AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
ANTONINA NAWANG ANDRIASTUTI
Student number: 984214136
Students Registration Number: 960051120111130086
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
Defended before the Board of Examiners
Name
Chairman : Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M.Pd., M.A.
Secretary : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka M. Hum
Member : Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum.
Member : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka M. Hum
Member : Adventina Putranti, S. S, M. Hum
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Yogyakarta, July 31, 2007
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O,Letters Sanata Dharma University
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IN LAURA ESQUIVEL'S SW IFT AS DESIRE
By
Antonina Nawang Andriastuti
Student number: 984214136
Students Registration Number: 960051120111130086
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guidance and love, so I finally can finish my study. It was a very long and tiring process before I reached this stage.
I dedicate my deepest gratitude to my sponsor Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka M. Hum. I realize that I could never complete my thesis without the help of him, who gave his time and thought to read and correct my thesis. I dedicate my deepest thankfulness to my co-sponsor Adventina Putranti, S. S, M. Hum. Who has provided further correction for my thesis. I also dedicate my gratitude to Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum as my examiner, Mbak Niek, all the lecturers ,staffs of English Department and all of the librarians who have helped me finding sources for my thesis and for the guidance and understanding during my study in Sanata Dharma University.
I would like to express my greatest thank to my parents, Bapak “BABE” Basuki Santoso and Ibu “MOMI” A.A. Sri Komuni Astuti S.E. for their love, blessing, support, understanding, and prayer given to me. Thanks also to my beloved brother, Nicholas N. Angga Respati, for being the star in my life. I love you. I am thankful to all my family in semarang, tante “Sexy” Elly, and om “Sehat” Dwi, also my family in Weert, M’ Ning and M’ Retno.
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attention and his love. Thank you for gave me a big support in finishing my thesis, shared me in facing good and bad times and for being himself for me. You have completed my life. Thank you very much “BABY GENDUT SAYANG“!!..
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a. Theory of Character and Characterization ... 11
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B. The Development of Conflicts Revealed in The Story ... 47
1. Plot of The Story ... 47
2. The Conflict Development from the Story ... 51
3. The Development of the Conflict ... 56
C. The Theme Seen from the Conflict ... 58
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION ... 61
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 65
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Letters Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University.
This thesis is about the theme revealed through the conflicts in Laura Esquivel’s Swift as Desire. The story is interesting, it has a love story with full of desire and passion in the beginning, after that this story is changed with many conflicts. A unique and strange love story that is aimed to finds happiness and pleasure.
Jubilo Chi and Luz Maria are the main characters in this novel. Jubilo chi is a sensitive person. luz maria is modern woman. All the characters are created by their family background. The different characters of both get many problems.
In the analysis, the writer views the theme revealed through the conflicts that created by the characters. The analysis contains three basic questions to be answered. The first question to mention the characters personalities in the story, the second is to find the conflicts that created by the characters, and the third one is to find the theme revealed through the conflicts in the story.
The thesis uses the psychology approach proposed by Rohreberger and Woods, Jr. The method of the analysis is by doing some research, re-reading the book itself, collecting the data from library and internet that can support the analysis.
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in Laura Esquivel’s Swift as Desire. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University.
Analisa ini tentang tema yangThis thesis is about the theme revealed through the conflicts in Laura Esquivel’s Swift as Desire. The story is interesting, it has a love story with full of desire and passion in the beginning, after that this story is changed with many conflicts. A unique and strange love story that is aimed to finds happiness and pleasure.
Jubilo Chi dan Luz Maria adalah tokoh utama di dalam novel ini. Jubilo chi adalah seserong yang sifatnya sensitive. luz maria adalah wanita moderen. Semua karakter terbentuk dari lingkungan keluarganya. Perbedaan karakter masing-masing mendapatkan banyak permasalahan ketika mereka harus bersama.
Dalam analisanya, penulis merujuk tema dilihat dari permasalahan yang ditimbulkan oleh karakter. Di dalam analisa ini, terdapat tiga permasalahan mendasar. Permasalahan pertama untuk mendiskripsikan personality karakter, pertanyaan kedua untuk menemukan permasalahan yng ditimbulkan oleh karakter, dan pertanyaan yang ke tiga untuk menemukan tema dari cerita dilihat dari permasalahan yang timbul.di dalam cerita.
Dalam analisanya, penulis menggunakan pendekatan psikologi yang diusulkan oleh Rohreberger dan Woods, Jr. metode yang diterapkan pada analisa ini adalah dengan melakukan beberapa penelitian, memahami isi buku itu sendiri, mengumpulkan data dari perpustakaan dan mencari dari internet yang dapat membantu menganalisa novel ini.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Study
After reading the work of literature, we find that the literary work and reality have one similarity. Both of them convey the story of human life. In real life, we live to learn how to develop, to solve problems and to experience the gloomy side of life. It becomes a place for us to struggle for a better condition and to survive from the harsh of life. Here, we often deal with conflicts or problem, which are the result of our relationship and interaction with others. A well known proverb says,” The experience of life is the best teacher for all of us”. It suggests that we can get many important lessons from our past life experience. Life is a learning experience that comes from resolving conflicts. The experience constructs our characteristics. It means that the experience of resolving conflicts in the process of maturity is a useful element in the personality development, whether as an individual or social being. People get important lessons from their past mistakes and avoid doing the same mistake again in the future. It is the way of learning life in order to be a better person.
conflicts in war, marriage, revolution, society, friendship, etc. Rene Wellek and Austin Warren in their book, Theory of Literature (1956) also suggest that the work of literature portrays life as reality. They also mention that literature looks like a real-life portrait. It is an illustration of human lives because the literary works present the reality of human situations, problems, feelings and relationships (1956:96). From the explanation above, we can say that both reality of life and the literary work consist of the stories of how people struggle to overcome their conflicts or problems with others.
Hudson also shows the relationship between literature and the reality of in his book, An Introduction to the study of Literature (1958):
“ literature is a vital record of what men have seen in life, what they have experienced , what they have thought and felt about those aspects of it which have the most immediate and enduring interest of all of us. It is thus fundamentally an expression of life through the medium of language.”(Hudson, 1958:10)
Hudson mentions that literature is a vital record of what men have seen in life. The record is known as the literary work. We know several forms of literary work, such as poem, drama, and novel or fiction. The writer of this thesis takes fiction or novel as the subject of the study. If we compare fiction with others, it explores its intrinsic elements, such as plot, setting, and characters more in details.
One intrinsic element in fiction is plot. According to M.J. Murphy in Understanding Unseen (1972), plot is defined as,
with it up and over a series of crests until the climax of the story is reached and everything is resolved, generally to the reader’s satisfaction”(1972-134).
