DAFTAR ISI PENDAHULUAN

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DAFTAR ISI PENDAHULUAN --- i DAFTAR ISI --- ii DAFTAR TABEL --- x DAFTAR GAMBAR --- xi MODUL 1 Kelainan Pada Bibir --- 1

1. Pendahuluan --- 1

2. Relevansi --- 1

3. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus --- 1

4. Kegiatan Belajar --- 1

4.1. Kelainan Cacat Bawaan --- 1

4.1.1. Sumbing Bibir --- 1

4.1.2. Cheilognathoschisis --- 2

4.1.3. Sumbing Palatum --- 2

4.1.4. Cheilognathopalatoschisis --- 2

4.1.5. Obique Facial Cleft --- 3

4.1.6. Transverse Facial Cleft --- 3

4.2. Radang --- 3

4.2.1. Cheilitis Vesikularis --- 3

4.2.2. Cheilosis --- 3

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4.2.4. Radang Kronis Spesifik --- 4 4.3. Tumor --- 5 4.3.1. Tumor Jinak --- 5 4.3.2. Pseudo Tumor --- 5 4.3.2.1. Keratoacanthoma --- 6 4.3.2.2. Granuloma Pyogenicum --- 6 4.3.2.3. Verruform Xanthoma --- 7 4.3.3. Tumor Ganas --- 8 4.3.3.1. Pendahuluan --- 8 4.3.3.2. Definisi --- 8 4.3.3.3. Etiologi --- 9 4.3.3.4. Gambaran Klinis --- 11 4.3.3.5. Gambaran Histopatologis --- 12

4.3.3.6. Lokasi dan Insidensi --- 12

4.3.3.7. Metastasis --- 13 4.3.3.8. Diagnosis --- 14 4.3.3.9. Diferensial Diagnosa --- 15 4.3.3.10. Stadium --- 15 4.3.3.11. Prognosa --- 16 4.3.3.12. Terapi --- 17 5. Rangkuman --- 19 6. Daftar Pustaka --- 20

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MODUL 2

Kelainan Pada Mukosa Mulut --- 21

2. Relevansi --- 21

4.1. Radang --- 21

4.1.1. Ginggivo-Stomatitis Herpetika Acuta --- 22

4.1.2. Stomatitis Acuta Fibronosa --- 23

4.1.3. Ginggivitis Ulcerative Nekroticans --- 23

4.1.4. Angina Ludwig --- 23

4.1.5. Stomatitis Acuta Catarrhalis--- 23

4.1.6. Stomatitis Nicotina --- 23 4.1.7. Stomatitis Aphtosa --- 24 4.2. Pigmentasi --- 26 4.2.1. Tatto Amalgam --- 26 4.2.2. Argyria --- 27 4.2.3. Plumbism --- 27 4.2.4. Melanosis --- 27 4.3. Tumor Jinak --- 28 4.3.1. Papiloma --- 28 4.3.2. Fibroma --- 29 4.3.3. Lipoma --- 30 4.3.4. Hemangioma --- 32

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4.3.5. Limfangioma --- 33 4.3.6. Neurofibroma --- 34 4.3.7. Rhabdomyoma --- 35 4.3.7.1. Pendahuluan --- 35 4.3.3.2. Klasifikasi --- 36 4.4. Epulis --- 40 4.4.1. Epulis Granulomatosa --- 40 4.4.2. Epulis Angiomatosa --- 41 4.4.3. Epulis Fibromatosa --- 41 4.4.3. Epulis Gigantocellulare --- 42 4.4.5. Epulis Fissuratum --- 42 4.4.6. Epulis Gravidarum --- 43 5. Rangkuman --- 43 6. Daftar Pustaka --- 44 MODUL 3 Kelainan Pada Lidah --- 45

2. Relevansi --- 45

4.1. Kelainan Kongenital --- 45

4.1.1. Mikroglosia --- 45

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4.1.3. Lingual Thyroid --- 46

