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v i
N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E L
K I M E D A K A N A G N I T N E P E K K U T N U H A I M L I A Y R A K I S A K I L B U P
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f o n o it a t n e s e r p e R e h
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Y T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T S
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i ence .s
Yogyakatra ,November30 ,2012
i v
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T N E M D E L W O N K C
A S
, ll a f o t s ri
F Ithankmyadvisor ,Dr .F.X. Siswadi ,M.A.,f o rbeing paiten t r
p g n it ir w s i s e h t y m g n ir u d p l e h d n a e d i u g o
t ocess . Iwould ilket o t hank himf o r s
i
h suppor tand suggesitonst o i mproveand makemy t hesi sbette revery week . I e
t a i c e r p p
a wha tmy reader ,Drs .Hrimawan Wjianarka ,M.Hum. of rhi ssuppor t .
r e tt e b s e m o c e b s i s e h t y m e k a m o t e c i v d a d n
a Iwould ilket o thank Mrs .Eilsa
. m u H . M , . S . S , i n a d r a W i w
D fo rbecoming my examiner .I also thank al lof t he e
r u t c e
l r sand staf fo fEngilsh Letter sDepatrment ,Sanata Dharma Universtiy . I k
n a h
t themf ort heris uppo trdu irngmys tudy. a
d e v o l e b y m k n a h t I , n e h
T ndwonderfu lparents ,JohnyBendatuandHeni i
n a y r u
S ,f ort hei reve lrasitng l oveand suppor tdu irngmystudyand my grea t ilf e o
r b y l e v o l y m k n a h t o s l a d l u o w I . a tr a k a y g o Y n
i the rJordan Benda dtua n my big
.s s e c o r p g n it ir w s i s e h t y m g n ir u d t r o p p u s d n a e v o l ri e h t r o f y li m a f
e t a i c e r p p a
I myBes tF irend sForever ,Mriant iMegawat iPeritwi ,Lisawait e
if f e t S d n a o r o t n u
B Endahfort hei rsuppo tr ,loveandalsof orl etitngmebeapar t f
r e d n o w r i e h t f
o u f . lile
r e tt e L h s il g n E n i s d n e ir f t s e b y m k n a h t
I sDepatrment ,Ju ilan T irildan it, a
ti n u
Y Prabandair ,Hanna Maira and Iirna Vrigiast uit Supolo fo rbeing bes t s
d n e ir
f , bes tfamliyandgrea tsuppo treri n myt hesi sw iritngprocess . Iwouldalso 8
0 0 2 e h t k n a h
t student swhose name s Ican no tmeniton one by one fo rthei r .t
r o p p u s
n e h
T , I thank Juilan T irildant i who suggested me to use Murasaki u
b i k i h
x i g n it ir w s i s e h t y m g n ir u d s n o it s e g g u
s process .Then , Ithank Sanata Dharma d n a y li m a f w e n , s d n e ir f w e n , s e c n e ir e p x e w e n h ti w e fi l y m g n il li f r o f y ti s r e v i n U
. n o it a c u d e n a e v a h o t e c n a h c e h t
e r g y m k n a h t I , t s a e l t o n y ll a e r t u b t s a l r o
F a tsavior ,Jesu sCh irs tfo rHi s o
l g n it s a lr e v e d n a g n i s s e l
b vef o reverysecondo fmy ilfe .Wtihou tHi sguidance I o
t e l b a e b r e v e n d l u o
w ge tup andfacemy ilfe. I t hank Him f o rgiving t hi sgrea t il
g n i z a m a d n
a f e ot meandt oeveryonearoundme.
a l e u n a m I a c i n o
x
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ………... i E
G A P L A V O R P P
A ………. ii
E G A P E C N A T P E C C
A ………. .. i ii
H A I M L I A Y R A K I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P R A B M E
L ……. .. i v
Y T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T
S ………... v
E G A P O T T O
M ………. vi
N O I T A C I D E
D PAGE……….. v i i S
T N E M G D E L W O N K C
A ……… xi
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ………. ix
T C A R T S B
A ……….. xii K
A R T S B
A ………. ix ii
N O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H
C ……… 1
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy………. 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton……… 3 .
C Objecitve soft heStudy……… 4 .
D Deifniitono fTerms……….. 5
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H
C ……….. 7
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies……….. 7 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheoires……… 9
Theoryo fCharacte randCharacteirzaiton... 9 .
C Reviewont heHeianErai nJapan…..……… 1. 1 .
D Theoreitca lFramework……… 51
Y G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
C ………... 1 7
.
A Objec toft heStudy………. 1 7 .
B Approacho ftheStudy……… 1 8 .
C Methodoft heStudy……….. 20
S I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H
C ……… 2 1
.
A Descirpitonabou tMurasak inoUeCharacteirzaiton……… ... 12 .
1 Clever... 21 .
2 Beautfiul... 2 3 .
3 Lonely………... 6 2 .
i x .
B The Representaiton o fUppe rClas sWomen’ sLfie in Heian Er a
e U o n i k a s a r u M f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C e h t h g u o r h
T …………. 33
.
1 The Intelilgen tUppe rClas sWomen i n Ltierature ,Music and ..
… … … … … … … … … a r E n a i e H e h t n i y h p a r g il l a
C 33
.
2 T hePhysica lAppearanceo fUppe rClas sWomen in t heHeian a
r
E ………... 36 .
3 TheClosed and Immoblie Lfie o fUppe rClas sWomen in t he …
… … … a r E n a i e
H ...………. 3 9 .
