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m it y r e v
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h AdvenitnaPurtanit .S .S .M .Hum .who d
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r g e h
T eatestt hank saref o rmyf amliy .Tomyf ather ,Ttiu sHarnoWibowo , r
e h t o m y m o T . w o n m a I o h w e b n a c I t a h t o s e c i v d a r u o y r o f u o y k n a h t
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i v
Y T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T S
h
I oneslty declared tha t thi s thesis , Tolstoy’ s War Ideology a s Re lfected Through the Charateriza iton o fHadj iMurad in Tolstoy’ sHadj iMurad ,
r e h t o f o k r o w e h t f o s tr a p f o k r o w e h t n i a t n o c t o n s e o d , n e tt ir w e v a h I h c i h w
t o u q e h t n i d e ti c e s o h t t p e c x e , e l p o e
p aiton sand references ,a sscienit ifc pape r .
d l u o h s
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Y 20J anuary2013
ii v
N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E L
S I M E D A K A N A G N I T N E P E K K U T N U H A I M L I A Y R A K I S A K I L B U P
: a m r a h D a t a n a S a w s i s a h a m , a y a s ,i n i h a w a b i d n a g n a t a d n a tr e b g n a Y
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n a k ir e b m e m a y a s , n a u h a t e g n e p u m li n a g n a b m e n e p i m e
D kepada
Perpustakaan Universtia s Sanata Dharma karya limiah saya yang bejrudul : “ lTostoy’ s Wa r Ideology a s Relfected Through the Charateirzaiton o fHadj i
s ’ y o t s l o T n i d a r u
M Hadj iMurad”besetraperangka tyangdipe lrukan.
s a ti s r e v i n U n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k a y a s n a k ir e b m e m a y a s n a i k i m e d n a g n e D
a m r a h D a t a n a
S hak untuk menyimpan ,mengailhkan dalam bentuk media lain , n a d , s a t a b r e t a r a c e s n a k i s u b ir t s i d n e m , a t a d n a l a k g n a p k u t n e b m a l a d a y n a l o l e g n e m
s i m e d a k a n a g n it n e p e k k u t n u n i a l a i d e m i d u a t a t e n r e t n i i d a y n n a k i s a k il b u p m e m
a y a s a d a p e k i tl a y o r n a k ir e b m e m n u p u a t a a y a s i r a d n i z i a t n i m e m u lr e p a p n a t
e
s lamat etapmencantumkannamas ayas ebaga ipenuil .s
. a y n r a n e b e s n a g n e d t a u b a y a s g n a y i n i n a a t a y n r e p n a i k i m e D
a tr a k a y g o Y i d t a u b i D
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P 20Januair2013
, n a k a t a y n e m g n a Y
ii i v
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
L T I
T EPAGE………………………………………………………….. i V
O R P P
A ALPAGE………………………………………………….. ii .. …
… … … … E G A P E C N A T P E C C
A ……………………………........ .. i ii
… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … E G A P N O I T A C I D E
D … iv .
W O N K C
A LEDGEMENTS……………………………………………. v Y
T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T
S ……… iv
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
L v i i
E L B A
T OFCONTENTS…………………………………………….… iv ii A
R T S B
A CT…………………………………………………………….. x
B
A STRAK………………………………………………………………. xi
N O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H
C ………. 1
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy……… 1 .
B Problem sFormulaiton……… 8 .
C Objecitve soft heStudy………. .8 .
D De ifniitono fTerms………... 8 I
I R E T P A H
C :THEORETICALREVIEW……….... 11 .
A Reviewo fRelatedStudie s……….. 11 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheo ire s……… 14 .
1 Theoryof Characte randCha tre irzaiton………... 14 .
2 Tolstoy’ sBiography...………... 02 .
C Theoreitca lFramework……….. 22 Y
G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
C ……….. 42
.
A Objec toft heStudy………. 42 .
B Approachoft heStudy……….……….. 52 .
C Methodoft heStudy………. 7..2 S
I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H
C ……… 82
.
A TheCharacteirzaitonoft heMainCharacter. ... 82 .
1 Physica lCharacteirsitc so fMurad………... 82 .
2 Murad’ sPersonaltiy…………... 31 .
a Courageu s... 31 .
b No tAfraido fDeath ... 83 .
c Affecitonate ... 24 .
d Raitonal. ... 44 .B Hadj iMurada saRelfecitono fTolstoy……... 94
u M .
1 rada saMolodet s... 05 ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. t s if i c a P a s a d a r u M .
x i V
R E T P A H
C :CONCLUSION………... 45 Y
H P A R G O I L B I
B ………. 95
I D N E P P
A X ………. ... 06 …
… … … … … … … … … … … y r o t S e h t f o s i s p o n y
x A R T S B
A C T
A W A B I W I D I W M A R B
A . Tolstoy’ sWa rIdeology a sRelfected through the s ’ y o t s l o T n i a y n h c e h C f o t c il f n o C e h t n i d a r u M i j d a H f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
C Hadj i
d a r u
M . Yogyakatra :Depatrmen to fEngilsh Letters ,Facutly o fLetters .Sanata a
m r a h
D Universtiy ,2013.
o s n e p p a h h c i h w y r o t s e u rt a s i s k r o w y r a r e ti l e h t f o e p y t e n
O n wa r
e lt it n e s k r o w t s a l s i h s e ti r w y o t s l o T ) o e L ( t n u o C . n o it a u ti
s Hadj iMurad .Hadj i
d a r u
M contain swa randpersona lconfilcti nside.I nwa rstiuaiton ,agooddecision e l p o e p e m o s e s u a c e b t i d i d r e t c a r a h c r o j a m a s a d a r u M i j d a H . t n a tr o p m i y r e v s i
.t i n o t n e d n e p e d e r a
r a e p p a l li w h c i h w c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ d a r u m i j d a H d n if o t d e m i a s i s i s e h t s i h T
whenf acingt hewar .Therearet woproblemsi nt heanalysis;f risti showt hemain d a r u M i j d a H w o h d n o c e s , d n a l e v o n e h t n i d e z ir e t c a r a h c s i ) d a r u M ( r e t c a r a h c
. a y n h c e h C f o t c il f n o c e h t o t d e t a l e r y g o l o e d i s ’ y o t s l o T s t c e lf e r
e s e r e h t ,s m e l b o r p e h t n o d e s a
B arche rwli lanailzet hemaincharacterf rom .
s c it s ir e t c a r a h c l a c i s y h p n o n e h t o t p u l a c i s y h p e h
t Some step sappiled in thi s
g n i o d , a t a d e h t g n it c e ll o c e r a y d u t
s close reading ,gaining t hedata necessary t o a
e v e r d n a g n i d a e r ,s n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n
a ilngt heunrulycharacteirsitc s
o e L d n a y g o l o e d i s ’ d a r u M i j d a H n e e w t e b y ti r a li m i s e h t g n ir o l p x e d n a , d a r u M f o
s i h t f o r e h c r a e s e r e h t y b d e s u s a w h c a o r p p a l a c i h p a r g o i b d n a l a c ir o t s i H . s ’ y o t s l o T
. h c r a e s e r
a r a h c n i a m e h t y b d e c a f s t c il f n o c n i a m o w t e r a e r e h
T cte rin the novel .
e ti u q s t c il f n o c h t o b s e c a f d a r u M i j d a H . s t c il f n o c l a n o s r e p d n a r a w e r a y e h T
s e h t o l c d n a , e li m s , s e y e s i h t a h t d n u o f r e h c r a e s e r e h t , t s ri F . y l y r a n i d r o a rt x e
h t g n i c a f n i e v a r b t u b , m o d e e r f d e v o l , m l a c s a w e H . y ti l a n o s r e p s i h d e t n e s e r p e
r e
n i a m e h t s e if ir a l c r e h c r a e s e r e h t , y ll a n i F . k s ir e h t g n ir e d i s n o c h ti w m e l b o r p
i x B
A STRAK A W A B I W I D I W M A R B
A . Tolstoy’ sWa rIdeology a sRelfected Through the s ’ y o t s l o T n i a y n h c e h C f o t c il f n o C e h t n i d a r u M i j d a H f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
C Hadj i
d a r u
M Yogyakatra :Jurusan Sasrta Ingg irs ,Fakutla sSasrta .Universtia sSanata 1 0 2 , a m r a h
D 3 .