4.1.4. Median Rhomboid Glossitis --- 47

4.1.5. Bifid Tongue--- 48

4.2. Radang --- 48

4.2.1. Radang Akut --- 48

4.2.1.1. Glossitis Akuta --- 48

4.2.1.2. Stomatitis Scarlanita --- 48

4.2.2. Radang Khronis Spesifik --- 49

4.2.2.1. Tuberculosis --- 49

4.2.2.2. Sifilis --- 49

4.2.3. Radang Kronis Yang Tidak Spesifik --- 49

4.2.3.1. Geographic Tounge --- 49 4.2.3.2. Hairy Tounge --- 50 4.3. Lesi-lesi Prekanker --- 51 4.3.1. Leukoplakia --- 51 4.3.2. Erythroplakia --- 56 4.3.3. Karsinoma In Situ --- 57

4.4. Lesi-lesi yang Lain --- 58

4.4.1. Lichen Planus --- 58 4.4.2. Nevus Pigmentosus --- 60 4.5. Neoplasma --- 62 4.5.1. Pendahuluan --- 63 4.5.2. Tipe-tipe Rhabdomiosarkoma --- 64 4.5.3. Sistem Staging --- 65

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4.5.4. Prognosis --- 68 4.5.5. Perawatan --- 69 4.2.3.1. Tindakan Pembedahan --- 71 4.2.3.2. Terapi Radiasi --- 71 5. Rangkuman --- 73 6. Daftar Pustaka --- 74 MODUL 4 Kelainan Pada Gigi dan Tulang Rahang --- 75

2. Relevansi --- 75

4.1. Patogenesis Kelainan Cacat Bawaan --- 75

4.1.1. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta --- 76 4.1.2. Amelogenesis Imperfecta --- 76 4.1.3. Hipoplasia Email --- 77 4.1.4. Anodontia --- 77 4.1.5. Microdontia --- 78 4.1.6. Macrodontia --- 78 4.1.7. Agnathia --- 78 4.1.8. Micrognathia --- 79 4.1.9. Macrognathia --- 79 4.1.10. Acromegalia --- 79

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5. Rangkuman --- 101

6. Daftar Pustaka --- 101

MODUL 5 Kelainan Pada Lidah --- 102

2. Relevansi --- 102

4. Kegiatan Belajar --- 102 4.1. Sialadenitis --- 103 4.2. Mucocele --- 104 4.3. Mikulicz’s Disease --- 105 4.4. Mikulicz’s Syndrome --- 105 4.5. Sjogren Syndrome --- 105

4.6. Tumor Jinak Kelenjar Ludah --- 106

4.6.1. Pendahuluan --- 106

4.6.2. Patogenesis --- 107

4.6.3. Klasifikasi Tumor Jinak Kelenjar Ludah --- 109

4.6.3.1. Pleomorfik Adenoma --- 109

4.6.3.2. Monomorfik Adenoma --- 111

4.6.3.3. Ductal Papiloma --- 120

4.7. Tumor Ganas Kelenjar Ludah --- 122

4.7.1. Pendahuluan --- 122

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MODUL 6 Cara Pengambilan, Pengiriman dan Dasar Penilaian Biopsi/ Sitologi --- 131

2. Relevansi --- 131

4.1. Prinsip Dasar Fiksasi --- 131

4.2. Macam-Macam Cairan Fiksasi --- 132

4.3. Cara Pengiriman Sediaan Biopsi --- 135

4.4. Cara Pengiriman Sediaan Sitologi --- 135

4.5. Pengelolaan Jaringan --- 136

4.6. Interpretasi Hasil Pemeriksaan Biopsi --- 140

4.7. Interpretasi Hasil Pemeriksaan Sitologis --- 140

4.8. Klasifikasi Diagnosa Sitologi --- 141

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1. Faktor Penyebab Karsinoma Sel Squamous --- 10

Tabel 1.2. TNM Untuk Malignansi Pada Tumor Rongga Mulut --- 16

Tabel 1.3. Stadium Untuk Karsinoma Rongga Mulut --- 17

Tabel 2.1. Gambaran Klinis Variasi Klasifikasi Rhabdomyoma --- 36

Tabel 3.1. Sistem Pengelompokan Menurut Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRS) --- 66