4 ThePowelressUppe rClas sWomen agains tMe n in t heHeian …
… … … … … … … … … … … … … … a r
E ...…....……… 42
N O I S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H
C ……….. 45
Y H P A R G O I L B I
B ……… 4 8
I D N E P P
A X... 50 f
o y r a m m u
ii x
T C A R T S B A
U T A D N E B A L E U N A M I A C I N O
M .The Representa iton o f Upper Clas s o n i k a s a r u M f o n o it a z i r e t c a r a h C e h t h g u o r h t a r E n a i e H e h t n i e fi L s ’ n e m o W
i k a s a r u M n i e
U Shikibu’s Tale o fGenij. Yogyakatra :Depa trmen to fEngilsh a
m r a h D a t n a S , s r e tt e L f o y tl u c a F , s r e tt e
L Universtiy ,2012.
ij n e G f o e l a
T wirttenbyMurasakiShikibu si astoryaboutt hel fieo fmain r
e t c a r a h
c andhi saffai rwtihl ot so fwomen .Murasak inoUei soneoft hewomen m
o h
w Genj ihas t heaffai rwtih .She i st heonly woman who accompanie sGenj i since chlid unit lhe rdeath .In the novel ,Murasak ino ue i sconsidered a sthe
h t n i e r u g if s ’ n a m o w t c e f r e
p eHeian erabased onwha tpeoplet hough tatfert hey l a c i s y h p s ’i k a s a r u M e s u a c e b t a h t y a s d l u o c e l p o e p e s o h T . i k a s a r u M w a s
it s ir e t c a r a h c d n a e c n a r a e p p
a c smatched wtih the idea l ifgure o fwoman in the .
a r e n a i e
H Tha ti swhy Murasak’i scharacte irzaiton can be used to seehow the .
e v a h e b d l u o h s a r e n a i e H n i n e m o w
t e r a e r e h
T w o objecitve sin thi sthesis .The frist objecitve i sabou tthe r
e t c a r a h
c izaiton o fMurasak ino ue .The second i show Murasak ino ue can .
a r e n a i e H n i n e m o w s s a l c r e p p u e h t t n e s e r p e r
g n i s u d e t c e ll o c e r a s e ir o e h t d n a a t a d e h t ,s i s y l a n a s i h t tr o p p u s o t r e d r o n I
a m ir p e h T . d o h t e m h c r a e s e r y r a r b il e h
t rydataweret akenf romTaleo fGenij .Thi s e
h t d e s u y d u t
s theory o fcharacte,r t heory o fcharacteirzaiton and socio-cutlural -.
h c a o r p p a l a c ir o t s i h
t a h t s w o h s y d u t s e h t f o s i s y l a n a t s ri f e h
T Murasak ii sclever ,beautfiul , .
s s e lr e w o p d n a , y l e n o l ,t n e i d e b
o Based ont hecharacteirzaiton o fMurasak ino ue , e
ti r w e h
t r ifnd soutt hatt herearef ourpoint sofr epresentaitonabou twomen’sl fie .
a r e n a i e H n
i Those representaiton s are in thei r intelilgence in ltierature , ,
c i s u m d n a y h p a r g il l a
c thei rphysica lappearance, t hei rclosed and immobliel fie , n
a d thei rpowelres sac tto thei rhusband .These four representaitons re lfect t hat a
r e n a i e H n i n e m o
w dono thavet hef reedomt o ilveal fiet hatt heywan tbecause o t d e tt i m r e p e r a y e h t y l e t a n u tr o F . d n a b s u h r i e h t r o r e h t a f ri e h t y e b o o t e v a h y e h t
n r a e
l ltierature so they can elevate thei rposiiton in the society by compeitng .
ii i x
K A R T S B A
U T A D N E B A L E U N A M I A C I N O
M .The Representa iton o f Upper Clas s o n i k a s a r u M f o n o it a z i r e t c a r a h C e h t h g u o r h t a r E n a i e H e h t n i e fi L s ’ n e m o W
e
U in Murasaki Shikibu’sTale o fGenij.Yogyakatra: Jurusan Sasrta Ingg irs , .
2 1 0 2 , a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U , a rt s a S s a tl u k a F
e l a
T fo Genij adalah karya yang dtiuil s oleh Murasaki Shikibu nd a n
a k a ti r e c n e
m tentang kehidupan Hikaru Genij nd a hubungan cintanya dengan k
a y n a
b wantia d isekeililngnya. Murasak ino Ue adalah salah us at d air wan tia n
il a j n e m g n a
y hubungan dengan Genj.i aD i adalah s -atu satunya wantia yang i
g n i p m a d n e
m Gen ijsejak masih keclihinggakemaitan menjemputnya. D idalam U
o n i k a s a r u M , l e v o
n e termasuksosoki dea lyangdidambakan kb ai lelakimaupun n
a m a z i d p u d i h g n a y a ti n a
w Heian. Murasak ino ue adalah wantia yang tepat k
u t n
u menggambarkan kehidupanyangdjialani ho le wantiaHeiandanbagaimana a
k e r e
m harusbersikappadazamanHeian. a
d
A d tua ujuan yang ingin dicapai penuils dalam sk irps iini .Tujuan h
a l a i a m a tr e
p mengetahui bagaimana karakteirsitk d air Murasak i no Ue l
e v o n n a k r a s a d r e
b Tale o f Genij . Tujuan yang kedua ialah mengetahui n
a r a b m a g g n e
p kehidupan wantia pada zaman Heian yang terilhat d air k
it s ir e t k a r a
k Murasak inoUe .
r e t a m n a d a t a d , i n i i s p ir k s g n u k u d n e m k u t n
U i-mater i dikumpulkan
u k u b i r a d l i b m a i d a m a t u a t a D . a k a t s u p n a a it il e n e p e d o t e m n a k a n u g g n e
m Taleo f
ij n e
G . Stud iin imenggunakan teor ikarakte rdan karakteirsasi ,dan pendekatan o
i s o
s -kutlural-histor.i
a w h a b n a k k u j n u n e m i n i i d u t s i r a d a m a tr e p s il a n
A Murasaki memiilki
k it s ir e t k a r a
k pintar , canitk , patuh , kesepian d an itdak berdaya d i hadapan .
