g a n d e n g a n m e n y i a p k a n b a h a n p e m b i c a r a a n , p e n y e l e s a i a n i n i d i s e b u t m e d i a t i o n . .P a d a k e n v a t a a n n y a a p a b i l a t e l a h d i t e m p u h b e r b a g a i
c a r a t i d a k d i d a p a t k a n j a l a n , m a k a p e n y e l e s a i a n t e r a k h i r d i s e r a h k a n p a d a p a r a p i h a k u n t u k m e n e n t u k a n j a l a n k e l u < * r n y a , S e n g k e t a v a n g t i d a k d a p a t d i s e l e s a i k a n m e l a l u i j a
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l a n d a m a i s e p e r t i y a n g t e r t e r a d a l a m p a s a l 3 5 a y a t 1 p i a g a m P B B , b i l a k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k a t a u s a l a h s a t u p i h a k
t e t a p i n g i n m e n a n g , m a k a a k a n t e r u s t e r j a d i p e r a n g a t a u k o n f l i k b e r s e n j a t a h i n g g a d i t e m u k a n s u a t u k e s e p a k a t a n b e r s a m a s a m p a i b a t a s a n w a k t u y a n g t i d a k d a p a t d i t e n t u k a n *
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u n t u k m e r e b u t l e e m b a l i w i l a y a h I r i a n J a y a k e d a l a m w i
l a y a h k e d a u l a t a n I n d o n e s i a , v a n g d i s e l e s a i b a n d e n g ar. j a l a n d a m a i m e l a l u i p e r u n d i n g a n s e t e l a h g a g a l m e l a l * ^ p e n e n t u a n p e n d a p a t r a k y a t ( p e p e r a ) d a n a t a s j a s a b a i k P e r s e r i k a t a n B a n g e a ; - b a n g s a . *
2 . T e r j a d i n y a p e r u b a h a n k e k u a s a a n a t a s w i l a y a h I r i a n T i m u r y a n g s e l a n j u t n v a d i k e n a l d e n g a n n a m a P a p u a N u g i n i a d a l a h a k i b a t p e r a b e r i a n k e m e r d e k a a n o l e h A u s
t r a l i a s e b a g a i n e g a r a k e s e m a k m u r a n I n g g r i s .
3 . P e r b a t a s a n s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u m a n i f e s t a s i p e n t i n g d a l a m k e d a u l a t a n t e r r i t o r i a l s u a t u n e g a r a , s e r i n g . , m e n i m b u l k a n s u a t u m a s a l a h a p a b f e l a t i d a k d i b e r i k a n p e n g a w a s a n y a n g c u k u p k u a t , a n t a r a l a i n s e b a g a i J a - l u r p e n y e l u n d u p a n , s e b a g a i t e r o b o s a a i m i g r a n g e l a p
s e r t a p e n y e b a r a n p a h a m -p a h a m v a n g b e r t e n t a n g u n d e n g a n i d e o l o g i n e g a r a R I t t e r h a d a p p e n d u d u k d i s e k i t a /
s t a b i l i t a s k e a m a n a n d a n k e t e r t i b a n d a l a m n e g e r i . 4 . P e n g a k u a n k e d a u l a t a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n o l e h m a s i n g m a -
s i n g p i h a k y a i t u I n d o n e s i a d e n g a n P a p u a N u g i n i d i - m a k s u d k a n u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h a k i b a t d a r i t i n d a k a n n y a , b a i k y a n g m e n v a n g k u t a s p e k j u r i d i s m a u p u n a s p e k p o l i t i k . P e n g a k u a n d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n d u a c a r a y a i t u d e n g a n c a r a e x p r e s s e d r e c o g n a t i o n d a n i m p l i e d r e c o g n a t i o n y a n g k e d u a n y a d i b e d a k a n a t a s p e n g u n g k a p - a n n y a , s e d a n g k a n t e o r i p e n g a k u a n p a d a g a r i s b e s a r n ^ u . a d a d u a t e o r i v a i t u t e o r i k o n s t i t u t i f d a n t e o r i d e - k l a r a t i f , p e r b e d a a n y a d a r i d u a t e o r i i n i t e r l e t a k
p a d a a s p e k p e n g a k u a n d i l i h a t d a r i s e g i l a h i r n y a s e - b u a h n e g a r a m e n j a d i s e b u a h p r i b a d i i n t e r n a s i o n a l . 5 . P S r j a n j i a n p e r b a t a s a n y a n g d i b u a t o l e h p e m e r i n t a h
I n d o n e s i a d a n P a p u a N u g i n i d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k m e m b u - a t k e s e p a k a t a n d a l a m m e n e n t u k a n f o r m a t b e n t u k d o k u - m en s e b a g a i p a g l i n t ' a s b a t a s y a n g b e r b e d a d e n g a n
y a n g t e l a h a d a y a i t u y a n g b e r l a k u s e c a r a i n t e r n a s i o - - n a l .