Tabel 3.2. Sistem Staging dengan G-TNM --- 67

Tabel 3.3. Pengelompokan Stadium dan Angka Bertahan Hidup --- 69

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1. Gambaran Klinis Moniliasis pada Bibir --- 4

Gambar 1.2. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Granuloma Pyogenicum Pada bibir --- 7

Gambar 1.3. Karsinoma Sel Squamous Pada Bibir dan Lidah --- 11

Gambar 1.4. Gambaran Histopatologis karsinoma Sel Squamous Well Differentiated --- 13

Gambar 2.1. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Stomatitis Nikotina --- 24

Gambar 2.2 Gambaran Histopatologis Tubercle Pada Tuberculosis --- 25

Gambar 2.3. Gambaran Klinis Tatoo Amalgam --- 26

Gambar 2.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Tatto Amalgam --- 27

Gambar 2.5. Gambaran Klinis Papiloma Pada Lidah --- 28

Gambar 2.6. Gambaran Histopatologis Papiloma --- 29

Gambar 2.7. Gambaran Klinis Fibroma Rongga Mulut --- 30

Gambar 2.8. Gambaran Histopathologis Fibroma --- 30

Gambar 2.9. Gambaran Klinis Lipoma Rongga Mulut --- 31

Gambar 2.10. Gambaran Histologis Lipoma --- 31

Gambar 2.11. Gambaran Klinis Hemangioma --- `32

Gambar 2.12. Gambaran Histopatologis Hemangioma Cavernosum dan Hemangioma Capilare --- 33

Gambar 2.13. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Limfangioma --- 34

Gambar 2.14. Gambaran Klinis Epulis Pada Gusi --- 40

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Gambar 2.16. Gambaran Histopatologis Giant Cell Epulis --- 42

Gambar 2.17. Gambaran Klinis Epulis Fissuratum --- 43

Gambar 3.1. Gambaran Klinis Median Rhomboid Glossitis --- 47

Gambar 3.2. Gambaran Histopatologis Median Rhomboid Glossitis --- 48

Gambar 3.3. Gambaran Klinis Leukoplakia Pada Lidah dan Mukosa Bukal --- 54

Gambar 3.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Leukloplakia --- 56

Gambar 3.5. Gambaran Klinis Erythroplakia yang Bercampur dengan Leukoplakia --- 57

Gambar 3.6. Gambaran Klinis Lichen Planus, Reticular Form dan Hyperthropyform --- 59

Gambar 4.1. Gambaran Klinis Ameloblastoma --- 83

Gambar 4.2. Gambaran Histopatologis Ameloblastoma Tipe Follikeler --- 84

Gambar 4.3. Gambaran Histopatologis Ameloblastoma Tipe Plexiform --- 84

Gambar 4.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Ameloblastoma Tipe Akantomatous --- 85

Gambar 4.5. Gambaran Klinis Torus Palatinus --- 99

Gambar 4.6. Gambaran Klinis Torus Mandibularis --- 99

Gambar 4.7. Gambaran Mikroskopis Oswteogenic Sarcoma --- 100

Gambar 5.1. Gambaran Klinis dan Histopatologis Mucocele --- 105

Gambar 5.2. Gambaran Klinis Pleomorfik Adenoma Kelenjar Parotis --- 110

Gambar 5.3. Gambaran Histopatologis Pleomorfik Adenoma --- 111

Gambar 5.4. Gambaran Histopatologis Onkositoma --- 111

Gambar 5.5. Gambaran Klinis Tumor Warthin Pasda Kelenjar Parotis --- 119

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Gambar 5.7. Gambaran Histopatologis Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Low Grade Malignancy --- 125 Gambar 5.8. Gambaran Histopatologis Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma --- 126 Gambar 5.9. Gambaran Histopatologis Acinic Cell Carcinoma --- 127