• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Peran Pers Islam Dalam Upaya Mendorong Proses Demokratisasi Di Indonesia

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Membagikan "Peran Pers Islam Dalam Upaya Mendorong Proses Demokratisasi Di Indonesia"

Copied!
22
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

3HUDQ 3HUV ,VODP GDODP 8SD\D 0HQGRURQJ

3URVHV 'HPRNUDWLVDVL GL ,QGRQHVLD

$OH[ 6REXU

$%675$.

3HUDQ SHUV GDODP PHQGRURQJ SURVHV GHPRNUDWLVDVL DGDODK KDO \DQJ PXWODN 1DPXQ SHUV ,QGRQHVLD WHUXWDPD SHUV ,VODP EDJDLPDQDSXQ GLKDUDSNDQ EHUSHUDQ OHELK DNWLI GDODP PHQGXGXNNDQ UHIRUPDVL GDODP PDNQDQ\D \DQJ WHSDW VDPELO WHWDS PHQFDWDW GDQ PHODSRUNDQ

VHMXPODK EDKD\D \DQJ ELVD PHPEHORNNDQ WUDQVLVL GHPRNUDVL \DQJ VHGDQJ EHUODQJVXQJ VHNDUDQJ LQL 1DPXQ LURQLVQ\D GL QHJDUD \DQJ SHQGXGXNQ\D PD\RULWDV ,VODP LQL MXVWUX PHGLD

SHUV OHELK EDQ\DN GLGRPLQDVL ROHK PHGLV SHUV QRQ ,VODP /DOX EDJDLPDQD SHUV ,VODP ELVD EHUSHUDQ GL GDODPQ\D" 'DODP NRQWHNV LQL NHKDGLUDQ SHUV ,VODP DWDX SHUV \DQJ ,VODPL \DQJ

PDMX GDQ EHUPXWX VHUWD EHUGD\D MDQJNDX OXDV PXWODN GLEXWXKNDQ DJDU LD ELVD EHUSHUDQ GDODP SURVHV GHPRNUDWLVDVL GL ,QGRQHVLD

+RUVW .RHKOHU 3UHVLGHQ .RUHD 6HODWDQ 5RK 0RR K\XQ GDQ 30 6LQJDSXUD %* /HH 6HODLQ LWX XFDSDQ VHODPDW MXJD GLVDPSDLNDQ 3UHVLGHQ 6ZLVV -RVHSK 'HLVV SHQMDEDW 30 %HODQGD *HUULW =DOP 30 0DOD\VLD $EGXOODK %DGDZL 30 7KDLODQG 7KDNVLQ 6KLQDZDWUD GDQ 3UHVLGHQ 7LPRU 7LPXU ;DQDQD *XVPDR .RPSDV 2NWREHU

7DPSDNQ\D VDODK VDWX LVX SDOLQJ SRSXOHU GL SHQJKXMXQJ DEDG NHGXDSXOXK GDQ GL DZDO PLOHQLXP NHWLJD LQL DGDODK VRDO GHPRNUDWLVDVL /LKDW VDMD PLVDOQ\D GL DQWDUD LQGLNDWRU SDOLQJ MHODV GDUL NHSRSXOHUDQ WHUVHEXW DGDODK EHUOLSDW JDQGDQ\D MXPODK QHJDUD \DQJ PHQJDQXW VLVWHP SHPHULQWDKDQ GHPRNUDWLV

6HMDN DQ EDQ\DN QHJDUD GL NDZDVDQ (URSD 6HODWDQ (URSD 7LPXU $IULND $PHULND /DWLQ GDQ $VLD PHQJDODPL SURVHV WUDQVLVL NH GHPRNUDVL 3HPHULQWDKDQ RWRULWHU \DQJ GLSUDNWLNNDQ GL NDZDVDQ WHUVHEXW VHMDN DNKLU DQ VDWX GHPL VDWX PXODL URQWRN 0HVNL WHUWDWLK WDWLK²EDKNDQ WHUDQFDP JDJDO 6SDQ\RO 3RUWXJDO <XQDQL %UD]LO $UJHQWLQD 8UXJXD\ %RVWZDQD $IULND 6HODWDQ 3RODQGLD +XQJDULD .RUHD 6HODWDQ 7DLZDQ )LOLSLQD 7KDLODQG GDQ DNKLUQ\D ,QGRQHVLD PHQ\DPEXW SURVHV WUDQVLVL GHQJDQ DQWXVLDVPH