6 . K o o r d i n a s i p e n g a w a s a n v a n g d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n , d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k m e m u d a h k a n p a r a p e - t u g a s d a l a m m e n a n g g u l a n g i p a r a p e n y e l u n d u p ^ t a u p u n i m i g r a n g e l a p .
Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
7 . P e l a n g g a r a n y a n g i t i m b u l d i s e l e s a i k a n r a e l a l u i p r o s e d u . * y a n g t e l a h a d a d a n m e r u p a k a n s u a t u k e b i a s a a n i n t e r n - - e i o n a l .
8 , S e n g k e t a - s e n g k e t a y a n g t i m b u l t e n t a n g w i l a y a h p e r b a - t a a a n , s e b a i k n y a d i s e l e s a i k a n d e n g a n j a l a n d a m a i s e ^
p e r t i y a n g t e r c a n t u m d a lk r n p a s a l 3 3 p i g a m P e r s e r i k a - -
t a n B * n g s a - b a n g s a .
B . 5ARAN
-1 . P e r l u d i a d a k a n p e n a m b a h a n j u r a l a h p e t u g a s d i w i l a y a h p e r b a t a s a n , a g a r d a p a t m e l a k u k a n p e n g a w a s a n t e r h a d a p
p a r a p e l i n t a s b a t a s .
2 . A g a r l e b i h d i t i n g k a t k a n h u b u n g a n b a i k d e n g a n m e l a l u i p e n d e k a t a n s e r t a k e r j a s a m a d i b i d a n g p e r d a g a n g a n in i s a l n v a a t a u p u n d i b i d a n g b u d a y a , s e h i n g g a j i k a t e r j < * - d i s e n g k e t a a k a n d a p a t d i s e l e s a i k a n d e n g a n j a l a n d a r - ,
DAFTAR BACAAN
H a k im , S . A . , H ukum I n t e r n a s i o n a l . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .» J a k a r t - , 1 9 8 3 .
H a r i P u r w a n t o , P o s - p o s I m i g r a s i P e r b a t a s a n R l - P a p u a Nu N u g i n i d i I r i a n J a y a , P l n t u G e r b a n g . n o . 3 t h I I , F e b r u a r i , 1 9 8 4 . .
J . L i s s i t z v n O l i v e r , I n t e r n a t i o n a l L a w /T o d a y A n d T o m o r r c ^ O c e a n P u b l i c a t i o n s , N e w Y o r k , 1 9 6 5 .
, K e d u t a a n B e s a r R I P o r t M o r e s b y , L a p p r a n T a h u n a n 1 9 7 9 1 9 8 0 , P o r t M o r e s b y , 1 9 8 0 .
-_ -_ -_ -_ -_ -_ -_ -_ -_ -_ -_ , M e n y u s u r i P e r b a t a s a n R I - P a p u a N u g i n i , M e d i a K e l u a r g a I m i g r a s i . J a n u a r i , 1 9 8 4 .
R T - P a p u a N u g i n i T a n d a t a n g a n i M e m o r a n d u m o f U n d e r s t a n d i n g , S u r a b a y a P o s t , 2 3 J u l i 1 9 8 4 .
S o e h a r d i , H ukum I n t e r n a s i o n a l D a n E x i s t e n s i a l B a n g s a . K a n i s i u s , 1 9 6 0 .
S t a r k e , P e n g a n t a r H ukum I n t e r n a s i o n a l . T e r j e m a h a n I s j a w a r a , A l u m n i , B a n d u n g , 1 9 7 2 ,
S u w a r d i W i r i a t m a d j a , P e n g a n t a r H u b u n g a n I n t e r n a s i o n a l , P u s t a k a T i n t a M a s , S u r a b a y a .
Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
BASIC AGREEMENT
b e t w e e n t h e
G0V3*:RNMENT OP THE REPUBLIC OF I
NDONESIA
a n d t h e
GOVERNMENT OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA
o n
THE G O V E R N M E N T O F THE R EPU BLI C O F I N
D O N E S I A and
THE GOVERNMENT OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
NOTING the provisions of the Agreement dated the
13th day of November one thousand nine hundred
and s-venty-three and in particular Article 13
which called for a review of the Agreement upon
the expiration of five years from the date of
ratification;
DETERMINED to further foster co-operation, goodwill
and understanding between the two countries and to
co-operate in the administration and development of
the Border Area for the mutual benefit of their
peoples.