Murphy states that there is a close relationship between character and plot in the story. We find that all the actions and the reactions of the characters have big contribution toward the forward movement of the plot. (1972:134). Meanwhile, De Laar and Schoorderwoerd describe how plot and characters need one another. They mention,”…plot is what happens to the characters. Plot and characters cannot be really separated. Plot is nothing without characters; characters are nothing without plot.”(1963: 167). If we talk about plot, we cannot forget the element that constructs plot that is conflicts. Robert Stanton in An Introduction to Fiction (1965) mentions that conflicts is the core of the story’s structure, the generating centre out of which the plot grows. A story may contain more than one conflict of forces, but only the central conflict fully accounts for the events of the plot. (1965: 16). Rohrberger and Woods in Reading and Writing about Literature, also show the relationship between plot, conflicts, and characters in the novel. They point out, “it is difficult to separate single elements-to talk, for example, about character without talking at the same time about plot or setting or conflict, because character often determine plot, setting helps to define characters, and conflict results from placing of characters in situation.
revealing the theme to the main character “Jubilo Chi and Luz Maria”. The writer is challenged to know more about relation, specially, the contribution of conflicts to the main characters’ development. Therefore, the writer will analyze the relationship between plot, conflicts and characters throughout Laura Esquivel’s novel entitled Swift as Desire (2001) as the subject of the analysis.
Laura Esquivel's Swift as Desire, an enchanting and sensuous romance, reflects upon an undying love and the will to overcome an unspeakable tragedy. As in her bestselling novel Like Water for Chocolate, Swift as Desire is rich with metaphor, coated with magic, and very much about the power of desire. Júbilo, a telegraph operator blessed (or cursed) with the ability to hear what people feel, radiates joy from his birth. He spends his life mediating for others and salvaging their relationships, until disaster strikes his own life and causes him to question, even loathe, his supernatural gift.
As the millions of fans of Like Water for Chocolate know, Laura Esquivel is a romanticist whose novels explore the power of love and the truths of the human heart. She returns to those themes in Swift as Desire, the story of a loving and passionate man who has the gift of bringing happiness to everyone except his own wife.
who is poor, love and desire are more important than possessions. But their passion for each other enables them to build a happy life together until their idyll was shatter by a terrible event that drives them bitterly apart. Only years later, as Júbilo lies dying, is his daughter able to unravel the mystery behind her parents’ long estrangement and bring about a surprising reconciliation. (www.amazon/swiftasdesire.com)
The full romance between Jubilo Chi and Luz Maria from the first time they met. We know that something happens to cause a rift. The young Jubilo Chi and Luz Maria never knew about the troubles that split them influence the main characters relationships.
A conflict can be a problem when the inside of personal feeling has a contradiction that cannot be accepted in his heart. Conflict exists because the contradiction of someone’s need is different from others; and it needs a solution to solve the conflict. It can be seen that the conflict influences character and their relationships.
B. Problem Formulation
In analyzing the theme revealed through the conflicts in Laura Esquivel’s Swift as Desire, the writer limits the analysis into three problems formulated as follows:
1. How are Jubilo Chi’s character and Luz Maria’s character described in Laura Esquivel in Swift as Desire?
2. How do the conflicts of the story develop between the main characters? 3. What is the theme of the story seen from the conflict between the main
characters?
C. Objectives of The Study
D. Definition of Terms
In order to avoid misinterpretation about the terms used and to have the better understanding of the thesis, the writer will give explanations about the definition of character, plot, conflict and theme.
1. Conflict
The conflict according to Abrams deals with plot. In addition to the conflict between individuals, there maybe the conflict of a protagonist against fate, or against the circumstances that stands between opposing desires or values in a character’s own mind. (1971:128)
2. Theme
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter consists of three parts. The first part is the review of related studies the second part is review of related theories and the last is the theoretical framework. Review of related studies is to review the related studies, the review from the other reader and critiques that help the writer to find out the point of view. Second, the review of related theories consists of the theory of literature, and the Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs. The theory of literature use to describe the character of the main characters. Theory of plot use to organizes the story. After that the writer uses theory of conflict to find the answer from problem formulation. The theory of character and characterization is used to find out the description of the main character in the story. The theory hierarchy of needs is used to find out the conflicts of Jubilo Chi and Luz Maria. And the theory of theme uses to find the theme seen in conflicts, to answer the third question in the problem formulation.
The last is theoretical framework, this part uses to show the main supporting idea with deals to the theory in analyze the problem formulation.
A. Review of Related Studies
has it all, a little mysticism, some humor, and love and passion. Read between the lines and we will not be disappointed. It tells about how Jubilo is born, how much his grandmother loves him, a little about the culture of Mayan and Spanish. Jubilo falls in love with Luz Maria, the daughter of a wealthy Mexican family. Luz Maria loves Jubilo also. Their passion goes on for years from when Luz Maria is 13 until they marry. Luz Maria is feeling such passion for Jubilo that she decides to marry him so they can fulfill their desire. But married life is not what she expected. They go through many trials and tribulations. Their passion never seems to die. Jubilo works as a telegraph operators, he changes the messages of his customers to help them communicate what they hope to. Luz Maria is upset that her life is not fulfilled enough like when she was a little girl living with her parents and had everything she wanted. They have children and somewhere along the storyline, things are not communicated and life is not as it seems. And the passion seems to die. The story goes back and forth from the present to the past. Telling how Jubilo's daughter is trying to help him to communicate again since he has Parkinson's and is blind. With the help of his friends and her daughter, they do this. The fact that many times we marry young and do not realized what we are getting into. That many times we make assumptions of what the other spouse is thinking, when it is not that way at all. Those if we just accepted life as it were. The writer believes that as human being, Jubilo still can fell happy, long for, and suffer for love thought the one that he loves is a beautiful woman his wife. He has great feeling of love.
In this thesis, the writer wants to find out what actually the main characters looks for their happiness. The writer wants to state the disagreements about their conflict in revealing the theme. Every character in this story is only searching for happiness, meanwhile in love there is sadness as well. It means that love does not only go direct to one object (happiness) but also goes to the sadness. And all of this must be faced logically if someone is falling in love. They never think that they are different: Jubilo Chi is poor and Luz Maria is a little girl from the wealthy family.
Looking at the character, the writer notices that it changes from a status to a real lover. Jubilo comes to the new place with the motivation to get different life. And this is called as character development or a round character.
Kenney says that a round character is more lifelike than simple character because in life people are simply embodiments of single attitudes. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of the most admired characters in fiction are complex characters. (Kenney, 1988:28)
B. Review of Related Theories
to find out the character of the main characters and the problem of the main character’s the conflict that influences the separation between two people and how it can disturb their relationships.