t n e b u t a s h a l a
S uk dar ikarya sasrta adalah certia nyata yang diambi l k u t n e b m a l a d r i h k a r e t a y r a k s il u n e m y o t s l o T ) o e L ( t n u o C . g n a r e p g n it t e s n a g n e d l u d u jr e b g n a y l e v o
n Hadj i Murad . Nove l in i beirs i certia tentang konfilk s n a p u d i h e k m a l a D . l a n o s r e p k il f n o k n a d n a g n a r e p e
p ehar ihair ,membua tsuatu
a y n a m a l e s k a d it g n a r o e s e s , a g u j n u p a n a m i a g a B . m u m u g n a y l a h h a l a d a n a s u t u p e k l a h n a g n e d n a s u r u r e b s u r a h g n a r o e s e s g n a d a K . e l e p e s g n a y l a h n a g n e d n a s u r u r e b n u p u a t a n i a l g n a r o n a g n it n e p e k n a g n e d n a ti a k r e b g n a y s u ir e s h i b e l g n a y e p e
k nitngan d ri i sendiir . Dalam kasu s ini , orang tersebu t haru s membua t a d a p g n u t n a g r e b a i s u n a m a w a y n k a y n a b n a k a n e r a k i d t a p e t g n a y n a s u t u p e k l a h n a k a p u r e m g n a r o e s e s f it o m i u h a t e g n e m , u ti l a h k u t n U . t u b e s r e t n a s u t u p e k m a i d g n a y n a s u t u p e k i tr e g n e m k u t n u g n it n e
p bi lolehorangt ersebu.t
t a fi s a s k ir e m e m k u t n u n a k d u s k a m i d i n i i s p ir k
S -sfia t yang ada dalam
d a r u M i j d a H r e t k a r a
k dalam mengadap iperang .Ada dua permasalahan yang l a d n a k l u c n u m i
d amanailsai ni ;yangpetramaadalah bagaimanakarakte irsitkdar i , d a r u M i j d a
H sedangkan yang kedua adalah bagaimana karakteirsitk tersebu t y o t s o T g n a d n a p t u d u s t u d u s n a k r a b m a g g n e
m yang berhubungan dengan konfilk
. a y n h c e h C i d a d a g n a y t u b e s r e t h a l a s a m n a k r a s a d r e
B ,peneilit akan menganailsi skarakteirsitk e s i r a d k i a b a m a t u h o k o t ir a
d g i ifsik maupun non- kifsi .Metodolog iyang peneilit i
a k a
p dalam penuilsan sk irpsi i n iadalah kaijan pustaka .Beberapa l angkah yang , m a l a d n e m a r a c e s a c a b m e m , a t a d n a k l u p m u g n e m h a l a d a n a k a n u g i d u m r o fi d g n a y h a l a s a m n a g n e d n a t u k g n a s r e b g n a y a t a d n a k g n a b m e g n e
m lasikan ,
n a d , d a r u M i r a d k it s ir e t k a r a k m a l a d n e m a r a c e s a k u b m e m n a d a c a b m e m . y o t s l o T o e L n a d d a r u M i j d a H a r a t n a i g o l o e d i n a a m a s e k i s a r o l p s k e g n e m . h a r a j e s i u l a l e m n a t a k e d n e p h a l a d a it il e n e p h e l o n a k a n u g i d g n a y n a t a k e d n e P n a t a k e d n e p n a k a n u g g n e m n a g n e
D (sejarahdan irwaya thiduppenuils) .Hanyaada t u b e s r e t ir o e t n a d s a t a i d c i p o t a s il a n a g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y i r o e t u t a
s yang
i s a k if i s a l k g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d n a k
a kesamaankarakte irsitknya.
, i n i l e v o n m a l a d r e t k a r a k h e l o i p a d a h i d g n a y a m a t u k il f n o k a u d a d A lf n o
k ik perang dan konilk personal .Dar iduakonfilk yang t ejrad ikarakte rHadj i . a s a i b r a u l n a g n e d a y n i p a k i s n e m d a r u
M Yang petrama adalah meilha t dar i
n a k i s a t n e s e r p e r e m a y n n a i a k a p n a d , m u y n e s , a t a M . a y n k i s if r e t k a r a k . a y n n a i d a b ir p e
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
8 1 e h t n
I - 91 thcentury ,Russiawa sabigcounrty .Russiacolonized Poland ,
e n o s a w a y n h c e h C n i r a w s u s a c u a C . a i s A n i s e ir t n u o c r e h t o d n a , e n i a r k U
e h t e r e w l i m a h S d n a , t a z m a G , h a ll o M y z a h G . e l p m a x
e Chechen who tired to
c n a t s i s e r e k a
m e .Shami lwa sthe heroic one .He co uld defense from Russian
0 4 8 1 n i d e n e p p a h t a h T . v o t s n o r o V y b d e l s a w h c i h w k c a tt
a -1843 .Merged wtih
h t li m a h S , n e h c e h C e h
t e y won a wa ra tTha tFew big-itme .“Thecapture of t he
’r e t h g if m o d e e r f‘ m il s u
M Shamli ,in 1859 may be seen a sthe beginning o fthe
. ) 1 4 : 6 0 0 2 : n e v e i L ( ” r e w o p n a i s s u R o t e c n e t s i s e r d e m r a e v it c a r o f d n e
f o r e d a e l e h t h ti w t c il f n o c l a n r e t n i e h T . g n o l t o n s a w y r o l g e h t r e v e w o H
s s e l h t u r s ’l i m a h S . t c il f n o c s u o ir e s a e m a c e b d n a 0 4 8 1 n i d e tr a t s r e y a r p l a n u m m o c
e d a m l a d u e
f the mountaineer sangry .The socia lcon rtadiciton also grew and
a F e h t n e h T . e t u c a e m a c e
b rmersl eaveShami lslowly .Thei nterna lconfilc twhich
9 5 8 1 n I . s w o ll e f s ’l i m a h S y b n o il l e b e r e h t e d a m o s l a a y n h c e h C n i d e n e p p a h
s a w d n a 4 6 8 1 l it n u d e n e p p a h r a w s u s a c u a C e h T . a i s s u R y b d e t s e r r a s a w l i m a h S
. n o it a r a l c e d s 'r a s T e h t y b d e d n e
n o l o c e h t s e d i s e
B izaiton ,Russia had also produced a numbe ro fwrtier s
r e ti r w s u o m a f e h t f o e n O . ii k s v e o d O . F . V d n a n i k s u P s a h c u
s wa sTolstoy .Coun t
s a w e H . w o n l li t a r e s i h n i r e ti r w s u o m a f a s a w y o t s l o T h c i v e y a l o k i N ) o e L ( v e L
a n a y l o P a y a n s a Y n i , 8 2 8 1 , 8 2 t s u g u A n o n r o
. s s a l c l a i c o s d e t a v e l e s i h f o l a c i p y t d o o h d li h c d e g e li v ir p a d e y o j n e y o t s l o T , g n u o y
g n i d u l c n i e r u t a r e ti l f o s s e n d n o f s a l l e w s a s e g a u g n a l r o f t fi g a d e w o h s e h n e h T
d l O e h t y ll a i c e p s e , e l b i B e h t d n a n i k h s u P f o s m e o p , s e l a t y ri a
f Testamen’t sstory
. h p e s o J f o
a , y r a r o p m e t n o C r o f e t o r w e h n e h w r e ti r w r o j a m a e m a c e b y o t s l o T
e m a c e b e h t a h t r e tf A . n e r d li h c r o f s l e v o n e t o r w e H . 2 5 8 1 t a l a n r u o j g r u b s r e t e P
n i a m e r y o t s l o T . s e ir o t s t r o h s d n a s l e v o n g n it ir w n i e v it c
a ed t o beoneo tfhemos t
t n a tr o p m
i 19th century wrtier .s He had wirtten numerou s ifcitons ,journailsitc
d e h s il b u p e h n e h w s a w e g a n e d l o g s i H . s k o o b t x e t l a n o it a c u d e d n a , s y a s s
e Anna
a n i n e r a
K andWa randPeace .Hadj iMuradi salsooneo fTolstoy’ swork .s
n i o j o s l a y o t s l o
T e d the wa.r He joined in C irmean and Caucasu swars .