a y n i m a u
s Berdasarkan karakte irsitk-karakteirsitk d air Murasakitersebut ,penu il s n
e m t a p a
d emukan gambaran tentang kehidupan wantia pada zaman Heian . n
a r a b m a g g n e
P tersebut berhubungan dengan kepintaran merekadalam l tierature , n
a li p m a n e
p lua,rhidupmerekayang sangatt etrutup ,dan sikap keitdakberdayaan a
k e r e
m ld am a menghadapi suami .Penggambaran t ersebut mencerminkan bahwa a k e r e m , g n a r a k e s n a m a z s a b e b e s h a l k a d it n a i e H n a m a z i d p u d i h g n a y a ti n a w
k u t n u n a k h e l o b r e p i d k a d
it perg ikemanapun yang mereka inginkan dan haru s .
k a l e k a k e r e m i m a u s n u p u a m h a y a a d a p h u t a p u l a l e
s Kabar baiknya adalah
a k e r e
m diperbolehkan untuk mempelaja ir ltieratur sehingga lh a tersebut dapat u
t n a b m e
1 R E T P A H
C I
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
d e lt it n e l e v o n a s e z y l a n a s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h
T Taleo fGenij ,w irtten
. u b i k i h S i k a s a r u M y
b MurasakiShikibu wa sa Japanesenoveilst ,poet ,and a maid f
o r o n o h f
o theimpeira lcou trdu irngt heHeianpe irod. Shei sknownast heautho r f
o TheTaleo fGenij, w irtteni nJapanesebetweenabou t1000and1008 ,oneoft he t
s e il r a
e novelsinhumanhistory. e h t t u o b a s i l e v o n e h
T el ffi o Hikaru-Genij ,or' TheShining P irnc 'e ,as the d
n o c e
s son o ftheJapanese Empero rand a low-ranking concubine ;hismother , , s n o s a e r l a c it il o p o t e u D . d l o s r a e y e e r h t y l n o s i ij n e G n e h w s e i d , o b u s ti ri K y d a L
u s e h t h ti w r e n o m m o c a s a y t e i c o s o t n i d e c a l p s i e
h rnameMinamoto and begin s
e t a rt n e c n o c o t s m e e s , tr a p t s o m e h t r o f e l a t e h T . r e c if f o l a ir e p m i n a s a r e e r a c s i h
. s ti u s r u p c it n a m o r s 'i j n e G n o e r o
m Thi snove linvtie sthe reade rto study more f
o e fi l e h t y ll a i c e p s e a r e t a h t n i e r u tl u c e h t t u o b
a uppe rclas swom en.
f o d o ir e p a s i n w o e K n e i m a D o t g n i d r o c c a a r e n a i e H e h t e li h w n a e M
n i d e t a c o l s a w l a ti p a c e h t n e h w e m it s ti m o r f e m a n s ti s e k a t t a h t y r o t s i h e s e n a p a J
n a i e H f o y ti c e h
t -kyo ( Kyoto)f rom794unit l1185 .Thi serai sgrealty i n lfuenced s
e e r u tl u c e s e n i h C y
b peciallyi nt hel tierature.I vanMorirsi nhi sbook TheWorld e
c n i r P g n i n i h S e h T f
o said tha t“Genj iand hi scricle were ,to be sure ,ferven t
it a c u d e l a c i s s a l c ‘ a o t d e d n o p s e r r o
c on ,’ t hati st o say ,wasf amiila rwtih Chinese ” . e s o r p d n a y rt e o p e s e n i h C f o s n o it a ti m i e l b a s s a p e c u d o r p o t e l b a d n a e r u t a r e ti l
(Morirs ,1964 :10 )Thati swhy women and men from uppe rclass t end t o l earn a
r o y rt e o p e k a m o t , n a c y e h t fi , d n
a prose i n a Chinese way .Besides tha,t t he s
i a r e n a i e H e h t n i r o d lr o w s ’i j n e G n i t c e p s
a related t o t hecavaile r rteatmen to f s
n i n e m o w f o e c n e n i m o r p e h t d n a r o r e p m e e h
t ociety. Event hough t herecan be o
s n i t u b y h c r a r e i h y li m a f e h t n i y c a m e r p u s e l a m t u o b a n o it s e u q o
n me way s
d e y o j n e n a m o w n a i e H e h T “ . a r e r e h t o n a n i n e m o w n a h t r e i k c u l e r a n e m o w n a i e H
o t t h g ir r e h d e e t n a r a u g s e d o c t n e r r u c e h T . w a l n i n o it i s o p e l b a r u o v a f y l b a k r a m e r a
l a i c n i v o r p e h t f o s r e t h g u a D . y tr e p o r p p e e k d n a t ir e h n
i -governo rclas sappea rto
n e e b e v a
h paritculalry wel l provided for , usually receiving a share o f the g n i e b d n a , s e t a t s e l a ir o n a m n i s t h g ir r o y tr e p o r p l a e r f o m r o f e h t n i e c n a ti r e h n i
5 0 2 : 4 6 9 1 , s ir r o M ( ” .s e s u o h n w o r i e h t p e e k o t w a l y b d e lt it n
e -206)
n o s a e r e h
T whythewrtie rdoe sthi sstudyi sbecauseuppe rclas swomeni n n
a i e
H era were wel laccepted duet o t heri i mpo tran trole i n “mar irage po ilitcs” . f o m e t s y s e h t s a w n e m o w f o n o it i s o p e l b a r u o v a f y l e v it a l e r e h t r o f n o s a e r e n O “
e h t o t y li m a f a r a w ij u F e h t m o r f d a e r p s h c i h w , ’ s c it il o p e g a ir r a m
‘ airstocracy i n
) 7 0 2 : 4 6 9 1 , s ir r o M ( ” .l a r e n e
g The marirage poilitc s are happened when the poilitciansi n theHeianeraarrangeanadvantageou smariragef ort hei rdaughter s
s c it il o p e g a ir r a m s i h T . n o it i s o p l a c it il o p r i e h t e r u c e s o t r e d r o n
i increase the
t s e r
p ige o fwomen in the Heian era .The Heian era i s known a sthe era o f il
s ’ n e m o
w terature.I nt hi serawomenaredeniedoppo truniitesfo reducaiton ,bu t n
r a e l e m o
n i h
C esewaned , ti i s women who createa new i ndigenou s rtadiiton i n l tierature . ij
n e G f o e l a T e h
T , whose setitng i si n the Heian era ,becomes t he irgh tbook t o e
z y l a n
a wha tkind of l fie uppe rclas swomen i n theHeian erai sfacing because .