1. Theory of Literature
Here the writer would like to apply some theories of literature. They are the theory of character and characterization.
a. Theory of Character and Characterization
Like us, who exist in this world, there are characters that ‘live’ and ‘act’ in the novel. According to Abrams(1981:20), characters are ”the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work who are interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral and disposition qualities that are expressed in what they say (the dialogues) and by what they do (the actions)”. This quotation implies that there is a relation between the presentations of a character as well as his personality traits and what the readers get from his presentation. That is why the characters must be credible, or in other words, the reader must accept them as believable people.
According to M.J. Murphy (1972:161-173) there are nine ways in which an author attempts to make his characters understandable to, and come alive for, his readers, those are:
1. Personal description
The author can describe a character’s physical appearance like the face, body and clothes of the characters (1972: 161-162).
The author can describe a character through the eyes and opinions of another instead of describing a character directly (1972:162-164).
3. Speech
The author can give us an insight into the character of one of the persons in the book through what that person says. Whenever a person speaks, whenever he is in conversation with another, whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is giving us some clues to his character (1972:166-167).
4. Past life
The author guides the readers to learn something about the person’s past life. The author can give us a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character. This can be done by direct comment by the author, trough the person’s thoughts, through his conversation or trough the medium of another person (1972:166-167).
5. Conversation of others
The authors can also give us clue to a person’s character through the conversation of other people and the things they say about him (1972:167-168). 6. Reactions
The author can give us a clue to a person’s character by letting us know how that person reacts to various situations and events (1972:168-170).
7. Direct comment
8. Thoughts
The author can give us direct knowledge of what person is thinking about (1972:171-172).
9. Mannerisms
The author can describe a person’s mannerisms, habits or idiosyncrasies, which tell us something about his character (1972:173)
Character is one of internal aspects in a novel. The term character is used in two ways: (1) it designated the individual who appear in the story and (2) it refers to the mixture of interests, desires, emotions, and principle that makes up each of these individuals (Stanton, 1965:17). It is similar to what Barnet says that the terms character refers to: (1) figure in literary works, figure here refers to the story performer such as in Swift as Desire, Jubilo, Luz Maria, etc; and (2) personality, that is, the mental and moral qualities of a figure, as one says that A’s character is strong, weak, or immoral, or whatever (1988:71).
b. Theories of Plot
Critics have different opinions toward plot as another important element in fiction. Actually, plot is the basic elements of literary work and has relation with other intrinsic element, such as character and conflict. Certainly, the character’s development depends on his function in plot.
plot has subordinate story telling to the creation of a sense of active human presence (Berranger, 1994:57). In other words, plot has the close relation with the creation of characters in literary works.
As quoted Holman-Harmon’s A Handbook to Literature, Aristotle has his own opinion about the concept of plot. He says that plot is the imitation of an action and the arrangement of the incidents. Here, Aristotle also explains that the action imitated should be a whole and should have a beginning, a middle, and an ending. A beginning is that which does not follow anything by casual necessity, but after which something naturally as or comes to be. Middle is that which follows something as some other things follow it. Finally, an ending is that which itself follows some other thing, either by necessity, or as a rule, but has nothing following it.
Aristotle divides the plot into two parts, they are dramatic plot and epic plot (Yelland, 1953: 148-149). Dramatic plot is the conventional framework followed more or less closely by most plays and many novels and short stories. It is an artificial arrangement of incidents, the main purpose of which is to capture and hold the interest and provide and artistically satisfying conclusion. Dramatic plot is divided into four divisions:
1) Exposition
2) Raveling or complication
Here, the interest is quickened and suspense created by the introduction of difficulties, which seem to stand in the way of satisfactory conclusion.
3) Climax
Here, is the point of greatest expectancy, and the cumulative effect of preceding incidents.
4) Denouement or unraveling
Here is the part that the conclusion is finally worked out.
Epic plot is a series of incidents or adventures given more or less in chronological order and not arranged in an artificial pattern, unified by a central idea in the nature of a cause or quest of struggle in which the main characters are constantly engaged.
Graham Little in Approach to Literature says that “plot is a unit or set of units of narrative to make a single pattern of events, complete in itself” (1981:82). Little then divides the plot into 5 sections. They are:
1) Exposition
2) Conflict
Conflict is the essence of all stories. The exposition should set up situation in which there is conflict and from which suspense arises. The conflict may be one of man against man, or in the mind of the chief character, man against himself. The conflict may be simple or complex as when a whole tangle relationship result in a situation very difficult to be unravel.
3) Suspense
Conflict sets up at least two opposing forces will win and how. 4) Climax
Climax is a major crisis or turning point in the whole action of a plot. It is the point of which the fatal step is taken, the essential decision made which result in the action including one way or other.
5) Resolution
Suspense continuous from the point of climax to the end of the plot. There may be further complication on the way. The resolution is the rounding off of the action, the conclusion, one way or the other, of the conflict (1981:83-84).
particular kind of interest in the reader or audience, such as surprise or suspense (1991:170)
c. Theory of Conflict
According to Holman-Harmon, conflict is the struggle that grows out of interplay of the two opposing focuses in the plot. They also state that conflict may occur in the struggle for mastery. Conflict may be an argument between opposing focus in the plot. They also state that conflict may occur in the struggle against another person, against society, and the struggle for mastery. Conflict may be an argument between opposing forces, like man against man, man against nature, man against fate or perhaps an internal one between the two opposing part of man’s personality (1986:107).
Redman says that conflict is a struggle between two opposing forces, ideas, or believes which is the basis of the plot. He also states that to find out the conflict in the literature, the readers have to indicate the problem including how the characters face the problem. If the reader already sign the problem, he will clearly get the conflict that’s occurs. Therefore, the most important things are for the reader to know the end of the conflict. The solution of the conflicts happens if the opposing forces relent or the main character faces the opposing forces successfully or he or she fails in facing the forces (1964:363)
himself, and in some works, the conflict is between opposing desires or values in a character’s own mind (1971: 128).
Stanton has his own opinion. He mentions that there are two important elements of plot: conflict and climax (1965:16). He divides conflict into two parts:
1) Internal conflict
Internal conflict is the conflict between two desires within a character. Here, the conflict happened because the opposing desires or values in a character’s own mind, he has to choose the best one for him.
2) External conflict
External conflict is the conflict between a character and his environment. There maybe the conflict of character’s against fate and the circumstances that exist between him and a goal of himself. Besides, it happened because the different opinions of characters.
Stanton also says that these specific conflicts are in turn subordinate to the central conflict, which maybe internal, external, or both. He states that a central conflict is always between fundamental and contrasting qualities or forces, such as honesty and hypocrisy, innocence and experience, individuality and the pressure to conform.
d. Theory of Theme
society, the nature of human kind’s relationship to the world, and the nature of our ethical responsibilities.
According to Jennifer and Henley, theme is not the same as the subject or topic of a work. The subject is what the work is about, so we can state the subject in a word or phrase. In contrast, theme is what the work says about the subject. The statement of a work’s theme requires a complete sentence. Furthermore, a work’s theme must apply to people outside the work.