RECOGNISING the need to replace the said Agreement
dated the 13th day of November one thousand nine
hundred and seventy-three with a new Agreement;
As good neighbours and in a spirit of friendship and
c o - o p e r a t i o n ;
HAVE AGREED as follows:
Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
THE BOR
DER AREA
The Border Area shall consist of the
Kecamatan-kecamatan Perbatasan within the
Republic of Indonesia and the Census Divisions
within Papua New Guinea, in respect of which
i
1
the border forms part of their boundaries*
The Border Area may be varied from time to
time by an exchange of letters and maps after
mutual consultations.
For the purposes of implementation of paragraph
1 of this Article, the two Governments shall
consult and each make the necessary arrangements
for the mapping, by a mutually agreed method, of
that part of the Border Area on their respective
sides of the border.
A RTICLE 2
JOINT BORDER COMMITTEE AND CONSULTATION
There shall be established a Joint Border
Th
e Committee shall formulate guidelines and
procedures for the effective implementation of
this Agreement,
Members of the Committee shall, as appropriate,
advise and make recommendations to the'ir
respective Governments on all matters, procedures
and arrangements relating to the implementation
of this Agreement and to the development and
review of border co-operation.
The Committee
shall meet at least once a year, and additionally
as and when necessary, upon request by either
Government.
The venue for such meetings shall
be by rotation in each country.
The two Governments may, if required, consult
each other concerning the implementation and
operation of this Article.
ARTICLE 3
LIAISON ARRANGEMENTS
To assist i^he Joint Border Committee, liaison
at appropriate levels on matters of mutual
concern relating to the administration of the
border shall be established.
Arrangements shall
be made for regulating the functions and working
procedures for each level of liaison.
Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
established;
(a)
a level of primary liaison, as is
appropriate in each case, between officials
from Jakarta and Irian Jaya and officials
from Port Moresby and the We-, tern and
West Sepik Provinces, meeting at intervals
not exceeding two m o n t h s ; and
(b)
a level of secondary liaison between
officials of the Kabupaten or Kecamatan
in Irian Jaya and their counterparts of
the Districts in Papua New Guinea.
The main purposes of primary level liaison
meetings and secondary level liaison meetings
shall be as follows:
(a)
for primary level liaison meetings:
(i)
to exchange information on all
developments in the Border Area
which are of mutual interest to
(ii)
to devise, amend or establish
arrangements to facilitate the
practical operation, particularly
at local and district levels, of
the provisions of this Agreement;
and
^Ciii)
to ensure that both Governments,
through the Joint Border Committee,
are kept informed of developments
of significance relating to the
Border Area and that their attention
is drawn to any matters which may
require consultation in accordance
with this Agreement;
(b)
for secondary level liaison meetings, to
consider local technical or development
matters affecting border communities, and
to implement at the local level, when und
where necessary, arrangements approved
at the primary level of liaison.
Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
BOR
DER CROSSINGS FOR, TRADITIONAL AND CUSTOMARY
PURPOSES
The traditional and customary practices of the
peoples, who reside in the Border Area and are
citizens of the country concerned, of crossing
the border for traditional activities within
the Border Area, such as social contacts and
ceremonies including marriage, gardening and
other land usage, collecting, hunting, fishing
and other usage of waters, and customary bbrder
trade are recognised and shall continue to be
respected.
Such border crossings based on tradition and
custom shall be subject to special arrangements,
and normal immigration and other requirements
shall not apply.
The special arrangements shall be formulated on
the principle that such crossings shall be only
temporary in character and not for the purpose
A R T I C L E 5
CROSS B O R
D E R RIGHTS TO L A N D AND W A T E R
The traditional rights enjoyed by the citizens
of one country who reside in the Border Area
within that country
-(.a)
in relation to land in the Border Area
within the other country; or
(b)
for the purposes of farming, hunting,
fishing or other usages of land, seas
or waters in the Border Area within
the other country,
shall be respected, and the other country shall
permit the exercise of those rights, subject to
its laws and regulations, on the same conditions
as apply to its <;wn citizens.
The rights referred to in Paragraph 1 shall be
exercised by the persons concerned without
settling permanently on that side of the border
unless such persons obtain permission to eijiter
the other country for residence in accordance
with the immigration lav/s and procedures of
that country.
Skripsi PERJANJIAN BILATERAL ANTARA PEMERINTAH Rl-PAPUA NUGINI TENTANG PENGATURAN