l e v o n s i h t n i s r e t c a r a h c s ’ n e m o w f o t o l a e r a e r e h
t Tale so fGen iji osa ls w irttenby n
a m o w
a which make sthe wrtie rcan ifnda throughou texplanaiton abou tthe t
a h t c it s ir e t c a r a h
c the women in the Heian era have through the eye o fwoman
. fl e s r e h
e h t t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e tt e b a d n if o
T uppe rclas swomen’sl fie i n t he n
i y ll a i c e p s e e m it d l
o theHeianera,t hewrtie rchooseMurasak inouea sanobjec t n a s e m o c e b t a h t l ri g s s a l c w o l d e t p o d a n a s i i k a s a r u M . d e b ir c s e d e b o t
m o w s s a l c r e p p u g n i d n a t s t u
o an .She i sfamou sfo rhe rbroad knowledge abou t t
n e ll e c x e n a f o l o b m y s a s i i k a s a r u M , l e v o n s i h t n I . e r u t a r e ti
l uppe rclas swoman
h s t a h
t ouldbei mtiatedbyothe ruppe rclas swomen .
.
B ProblemFormula iton
h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e h t n i d e b ir c s e d a e d i e h t n o d e s a
B es tudy,t heproblemi s
: s w o ll o f s a d e t a l u m r o f
.
1 Howi st hecharacte ro fMurasak inouedescirbedi nt henovel? .
2 Howdoest hecharacte ro fMurasak inouer epresentt heuppe rclas swomen n
.
C Objec itve soft heStudy
Thepurposeoft hi spaperi stoshowhowt hel fieo fuppe rclas swomeni n e
h
t Heianeracanbeknownt hroughtot hecharacte irsitco fMurasakinouei nt he r
e p a p s i h T . l e v o
n ,f u trhermore ,aimst ounderstandandanswert hequesitonstated n
u d n a w o n k o t t u o b a s i c i p o t e h T . y l s u o i v e r
p derstand howt helfieo fuppe rclas s n
e m o
w int heHeianerat hrought hecharacteirzaitono fMurasak inoueaccording .
l e v o n e h t o t
c e h t w o h t u o b a l a e v e r o t s t n a w o s l a r e ti r w e h
T haracter so fMurasak ino
e
u re lfect sthe uppe rclas swomen at tha t itme and shows how the lfie o fuppe r s
s a l
.
D De ifniitono fTerms .
1 Representa iton according to Longman Dicitonary o fContemporary h
s il g n
E i sapainitng,s ign ,descirpitont hats howss omething.
.
2 Character according to Oxford Advanced Learner’ sDicitonary i sal l c t e , n o it a n , p u o r g , n o s r e p a e k a m t a h t s e it il a u q l a r o m r o l a t n e m e h t
s r e h t o m o r f t n e r e f fi
d (Hornby ,1995:186) .Meanwhliei n A Glossaryo f s
m r e T y r a r e ti
L ,character saret hepersonsr epresented i nadramaitco r
r a
n raitve work ,who are interpreted by the reade ra sbeing endowed s e c n e r e f n i y b s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e d n a , l a u t c e ll e t n i ,l a r o m r a l u c it r a p h ti w
ti g n i y a s f o s y a w e v it c n it s i d r i e h t d n a y a s s n o s r e p e h t t a h w m o r
f — the
e u g o l a i
d — andf romwhatt heydo— theaciton. .
3 Heianeraaccordingt oDamienKeowni nADicitonaryo fBuddhismi s e h t n e h w e m it s ti m o r f e m a n s ti s e k a t t a h t y r o t s i h e s e n a p a J f o d o ir e p a
n a i e H f o y ti c e h t n i d e t a c o l s a w l a ti p a
c -kyo (Kyoto )from 794 unit l tl
u c e s e n i h C y b d e c n e u lf n i y lt a e r g s i a r e s i h T . 5 8 1
1 ureespeciallyi nt he
.) 6 0 1 : 3 0 0 2 , n w o e K ( e r u t a r e ti
l Ivan Mor ir sin hi sbook The World o f e
c n i r P g n i n i h S e h
T said tha t“Genj iand hi scricle were ,to be sure , d e r u tl u c f l e s m i h t n u o c d l u o c n a m o n d n a ; a n i h C f o s r e ri m d a t n e v r e f
d e d n o p s e r r o c t a h w d a h e h s s e l n
u to a ‘classica leducaiton’ ,tha ti sto e l b a s s a p e c u d o r p o t e l b a d n a e r u t a r e ti l e s e n i h C h ti w r a il i m a f s a w , y a s
( ” . e s o r p d n a y rt e o p e s e n i h C f o s n o it a ti m
i Morirs ,1964:10 )Fromwha t y b d e ri m d a s i e r u tl u c e s e n i h C e h t t a h t n e e s e b n a c t i , d i a s s ir r o M n a v I
o e
a n i e s o r p a r o y rt e o p e k a m o t , n a c y e h t f i , d n a n r a e l o t d n e t s s a l c
, a r e n a i e H n i r o d lr o w s ’i j n e G n i t c e p s a e h t ,t a h t s e d i s e B . y a w e s e n i h C
r e p m e e h t f o t n e m t a e rt r e il a v a c e h t o t d e t a l e r e r
a o rand t heprominence
t u o b a n o it s e u q o n e b d l u o c e r e h t h g u o h t n e v E . y t e i c o s n i n e m o w f o
n a i e H s y a w e m o s n i t u b y h c r a r e i h y li m a f e h t n i y c a m e r p u s e l a m
n a m o w n a i e H e h T “ . a r e r e h t o n a n i n e m o w n a h t r e i k c u l e r a n e m o w
n i n o it i s o p e l b a r u o v a f y l b a k r a m e r a d e y o j n
e law .The curren tcode s
e h t f o s r e t h g u a D . y tr e p o r p p e e k d n a t ir e h n i o t t h g ir r e h d e e t n a r a u g
l a i c n i v o r
p -governo r clas s appea r to have been paritculalry wel l f o m r o f e h t n i e c n a ti r e h n i e h t f o e r a h s a g n i v i e c e r y ll a u s u , r o f d e d i v o r p
n i s t h g ir r o y tr e p o r p l a e
r mano ira lestates ,andbeingenitltedbyl awt o 5
0 2 : 4 6 9 1 , s ir r o M ( ” .s e s u o h n w o r i e h t p e e
7 I I R E T P A H C
THEORETICALREVIEWS
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies ij n e G f o e l a T e h
T i sthe story abou tGenj’i slfie in Heian era .Wirtten i
k a s a r u M n a h t r e h t o o n y b o g a s r a e y 0 0 0 1 y lr a e
n Shikibu, t hi s54 chapter l ong l a c it il o p , x e s , e v o l f o s n i a t n o c t I . n a p a J f o d o ir e p n a i e H e h t n i h ti w t e s s i e c n a m o r
n o it a l e r e h t t u o b a l e v o n a s i ti , y l d a o r b e r o M . a r e t a h t n i s e u s s i n o i g il e r d n
a ship
e h t s a i j n e G s i l e v o n s i h t n i r e t n e c e h T . e v o l e h n e m o w e h t d n a i j n e G n e e w t e b
a s a h e h r o r e p m e f o d li h c a s A . tr a m s d n a e m o s d n a h y r e v s i o h w r e t c a r a h c n i a m
n i n o s r i e h t s a i j n e G t n a w o h w r e t s i n i m f o t o l a e r a e r e h t o s e r u t u f t h g ir
b -law .
