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SPEECH FUNCTIONS USED AMONG SELLERS AND

PURCHASERS IN THE PADANGSIDIMPUAN

TRADITIONAL MARKET

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

ABDUL RAHMAN SIAGIAN

Registration Number: 8106111001

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

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SPEECH FUNCTIONS USED AMONG SELLERS AND

PURCHASERS IN THE PADANGSIDIMPUAN

TRADITIONAL MARKET

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

ABDUL RAHMAN SIAGIAN

Registration Number: 8106111001

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

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ABSTRACT

Abdul Rahman Siagian, Speech Function Used Among Sellers and Purchasers In The Padangsidimpuan Traditional Market. Thesis: English Applied Linguistics Study Program. State University of Medan 2012.

This study deals with the analysis of Speech Function among used sellers and purchasers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional market. The objectives are to find types of speech functions used by seller and purchaser in the Padangsidimpuan traditional market, the dominant types of speech functions used by sellers and purchasers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional market, and the reason why speech functions are realized by seller and purchaser in the Padangsidimpuan traditional market the way they are. The research was conducted based on the qualitative

Sangkumpal Bonang, Pasar tradisional Utcok kodok, Pasar Tradisional Sadabuan, Pasar Tradisional Padangmatinggi.The analyzed the data were taken

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ABSTRACT

Abdul Rahman Siagian, Speech Function Used Among Sellers and Purchasers In The Padangsidimpuan Traditional Market. Thesis: English Applied Linguistics Study Program. State University of Medan 2012.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, the writer would like to express his greatest gratitude

to Allah SWT, the Almighty that has given him the ability, health, and safety to

finish this thesis completely.

In completing this thesis, the writer would like to express his biggest debt

is therefore to some persons. They are:

First, the writer would like to record his gratefully acknowledge to Prof.

Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd as the Head of English Applied Linguistics, Dr Anni

Holila Pulungan M.Hum as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics in

UNIMED and as the first advisor of the writer who has kindly assisted him in

guiding, direction, revising and correcting the systematic or the concept of this

thesis and also the writer would like to record his gratefully acknowledge to Prof

Dr. Lince Sihombing M.Pd, Prof. Amrin Saragih, Ph.D., M.A, as the second

advisor of the writer who has also kindly assisted him in guiding, direction,

revising and correcting the systematic or the concept of this thesis May Allah

bless them.

Second, the writer also would like to express his gratitude expression to

the riviewers and examiners in examinations; Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd,

Prof, Dr. Sumarsih,M.Pd, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A right from Proposal Seminar

up to Green Table Examination. God bless them.

Third, the writer also would like to thank to all lecturers and tutors,

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valuable knowledge during the study in English Applied Linguistics of

Postgraduate School in the State University of Medan (UNIMED).

Fourth, the writer also would like to express his thanks to Sellers in pasar

tradisional padangsidimpuan and Kepala Dinas Pasar padangsidimpuan for their

helping and support and to provide the time and the chance during conducting this

study.

Fifth, to his beloved parents; Samaruddin Siagian (ALM) and Limbayung

Harahap (ALM) and his beloved sister and brother; Hotmasari Siagian, Muksin

Siagian S.Sos, Masrohaya Siagian Am.Kes for their supports and advices to him

until he finished this thesis.

Next, to his beloved wife Novalia Kasturi Pulungan S.Pd and his beloved

twin daughters Naylah Anzannah (Kakak) and Azizi Dien (Adek) boru Siagian for

their atmosphere, patience and support to let him continue his study until he

finished this thesis.

Finally, the writer has lost his wise words to pray to Allah SWT, to give

them proper reward. Amin.

Medan, December 27th , 2012

The Writer,

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1. Speech Functions ... 27

2. Type of Speech Functions ... 28

3. Elaboration of Speech Functions in Mood ... 34

4. Speech Roles and Commodities in Interaction ... 36

5. Speech Functions and Responses ... 38

6. Speech Function and Typical Mood of Clause ... 39

7. Speech Functions and Typical Clause and Non-Typical Clause of Mood.. ... 40

8. Proportion of Speech Function by the sellers ... 75

9. Proportion of Speech Function by the purchasers ... 76

10. Proportion of Mood sellers and Purchaser ... 77

11. Proportion of Speech Function by the sellers ... 78

12. Proportion of Speech Function by the Purchaser ... 79

13. Proportion of Mood sellers and Purchasers ... 80

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1. The Derivation of Speech Functions ... 29

