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THE ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION FOUND IN BLACK HAWK DOWN MOVIE AND ITS APPLICATION IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE
SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Ainurrahmah Khasanah
English Education Program, Teacher Training and Education Faculty Purworejo Muhammadiyah University
Abstract
As the language develops every time, there are new languages and terms emerge day by day in the society. A new language and term using new words is namely word formation. Word formation is the process of creating new word and terms from the use of old words. This thesis is focused on analysis of word formation. The subject of this research is Black Hawk Down movie directed by Ridley Scott. This research is a qualitative research and a descriptive qualitative method.
The data analysis is from Black Hawk Down movie, movie is one of media to help the teacher in teaching and learning. In this research, the researcher analyzes the conversation in Black Hawk Down movie. To collect the data, the researcher do three steps: 1) the researcher watching the movie, 2) the researcher search the script from internet and 3) the researcher identifying Black Hawk Down movie. Then, the researcher analyzes the data with some steps: 1) clasifying the the type of word formation, 2) finding out word formation in movie, and 3) drawing the conclusion from the data analysis. Based on the analysis, there are seven types of word formation that can be found in Black Hawk Down movie. There are acronym (20%), blending (1%), borrowing (2.5%), clipping (9%), coinage (2.5%), compounding (7%), and derivation (58%). The application types of word formation that used in Black Hawk Down movie is can be used in vocabulary teaching and learning.
Keywords: Word Formation, Black Hawk Down, Movie, Vocabulary.
Introduction
Vocabulary is one of the skills that is very important to learn. It becomes a central part in English learning. According to Hiebert and Kamil (2005:3), vocabulary is the knowledge of meanings of words. It can be concluded that vocabulary is stock of words used by a person or class. It contains list or set of words for a particular language. Richards and Renandya (2002:255) also states vocabulary is a core component of language proficiency and provides much of the basis for how learners speak, listen, read and write. Vocabulary teaching aims to enable students to understand the concepts of unfamiliar words, gain a greater number of words, and use words successfully for communicative purposes. Most of students have difficulties in vocabulary. There are several factors which become the
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difficulties in learning vocabulary, such as they have limited number of vocabularies, and it is hard for them to memorize the meaning of words.
Word formation processes are interesting to be analyzed. Word formation is a process which produces a new word and a new meaning. It can add thousands of English vocabularies. Plag (2002:17) defines word formation as a process of creating new words on the basis of already existing words, including the addition and subtraction of phonetic material. Yule (2006:64) also defines word formation processes (mechanisms) as the study of the processes whereby new words come into being in a language. According to Barsam and Monahan (2010:3), movie derives from the celluloid strip on which the images that make up motion pictures were originally captured, cut, and projected; movie is simply short for motion pictures. Movie can also be used as a media in learning English.
Black Hawk Down illustrates the civil war in Somalia. It shows the activities of the American soldiers who came to Somalia as part of larger United Nations peacekeeping force. The analysis of word formation in military context is an interesting because in the military context, the soldiers used code to keep confidential information from unauthorized eyes. That secure and rapid communications are essential to the effective operation on the battlefield. The soldiers have a bureaucracy to use abbreviations and acronyms in their code. Furthermore, the word formation processes will be analyzed in the movie.
Research Method
The type of the research is descriptive qualitative research. Arikunto (2013:192) states that method is the way in which a researcher collects the data. Sugiyono (2011:7) states that qualitative research is as human instrument, and his functions appoint research focuses, choose informant as the data source, collect the data, appraise data’s quality, predict the data, analyze the data, and make conclusion upon his finding. In this case, pieces of paper are used to make note of the data, and the researcher is to be the instrument of this research. Qualitative data is taken as much detail as possible from Black Hawk Down movie. Then, using descriptive method, the researcher tries to analyze of word formation in Black Hawk Down movie. Instrument of research is the researcher herself by watching the film, making the notes of word formation found in movie, analyzing the processes of word
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formation. Besides, the researcher the other supporting instruments of the research is the film to obtain the data of word formation.
Research Findings and Discussion
The goal of this research is to analyze word formation in Black Hawk Down movie.
The researcher found 90 data that can be classified into 7 categories of word formation.
After analyzing the data, the researcher finds out that there are seven categories of word formation process. They are acronym, compounding, blending, derivation, coinage, borrowing, and clipping. The category and frequency of the word formation in the data can be seen from the following table:
Table. Number and Precentage of Word Formation
No. Word Formation Total Precentage (%)
1. Acronym 19 20
2. Blending 1 1
3. Back Formation 0 0
4. Borrowing 2 2.5
5. Clipping 8 9
6. Coinage 2 2.5
7. Compounding 6 7
8. Conversion 0 0
9. Derivation 52 58
10. Multiple Process 0 0
Total 90 100
Table. Number and Precentage of Word Formation No. Word Formation Total Precentage
(%)
Example Meaning
1. Acronym 19 20 ETA
(Estimated Time of Arrival)
Date and time air/ship arrived at city/port
2. Blending 1 1 Medivac Evacuation by
air
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transportation to get medical care
3. Back Formation 0 0 - -
4. Borrowing 2 2.5 Pistol
(Pistala from Czech)
Small gun made to be aimed and fired with one hand
5. Clipping 8 9 Evac
(Evacuation)
Move people from a place of danger to a safer place
6. Coinage 2 2.5 Bolivar
Belicoso
Brand of a cigarette produced in Cuba
7. Compounding 6 7 Roadblock A place where
military/police cannot drive their vehicle
8. Conversion 0 0 - -
9. Derivation 52 58 Rearm (re- +
arm)
Supply/provide yourself with weapons
10. Multiple Process 0 0 - -
Total 90 100
From the data above, it can be concluded there are 7 of 10 types of word formation that researcher found in Black Hawk Down movie. The data also indicates that the most dominant word formation type is derivation which is contains 58%
from 90 words of word formation. The researcher found 20% of acronym, 1% of blending, 2.5% of borrowing, 9% of clipping, 2.5% of coinage, and 7% of compounding.
Conclusion
Based on the findings and its discussion, there are seven types of word formation found in Black Hawk Down movie. They are acronym, blending, borrowing, coinage, compounding, clipping, and derivation. Based on the findings, there are 90 words found in Black Hawk Down movie. The researcher found 19 words that exist of acronym, 1 words that exist of blending, 2 words that exist of borrowing, 8 words that exist of clipping, 2
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words that exist of coinage, 6 words that exist of compounding, and 52 words that exist of derivation. Based on the research, the type of word formation of derivation is the most common type that is found in Black Hawk Down movie. It takes 58% of total terms or 52 words from total 90 words.
References
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2013. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta.
Barsam, Richard and Dave Monahan. 2010. Looking at Movies an Introduction to Film.
New York: W.W Norton & Company Inc.
Hiebert and Kamil. 2005. Teaching Learning Vocabulary. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publisher.
Plag, Ingo. 2002. Word Formation in English. Siegen: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, C. Jack and Willy A. Renandya. 2002. Methodology In Language Teaching.
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Yule, George. 2006. The Study of Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.