d n if i j n e G t u
B shi sown wayt o searcht hewomen whomhel oves .Accordingt o n
i l l e u m o h
R http://cu ire0809.blogspo.tcom/2009/03t/ale- fo -genij-bbook-review -y
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T Tale o fGenj icenter son the lfie and love so fa handsome son , s i h s a h i j n e G . d o ir e P n a i e H e h t g n ir u d r o r e p m E n a o t n r o b , ij n e G u r a k i H
s e v i g e h S . r o r e p m E e h t f o e fi w g n u o y e h t , o b u s ti j u F h ti w r i a f f a t i c il li t s ri f
w o n k n u e h t y b d e s i a r s a w o h w y o b a o t h tr i
b ing Empero ra shi sown son . e v a h o t n o s e o g i j n e G r i a f f a s i h t f o e s u a c e b y tl i u g g n il e e f h g u o h tl A
, o a g u Y , i m e s u s t U g n i d u l c n i s e i d a l tr u o c r e h t o h ti w s ri a f f a r e h t o s u o r e m u n
i k a s a r u
M - on -ue ,and Hanachriusato .A tone point ,Genj'i sadu tlery wtih a e
h t f o y d a
l oppostief aciton r esu tlsi nhi sbeingexliedf o rape irodt oSuma s u t a t s n i r e h tr u f s e s ir e h e r e h w , l a ti p a c e h t o t s n r u t e r e h , e m it t r o h s a r e tf A
e e g o p a e h t g n i h c a e r g n i k n a r l a i c if f o h g i h o t d e t n i o p p a g n i e b n o it i s o p d n a
.r e e r a c s i h f o
r c a s d a e r p s e l a t e h
T ossf ou rgeneraitons ,splashedwtihpoertyandr omance s ' u b i k i h S i k a s a r u M . e fi l f o y ti l a u q g n it e e lf e h t o t s s e n e r a w a d e n e t h g i e h d n a
d n a n a m u h f o b e w x e l p m o c a s e r o l p x e s c it il o p d n a , x e s , e v o l f o e l a t
.s p i h s n o it a l e r l a u ti ri p s
t u o b a s n i a l p x e w e i v e r e v o b a e h
e
G nj’i slove affari .Genj iwho could no tuntie wtih hi sfris tlove ,looked t he r
e h f o t n e m e c a l p e
r bymakingaffarit oothe rwomen .Becauseoft heaffari ,hewas m
u s o T . e v o l r e h t o n a d n u o f e h e r e h w a m u S o t d e li x
e ma irze ,Tale o fGenij i sa
.t r u o c e h t t a e fi l s i h d n a i j n e G f o r i a f f a e v o l e h t t u o b a y r o t s
s e d i s e
B Genj’i slove affari ,thi snove lalso tell su sthe aspec tabou tthe s
s a l c r e p p
u women societyatt ha t itme. I n theHeian era,t heuppe rclas swomen n
a h t r e i k c u l e r
a uppe rclas swomen i n anothe rerabecausei n theHeian erat hey .t
n e m t a e rt r
e tt e b t
e
g Lyn Reese in
l m t h . 9 n a i e H / m o c . y r o t s i h d lr o w n i n e m o w . w w w // : p tt
h saidt ha:t
n e m o w h g u o h tl
A were excluded from pubilc affaris ,they had in lfuenita l d n a , s e g a ir r a m e t a t s ,s e u g ir t n i e c a l a p n i t s e r e t n i n e e k a g n i k a t ,t r u o c t a s e l o r
. y tr e p o r p n w o d l u o c d n a , s n o it o m o r
p Women could own propetry , be r
e v o l e k a t o t , e t e r c s i d f i , d e w o ll a e r e w d n a , d e t a c u d
e .s
e h
T review explains t hat i n t he Heian era ,uppe rclas swomen have go ta bette r e h t d e w o ll a e m it t a h t t a w a l e h T . w a l y b d e t c e t o r p e r e w y e h t e s u a c e b t n e m t a e rt
d l u o w y tr e p o r p t a h T . s e v l e s m e h t r o f s t n e r a p r i e h t f o y tr e p o r p e h t p e e k o t n e m o w
s f i m e h t p l e
h omething bad happened such a sthe death o fthei rparent sbefore h
t eygo tmarired .Atl easti twould keep t hemsurviveuntlit heygo tmariredt o a .