3HQJDQWDU

³'XQLD 6DPEXW %DLN <XGKR\RQR ´ GHPLNLDQ EXQ\L VDODK VDWX MXGXO EHULWD.RPSDVHGLVL 5DEX

2NWREHU 6HPHQWDUD GL KDUL \DQJ VDPD

3LNLUDQ 5DN\DWSXQ PHQXOLV ³*HRUJH %XVK 3XML 6%< ´ 'XD NRUDQ LQL VHWLGDNQ\D PHZDNLOL ³VDPEXWDQ´ GXQLD WHUKDGDS NHEHUKDVLODQ SURVHV GHPRNUDWLVDVL GL ,QGRQHVLD

7DK DSDQ SHQ WLQJ DZDO GDU L SU RVHV SHPEDQJXQDQ GHPRNUDVL \DNQL SHQ\HOHQJJDUDDQ SHPLOLKDQ XPXP VHSHUWL GLWXOLV.RPSDVGDODP ³7DMXN 5HQFDQD´ Q\D WHODK NLWD ODNVDQDNDQ EHUVDPD VDPD VHFDUD EDLN %DKNDQ VDQJDW EDLN NDUHQD WLGDN DGD NHNHUDVDQ VDPD VHNDOL \DQJ PHZDUQDL VHKLQJJD WLGDN DGD VHWHWHV SXQ GDUDK \DQJ KDUXV PHQJDOLU .RPSDV 2NWREHU

0DND LWX WLGDNODK EHUOHELKDQ MLND XFDSDQ VHODPDW NHSDGD SUHVLGHQ WHUSLOLK 3HPLOX 6XVLOR %DPEDQJ <XGKR\RQR EHUPXQFXODQ GDUL VHMXPODK NHSDOD QHJDUD 0HUHND DQWDUD ODLQ 3UHVLGHQ &KLQD +X -LQWDR 3HUGDQD 0HQWHUL 30 'HQPDUN $QGHUV )RJK 5DVPXVVHQ 30 ,QJJULV 7RQ\ %ODLU GDQ 30 -HSDQJ -XQLFKLUR .RL]XPL

(2)

\DQJ SDWXW GLKDUJDL 6HMXPODK QHJDUD PHQJDODPL EHUEDJDL NHVXOLWDQ FXNXS PHQRQMRO GL GDODP SURVHV WHUVHEXW 1DPXQ DGD SXOD \DQJ EHUKDVLO²GDQ NLQL ELVD GLNDWHJRULNDQ NH GDODP QHJDUD GHPRNUDWLV \DQJ WHUNRQVROLGDVLNDQ NXDW GDQ VWDELO

.LQL WDN VDWX SXQ QHJDUD EHUDQL ³WDPSLO EHGD´ GHQJDQ²DWDX EHUSLNLU VHGLNLW DJDN NULWLV WHQWDQJ² GHPRNUDVL 2UDQJ EHJLWX WDNXW XQWXN GLELODQJ WLGDN GHPRNUDWLV 'DQ PDVLQJ PDVLQJ EHUORPED ZDODX FXPD SDGD WLQJNDWDQ UHWRULN XQWXN PHQ\HEXW SLKDNQ\D GHPRNUDWLV +DQ\D VHJHOLQWLU SHPLPSLQ DWDX JHUDNDQ SROLWLN \DQJ PHQJDNX VHEDJDL ³DQWL GHPRNUDVL´ %DKNDQ EHODNDQJDQ LQL GL %UD]LO NHWLND RUDQJ RU DQ J PHQ JXVXONDQ SHUOXQ \D VXDWX UHVWRUDVL NHUDMDDQ NDODQJDQ NHUDMDDQ VHQGLUL WLGDN PHQGXNXQJ VLVWHP NHUDMDDQ DEVROXW GHQJDQ KDN WDN WHUEDWDV 6HEDOLNQ\D NDODQJDQ NHUDMDDQ VHQGLUL PHQJXVXONDQ VXDWX ³VLVWHP NHUDMDDQ SUHVLGHQVLDO´ \DQJ VHUXSD GHQJDQ NHUDMDDQ 6SDQ\RO VHNDUDQJ 6LUU\ %DQ\DN RUDQJ VHSDNDW EDKZD SHUNHPEDQJDQ SROLWLN JOREDO \DQJ WHUSHQWLQJ SDGD DNKLU DEDG NHGXDSXOXK DGDODK PXQFXOQ\D JHUDNDQ SURGHPRNUDVL GL VHOXUXK EHODKDQ GXQLD GDQ NHEHUKDVLODQ JHUDNDQ LWX GL EDQ\DN QHJDUD