e h t n i g n it a p i c it r a p t n a n e t u e il y m r a n a , y a l o k i N r e h t o r b r e d l o s i h d e n i o j y o t s l o T
y o t s l o T . n g i a p m a c n a i s a c u a
C came in Caucasu sa tthe age o ftwenty three .He
e y o w t r o f d e v r e s e h e r e h T . r e e t n u l o v a s a r a w e h t d e n i o
j ar sa sacade tand ifnally
. 1 5 8 1 r e b m e c e D n i s il fi T n i d a r u M i j d a H t e m y o t s l o T . r e c if f o n a e m a c e b e h
. a y n a s g n a b i g a b t o ir t a p h a l a d a i o t s l o T a w h a b n a k i s g n a s i d t a p a d k a d i T
3 5 8 1 ( m ir K g n a r e p m a l a d n u jr e t h a n r e p a l e r a k u s a r a c e s a i a w h a b t a g n
I
-r u T n a w a l e m ) 6 5 8
1 k i yang dibantu oleh Ingg irs , Perancis , dan a
y n a y r a k i d a l e v o n a g u j t a g n i … a i n i d ri
S Viona Imir (Perang dan Dama)i , a r a t n e t n a u b r e s s i k g n a n e m m a l a d a i s u R t a y k a r n a g n a n e m e k n a k i w a r e m
5 0 8 1 ( n o e l o p a
N -1814 .)( KoesalahS .Toer ;page5)
a h t d e t b u o d e b t o n n a c t I
“ tTolstoy wa sa patiroitc man fo rhi s 3
5 8 1 ( r a w m ir K o t t n e w y li r a t n u l o v e h t a h t r e b m e m e R . n o it a
n -1856)t ha t
y e k r u T t s n i a g a h s it ir B e h t d e t s i s s
a ,France and Sardinia...Remembe rthe (
n ri m I a n i o V e c e i p r e t s a
m Wa randPeace,)t ha ttoldabou tpeopl 'e svictory (
n o e l o p a N f o n o i s a v n i y r a ti li m n a i s s u R f f o g n i d n e f n
i 1805-1814) .
, 5 e g a p ; r e o T . S h a l a s e o K
s i h n I . y o t s l o T e b ir c s e d o t t n e m e t a t s a e v a g n o it c u d o rt n i s i h n i r e o T . S h a l a s e o K
y o t s l o T w e i v f o t n i o
p wa sa patiroitc man fo rhi snaiton .Remembe rtha the
3 5 8 1 ( r a w m ir K o t t n e w y li r a t n u l o
v -1856)t ha tassistedt heB iritshagains tTurkey ,
r e b m e m e R .. . a i n i d r a S d n a e c n a r
F themasterpieceVoina Imrin (Wa rand Peace) ,
t a h
t told abou t peopl 'e svictory in fending of f Russian mlitiary invasion o f
n o e l o p a
N .
A tfert heCirmean War( 1854-55) ,hebuli tand organizedove r20 school s
d n a e c n a ll i e v r u s n a g e b e c il o p t e r c e s e h t e m it t a h t t A . a i s s u R n i e l p o e p r o o p r o f
sought hi shome .In 1862 ,he marired So ifa Andreevna Bers ,and fathered 13
e h t d e s i a r e l p u o c e h t d n a , d e i d s e i b a b r i e h t f o r u o F . e fi w s i h h ti w n e r d li h c
o s l a d n a , y r a t e r c e s y r a r e ti l s i h o s l a s a w e fi w s i H . n e r d li h c e n i n g n i n i a m e r
, s k r o w t s e b s i h o t d e t u b ir t n o
c "Wa rand Peace"(1863-69 )and "Anna Karenina"
3 7 8 1
( -77) . In "Confes ison" (1879 ) Tolstoy revealed hi s own version o f
. s r e w o ll o f y n a m m i h n o w t a h t m s il a i c o s h ti w d e d n e l b , y ti n a it s ir h C
o t e c it s u j l a i c o s r o f g n il l a c , r a s T e h t o t r e tt e l a e t o r w y o t s l o T 2 0 9 1 n I
o s s u R e h t g n ir u d , 4 0 9 1 n i d n a , r a w l i v i c a t n e v e r
p -JapaneseWar ,Tolstoywrotea
n o e c n a ll i e v r u s e c il o p g n i s a e r c n i y b d e il p e r r a s T e h T . r a w f o n o it a n m e d n o c
a f o h t a p e h t g n i k a t y l b a b o r p , e t a t s e s i h t f e l e h 0 1 9 1 f o r e b m e v o N n I . y o t s l o T
w e m o h t f e l e H . s e d a c e d r o f g n i u s r u p n e e b d a h e h h c i h w , c it e c s a g n ir e d n a
w tihou t
, n i a rt a k o o t d n a s n o it a n a l p x
e anddiedatt her emotestaitono fAstopovobecause
a i n o m u n p f
o .Hewa sburireda thi sestate.
e r u t a r e ti l f o s k r o w s ’ y o t s l o T f o e n
O w sa Hadj iMurad .The story t do l
, a y n h c e h C d n a a i s s u R n e e w t e b t c il f n o c e h t t u o b
t s i n o g a t o r
p character .Tolstoy wrotet hebook atfe rhej oined a war i n Caucasu ,s
Chechnya in 1851 .Tolstoy wrote Hadj iMurad between 1896–1904 bu ti twa s
. k r o w l a n if s ’ y o t s l o T s a w t I . 2 1 9 1 n i y l s u o m u h t s o p d e h s il b u p
b g n i h t o n e n o d e v a h I
“ u tcopy ou tHadj iMurad’ ,countes sTolstoy wrote ”
h t a e d s d n a b s u h r e h e r o f e b r a e y a , 9 0 9 1 n i l a n r u o j r e h n
i (Tolstoy:2003:8 )
d a r u M i j d a
H wa sa rtue story ,and the character swere actua lpersons ,
fl e s m i h d a r u M d n a , ) a i s s u R f o r a s T ( s a l o k i N , li m a h S g n i d u l c n
i .Du irng the
y r u t n e c h t n e e t e n i
n ,Russia wa sa big counrty tha tcolonized some count ire sin
. a i s A d n a e p o r u
E Thi snovelt old tha tRussiacolonized Caucasus ,apar to fAsia .
t u o b a d l o t y l n o m m o c s k r o w e r u t a r e ti l e h t , d n u o r g k c a b l a i c o s a s a r a w e h t h ti W
e u s s
i relatedt o war ,such a snaitonailsm ,pat iroitsm ,ort hewa r tisefl .By w iritng
d a r u M i j d a
H ,Tolstoywantedt os howhisi deologyi nwa.r
t n a n g u p e r w o h l e e f s u s e k a m y o t s l o T ‘ d i a s e d u a M r e m l y
A to him were
fl e s d n a s s e n h s if l e s s ti h ti w " , d e s il i v i c " l l a c e w e fi l e h t f o s y a w y r a m o t s u c e h
t
-’ e c n e g l u d n
i (Tolstoy :2003 :17) .Hadj iMurad impilcilty showe d how Russian
y ti r o h t u
a a dcte topeoplei nChechnyaandpeople ilvedi nt hemountains .
d a r u M i j d a
H , Tolstoy’ snove l rtanslated by Koesalah Soebagyo Toer ,
:l e v o n e h t f o e c a f e r p e h t n i e t o r w
m a l a
d Hadj iMurat ia jusrtu mengetengahkan tokoh Haj i Murat dar i a d a r e b u ti u t k a w g n a y a i s u R n a w a l e m , n a a k e d r e m e k a t n i c g n a y a y n h c e h C
) 5 e g a p ; r e o T . S h a l a s e o K ( .I i a l o k i N r a s T n a a s a u k e k h a w a b i d
m o d e e r f s e v o l o h w n e h c e h C m o r f d a r u M i j d a H d e r o l p x e s a w e
h ,agains t
” I i a l o k i N r a s T f o e l u r e h t r e d n u t a h t s n a i s s u R e h
t (KoesalahS .Toer ;page .)