(www.definitionofliterature.jenifferadhenley/htm<http://www.definitionofliterat ure.jenifferadhenley/htm>)
Perrine in his book “Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense “, mentions that the theme of a piece of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight. Theme is the unifying generalization about life that is stated or implied by the story (1974:102). It implies that theme will be the central idea of the story which is given by the author and it might be worth exploring for the readers.
Perrine also gives six principles in making up the theme:
1. Theme must be in the form of a sentence, it must explain something about the subject.
2. Theme must draw a general statement about life.
3. Theme can be gained only from the content of the story to show the specific purposes of the author in revealing specific problems.
the whole content of the story. It should base on the source of the story itself.
5. Theme can be stated as long as the view of life presented in the story is fulfilled.
6. Theme must be different from familiar saying in terms of the main of its statement. Theme must provide a wider knowledge than familiar saying.
In addition to explanation above, Stanton in “An Introduction to Fiction” gives his view on how to identify a story’s theme. He said that the story itself has already guided us to the theme of a story in a sense of providing us with a lot of details that may support our interpretation. He also points out that an important point to start with is to ponder about the characters, the situation and the plot. To see everything in the story is an attempt to help us to convey the theme. Therefore, we need to go deeper and further to the elements of the story particularly characters and plot. (1965:21)
To come to a deeper understanding about theme, Stanton also gives some criteria that the theme may have:
a. An adequate interpretation should account every prominent detail in the story.
b. An adequate interpretation should not be contradicted by any detail of the story. The author is trying to communicate something; he will not willingly defeat his own purpose.
d. An interpretation should be directly suggested by the story. In other words, if the theme is courage we may expect to see some explicit appearance of or reference to courage.
2. Theory of Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow in Globe’s the Third Force says that people conduct action to fulfill their needs. He says” man is initially motivated by a series of basic needs; as these are satisfied, he moves toward the level of the higher needs and becomes motivated by them”(1971:47). The basic needs according to Maslow are “physiological needs, the safety needs, the belonginess and love needs, the esteem needs, the elf actualization needs, the desire to know and to understand, and the aesthetic needs”(1971:38-44).
The definitions of the basic needs are as follows: a. Physiological needs
The most basic and powerful of the man’s needs are the needs for physical survival. It includes the needs for food, liquid, shelter, sex, sleep, and oxygen. A person who is lacking food, self-esteem, and love will demand food first before they reach other needs. When a man is extremely hungry, no others interest in his mind but only food. “He dreams food, he remembers food, he thinks about food, and he wants only foods” (1971:38).
b. The safety needs
try to take away from the dangerous thing especially related to physical violence.
c. The belongingness and love needs
“When the physiological needs and the safety needs are satisfied, needs for love, affection, and belongingness emerge” (1971:40). Love is different from sex. According to Maslow, “love involves a healthy, loving relationship between two people, which includes mutual trust”. Everybody needs love. Maslow says that the evidence that we need love is of exactly the same as the evidence that we need iodine or vitamin c, the lack of love stifles the growth and the development of potential”(1971:41).
d. The esteem needs
According to Maslow, the esteem needs have two terms. They are “self respect and esteem from other people” he explains those two terms as follows: 1. Self-esteem includes such needs as desire for confidence, competence,
mastery, adequacy, achievement, independence, and freedom.
2. Self-respect from others includes such concepts as prestige, recognition, acceptance, attention, status reputation, and appreciation (1971:42).
e. The self-actualization needs
“What a man can be, he must be”. Maslow states this need as” the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming”. This need emerges after “reasonable satisfaction on the love and esteem needs” (1971:42).
f. The desire to know and to understand
“A character of mental health is curiosity”. Maslow also says, “This process has been phrased by some as the search for meaning. We shall then postulate a desire to understand, to systematize, to organize, to analyze, to look for relation and meaning, to construct a system values (1971:43).
g. The aesthetic needs
Maslows finds in some individuals, the need for beauty is very deep, and ugliness is actually sickening to them. Maslow gives an example from his study.” The effects of ugliness is dulling and stultifying.” (1971:44)
C. Theoretical Framework
In this chapter, the writer wants to discuss the problems that are already formulated in the problem formulation in the previous chapter. Therefore, the writer needs some theories to help her in answering the problems.
in the writer’s discussion. Here, the theory of characterization is also needed to reveal what kinds of character are presented in the novel.
To get deeper understanding to the personality of the characters discussed, the writer applies Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs and self actualization theory. The writer wants to show how human needs may form the personality of a person. In this thesis, it’s related with the personalities of Jubilo Chi and Luz Maria.
The writer needs Maslow’s theory on hierarchy of needs, theory of plot and theory of conflict to answer the second problem formulation. Furthermore, the writer finds out that the development of the conflict influenced by the development of the character needs.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Object of The Study
The novel that the writer analyzes in this thesis is Laura Esquivel's Swift as Desire, an enchanting and sensuous romance, reflects upon an undying love and the will to overcome an unspeakable tragedy. As in her bestselling novel Like Water for Chocolate, Swift as Desire is rich with metaphor, coated with magic, and very much about the power of desire. Júbilo, a telegraph operator blessed (or cursed) with the ability to hear what people feel, radiates joy from his birth. He spends his life mediating for others and salvaging their relationships, until disaster strikes his own life and causes him to question, even loathe, his supernatural gift.
Writing the novel as a tribute to Laura Esquivel’s father (a telegraph operator), Esquivel integrates her belief in the power of words. Swift as Desire is an engaging and enjoyable story that anyone with the slightest interest in a sensually romantic novel will find quite desirable, indeed
The hero of this novelis Júbilo Chi, a telegraph operator who was born with the ability to “hear” people’s true feelings and respond to their most intimate, unspoken desires. His life changes forever the day he falls deeply and irrevocably in love with Lucha, the beautiful daughter of a wealthy family. She believes money is necessary to insure happiness, while for Júbilo, who is poor, love and desire are more important than possessions. But their passion for each other enables them to build a happy life together, until their idyll is shattered by a terrible event that drives them bitterly apart. Only years later, as Júbilo lies dying, is his daughter able to unravel the mystery behind her parents’ long estrangement and bring about a surprising reconciliation.
The book quickly attracted favorable attention, but no one could have predicted the success in the store for it, moreover the six publishers had had originally rejected it.
B. Approaches of The Study
To evaluate the novel, the writer took the psychological approach. The writer used the psychological approach since the thesis dealt with the character personality needs. According to Rohrberger and woods, Jr. in their book, reading and writing about literature, psychological approach involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns. It draws on a different body of knowledge that is psychology (1971:13).
the theme revealed through the conflict in the novel. This approach helps the writer to explain personality side of the characters needs in the novel. The writer applied this approach because it was the appropriate way in revealing and getting the theme in Laura Esquivel Swift as Desire.