%HJLWX JHQFDUQ\D NDPSDQ\H LKZDO GHPRNUDVL EHUODQJVXQJ VHKLQJJD PXQFXO SDQGDQJDQ EDKZD VHOXUXK QHJDUD KDUXV GLNHOROD VHFDUD GHPRNUDWLV 'L VLWX DGD NHSHUFD\DDQ NXDW NHQGDWLSXQ PXQJNLQ WLGDN GLHODERUDVLNDQ GHQJDQ EDLN EDKZD GHPRNUDVL PHUXSDNDQ VHVXDWX \DQJ XQLYHUVDO EDLN SDGD WDWDUDQ LGH PDXSXQ DSOLNDVL

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

.DODX NHPXGLDQ GL WDKXQ ,QGRQHVLD WHUQ\DWD ELVD PHPEXNWLNDQ EDKZD QHJDUD \DQJ

PD\RULWDV EHUSHQGXGXN 0XVOLP LQL VDQJJXS PHQMDODQL SURVHV GHPRNUDWLVDVL PHODOXL SHPLOLKDQ SUHVLGHQ GDQ ZDNLO SUHVLGHQ VHFDUD ODQJVXQJ ROHK UDN\DW WDQSD SHUWXPSDKDQ GDUDK GDQ WDQSD JHMRODN \DQJ EHUDUWL EDUXODK PHUHND WHUNDJHW NDJHW ³.RN ELVD \D ´ PXQJNLQ EHJLWX SLNLU PHUHND 3DGD GDVDUQ\D PHPDQJ EDQ\DN RUDQJ \DQJ PHUDJXNDQ NHVHVXDLDQ ,VODP GHQJDQ GHPRNUDVL /DSRUDQ WHUEDUX \DQJ GLNHOXDUNDQ)UHHGRP +RXVH

'HVHPEHU VHSHUWL GLNXWLS (IIHQG\ PHQ\HEXWNDQ EDKZD GL DQWDUD QHJDUD QHJDUD \DQJ DGD GL GXQLD NDZDVDQ ,VODP WLGDN DGD \DQJ PDVXN GDODP NDWHJRUL GHPRNUDWLV GDODP ODSRUDQ GLWXOLV ³IUHH´ 3DOLQJ EDQWHU GL DQWDUD QHJDUD ,VODP DGD \DQJ PDVXN GDODP NDWHJRUL ³SDUWO\ IUHH ´ 'DODP NDWHJRUL LQL DQWDUD ODLQ GLVHEXW VHEXW %DQJODGHV ,QGRQHVLD -RUGDQ .XZDLW 0DURNR 7XUNL GDQ 0DOD\VLD 6HPHQWDUD $OMD]DLU 0HVLU /LEDQRQ 2PDQ 3DNLVWDQ 7XQLVLD 8QL (PLUDW $UDE <DPDQ %UXQHL ,UDQ 4DWDU %DKUDLQ $IJKDQLVWDQ ,UDN /\ELD $UDE 6DXGL 6XGDQ GDQ 6\ULD PDVXN GDODP NDWHJRUL ³QRW IUHH´ $UWLQ\D WLGDN GHPRNUDWLV

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

'L ,QGRQHVLD GHPRNUDWLVDVL VHWLGDNQ\D XQWXN VHPHQWDUD LQL GDWDQJ OHELK DZDO GDULSDGD GL .R UHD GDQ OHELK DZDO GDULSDGD UDPDODQ SDUD SHQJDPDW GDQ LOPXZDQ SROLWLN NLWD 3HPLOLKDQ XPXP \DQJ GHPRNUDWLV \DQJ GLMDQMLNDQ 3UHVLGHQ +DELELH

(3)