t a h t d a r u M f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c a s a w m o d e e r f s e v o l o h w n o s r e p a d n a t o ir t a p A
t n a w r e o T . S h a l a s e o
K e d to show i n hisi nrtoduciton o fHaj iMurad (Indonesian
.) n o i s r e
v Whlieatt ha titme ,Chechnyawa sunde rattackedbyRussia.
y n a d n o y e b s e o g t a h t y ti l a u q a , y t a h p m e s i d a r u M i j d a H o t y e k e h t “
) 2 1 : 3 0 0 2 : y o t s l o T ( ” ,s e ir a d n u o b l a r u tl u c r o , l a i c o s ,l a c it il o p
t n a w r e h c r a e s e r e h t ,t x e t n o c t a h t n o d e s a
B e d to analyzewha tkind of j usitceand
y ti n a m u
h ,the researche rthough tthat Tolstoy wanted to share wtih the reader s
e h t h g u o r h
t Hadj iMuradnov e.l
o t d e lf d n a ) li m a h S ( r e d a e l s i h h ti w d e li t s o h o h w n e h c e h C a , d a r u M i j d a H
d a r u M . y t e f a s r o f a i s s u
R used a moderate way to solve hi sproblem ,wtihou t
e H . r a w a g n i k a
m came to Russia ,aske d fo rhelp ,and watie d there .Severa l
months l ater ,whlie attempitng t o rescuehi sfamliy from Shami’l sp irson ;Hadj i
e s o h t y b d e u s r u p s a w d a r u
M whomhebertayed ,a tfe r ifgh itng ,hedied .
t s e r e t n i e h
T i ng thing i n Murad’ s story was et h reilgiou sfervo ro fsefl
-e h t d n a n o it a g e n b
a wliilngness fo rsefl-sacirifcet o hi sbeloved .Throughou tthe
t n e s e r p e r d a r u M , l e v o
n e d a man who loved peace ,jusitce ,and humanism and
d n a l i m a h S n e e w t e b g n i d n a t S . y ti l a n o it a n n a h t t n a tr o p m i e r o m m e h t s r e d i s n o c
. r a w n o y g o l o e d i n w o s i h s a h d a r u M , s a l o k i N
e s o o h c r e h c r a e s e r e h
T d thi snove lbecausei twascontaine d thevalue so f
. m s i n a m u h d n a m s it o ir t a
p Aza rNaifsis aid;
“Tolstoyhad w irtten t ohisf irendGoldenweisert ha t"agood work o fatr , n
a
c in ti sentrietybeexpressedonlyby tisel.f"I nTolstoy' sbes t ifcitonand d
á r u M i j d a
H i samong t he best a ifcitona loccu rrence gains t he fee land .
e c n e ir e p x e l a e r f o e r u t x e
n
I Hadj iMurad, t hedescirpiton given wa sbased on t heactualstiuaiton .Tolstoy
d e w o h
s lo to fset git s n tha tmade t he reade rfel ta s fi t hey werei nside the story .
d n a y m r a n a i s s u R t e m d a r u M g n i u s r u p n e m e s r o h e h t n e h w s i s e l p m a x e e h t f o e n O
e b t h g i m t i t a h t y lr a e l c d e b ir c s e d s a w e n e c s e h T . g n it o o h s n i d e v l o v n i e r e w
e h t d e t c e f f a t i w o h d n a r a w f o e r u t a n e h t g n i d r a g e r s y a w s u o ir a v n i d e t e r p r e t n i
. e lt t a b e h t n i d e v l o v n i e l p o e p r o y m r a
d a r u M f o r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h t s a w y r o t s e h t t u o h g u o r h t g n i h t g n it s e r e t n i e h T
g n it s a rt n o c r e h t o o w t f o e l d d i m e h t n i g n i e b s a d e b ir c s e d s a
w characters ,Shami l
.) a i s s u R g n it n e s e r p e r ( s a l o k i N d n a ) a y n h c e h C g n it n e s e r p e r (
e h
T secondreasonwhyt heresearcherchoosed thi snoveli st heIndonesian
f o n o i s r e v n o it a l s n a
rt Hadj iMurad byKoesalahSoebagyoToe rwa sdesrtoyed by
. y ti r o h t u a n a i s e n o d n I e h t
, 8 6 9 1 n u h a t a i s e n o d n I a s a h a b e k n a k h a m e jr e t a y a s h a n r e p h a d u s i n i l e v o N
r i h k a n a h a ti d a y a s u t k a w r e ti li m h e l o a ti s i d u ti n a h a m e jr e t h a k s a n i p a t
) 5 : 9 0 0 2 : r e o T ( . g n a li h a y n ir i d n e s n a g n e d n a d , u ti n u h a t
o d n I a s a h a B o t n i l e v o n s i h t d e t a l s n a rt e v a h I , 8 6 9 1 n
I nesia ,bu ti twa s
e h T . r a e y e h t f o d n e e h t n i d e t s e r r a s a w I d n a y r a ti li m n a i s e n o d n I y b n e k a t
) n o it a l s n a rt r e h c r a e s e r e h T ( . d e r a e p p a s i d t s u j n e h t l e v o n d e t a l s n a rt
e s u a c e b y l b a b o r p d e t s e r r a s a w r o t a l s n a rt e h t d n a d e s s i m s i d s a w l e v o n e h
T tha t
s a
w conveyed in the book wa sconsidered to be offending to the prevaiilng
y ti r o h t u a s ’ o tr a h e o S f o r e d r o w e n e h t , e m i g e
r .
l a c ir o t s i
H and biographicalapproach wa sused i n t his t hesi sbecause t he
t n o d e s a b r o i v a h e b e h t d n a y t e i c o s e h t y d u t s o t s t n a w r e h c r a e s e
r he paralle l
n o n d n a y r a r e ti l f o g n i d a e
o s l a d n a a i s s u R d n a a y n h c e h C f o n o it i d n o c e h t t
a emphasizeon t he srtuggleo f
e s u r e h c r a e s e r e h t , d a r u M i j d a
H d the histo ircal and biographica lapproach to
l a n
a yze how the relaiton o fLeo Tolstoy’ sbackground t oward Hadj iMurad and
o s l
a the condiiton s o f the society and how the occurirng wa r affected the
. d a r u M i j d a H f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
a s a h a b n i y o t s l o T t u o b a n o i n i p o n a e v a g r e d a e r s ’ d a r u M i j d a H a , z n e ir i R
o d n
I nesia .She appreciated Tolstoy in Tolstoy’ sablitiy to mixing the fact so f
d n a y r o t s i
h hi simaginaiton into vivid ltierature language wtihou tdamaging o r
g n i g n a h
c theesessence ,also hecouldexploret hehumantiyand socia lside so fa
. y rt n u o c d n a y li m a f n e e w t e b s e c i o h c e h t y b d e c a f n e h w o r e h t a e r g
a t k a f u m a r e m y o t s l o
T -fakta sejarah dan imaijnasinya ke dalam bahasa u p m a m a I . a y n i s n e s s e h a b u r e m u a t a k a s u r e m a p n a t g n a l b m a g g n a y a rt s a s
r o l p s k e g n e
m sis ihumanismedansosiailmeseorangpahlawanbesa rkeitka g n a y a y n a r a g e n h a k u a t a a y n a g r a u l e k h a k a p a n a h il i p a d a p n a k p a d a h i d
(. g n it n e p h i b e
l http://www.goodread .scom) y
o t s l o
T w as mixing the fact so fhistory and hi simaginaiton into vivid a
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l ge wtihou tdamaging o rchanging the esessence. Hew sa d e c a f n e h w o r e h t a e r g a f o s e d i s l a i c o s d n a y ti n a m u h e h t e r o l p x e o t e l b a
. y rt n u o c d n a y li m a f n e e w t e b s e c i o h c e h t y
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y o t s l o T t a h t d i a s e h s n e h w s a w e s n o p s e r t s ri f e h T . s t e g r e h c r a e s e r e h t t a h t s e s u c o f
s i h h ti w m e h t g n i x i m d n a s d r o w s l a n i g ir o s i h g n i k a m t a d o o g y r e v s a w
it a u ti s a d e b ir c s e d o s l a y o t s l o T . n o it a n i g a m
i onwell .The movemen to fasoldier,
e h s , d n o c e s e h T . e s o l c y r e v e d a m e r e w a m a r d e h t d n a t n e m n o ri v n e e h t d n a
, r a
w Hadj iMurad t do l how agrea thero o fChechyawho l oved freedom ,agains t
.I i a l o k i N r a s T f o e l u r e h t r e d n u n e h t s a w o h w a i s s u R
, y o t s l o T d n a d a r u M i j d a H n o m s i c it ir c d n a s t n e m m o c e m o s g n i d a e r r e tf A
r e h c r a e s e r e h
t expectedthatt het hesi swli lcontirbuteadfiferen tpoin to fthatt here
r a w n a h t g n i h t t n a tr o p m i e r o m s a
w .