m e h t e d i v o r p d l u o c t a h t n a m e lt n e g g n i s i m o r p
r e h t o n
A reason why t heuppe rclas swomengo tbette r rteatmen twas t hat c
g n i h t e m o
s alled‘ mariragepoilitcs ’spreadi nHeianera .Thef uncitono fmarirage f I . n e m o w e h t f o s t n e r a p e h t f o n o it i s o p e h t e g n a h c o t r o n e h t g n e rt s o t s a w s c it il o p
e h
t parent scould arrange a marirage wtih a man in high society ,including the m
n i n e m o w f o e g it s e r p e h t d e s a e r c n i ti y lt c e ri d n i t u b , e fi w l a p i c n ir p e h t f o
e l p o e p d o o g ‘ e h T . l a r e n e
g ’made themselve sstli lbette rby arranging r o r o r e p m e n a o t e l b i s s o p f i ,s r e t h g u a d r i e h t r o f s e g a ir r a m s u o e g a t n a v d a
r e t n e t h g i m e g a t n e r a p l a i c n i v o r p e l b m u h f o l ri g a n e v E . e c n ir p l a ir e p m i
2 : 4 6 9 1 , s ir r o M ( . k n a r t s e h g i h e h t f o n a m a h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r a o t n
i 0 7)
Theothe r irghtt hatt heuppe rclas swomengeti nHeianerai st heycan tge t
a c u d e e h
t ion even t hough t heeducaiton sonly refer ot ltierature such a spoerty ; y
h p a r g il l a c , c i s u
m and anothe ruppe rclas swoman educaiton .A sLyn said in l
m t h . 9 n a i e H / m o c . y r o t s i h d lr o w n i n e m o w . w w w // : p tt
h :
“Uppe rclas swomen ,a swel la smen ,wereexpected t o becomeexpetrsi n r a e w o t s r o l o c t a h w g n i d u l c n i ,l l e w g n i s s e r d f o t r a e h t d n a , g n it ir w , c i s u m
e p o r p e h t d n a n e h
w rdrapeo fas leeve.”
f o e p y t a r o f m e h t d a e l d l u o w t i , y lt c e f r e p d n a y l e t e l p m o c t i r e t s a m d l u o c y e h t f I
fi l o t d e t c e p x e s a w e h s t a h t e fi l l a r u tl u
c e .From the above review ,i tcould be n
i t a h t d e d u l c n o
c theHeian erauppe rclas swomen have go tabettert reatment . e
v il o h w n e m o w e h t n a h t r e i k c u l e r e w y e h
T d a tanothe rera .Tha tbecomes t he y
h w n o s a e
r the wrtie r wants to wrtie a thesi sabou t ti ,a thesi sabou t the f
o n o it a t n e s e r p e
r uppe rclas swomen’sl fiei nHeianerat hrought heTaleo fGen ij.
s w e i v e R .
B o fRelatedTheories
n o it a z i r e t c a r a h C d n a r e t c a r a h C f o y r o e h T
k o o b s i h n i m a r b
A AGlossaryo fLtieraryTerms ,Abrams( 1993 :23 )said e r a o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r d a n i d e t n e s e r p n o s r e p e h t e r a r e t c a r a h c a t a h t
e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n
i d wtih moral , disposiitonal , and y
a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it o m
e -thedialogue-and bywha t
o d y e h
k o o b s i h n i t e n r a
B Ltierature fo rComposiiton :Essays ,Ficiton ,Poetry a
m a r D d n
a (Barnet ,1988:712 )explain t heway to understand the characteirsitc :
h g u o r h t
s y a s r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h w . a
. c it s ir e t c a r a h c r e h r o s i h t e r p r e t n i s r e d a e r e h t p l e h l li w s y a s r e t c a r a h c e h t w o H
s e o d r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h w . b
d n a r e t c a r a h c a f o s r o i v a h e b r o s e d u ti tt a e h t n r a e l n a c e c n e i d u a r o s r e d a e r e h T
.s r e t c a r a h c e h t s e t a e r c r o h t u a e h t y ll a u t c a w o h s s e u g y a m y e h t
r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a s y a s s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o e h t t a h w . c
s e v i g d n a n o i n i p o r i e h t e r a h s y e h T . s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o h ti w s t c a r e t n i r e t c a r a h c A
y a m s t n e m m o c d n a n o i n i p o h c u S . r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a s t n e m m o
c relfec tthe
. n w a r d r e t c a r a h c e h t f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c
r o f s d o h t e m e v it a n r e tl a n e e w t e b e d a m y lt n e u q e r f s i n o it c n it s i d d a o r b A
g n i z i r e t c a r a h
c (.ie. ,estabilshing the disitncitve character sof )the person sin a n
I . g n il l e t d n a g n i w o h s : e v it a r r a
n showing (also called "thedramaitc method") , d
n a g n it c a d n a g n i k l a t s r e t c a r a h c e h t s t n e s e r p y l p m i s r o h t u a e h
t leavest her eade r
t a h w d n i h e b e il t a h t s n o it i s o p s i d d n a s e v it o m e h t r e f n i o
t they say and do .The
,s n o it c a d n a h c e e p s l a n r e t x e y l n o t o n w o h s y a m r o h t u
a bu talsoacharacters'i nne r
; s t n e v e o t s s e n e v i s n o p s e r d n a , s g n il e e f ,s t h g u o h
t fo rahighly developed modeo f e
e s , g n i w o h s r e n n i h c u
s streamo fconsciousnes .sInt elilng,t heauthori ntervene s d
n a , e b ir c s e d o t r e d r o n i y l e v it a ti r o h t u
a o tfen to evaluate ,the moitves and h
c e h t f o s e it il a u q l a n o it i s o p s i
d aracter .s( Abrams ,1981 :33- )3 4
e r a s d o h t e m l a t n e m a d n u f e e r h t e s o h T . l e v o n e h t n i e n o e m o s f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c r e t c a r a h c e h t f o n o it c u d o rt n i e h t t s ri