C. Method of The Study.
To compose the thesis, the writer applied some necessary research procedures, which were divided into some steps. The first step was reading the novel itself, Swift as Desire, which was created by Laura Esquivel as the primary source. By reading and re-reading the novel, the writer came into formulated problems into questions. The second step was collecting in the data resources from the library. In this way, the writer collected the books that could support the analysis. The writer gathered some books about character, characterization, plot and theme. Knowing that Swift as Desire was the second novel created by Laura Esquivel after Water of Chocolate, the writer also collected some information from the internet. In this way, the writer could find some criticism about the novel and also further information about how the novel was created.
The third step was answering the questions in problem formulation by applying the formalistic approach, mainly about intrinsic elements in general. The writer analyzed how the main characters behavior was affect much with her past experiences which is her family background.
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter is intended to answer the questions that are stated in the problem formulation. It consists of three parts. The first part is the description of Jubilo Chi and Luz Maria using Murphy’s theory on character’s presentation and the writer will see the influential aspects from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Therefore that theory will be applied to help answering the second question of problem formulation. The way to analyze the second question the writer need theory of hierarchy of needs, theory of plot and theory of conflict. The last part will be analysis on the theme seen from the conflict.
A. The Characterization and Personality Needs of Jubilo Chi and Luz
Maria.
However, the discussion about the character here is more on character as personality. And the second part of analysis presents what kinds of personality that the main characters have and to know the aspects which influenced the personality of the main characters. Meanwhile, Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs is used to know how far human needs influence the personality. In general, human needs according to mallow are divided into five. They are physiological need including the survival and stimulation need, safety and security need, love and belonging need, esteem and self-esteem need, and the last self-actualization need. Each of them has its own role for the personality. Below the writer will present how Maslow’s hierarchy of needs influence the formation of Jubilo Chi and Luz Maria’s personality. Here the writer sees its influence from four aspects only, those are from the influence of physiological need up to esteem and self-esteem need, and because she finds out that those four aspects have a dominant influence in forming the main characters’ personality.
Firstly, the writer will give the presentation of Jubilo chi character and personality needs
1. Jubilo Chi’s Character and Personality Needs.
a. Jubilo’s character
Jubilo was a special human being. He had a way with words. He worked as an all important telegraph operator, long before E-mail was available.
Jubilo feels that money is never at all important in finding happiness. Jubilo uses his special talent to become a telegraph operator. He kept people, loved ones, and businesses abreast of all situations.
Everything was looking great! Since only he would know what was said to him in the messages that he was to transmit, he would be able to translate them in his own way! He could already see himself appeasing lovers, arranging weddings, and ending all kind of animosities. (Pg.24) Jubilo was a lover of life. Of the gifts nature provided and the gifts he was able to give back to his wife, his family and the world. It is his story from boyhood to his dying day that Ms. Esquivel delights us with. How this very special man, now blind, made communication an art, hearing things as imperceptible as the movement of a grain of sand, how he loved so deeply, and how he played the hand life dealt him, whether it be great triumphs, or huge losses.
He is very philosophical and every chapter starts out with how he currently feels and what nature aspects are forming his feelings.
Jubilo firmly believed that everything in the universe had a soul, that every single thing had feelings, thoughts-from the tiniest flower to the farthest galaxy. Everything had a particular way of vibrating and of saying, “here I am”. (Pg37-38)
The story is told from the eyes of Jubilo's daughter Lluvia. She is by the side of her once great father who is now blind and sick with Parkinson’s diseases. She tells the story from a very idealistic point of view
Lluvia, becomes his narrator in this novel. She told the life of her father by some question that’s comes to her mind. The past life of Jubilo, started when he was born until he died.
Lluvia tells of her father’s birth, how he came out laughing, and was born with the gift of bringing people together and constantly connecting them. Jubilo helps relate his Mayan grandma and Spanish mother by speaking to both effectively.
When Jubilo was born, he becomes a special gift that repaired his family relationship especially his mother and his grandmother. Jubilo grew in the mix of culture, Indian Mayan and Spanish.
But all changed after Jubilo was born. As she desired with all her soul to be near the baby, his grandmother began to visit her son’s house again, which had never happened with other grandchildren, as if she had no great interest in them. (Pg15)
The memory that Lluvia has about Jubilo, he is a strong man and an active person. A man who likes to often make joke, eat and serenade with his friends. Jubilo covered his pain with many things.
He is strange and enigmatic man who spent the greater part of his productive life in the company of the people with whom he worked…a man who so often had joked, eaten, danced, serenaded with these good friends, these people from who we, his children…Reyes, who had of my papa was of a strong man, active and in full use of all his faculties. (Pg.62-63)
Material in Jubilo’s mind does not mean anything. He was growing when the people around him free to show their love with express their feeling, and it’s far from such material things.
children. Despite having nothing more than the essentials, they were surrounded by love. (Pg.71)
Jubilo grew as a sensitive person and care about the people around him. He likes to share and help people who need to help. His hearts full with love. While trying to help a friend out, Jubilo cheated someone out by using his talent in a bet.
But that morning as soon as he saw Jesus walk in the door of the telegraph office, Jubilo knew something serious had happened. Jesus entered with his head hanging sad and distressed…timidly, Jubilo rescued a few form from disaster and moved them out of harm’s way while Jesus made several attempts to write a telegram that invariably ended up in the trash can. Wanting to help him, Jubilo spoke to the lovesick youth, little by little winning his confidence, until he finally got Jesus to confess his problem. (Pg.46-47)
Jubilo was so in tune with Jesus, pain that he felt in his own body the offense, the humiliation, the impotence. (Pg.48)
He waited impatiently until Saturday night, and went to the cantina. At eight o’clock sharp he made his appearance and immediately headed for Don Pedro’s table, prepared to bet an entire month’s salary and all of his saving. (Pg.49-50)
He won, and since he used his talent in a bad way, he lost his special ways. This is hard for him, but he makes it through. He and his wife are very much in love and nothing else matter when they are with each others, which is what, makes their relationship so strong.
Jubilo in some people’s mind becomes a wise figure. He was adviser of life. He has his own way to build people around him happy and confident. He builds good relationships with the people around him.