.
B ProblemFormula iton
: s w o ll o f s a d e t a l u m r o f e r a e z y l a n a o t s m e l b o r p o w T
.
1 Howi sthemaincharacter ( Hadj iMurad )characteirzedi nt henovel?
.
2 How doe sHadj iMurad relfec tTolstoy’ sideology related to the confilc to f
a y n h c e h
C ?
.
C Objecitve soft heStudy
a w e v it c e j b o t s ri f e h
T s to ifgure ou tthe main character’ s characteirsitc s
s r o i v a h e b d n
a . The resutl so fthe fris tobjecitve would bet he foundaiton for t he
. y d u t s e h t f o e v it c e j b o d n o c e
s A tfe r obtaining the foundaiton o f the frist
e v it c e j b
o s ,ther esearche rwli lanalyzed thesecondproblem .Thi ssecondproblem
s u c o
f e d on seeing Murad i deology o fwa rwhich relfected Tolstoy’si deology o f
. r a w
.
D De ifniitono fTerm
e n if e d o t s d e e n r e ti r w e h t , g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e tt e b a e v a h o t r e d r o n
I the
” n o it c e lf e r “ s m r e
n o it c e lf e R
o t g n i d r o c c
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. n o it a l p m e t n o c ; t h g u o h t s u o ir e s ; s t c e j b u s e m o s f o d n i m e h t f o g n i x if e h T
) 7 1 5 1 : 2 7 9 1 : r e b a B & t e s r o D (
e h t e s u a c e b n o it c e lf e r f o g n i n a e m e v if m o r f h tf if e h t s e s u r e h c r a e s e r e h T
. a e d i r e h c r a e s e r e h t d r a w o t n o it a n a l p x e f e ir b e v i g h tf if
y g o l o e d I
n i s i d ir c a M . C y o
R ContemporaryPoilitcalI deologiesstated themeaning
“ : s w o ll o f s a y g o l o e d i f
o Ideology ha sbeen deifned a s“a se to fclosely related
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a s e m o c e b t a h t s a e d i f o e c n e i c s e h t s n a e m y g o l o e d I . ) 2 : 2 9 9 1 : s i d ir c a M (
.t p e c n o c a f o n o it a d n u o f
s t e d o l o M
t g n i d r o c c a s t e d o l o
M oDonnaTursingOrwininAnnivesaryEssay on Tolstoy
s n a e m :
t c a rt s b a s ti h ti w o v t s e h c e d o l o m d r o w e h T . ti ri p s d n a y d o b n i e n if h t u o y a
, e b d l u o h s t i o s , h t u o y a h c u s f o e c n e s s e e h t s e t a c i d n i ’ o v t s ‘ x if f u
s and
. e v it i s o p , s i y ll a t n e m a d n u
f Atlhough t heconcepti sappiled qutief requen ltyi n f o s e o r e h e h t : r a w h ti w d e t a i c o s s a s i t i y rt e o p k l o f n i , t x e t n o c r e d a o r b a
p e e h t h ti w y ll a u s u , y s t d o l o m d e ll a c e r a y rt e o p k l o f c i p e n a i s s u
R tihe t“ ifne”
. d e h c a tt a ) e y r b o d
( A frequen tsynonym fo r the word i sudalets ,another t o n h g u o h t , n e tf o , ll i k s d n a e g a r u o c o t s r e f e r t a h t e t a l s n a rt o t d r o w t l u c if fi d
t s if i c a P
e h t o t g n i d r o c c
A Webste rDeluxe Unabridged Dicitonary ;“Paciifs ti sa person
( ” e c r o f f o e s u e h t r o r a w o t d e s o p p o e n o ; m s if i c a p s e t a c o v d a o h
w Dorset :1972 :
: s n a e m f l e s ti m s if i c a P . ) 3 8 2 1
r o n o it a n t a h t f e il e b ; y ti li t s o h d e m r a d n a r a w l l a o t n o it i s o p p O
a r s n a e m l u f e c a e p y b d e lt t e s e b d l u o h s s e t u p s i d l a n o it a n r e t n
i ther t han by
( .r a w r o e c r o
1 1
I I R E T P A H C
S W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
.
A Review sof RelatedStudies
e r a e r e h
T only af ewr esearcher swho haveworked ont hi snove lwtiht he
c i s n ir t n i e m a s e h t n o e t a rt n e c n o c y e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i d e y o l p m e e s r u o c s i d r a li m i s
n o g n i k r o w s i h c r a e s e r s i h t t a h t t n e m e l
e .Theyarethemaincharacter (Murad) and
w o
h Muradi sdescirbedbyTolstoy.
s i e r e h t t s e b e h t s i d a r u M i j d a H
“ in hi suniverse-whethe rCaucasian o r n
a i s s u
R -a t every att irbute tha t matters : dairng , horsemanship , r o c i p e r o o r e h r e h t o o N . y ti l a e r f o n o i s i v , p i h s r e d a e l , s s e n l u f e c r u o s e r
s A . e l b a k il e k il y lr a e n r o , m i h o t l a u q e e ti u q s i , n r e d o m r o t n e i c n a , a g a s
M i j d a
H urad dies ,he i spurged o fp tiy ,anger ,and desrie .And so i s h t a e d a e n i g a m i d l u o c , s r e ti r w l l a f o , y o t s l o T t a h T . e w e r a o s d n A . y o t s l o T
n a s i h t a e d f o d a e r d n w o s i h e k il n u o s d n a e t a ir p o r p p a o s e c n o t a
n g i d c it e h t s e a r o f h p m u ir t g n ir u s s a e r d n a d e t c e p x e n
u tiy.” (Bloom :
9 9
1 4:349)
, n o it a tr e s s i d 4 9 9 1 s i h n i , m o o l B d l o r a
H The Western Canon, stated tha tMurad
w o h s t a h t s c it s ir e t c a r a h c f o t o l a s a
h e d hi sskli landcourage ,andalsohi sbravery
h c i h w h t a e d e c a f o
t wa so tfensaida s“visionofr ealtiy” .Oneoft hischaracteirsitc
d n a y g o l o e d i s t e d o l o m e h t s
i thisi sa elsot h youngTolstoy’si deology.
f o r o t a l s n a rt e h t , r e o T o y g a b e o S h a l a s e o
K Hadj i Murad into Bahasa
n o it n e m , a i s e n o d n
I e dabou tTolstoy’ spaci ifsti deology r e lfectedbyt hecharacter ,
. d a r u M
j d a H m a l a D
“ iMurad ia jusrtu mengetengahkan tokoh Hadj iMurad dar i .
k a d it e s , i o t s l o T i g a b , n a t a h il e k i n i s i r a
D -itdaknya dalam novel i n idan d i h a n a t a d a p i r a d g n it n e p h i b e l n a a i s u n a m e k n a d n a li d a e k , a y n t u j n a l a i s u
) 6 : 9 0 0 2 : r e o T ( ” .r i a
m o r f d a r u M i j d a H r e t c a r a h c e h t s t n e s e r p y l e s i c e r p e h d a r u M i j d a H n I “
. m o d e e r f s e v o l o h w a y n h c e h C
d n a e c it s u j ,s r a e y r e t a l s i h n i d n a l e v o n s i h t n i t s a e l t a , i o t s l o T r o f ,s m e e s tI
s ’ r e h c a e s e R e h T ( ” . y ti l a n o it a n n a h t t n a tr o p m i e r o m s i y ti n a m u h
) n o it a l s n a r T
v o b a a t a d e h t m o r f r e o
T e shown the simliartiy between the main characte rand
e c it s u j ,s r a e y r e t a l s i h n i s a w o h w y o t s l o T d n a m o d e e r f d e v o l o h w d a r u M . y o t s l o T
. y ti l a n o it a n n a h t t n a tr o p m i e r o m s a w y ti n a m u h d n a
s d n a t s r e d n u t u b r a w i t n a s i t s if i c a p f o a e d i e h
T the roleo fhuman being .