2. Code of Speech Function ... 33

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusion

The interpersonal language refers to language used to enable one to

participate in communicative acts with another, to take on roles and to express

and understand feelings, attitudes, judgments and to exchange their experience

each other. This interpersonal function pours out through the elements participated

in the interaction. Based on the finding as presented in previous chapter,

conclusion are drawn as the following

(1) At the lexicogrammar level the four speech functions are realized coded as

Statement, Question, Offer and Command. The types of speech function

used by sellers in the less lasting product dominantly are statement (giving

information the product to by purchasers) and the purchasers used

command (demanding good & service about the quality of products and

prices) but the different with the long lasting product the sellers used

dominantly statement and purchasers is question. The four speech

functions used in the interaction of sellers with purchasers are coded into

the form of Moods : Declarative, Elliptical Declarative, Interrogative and

Imperative. The most dominant speech function used by sellers and

purchaser in less and long lasting goods product is declarative because

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(2) The speech function used by sellers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional

market dominantly is speakers and the purchasers is dominant hearer. The

proportions of speech functions used by sellers in less lasting product

commodity “kangkung, bawang, jeruk, salak and ikan tongkol were:

statement (25%) followed by command (17.5%), response offer to

command (17.5%), response to statement question (15%), question

(12.5%), aknowledge statement (10%), and aknowledge offer (2.5%). The

interaction of long lasting good commodity jeans, shoes, bags, shirts and

plash disk used by sellers of statement (26.15%) followed by question

(20%), response to statement question (15.38%), command (13.85%),

aknowledge statement (13.85%), response offer command (6.15%) and

offer (4.62%) and then the purchaser are question (25.58%) followed by

statement (23.65%), response to statement question (20.93%), command

(11.63%), aknowledge statement (6.98%), response offer command

(6.98%) and aknowledge offer (4.65%).

(3) Speech function is one contributed for the sellers to know because the

purchasers need information and good & service when in the interaction

and the sellers used the proposal language for negotiation in the

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5.2 Suggestion

In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are staged as the following.

1. It is suggested that all elements of traditional market should know the interpersonal coding in order to avoid misunderstanding with one another in

the field interaction especially traditional market and user the fourthly types

of speech function such as Calling, Response to Calling, Greeting, Response

to Greeting, Exclamation and response to Exclamation.

2. All elements of traditional market are suggested to use speech functions well, because using speech function enable speakers and listeners to express their

needs, message and to give information clearly.

3. It is worthy suggesting that others researchers should do further studies from the perspectives or theories of other linguistic fields.

4. It is suggested that the purchaser involved in the market activities should have good knowledge of speech function by which the can interact in the market

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REFERENCE

Bass. 1960. Style of communication

Bloor, T. & M. Bloor.1995. The Functional Analysis of English. A Hallidayan

Approach. Oxford University Press : London.

Brinton.L.J.2000. The Structure of Modern English; A Linuguistic Introduction. Jhon Bejamin Publishing Accompany: Amsterdam

D.Alan Cruse.2000. Meaning in Language an Introduction to Semantic and

Pragmatics. Oxford university Press. London.

Eggin, S. 2004. An Introduction to systemic Functional Systemic. Continuum : New York.

Ennew, George.2000. Speech Act as Reflection of The Word. Cambridge University press: New York.

Gerald Nelson. 2002 : An Introduction English Grammar. Great Britain. Hongkong.

Grundy, Peter. 2000. Doing Pragmatic . Oxford University: New York.

Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Edward Arnold (Publisher) ltd Australia.

--- 1994. Functional Grammar. Oxford University Press : London

James P. Spradley.(1980) Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston

Leech, G.1993. Prinsip-prinsip Pragmatik. Terj. Oka. Universitas Indonesia Press :Jakarta.

Martin J.R. 1992. System and Structure. Philadelphia. Amsterdam.

Mulyana, 2000. Ilmu Komunikasi Suatu Pengantar. PT Remaja Rosda Karya : Bandung.

Moeloeng, L.J. 2001. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosda Karya : Bandung.

Neumann W Lawrence. 1991. Social Research Method.Qualitative and

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Patrick Griffith.2006. An Introduction to English Semantic and Pragmatic. Edinburg University.

Paul R. Kroeger, 2005 : Analyzing Grammar An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. London.

Purba, L. 2008. Interpersonal Meanings : Speech Function in Court Room Texts.Unpublished Master of Humaniora Thesis. English Applied Linguistic Study Program. Medan.

Robin Wroffit, 2005 : Conversation and Discourse Analysis. Cambridge University Press. London.

Renkema, jan.1993. Discourse Study an Introductory Textbook. John Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam/Philadelphia.

Ruwaida, S. 2010. Speech Function in Classroom Interaction. Unpublished Master of Humaniora Thesis. English Applied Linguistic Study Program. Medan.

Saragih, A.2004. Discourse Analysis. A Systematic Functional Approachess to

The Analysis of the Text. Faculty of Language and Art. The State University

of Medan.

---.2006. Bahasa dalam Konteks Sosial. Faculty of Language and Art. The State University of Medan.

Searle, John R. 1980. Speech Function, an Essay of The Philosophy of Language. Cambridge : London.

Thompson, G. 1996. Introduction Functional Grammar. London.

---.G. 2003. Communication and Language. London.

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