Aurorita, her father’s nurse, was also eager to learn: she didn’t want to be left behind. She had been don Jubilo’s nurse long enough to have formed a solid affectionate relationship with him. Over the years don Jubilo had become her close friends, her confidant, and her adviser. Thank to his wise advice, Aurorita had learned how to handle the crises in her marriage better, to laugh at her problems, and to look at life positively. She was so grateful to don Jubilo… (Pg.98-99)
The childhood and teen years of Jubilo are very typical but when he faces troubles with the love of his life, Lucha, later in their marriage, his multidimensional personality comes to light. However, after he becomes a drunk, he is instantly reinstated in the family. He and his wife remain living together simply for the sake of their daughter.
b. Jubilo’s personality needs
In this part the writer will also discuss the formation of the male main character’s personality from four aspects of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, those are from the influence of physiological needs, safety and security needs, love and belonging needs, and self-esteem needs. Below is the influence of each aspect:
1. The influence of physiological needs
go to work. Because they thought it will help their financial problems. Jubilo doesn’t think of any other condition as long as they can recover their economic condition. Lucha takes a job as secretary at the telegraph company where Jubilo works. Jubilo and Lucha find that this job rewards them in two ways. First, they can flirt with each other all day long and, at times, even engage in romantic intimacies.
Having his wife in the office was the best thing that could happened to him. With at his said, everything glowed. Jubilo and Lucha spent their happiest years there in the telegraph office. (Pg.122)
Second, the extra income helps Lucha to live with some of the luxuries she had become accustomed to in the home of her parents.
Lucha’s working helped the young couple enjoy several years of renewed passion. With money in her purse for stockings and dresses, she recovered her joy for life and it seemed as if all of her problems had vanished. (pg.123)
His materialistic character is formed because of his wife always asked him to treats her like when she in her parents before she got married.
2. The influence of safety and security needs
He was very good to her and gave her everything he could. It wasn’t much but he gave it with true love. She had to admit that he struggled to make her happy, and while she was with him she never missed her colonia, her friends, her parties, her record player, or her radio. (Pg.87)
Of course, this matter cannot be separated from the existence of money and of course his feeling to Luz Maria which he considers as a valuable things. He needs a trick to save his position as a husband and the solution is by pretending in front of his wife and his parents in law. Related to Maslow’s theory, this happens because he needs to feel safe from having things, his soul and his desire, Luz Maria.
He understood Lucha’s wanting to keep her job a few more weeks before her maternity leave, but the situation was very hard for him to bear. His male pride was hurt by his wife’s continuing to work… and to work with a sick man like Don Pedro! He couldn’t stop thinking about them being together. (Pg.145)
“It’s not that, Jubilo, but I don’t see the point of antagonizing him, after all he is my boss, isn’t he? I have to go back to working with him in few months and I want to be able to do that in peace.”(Pg159) 3. The influence of love and belonging needs
Jubilo feels that he belongs to the community he involved in now. When he met Luz Maria, he has wave in his life. Every thing was change when he met her. He falls in love with her since the first time he shake his hand with her.
Chuco introduced his new friends Luz Maria and Juan Lascurain to Jubilo. When he reached out to shake hands with the girl. Jubilo nearly doubled over from the pain in his stomach. The touch of her skin transformed him completely and took away his ability to sleep from that moment on. (Pg.77)
Jubilo is loyal man. Meaning to say, if he is already engaged his soul to Luz Maria. Jubilo stays for not leave his feeling to Luz Maria. He endeavors to keep her feeling. It is why he is tried to act in front of Luz Maria while Don Pedro nears her. He totally forgets about Luz Maria birthday, his jealousy made him forget about Luz Maria’s special day.
“I knew you hadn’t forgotten my birthday.”
Jubilo realized his oversight immediately. How could he have forgotten something like that?! Since Lucha was thirteen years old they had always celebrated her birthday together, so although he was in no mood for celebration, he made an effort to put aside his jealousy and his problems to fete his wife as she deserved. He took her to dinner at café Tacuba, and the meal turned out to be a powerful aphrodisiac. (pg.168)
Jubilo spontaneous reflection to acts like that proves that he is longing for real romantic love, a love which bound in a marriage. A romantic love which he wishes to appear between he and his wife not with the other aspect that can make them separated.
However, Jubilo intention to love Luz Maria, his wife, fullest way does not adequate with the attention his wife gave to him. This reality creates a full something that makes him depressed step by step. He feel little bit underestimated by Luz Maria.
He wasn’t in the habit of demonstrating his love that way. But Don Pedro was, and Lucha, who was so accustomed to receiving gifts on her birthday, couldn’t help feeling pleased when Don Pedro had given her the gift she had unwittingly helped to select. (pg166)
4. The influence of esteem and self-esteem needs
rooted on his feeling which is grateful feeling to Luz Maria because she can love and understanding him. Luz Maria already provides Jubilo a new life being together with him and leaves her luxury life from her parents.
Most people consider that reputation or prestige and status can increase the respectfulness from other people. However, this idea also arises in Jubilo’s mind. His willingness to gain a good reputation and to keep his wife, his part of his life encourages him fight with Don Pedro. Although Don Pedro is theirs boss.
Jubilo arrived in a fury and forcefully tore Don Pedro’s hand away.
“I don’t want you to ever put your hand on my wife again,” declared Jubilo.
“You are not in a position to give me orders,” retorted Don Pedro.
To which Jubilo responded by punching Don Pedro squarely in the face. It was powerful right hook, worthy of kid Azteca. (pg129)
He desires to be the only man in Luz Maria’s life and never let anyone into Luz Maria’s life although they are living in poor condition. Thus, his desires for his pride form him as an overprotective person. What he pursued is the respect from others though he must let his wife to be free to get her ambition. It does not matter for him as long as he can attain his pride.
2. Luz Maria Lascurain’s Character and Personality Needs
a. Luz Maria Lascurain’s character.
Luz Maria Lascurain, as the child of a well-off family, was accustomed to receiving all sorts of gifts and attentions. There was no toy Lucha couldn’t have, no dress she couldn’t wear, no food she couldn’t eat. She was the youngest in a family of fourteen children and, needless to say, the most spoiled. She had everything she needed within her reach, and one might say even more. (Pg.70)
Luz Maria has good education from her family. Her family treats her look likes princess.
Her parents had raised her to be a princess. She had attended a school for young ladies where she learned to speak English and French. She knew how to play the piano, embroider, and set a proper table. She had taken courses in gourmet cooking. (Pg 84-85)
Luz Maria becomes beautiful. She grew as modern woman and a woman who has full of good taste. She dressed like a movie star and drove her own automobile.
Luz Maria is feeling such passion for Jubilo that she decides to marry him so they can fulfill their desire. But married life isn't what she expected. They go through many trials and tribulations. And the special problem that she has to faces was the economic problems.
She realized a lot of other things were missing. She had never expected that being married would be so difficult, nor what it meant to be married to a poor man. (Pg.83)
For girl who grew up showered with indulgence and gravitation life with Jubilo was difficult to bear. Not because of any lack of love or attention from him, but because married life wasn’t what she had expected. Lucha had imagined that, like her mother, she would have servants who would take care of all the household chores so she could dedicate herself to playing the piano, entertaining her friends, and shopping. (Pg.84)
had to count every last centavo and to make the coins stretch as far as she could. (Pg.87)
Things aren't communicated and life is not as it seems. They have children and somewhere along the storyline. Lucha is upset that her life isn't fulfilled enough like when she was a little girl living with her parents and had everything she wanted. Luz Maria cannot live with their lack of money since she is so used to living amongst wealth.