e v o l ,l e v o n e h t n i , d a r u M i j d a
H d freedom .HaroldBloomalsomenitone ; d
e r o M . y r e g a v a s t u o h ti w t n e t o p , s u o u g i b m a n u , e r u t a m s i d a r u M i j d a H
n i d n a t f a r c n i s u e s s y d O s l a u q e e h , s e ll i h c A n a h t l a ti v y l e m il b u s
9 9 1 : m o o l B ( . y c a m o l p i
d 4 :338)
d a r u M , w e i v f o t n i o p s i h n
I w as no t a ruthles s characte r “poten t wtihou t
o t g n i d r o c c a , ” y c a m o l p i D “ . n o it a u ti s r a w e h t n i s e v il e h , h g u o h tl a , ” y r e g a v a s
.r a w e h t n w o d h s u p o t n o it u l o s r o n o it p o r e h t o o s l a s a w , m i h
y r o t s e h t h g u o h tl
A w as terminated by t hedeath o fMurad, t heresearcher
t h g u o h
t tha tpoin to fview ,hadj iMurad w asa ifgurewho neve rgived up ,wised ,
e v a r
b d andheprefere f dto ound nw -i wins olu itonove rwa.r
g n u o y , d a r u M e k i L . r a w t u o b a a e d i n w o s i h s a h y o t s l o T g n u o y e h T
y o t s l o
T wa samolodets .Donna Tursing Orwin i n Anniversary Essayon Tolstoy
: s ll e t
e g a r u o c d n a , s i r a w t a h w w o n k y o t s l o T i a l o k i N e k il s r e i d l o s d e c n e ir e p x E “
o c ” , d i a R e h T “ n i v o p o l h K n i a t p a C f o e s a c e h t n i s a , m e h t r o
.l o o c r i e h t g n i p e e
k Hence in 1900 ,Tolstoy praised hi sbrothe rfo rhi s , 8 1 y r a u r b e F f o t n e m e g a g n e e h t g n ir u d ” d n i m f o e c n e s e r p g n i h s i n o t s a “
. g n u o y e h t f o s e s n e f e d d e n i g a m i e h t y a w a s w o l b r a W . 2 5 8 1
” h t a e d d n a , g n ir e f f u s , d o o l b “ s a r a w , y s t d o l o m r o f , d n a h r e h t o e h t n O
h t o t e g n e ll a h c e t a m it l u e h t s e s o
p ei rmanhood .Thi si sone reason why .)
3 8 : 0 1 0 2 : n i w r O ( .t i ” d e v o l “ y o t s l o T i a l o k i N
s ' y o t s l o T g n u o y a f o l a y a rt r o p e h t e r a e v o b a s t e d o l o m f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c c i s a b e h T
d n a e g a r u o C . r a w a g n i c a f n i r o ir r a w a f o e d u ti tt a e h t w o h d n a r a w t u o b a y g o l o e d i
i ll i k
s n wa raregood t o have .Thespiir tand t hebravery i n facing everything i n
. e l p i c n ir p l a t n e m a d n u f f o n i a m e h t e b d l u o h s e r a r a w
h c i h w , r a w t u o b a y g o l o e d i w e n s n w o e h , e fi l f o t n e m p o l e v e d s ’ y o t s l o T n I
t a h t r a w “ t a h t a e d i n a t h g u o r b d a r u M e li h W . t s if i c a p s
i wa snott hemaini deaand
e h t u b r a w e h t s e t a h y o t s l o T , ” m e l b o r p e h t e v l o s o t y a w r e h t o n a s y a w l a s ’ e r e h t
a r e ti l e v a g e h , e r o f e r e h T . e fi l n a m u h f o t r a p s i ti t a h t s d n a t s r e d n
u r y work which
it n a t u o b a n i a t n o
c -w a.r
s i s e r r a w s u o it n e i c s n o c f o e t a c o v d a , y o t s l o T
“ tance and autho r o fthe n i e l o r s ti d o o t s r e d n u t u b r a w d e t a h , s e m it n r e d o m n i n o it c if r a w t s e t a e r g
” . e fi l n a m u
h (Orwin :2010 :7 6)
t s if i c a p e h t t u o b a t n e m e t a t s s ’ y o t s l o T d n u o f o s l a r e h c r a e s e r e h t , e g a p e m a s e h t t A
. a e d i
” d i a R e h T “ , e n o t s ri f s i h f o t f a r d A
“ 1( 853) ,deifne swa ra s“murde,r” , d o o l b “ t i s ll a c ) 5 5 8 1 ( ” r e b m e c e D n i l o p o t s a v e S “ c it o ir t a p e h t e li h w
i v e d e m e e s r a W ” . h t a e d d n a , g n ir e f f u
s lt ohimf orr eilgiousr eason ,sandi n e s o h t l l a “ w o h s k s a e h ) 5 5 8 1 ( ” y a M n i l o p o t s a v e S “ f o r e t p a h c l a n if e h t
s ir h C
[ itans ]who profes sthe same grea tlaw o flove and sefl-sacir ifce” .)
6 7 : 0 1 0 2 : n i w r O ( ” .r e h t o e n o t h g if d l u o c
o t li v e s m e e s r a w " t a h t y g o l o e d i s ’ y o t s l o T s n i a l p x e y lr a e l c e v o b a y r o ti s o p x e e h T
r h C [ e s o h t ll a “ w o h s k s a e h d n a " m i
h isitans ]who professt hesamegreatl aw o f
fl e s d n a e v o
s m i a l c m o o l B d l o r a
H Hadj iMurad a s"my persona lTouchstone fo rthe
I t s e b e h t t s a e l t a r o , d lr o w e h t n i y r o t s t s e b e h t e m o t , n o it c if e s o r p f o e m il b u s
e r r e v e e v a
h ad."(Bloom :1994 :336 .) Bloompraisest ha tHadj iMurad ist hebes t
n i s t s i x e y ll a u t c a o h w r o ir r a w a t u o b a y r o t s e l p m i s a s i t I . d a e r r e v e e h k r o w
s i h t e d a m m o o l B d l o r a H . y o t s l o T y b y l g n it s e r e t n i y r e v d e k c a p s i d n a y ti l a e
r work
e h t f o t s o m d a e r r e tf A . e v o b a t n e m e t a t s s i h h g u o r h t e l p o e p y n a m y b r a l u p o p
n o n n a C n r e t s e
W o fBloom and found the statement ,the reade rstatred to read
d a r u M i j d a
H .
s e i r o e h T d e t a l e R f o s w e i v e R . B
n o it a z i r e t c a r a h C d n a r e t c a r a h C f o y r o e h T . 1
,s m a r b A . H .
M in hi sbook A Glossary o fLtierary Term s(1981 )deifned
: s a s r e t c a r a h c
o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r d a n i d e t n e s e r p s n o s r e p e h t e r a s r e t c a r a h C “
n o it i s o p s i d d n a l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a s r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a
w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u
q hat t hey say- the dialogue- and by wha t o
d y e h
t -theacitons”( Abrams :1981 :20) .