f thati sw irtten i n t henovel ,secondyou can l e v o n e h t n i r u c c o t a h t n o it c a r i e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t s s e u g s d o h t e m l a t n e m a d n u f e e r h t e h T . fl e s ti r e t c a r a h c e h t n i h ti w m o r f s i d ri h t e h t d n a k o o b s ’ n o m r a H n i d e t a t s e r
a AHandbooko fLiteratureFitfhEdiiton:
e h t ) 1 ( : n o it c if n i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o s d o h t e m l a t n e m a d n u f e e r h t e r a e r e h t t c e ri d h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c e h t f o r o h t u a e h t y b n o it a t n e s e r p t i c il p x e l a e m e c e i p n e tf o e r o m r o k c o l b y r o t c u d o rt n i n a n i r e h ti e , n o it i s o p x e , k r o w e h t t u o h g u o r h
t illusrtated by aciton ;(2 )the presentaiton o fthe e h t n i ,r o h t u a e h t y b t n e m m o c t i c il p x e o n r o e lt ti l h ti w , n o it c a n i r e t c a r a h c r o t c a e h t f o s e t u b ir tt a e h t e c u d e d o t e l b a e b l li w r e d a e r e h t t a h t n o it a t c e p x e o r f n o it a t n e s e r p e r e h t ) 3 ( d n a ; n o it c a e h t m o r
f m wtihin the character ,
e h t f o t c a p m i e h t f o , r o h t u a e h t y b r e t c a r a h c e h t n o t n e m m o c t u o h ti w n o it a t c e p x e e h t h ti w , fl e s r e n n i s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t n o s n o it o m e d n a s n o it c a e h t f o s e t u b ir tt a e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u r a e l c a o t e m o c l li w r e d a e r e h t t a h t .r e t c a r a h c
C. Reviewont heHeianerai nJapan n i n w o e K n e i m a D o t g n i d r o c c
A A Dicitonary o fBuddhism Heiani sa s a w l a ti p a c e h t n e h w e m it s ti m o r f e m a n s ti s e k a t t a h t y r o t s i h e s e n a p a J f o d o ir e p n a i e H f o y ti c e h t n i d e t a c o
l -kyo ( Kyoto)f rom 794unit l1185 .Thi serai sgrealty . e r u t a r e ti l e h t n i y ll a i c e p s e e r u tl u c e s e n i h C y b d e c n e u lf n i a n o d e s a b s a w , t s a p e h t n i y t e i c o s s r e h t o y n a m e k il , y t e i c o s n a i e H d n a , r e w o p , h tl a e w , e c if f o e h t e n i m r e t e d l li w k n a r tr u o c e h T . s e d a r g f o y h c r a r e i h u a c e b e fi l y li a d r i e h t n i e s l e g n i h t y n
a se o ftha tmany people wan tto ge ta o
m o r
d e n i m r e t e d k n a r tr u o c t a h t s a w m e t s y s w e n e h t f o e r u t a e f g n i d n a t s t u o e h T
, h tl a e w s ’ e n o d n a t n e m n r e v o g e h t n i t s o p s ’ e n o h t o
b rathert hanviceversa
( . e m o R l a ir e p m I n i d n a a n i h C n i l a m r o n s a w s
a Mor irs ,1964:64)
e r e w e r e h
T two way stha tcan be chosen by somebody i fthey wante d to be t
s ri f , d e t o m o r
p todependon t herif amliyconneciton.I ft herif amliyhadthegood i
w n o it c e n n o
c th othe rhigh rank ,i twa spossible that thei rrank wli lge thighe r ,
d n o c e S . s e c n e u lf n i s ’ k n a r h g i h e s o h t f o e s u a c e
b toge tmariredwtihwomenf rom
i
hgherr ankandt hiss ystemwasusefulf o rwoment oo . a r r a y b r e tt e b l li t s s e v l e s m e h t e d a m ’ e l p o e p d o o g ‘ e h
T ngingadvantageou s
… s r e t h g u a d r i e h t r o f s e g a ir r a m
p i h s n o it a l e r a o t n i r e t n e t h g i m e g a t n e r a p l a i c n i v o r p e l b m u h f o l ri g a n e v E
) 7 0 2 : 4 6 9 1 , s ir r o M ( . k n a r t s e h g i h e h t f o n a m a h ti w
h c i h w y b m e t s y s e h
T peoplearranged advantageousmariragesf ort hei rdaughter s
a
w called‘ mariragepoilitcs’ .Becauseoft he‘ mariragepo ilitcs’ ,women’sr olei n e
h
t Heianerabecamesoi mpo trant .Evensomeitme ,st heparent swho ilvedin t he m t a h t e c n a h c e h t f o e s u a c e b y o b a n a h t r e h t a r r e t h g u a d a r o f h s i w a r e n a i e
H aybe
y a d e m o
s thei rdaughte rwouldmarryap irnce.
d o ir e p n a i e H e h t n i , e r u s o p x e y b s lr i g y b a b g n il li k f o e c it c a r p e h t m o r f r a F
n a m A . y t e i c o s n i n o it i s o p s ' y li m a f r e h e c n a v d a d l u o c d li h c e l a m e f a y l n o
h g i h s a y l n o s a
w -ranking a shi sfather .Bu ta woman could become a concubineoft heempero ,rt hereforewinning itltesf o rherf ather ,brothers ,
.s n i s u o c d
n a ,
s e l c n u ,
s r e t s i s
(http://www.carliilon.eastkingdom.org/HEIANin rto.html) n
o it i s o p s ’ n e m o w e h t , o s l
A in t hehierarchywasmore lfexiblethan men’s ,even k
n a r w o l e h
t ed women could marry men from an uppe rclas sposiiton .I fthose a
g s e l p u o
c ve brith to a daughter ,maybe they could arrange a marirage o fthei r e
n o e m o s h ti w r e t h g u a
d whose posiiton was highe ro reven an empero rhimsefl . a
g y e h t fi t u
r e t s i s s i h n a h
t .Thi swasalsoexpeirencedbyGenij ,hewasthesonoft heempero r h
f o e s u a c e b t u
b i smother’ shumble bitrh he would neve rhope to become an y
a m e h y ti l a u q e h t r e v e t a h w r e h t a f s i h e k il r o r e p m
e have .