Luz Maria or Lucha is described as "unconquerable." this title appropriate for her later in life as well. Luz Maria appreciates her husband's unusual gift for translation, but she appreciates in different meaning. She appreciates her husband talent when Jubilo shows her the way he moves his finger to satisfy her. Dealing with Don Pedro, she becomes weak because she wants to keep her jobs and they have financial problem. Because of that too she little bit did care about Jubilee’s feeling when she decide to keep her job as Don Pedro’s secretary.
Lucha was torn: she had no desire for this man to touch her, but she couldn’t think of a reason for denying him. (Pg.129)
Jubilo punching dons Pedro suddenly when he touching his wife’s stomach. After that he tries to convince Lucha to resign. But Lucha felt that it was better to calm down and to think things through clearly. They were in no position to be unemployed, especially if was to be both of them. (Pg.130)
Alone in the office, Lucha felt defenseless and vulnerable. But that didn’t mean she wanted to quit. She saw no need for it. (Pg.145)
So for the Lascurain family, money represented security, peace, and opportunities for the children’s education. With this background, it is understandable that to Lucha money seemed absolutely necessary, not only to live happily but also as a way of proving her love. She grew up observing how possessing capital ensured a family’s happiness. (Pg.71)
Most of all, she resented the lack of money. If she only had money, everything would be easy. She would be able to buy herself a few dresses and shawls that would be make her fell less out of place in the markets. (Pg.86)
Right now, this poor woman, with whom she completely identified, was suffering because of a lack of money, just as she had been at the market. She didn’t like experiencing poverty, being exposed to it. It made her feel vulnerable and helpless…world was made for the rich…being poor was horrible…communicating with loved ones means money. And when a woman depends on someone else to get money, she can’t make her own decisions. (Pg.93)
Jubilo and Luz Maria fall deeply in love and soon marry and, even though Mexican women of that era did not, as a general rule, work outside their home, Luz Maria or Lucha takes a job as a secretary at the telegraph company where Jubilo works
The extra income helps Luz Maria or Lucha to live with some of the luxuries she had become accustomed to in the home of her parents.
Lucha’s working helped the young couple enjoy several years of renewed passion. With money in her pursue for stockings and dresses, she recovered her joy for life and it seemed as if all of her problems had vanished. (Pg.123)
b. Luz Maria Lascurain’s personality
needs, and esteem and self-esteem needs to the formation of Luz Maria Lascurain’s personality.
1. The influence of physiological needs
When we look back to the story, Luz Maria or Lucha lives in affluence. She has everything she needs.
Luz Maria Lascurain, as the child of a well-off family, was accustomed to receiving all sorts of gifts and attentions. There was no toy Lucha couldn’t have, no dress she couldn’t wear, no food she couldn’t eat. She was the youngest in a family of fourteen children and, needless to say, the most spoiled. She had everything she needed within her reach, and one might say even more. (Pg.70)
In concrete, she does not have to be worried of being starved because with the wealth of her father she can choose whatever food she likes. The effect of the fulfillment of the need of food is that she has a healthy body which enables her to do many activities. Mentally, that fulfillment influences her bringing. She turns into a happy girl who always enjoys her activities and her acquaintance with others.
touching, or hearing something with sexual meaning will lead to sexual arousal. (Kalish,1973:39)
Luz Maria’s first experience with man outside makes her become a plain and naïve women. When she meets Jubilo she sees him as an attractive man who can arise her sexual attractiveness only by talking to him and getting close to him. Her first impression on him shapes her opinion that he must be a good guy or from wealthy family. Therefore, she thinks of him in a simple way. It is no need for her to be suspicious. It also happened when she agrees to marry Jubilo and convince her parents to receive him. She does not think deeper about the marriage because she wants to fulfill her desire. Lucha is feeling such passion for Jubilo that she decides to marry him so they can fulfill their desire. So marriage becomes her solution. Moreover, she feels that she suits with Jubilo.
Her passion was only going to grow stronger and she couldn’t bear it any longer. She was tired of resisting the call of desire. She managed to convince her parents that she was totally captivated by Jubilo and that it would be much better to allow her to marry him, in spite of the fact that at twenty-two he couldn’t offer her a very promising future. (Pg.82-83)
2. The influence of safety and security needs
Everyone needs to fell safe from such harm as meeting with physical violence, having things he values taken away, or losing the care of parents or other protectors. (Kalish,1973:43)
In the story, it is clearly shown how Luz Maria becomes dependent to her family. Luz Maria or Lucha, the female main character in the novel, is the youngest of fourteen children of Lascurain’s family. Her family treats her likes a princess and always give her what she wants. And the economic condition of her family can make her happy. Here we can see that the source of Luz Maria or Lucha’s happiness is luxury things.
Her parents had raised her to be a princess. She had attended a school for young ladies where she learned to speak English and French. She knew how to play the piano, embroider, and set a proper table. She had taken courses in gourmet cooking. (Pg 84-85)
Lucha had received a very specific education from her parents about money and how to use it. She knew very well what money could buy and she didn’t hesitate to spend it. That didn’t mean she was a compulsive spender. She simply knew that money, among other things, was important for sense of security. To feel one could live peacefully in a house that could withstand earthquakes, rain, and the cold. (Pg.179)
It is clear how Luz Maria is happy with her family. She tells about the way her family treats and educates her. Indirectly, she wants to show that her parents have such capability which makes her more and more happy of their facilities.
got what she wants, many luxuries things and never rejected, it cannot denied that she appreciate materiel more important than anything. And the most important thing is that she feels safe while she has money in her purse.
Everyone has her own way to defend her valuable thing, so does Lucha. She turns to be careful woman because she does not want to lose something which she considers valuable, that is her family and her luxuries. When she finds a situation that does not fit with her, she does not directly show her emotion. She will become calm, thinks it deeply, and before decides it. She, for instant, buries her emotion, she tries to convict herself first what she has to decide. Although her husband tries to convince her to resign but she prefer to keep her jobs for help their economic problems. With two children for Lucha is not easy to take care if only depend with Jubilo’s salary.
“It’s not that, Jubilo, but I don’t see the point of antagonizing him, after all he is my boss, isn’t he? I have to go back to working with him in few months and I want to be able to do that in peace.”(Pg159)
Even though she has been in the difficult situation by her husband and Don Pedro, she rejects to do a stupid things. She looks back to what they need to survive, their important things to do, taking care of two children needs a lot of things and it was not cheap. She sees her jobs as a helpless things and she feels how difficult and depressed to the situation created by her husband and don Pedro.