r e t c a r a h c , s u h
T wa soneo fmanywayst o analyzel tieraryworkst ha thave
s r e t c a r a h c e h T . d e y e v n o c e b o t e g a s s e
m were given a speciifc background and
c it s ir e t c a r a h c c if i c e p
s sfo rfacing a problem provided by t heauthor i n a l tierary
e s u y l n o m m o c s r e ti r w y r a r e ti L . k r o
w d characte’r sdialogues ,acts ,and everyday
y l n o m m o c s i t a h w g n i v i g r e tf A . d e t n a w r o h t u a e h t t a h t r e t c a r a h c a e t a e r c o t e s u
s e r e h t ,r e t c a r a h c a e b ir c s e d o t d e s
u hould besupporitng factorst o srtengthen t he
e r e h t , o S . fl e s ti r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e g a m
i wa scondiiton o rsetitngoft heplace ,itme ,
. k r o w y r a r e ti
l tI w do eul b asrtong conitnu tiy r elaitonships between t hecharacte r
. n o it i d n o c e h t d n a
y r o e h t r e t c a r a h
C wa so tfen used by researcher sto see author’ spoin to f
s r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o h g u o h T . r e d a e r e h t e z it o n p y h o t d n a k r o w y r a r e ti l n i w e i
v w ere
d o o g a e v a h r o , g n o rt s , d a s e b o t e d a
m habti .I tcould no tbedoubtedt ha taf ris t
d a e r o h w , s r e h c r a e s e R r o r e d a e
r s workofl tierature ,wo uld seehowt hecharacte r
a
w sbuitl .Thecharacte rwa sbasically a ilving creaturei n which t hey co uld have
t a h t h g u o h tl a g n il e e
f wa sonly an elementary i n l tierarywork. I tcan beclosert o
s i e s a c s i h t n I . y r o t s e u rt a n o d e s a b s i k r o w y r a r e ti l a f i y ti l a e
r Hadj iMurad who
.r e h c r a e s e r e h t y b d e z y l a n a s i
e w s A . s tr a p o w t o t n i d e d i v i d y l n o m m o c s i e g a s u c i s a b , k r o w y r a r e ti l a n I
t s i n o g a t o r p e h t e r a e r e h t , w o n
k andantagonis tcharacters .WJ. .Harveyi nhi sbook
l e v o N e h t d n a r e t c a r a h
C ,make sdetali so fcharacter .He make sthree type so f
c e w e c n e i n e v n o c r o f , s s e l e h tr e v e N “ s r e t c a r a h
c o uld group mos tcharacter sinto
r p e r a e s o h T . ) 6 5 : 5 6 9 1 : y e v r a H ( ” s e ir o g e t a c e e r h
t otagonist , background
. t n e t n o c l a i c o s d n a , s r e t c a r a h c
s i s i h T . r e d a e r e h t y b d e r e d i s n o c e b t s u m r e t c a r a h c t s i n o g a t o r p e h T
. e n il y r o t s e h t n i e l o r t n a tr o p m i n a s a h f l e s ti r e t c a r a h c t s i n o g a t o r p e h t , e s u a c e b
r a y r o t s i h d n a n o it a v it o m e s o h w s r e t c a r a h c e s o h T
“ emostf ullyestabilshed , r u o e g a g n e o h w , s e s s e r g o r p y r o t s e h t s a e g n a h c d n a t c il f n o c o h w
t o n h g u o h t x e l p m o c e r o m y a w a n i , y li d a e t s d n a y ll u f e r o m s e s n o p s e r
) 6 5 : 5 6 9 1 : y e v r a H ( ” .s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a h t d i v i v e r o m y li r a s s e c e n
s r e d a e r e h t o s r o h t u a e h t y b y l p e e d d e n i a l p x e e b t s u m r e t c a r a h c t s i n o g a t o r p e h T
c t I . r o h t u a e h t m o r f e v it c e p s r e p r a e l c a n i a g n a
c ould no tbe doubted also fit he
c e W . y r o t s a f o s u c o f e h t s i r e t c a r a h c t s i n o g a t o r
n a c e w , r e t c a r a h c t s i n o g a t o r p e h t e n if e d o t y rt e w f I . y r o t s a f o y a w e h t e z y l a n a o t
f o e l p m a x e e h t e k a
t Hadj iMurad .In thi snovel ,we can see the protagonis t
e b l li w t a h t r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e m a n e h t s w o h s e lt it s ’l e v o N . e lt it s ’t i m o r f r e t c a r a h c
t n i d l o
t henovel .
, r o s r e t c a r a h c d n u o r g k c a b e r a s r e t c a r a h c g n it r o p p u s e h t , e r o f e b d e t o n s A
s ’ r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t t r o p p u s t a h t s r e t c a r a h c e h t e r a , a e d i e l p m i s e h t r o f
s i t a h t r e t c a r a h c g n it r o p p u s a s i r e t c a r a h c d n u o r g k c a b A . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
r o h t u a e h t y b d e t n e s e r
p to accompany t heprotagonis tcharacters i n ‘hisj ourney ’
. y r o t s e h t n i
d n a y ti s n e t n i f o t n e m o m a d e w o ll a e b , d i a s e v a h I , y a m e s e h T “
r e h t a r s e c i o v , s u o m y n o n a y l e ri t n e t s o m l a e b y a m y e h t y ll a u q e t u b , h t p e d
b y a m y e h t y l g n i S . s r e t c a r a h c d e z il a u d i v i d n i n a h
t e merely usefu lcogs i n a s a s e v l e s m e h t h s il b a t s e y a m y e h t y l e v it c e ll o c t o l p e h t f o m s i n a h c e m e h t
.) 6 5 : 5 6 9 1 : y e v r a H ( ” . n o it c a n i a m e h t o t s u r o h c
n
I Hadj iMurad background character sappea rvery clea lry .They can appea ra s
s s u R e h t r o d a r u M f o d n e ir f e h
t ian people t hat i n lfuence t hestoryilne tisefl .Fo r
e h t d n a , a m o h a M n a h K d n a r a g d E e r a o h w d ir u m s ’ d a r u M r o l i m a h S , e l p m a x e
. c t e , a n v e li s a V y r a M , r e lt u B , v e e d v A , v o t s n o r o V , s a l o k i N e r a o h w n a i s s u R
n o it a m r o f n i e lt ti l y r e v s a h k r o w a n i r e t c a r a h c d n u o r g k c a
B aboutt hei rcharacter .
t o n t u b . c t e , e c n a r a e p p a l a c i s y h p , g n i h t o l c , r e d n e g e d i v o r p y l n o s r o h t u a y r a r e ti L
o t d e s u s i fl e s ti g n it t e s l a i c o s e h T . r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t s a l i a t e d s a m e h t e b ir c s e d
o e s a b p i h s n o it a l e r r e t c a r a h c e h t d n a t n e t n o c l a i c o s e h t d n a t s r e d n
u n thesetitng .
e li h w d n a , s t x e t n o c n a m u h l l a f o t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h t f o e n o s i g n it t e s l a i c o s s i h T “
” s i s y l a n a d n a n o it p ir c s e d t c e ri d f o y a w y b l a e d t a e r g a o d n a c t s il e v o n e h t
. ) 6 5 : 5 6 9 1 : y e v r a H
a m a r
d sandnovel shavedynamiccharacter sa sprotagonist .Shor tsto ire saremore
c i m a n y d n i s e g n a h c w o h s o t n a h t n o it c a h g u o r h t s r e t c a r a h c s c it a t s l a e v e r o t y l e k il
) 3 8 : 6 8 9 1 : n a m l o H (. ’ s n o it c a m o r f g n it l u s e r s r e t c a r a h c
e h t s a r e t s r o F . M . E s e s u o s l a r e h c r a e s e r e h
T basicr eferencet oanalyzet he
. M . E , s r e t c a r a h c c i m a n y d d n a c it a t s t u o b a e v o b a d i a s n a m l o H s A . s r e t c a r a h c
k o o b s i h n i r e t s r o
F Aspect sof t he Novel (1974 )divide scharacters i nto t wo ; lfa t
s r e t c a r a h c t a l F . s r e t c a r a h c t a lf s i t s ri f e h T . s r e t c a r a h c d n u o r d n
a areonlydesc irbed
n i s r e d a e r e h t o t d e w o h s s i s r e t c a r a h c f o d n i k s i h t t a h t s n a e m t I . y ti l a u q t n a t s n o c n i
e h t m o r f d e p o l e v e d t o n e r a s e it il a u q r i e h T . s r e t c a r a h c r i e h t f o s e it il a u q d e g n a h c n u
h t , d n a h e h t n O . y r o t s e h t f o t r a p g n i d n e e h t l it n u t r a p g n i n n i g e
b ere i sa round
s i h T . r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s s e n ll u f e h t t u o b a s w o h s e r e h ’ d n u o r ‘ m r e t e h T . r e t c a r a h c
r e t c a r a h c s i h T . w e i v f o t n i o p r e h t o o t w e i v f o t n i o p a t fi h s n a c r e t c a r a h c f o d n i k
. d n i m s i h p u e k a m o t y ti li b a e h t s a h t i t a h t o s n w o s ti f o t c il f n o c e v a h n a
c I tmean s
. p o l e v e d n a c s e it il a u q s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h t
s r e d a e r e h t e s ir p r u s o t y ti li b a e v a h s r e t c a r a h c d n u o r t a h t s e ti r w o s l a r e t s r o F
m o r f p o l e v e d s r e t c a r a h c d n u o r ,t r o h s n I .s r o i v a h e b r i e h t e g n a h c n a c y e h t e s u a c e b
n a m l o H h g u H . C . y r o t s e h t f o g n i n n i g e b e h
t and Wliilam Harmon, i nt hei rbook ,
e r u t a r e ti L o t k o o b d n a H
A (Holman : 1986 : 83) , wrtie thi s speciifcaiton o f
e h t s i y l d n o c e s d n a s r e t c a r a h c c it a t s e h t s i t s ri f e h T . s m r e t t n e r e f fi d n i s r e t c a r a h c
f y ti l a u q e m a s e h t e t a t s s r e t c a r a h c c it a t S . s r e t c a r a h c c i m a n y
d rom the beginning
r e h t o e h t n O . r e t c a r a h c t a lf e h t o t n o it a c if i c e p s e m a s e h t s a h s i h T . y r o t s e h t f o t r a p
s e c n a t s m u c ri c d n a n o it a u ti s e h t s a e g n a h c o t t n e t s r e t c a r a h c c i m a n y d e h t , d n a h
o e h t e h
T ryo fcharacteirzaitont hatt her esearche rusei sf rom M. JMurphy
k o o
b Understanding Unseens :An Introduciton to Engilsh Poetry and the Engilsh
l e v o
N .There are nine way sfo r descirbing the character s according to MJ. .