s
A Morirss aidi nhi sbookTheWorldoft heShiningPrince:
s i , r o r e p m e n a f o n o s e h t s i e h h g u o h t , r e v e w o h , fl e s m i h i j n e G
b e l b m u h s ’ r e h t o m s i h y b d e p p a c i d n a h y l b a i d e m e r
ri itrh and can neve r
a h w , r e h t a f s i h d e e c c u s o t e p o
h teve rquail ifcaiton he may have (Mor irs , )
7 0 2 : 4 6 9 1
e h
T uppe rclas swomen who ilved in the Heian era were interesitng f
o e s u a c e
b thei rablitiyi nl tierature ,musicand others .Heianerawastheonlyera e
h
w reuppe rclas swomen were given t he oppo truniite sfo reducaiton especially .
e r u t a r e ti l f o n o it a c u d e e h t
o g a s a d e s u n e tf o s a w y rt e o
P -between among men and women .A tcour t n i a tr e c a f o e g d e l w o n k s 'e n o e t a rt s n o m e d o t n o p u d e ll a c e b t h g i m e n o
a e b d n a , m e o
p ble to wrtie a poem on the spot .Highly forma l"poerty r o m e o p t p e n i n A . s s e n r e v e l c d n a t i w s 'e n o g n it s e t , d e g a t s e r e w " s e it r a p
o s l a d l u o c y h p a r g il l a c r o o P . d e n r o c s d n a t a d e h g u a l s a w e s a r h p d e t o u q s i m
. n o it a t u p e r a n i u
r (http://www.womeninwo lrdhistory.com/Heian9.html ) l
Athough t he uppe rclas swomen i n theHeian era had theoppo truntiy t o e
h t t e
g educaitonbutt hoseeducaitonwa sstli l ilmtied .Theycouldlearnaboutt he e
r e w y e h t t u b e r u t a r e ti
l no tpermitted t ol earnpoilitc ,sl awand othert hings ,only e
r e w o h w n e
m permitted to learn those things .The society in the Heian era h
g u o h
t thatt hel tilteeducaitont hewomengott hebetter . w
s s a l c r e p p
U omen i ntheHeianera ,especially t heonewhohad marired , e
r e
w neve rallowed to go outside he rhouse i fthere were no tany impo trant d
a h y e h t ,t u o t n e w y ll a n if y e h t fi n e v E . s t n e v
d n u o r r u s t a h t s ll a
w e dheri n ordert onott omeett heeye soft hesrtanger .A sIvan :
d i a s s ir r o M
r e h s a e lt ti l s a s e it i v it c a r o o d t u o n i d e t a p i c it r a p o y K n a i e H f o n e m o w e h T
r e h e v a e l d i d e h s n e h w s n o i s a c c o e r a r n o d n a ; d lr o w m e l s o M e h t n i r e t s i s
x o r e h f o s ll a w e h t e s u o
h -car irage protected her ,more completely than m
o r f , k a m h s a y y n a d l u o
c theeye sofs rtanger .(Mor irs ,1964:210)
In thei rownhouset heystli lhad tobecarefu lnott ogoou tcarelesslybecauset he k
l a w y l b a b o r p e s u o h r i e h t f o t s e u
g edt hrough and sawher .They wereallowedt o t
s e u g e h t h ti w k l a t d n a t e e
m only through the screen o fstate tha twas placed e
h t n e e w t e
b womenand t hegues teven fit hegues twashe rownf ather .Also t he e
h t e r e h w m o o
r uppe rclas swomen usually spend t hei r itmea thousewasin t he o
c ndiiton o fsemi-obscurtiy ,meant tha tthey could not disitnguish the day and .
k r a d o o t s i m o o r e h t e s u a c e b t h g i n
s a w s s e n il e n o
L par to fthe lfie o fuppe rclas swomen in the Heian era . t
n a v r e s f o s t o l e v a h o t d n e t n e m o w s s a l c r e p p
U s fo rthei rselve sonly so they e
r e
w freef romt hechore sandalsot heneedt olooka tfe rhe rchlid .Whatt hey od ne s
a w y a d y r e v
e jus tstiitng fo rhour sa tthei rroom and gazing into space .Thei r s
a w t n e m n i a tr e t n e y l n
o whensomel ettersf romt hei rmaleorf emalef irend scame d
l u o c y e h t o
s read andwrtiet hel ettersback.I ntheHeianera ,al etterbecamet he y
e h T . e v o l e h n a m o w e h t o t n a m a r o f n o it a c i n u m m o c n i a
m dh a towrtieseveral
n a m o w e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p e h t t e g o t r e d r o n i t s ri f s r e tt e
l ’sf atheri norderto see
p e h T . g n it e e m e t a v ir p n i n a m o w e h
t irvatemeeitngi nt hi scasedid no tmeantha t m
e h t f o o w t e h t y l n o t s u
j bu talso wtih t he presen toft hewoman’ sservant sand s
a w t a h t e t a t s f o n e e r c s e h
t placedbetween t hel over .s Screen o fstatewas likea s
a w n o it c n u f h c i h w n i a tr u
f o n e m o
W a irstocraitc statu sspen tmos tof t hei r itmea sadutl sstiitng i n .s
e c n e d i s e r ri e h
t A smenitonedabove,t heser esidence sgenerallyhadaf ew .s
m o o r n e p o e g r a l y r e
v Po trablescreen smadeoff ab ircand cu train swere o t s t n a d n e tt a d n a s t n a v r e s h ti W . s m o o r e s e h t g n i d i v i d f o s n a e m r o j a m e h t
y l e v it a l e r e r e w e r e h t , n e r d li h c f o e r a c g n i k a t g n i d u l c n i , k r o w e h t l l a o d
. n o it n e tt a g n ir i u q e r s r e tt a m g n i s s e r p w e
f Boredom wa sa problem fo r
y e h t s a n e m o w c it a r c o t s ir a y n a
m sa tbehind screen