It can be concluded that Luz Maria’s avoidance to take Jubilo advice to leave her jobs is her way to save herself for losing the thing she considers worthy. It's also her trick to have better condition. So that she still has her jobs can gain her economic.
3. The influence of love and belonging needs
Luz Maria finally finds love. The love here is full of the desire, the love between a man and a woman who declare themselves as a lover. She finds a new thing in her life. Something she never gets while with her family. A feeling that she belongs to someone else. A fact that she accepts a man’s love outside her family makes her appreciates the experience finding a good guy besides her family because before meeting Jubilo, she lives in isolation. In the senses, that she was grow in her own world without having a responsibility to her surrounding.
considers there is no need to know further about the background of her lovers. Besides, she does not know how they will solve all the problems that they will get after marry. In this case, she is really innocent. Above all, she lacks of knowledge on Jubilo’s background. Her appreciation and love to him blinds her mind.
Luz Maria knows a little about Jubilo. She is even not aware of his condition. Luz Maria or Lucha lack of knowledge is shown by the some sentence. It is implicate that what Luz Maria knew is only about her present feelings.
She managed to convince her parents that she was totally captivated by Jubilo and that it would be much better to allow her to marry him, in spite of the fact that at twenty-two he couldn’t offer her a very promising future.
Her parents had warned her, but who listens to parents advice when one is in love/ no one. The time she spent in bed with Jubilo was wonderful. (Pg.82-83)
4. The influence of esteem and self-esteem needs
Even though she is tormented by her condition, Luz Maria remains emotionally stable. Most women will do unrealistic action when they are depressed. Luz Maria does not act like that. She is still rational. She does not follow her feeling to take revenge to Don Pedro or doing stupid thing. What Luz Maria does then finding the reason why she has to keep her jobs longer to her husband. Luz Maria clear minded brings her into a conclusion that it is herself who creates a situation which makes Jubilo and Don Pedro often fight. Thus, they are able to rebuild their situation. Luz Maria sees Don Pedro as an important person who has place in her office and she tries not to make many troubles with him.
B. The Development of Conflicts Revealed in the Story.
In order to find the development of the conflicts in the story, the writer prefers to find the plot first to get the point of the conflict easier and tries to find deep analyzed by divided the conflict into two kinds using Stanton’s theory with external and internal conflict then find the development of the conflicts.
1. Plot of the Story
a. Introduction
The novel of Swifts as Desire begin with the born of Jubilo Chi and it’s tell us that Jubilo has important meaning to bring a peace in his family. Especially to repair his mother, Dona Jesusa relationships with her mother in law, Dona Itzel, Jubilo’s grandmother. Dona Itzel is mother of Librado Chi, Jubilo’s father. Jubilo grow as a talented person, he has special gift to hearing and transmitting messages.
His life changes after he met Luz Maria Lascurain or Lucha. He falls in love with a beautiful girl from wealthy rich family.
Jubilo immediately though of the day he had first met Lucha. He was certain that his personal magnetite had been drawn into harmony with Lucha’s magnetic center and had tried to prevent disaster. It had tried to warn him that his life was in danger, or at least the life he had led until then; that from that moment on, his story would be divided into before knowing Lucha and after, because their meeting had changed his life forever. (Pg.79)
b. Complication
The relationships between Jubilo and Luz Maria or Lucha grows so fast, full with desire, although they are so opposite. Jubilo and Lucha have different social background. They have different ways to think about how to express their love and the mind of material.
But they have the same feeling about love and desire. They have the same passion and they know how to express their feeling with their own way. Until they decide to get marry.
that Luz Maria gets her first pregnancy. His life becomes more cheerful when Raul his first child come to the world.
But, for Luz Maria life looks so difficult after she got marry Jubilo and has a child. Everything changes, especially her social and economic lives. Having many problems make Luz Maria becomes more mature. She becomes stronger than what she thinks. Jubilo’s love and attention makes her stronger. Sometimes she complains about their financial life, but everything going better because they try to understand each others.
c. Conflict
The financial problems always become their main problems since they married. They start to fight for the first time also because of that too. Their first fight was about the money Jubilo won bet with Don Pedro. Don Pedro start becomes his enemy. Don Pedro always won and never lost something, but with Jubilo, it was become different case. He cannot underestimate Jubilo.
Marriage lives times pass so fast. Jubilo and Luz Maria life becomes more difficult. Although Jubilo has other job to supports their life, but it was not enough. Until they know that they will have the second baby. Then Luz Maria decides to get a job. Knowing that Luz Maria’s boss is Don Pedro makes their problems becomes more serious. Everything goes worse between Jubilo and Luz Maria.
d. Climax
One by one Jubilo and Luz Maria tries to solve their problems. But Don Pedro never stops to disturb Luz Maria. He tried to get many opportunities to be close with Luz Maria. Jubilo was really jealous and angry with that situation. The image of Don Pedro haunted Jubilo’s mind. He becomes more sensitive and difficult person.
Finally the big tragedy happens when Luz Maria came late and in Jubilo’s mind only the image of Don Pedro who always takes the advantages of Luz Maria.
Ramiro, the second children dies and it was because of Jubilo’s carelessness. That tragedy changes all dream about happiness and passion of love between Jubilo and Luz Maria or Lucha.
Jubilo awoke to Lucha’s screams. She had just arrived home, and before lying down to sleep beside her husband, she had leaned over to kiss her baby, only to find he was dead. Through his confusion and Lucha hysterical sobbing, Jubilo managed to ask:
“What happened?”
“Ramiro is dead!” (Pg.172) e. Resolution
After that incident, Jubilo and Luz Maria feel so far. Luz Maria was very shocked by that incident. She decides to get divorced from Jubilo.
Ramiro’s death represented the end of all she held dear in life: her family and her love for Jubilo. (Pg.185)
But something happens between them that the court pending their process to get divorces. Luz Maria got her third pregnancy.
They had never finalized the divorce, because the law prohibited it while lucha was pregnant. (Pg.193)
Jubilo and Luz Maria never get their divorces, until Jubilo die. They decide to raise their children together but their relation becomes so far. They stay in the same house only to raise the children as a complete parent, no passion anymore.
Jubilo called her Lluvia and swore he would never, ever be separated from her, no matter what. He wanted to be all ears to keep her safe, and he was ready to give her all the love he had inside him. He was eager to show his appreciation of each extra day of life he had been given. And so he did. Jubilo remained living under the same roof as Lucha until Lluvia got married. (Pg.195)
2. The Conflict Development from the Story.
In order to understand the conflict in the story, the writer obtains by using Redman’s theory that distinguished the conflict into two kind, they are external and internal conflict.
a. External conflict