1 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( y h p r u
M -173) .The nine ways wli lbe in the paragraph sbelow .The
r e ti r w e h t y a w s i h t n I . n o it p ir c s e d l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i z y l a n a y b s i t s ri f
e k il e c n a r a e p p a l a c i s y h p s i h m o r f r e t c a r a h c a g n i e e s y b r e t c a r a h c e h t s e z ir e t c a r a h c
o r i a h s i h , s e y e s i h , n i k s s i h , e c a f s i h , d li u b s i
h rhi sclothes .
r o w e i v f o t n i o p s ’ r e t c a r a h c r e h t o m o r f g n i z y l a n a y b s i d n o c e s e h T
r e h t o n a h g u o r h t d e z y l a n a e b n a c r e t c a r a h c A . r e h t o n a y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h c
o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t t a h t r e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e d o t s n o i n i p o d n a t h g i s s ’ r e t c a r a h c
. e s o p x e
ri h t e h
T d i s a characte r can be characte irzed by character’ s speech .
e h t o t n o it n e tt a g n i y a p y b r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a n o i n i p o n a p o l e v e d n a c s r e d a e R
e h t h c i h w n i n o it a s r e v n o c e h t e e s o s l a n a c r e d a e r e h T . h c e e p s s ’ r e t c a r a h c
i g e h s r o e h y a w e h t ; d e v l o v n i s i r e t c a r a h
c ve shi so rhe ropinion may also show
. r e t c a r a h c e h t f o y ti l a n o s r e p e h t
e r a s r e d a e r e h t ; e fi l t s a p ’ s r e t c a r a h c e h t g n ir e d i s n o c y b s i h tr u o f e h T
t s a p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a w o n k t e g o t s e u l c t n a tr o p m i e m o s t u o b a d e m r o f n i
t y b d e b ir c s e d e b n a c t I . s e c n e ir e p x
e he autho ’r sd riec tcomment ,through the
m u i d e m e h t h g u o r h t r o , n o it a s r e v n o c s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t h g u o r h t ,s t h g u o h t s ’ r e t c a r a h c
r e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o c m o r f d e z y l a n a e b d l u o c r e t c a r a h c a , h tf if e h T
a r a h c a w o n k o t t e g n a c s r e d a e r e h t ; s r e t c a r a h
c ctert hrough t heconversaiton so f
. m i h t u o b a y a s y e h t s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o
d n a s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s n o it c a e r s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i v i e c r e p y b , h t x i S e h T
e h t s e v i g y c n e d n e t s i h t d n a , y c n e d n e t s ’ r e t c a r a h c s i h s w o h s r o h t u a n a , s t n e v e
u o b a e u l c a s r e d a e
r tt hecharacter’ spersonaltiy.
d n a t n e m m o c t c e ri d s ’ r o h t u a e h t y b d e z ir e t c a r a h c e b n a c r e t c a r a h c a , y l h t n e v e S
o t d e s u r o h t u a e h t m u i d e m o n s i e r e h t y a w s i h t n I . r e t c a r a h c e h t n o n o it p ir c s e d
r a h c e h t s e b ir c s e d y lt c e ri d r o h t u a e h T . r e t c a r a h c e h t e z ir e t c a r a h
c acte rand also
.r e t c a r a h c e h t n o t n e m m o c s e v i g
e h t e z ir e t c a r a h c o t d e s u e b n a c r e t c a r a h c e h t f o t h g u o h t e h t , h t h g i E e h T
s r e d a e r e h t g n it t e l y b y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t s w o h s r o h t u a e h T . r e t c a r a h c
e v o n a n i r e t c a r a h c e h t f o t h g u o h t t s e p e e d e h t d n a t s r e d n
u .l
g n i b ir c s e d y b r e t c a r a h c e h t s e z ir e t c a r a h c r o h t u a e h t s i t s a l e h t r o h t n i N e h T
e h t s w o h s r o h t u a e h T . s e i s a r c n y s o i d i r o , s ti b a h , s m s ir e n n a m s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t
t a h t o s ,s ti b a h d n a s e r u t s e g s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t g n it a t s y b r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s e it il a n o s r e p
p l e h n a c t
i ther eadert oge tclosert ot hecharacte rpersonailite .s
t a h t s y a w h t x i s d n a , h tf if , h tr u o f ,t s ri f e h t s e s u e s a c s i h t n i r e h c r a e s e r e h T
r u o f e h t e s u a c e b e n i n f o t u o s y a w r u o f s e s o o h c r e h c r a e s e r e h T . e r o f e b d e n i a l p x e s i
s ri f e h T . g n it r o p p u s y r e v e r a s d o h t e
m tway i s by analyzing the character’ s
s i h T . r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e c n a r a e p p a e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t d e s u s i tI . n o it p ir c s e d l a n o s r e p
l a u d i v i d n i e h t g n i e e s y b n o s r e p e l g n i s e h t f o a e d i n a w o n k o t c i s a b e h t s i y a w
. e c n a r a e p p a e h t m o r f d e b ir c s e d s i t a h t l i a t e
k n i h t r e t c a r a h c r o j a m f o y a w e h t w o n k o t d e s u s i t i ; e fi l t s a p ’ s r e t c a r a h c
. d n u o r g k c a b t s a p e h t y b d e c n e u lf n
i Fitfh , a characte r i s analyzed from
s i t I . y a w h tr u o f e h t d n a t s ri f e h t t r o p p u s o t s i y a w s i h t ; s r e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o c
s
u ed to make the researche r understand deeper . Sixth i s by perceiving the
o t y a w t s a l e h t s i s i h t , s t n e v e d n a s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s n o it c a e r s ’ r e t c a r a h c
r o t n e v e e h t o t s t c a e r r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h w o n k o t d e s u s i t I . l e v o n e h t e z y l a n a
p e h t w o n k d n a , n o it a u ti
s ersonaltiyoft hecharacte rbys eeingt het endency.
.
1 Tolstoy’ sBiography
m a f a s a w y o t s l o T h c i v e y a l o k i N ) o e L ( v e L t n u o
C ou swrtieri n hi serat li l
. ) e d a l G t h g ir b ( a n a y l o P a y a n s a Y t a , 8 2 8 1 , 8 2 t s u g u A n i n r o b s a w e H . w o n
. s s a l c l a i c o s d e t a v e l e s i h f o l a c i p y t d o o h d li h c d e g e li v ir p a d e y o j n e d i k y o t s l o T
u l c n i e r u t a r e ti l r o f s s e n d n o f s a l l e w s a s e g a u g n a l r o f t fi g a d e w o h s e h n e h
T ding
y r o t s t n e m a t s e t d l o e h t y ll a i c e p s e , e l b i B e h t d n