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

0DNQD 5HIRUPDVL 3HUDQDQ 3HUV

GDQ 3OXUDOLVDVL ,QIRUPDVL

6HMDN EHUDNKLUQ\D 2UGH %DUX PXODLODK WHUMDGL SHU XEDK DQ SHU XEDKDQ GU DPDWLV WHUPDVXN EHUDNKLUQ\D ³NHKDUXVDQ´ EDJL SHJDZDL QHJHUL VLSLO XQWXN PHQHJDNNDQ DVDV PRQROR\DOLWDV SDGD *RORQJDQ .DU\D EHUNHPEDQJQ\D NRPLWH \DQJ PHQJHOROD JHUDNDQ PDVVD SHPEHEDVDQ WDKDQDQ SROLWLN PHUHEDNQ\D NHEHEDVDQ SROLWLN GDQ EHUNHPEDQJQ\D NHEHEDVDQ SHUV VHFDUD OXDU ELDVD +DPSLU VHPXD HOHPHQ NHKLGXSDQ EHUEDQJVD GDQ EHUQHJDUD PHQJDODPL SHURPEDNDQ 'DODP WHUPLQRORJL XPXP SURVHV SHUNHPEDQJDQ LWXODK \DQJ ELDVD GLVHEXW ³UHIRUPDVL ´

-DGL UHIRUPDVL SDGD GDVDUQ\D PHUXSDNDQ SURVHV SHUXEDKDQ DWDX SHURPEDNDQ VLVWHP QLODL GDQ WDWDQDQ ODPD \DQJ GLDQJJDS NHOLUX 'DODP NHUDQJND LQL UHIRUPDVL VHEHWXOQ\D PHPLOLNL PDNQD KDNLNL \DQJ SRVLWLI 1DPXQ GDODP NRQWHNV WUDQVLVL GDUL RWRULWDULDQLVPH GL ,QGRQHVLD SHPDNQDDQ UHIRUPDVL VHPDFDP LWX PHVWL GLLPEXKL ROHK VHMXPODK FDWDWDQ NDNL )DWDK

3HUWDPD VXGDK WHUODPSDX ODPD VLVWHP SROLWLN WLGDN PHQ JDNRPRGDVL WXQ WXWDQ WXQ WXWDQ SHUXEDKDQ \DQJ VHEHWXOQ\D EHUNHPEDQJ GL WHQJDK PDV\DUDNDW .HGXD WHUODOX ODPD VHEHWXOQ\D VLVWHP SROLWLN 2UGH %DUX PHQLPEXQ PDVDODK WDQSD PHQFLFLO SHPHFDKDQ SHPHFDKDQ NRQNUHW $NLEDWQ\D NHWLND NHNXDVDDQ EHUJDQWL GDQ WXQWXWDQ UHIRUPDVL PHQJXDN \DQJ NHPXGLDQ WHUVHGLD DGDODK SHUVRDODQ VRVLDO SROLWLN \DQJ PHQJJXQXQJ 5HIRUPDVL SXQ EHUKDGDSDQ GHQJDQ VHUDQJNDLDQ

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

6HPHQMDN SHUJDQWLDQ SUHVLGHQ SDGD 0HL SHPHULQWDK WHODK PHQJHOXDUNDQ EHJLWX EDQ\DN 6XUDW ,]LQ 8VDKD 3HQHUELWDQ 3HUV 6,833 EDUX -XPODK PHGLD PDVVD PHQ JDODPL SHPEHQJNDNDQ VHFDUD VDQJDW FHSDW GDQ GUDPDWLV 5HIRUPDVL SXQ GLWDQGDL ROHK EHUNHPEDQJQ\D NHEHEDVDQ SHUV VHUWD SHQLQJNDWDQ ODOX OLQWDV LQIRUPDVL ,QIRUPDVL SXQ PHQJDODPL SHUDJDPDQ SOXUDOLVDVL .LQL WDN DGD ODJL VXPEHU LQIRUPDVL \DQJ FHQGHUXQJ WXQJJDO GDQ MHQLV LQIRUPDVL \DQJ FHQGHUXQJ VHUDJDP

%HJLWXODK PHPDQJ GL VDWX VLVL SOXUDOLVDVL LQIRUPDVL PHPLOLNL NHFHQGHUXQJDQ SRVLWLI QDPXQ WDN ELVD GLSXQJNLUL EDKZD SOXUDOLVDVL LQIRUPDVL MXJD PHQGDWDQJNDQ NHELQJXQJDQ GL WHQJDK PDV\DUDNDW

(4)

,QIRUPDVL \DQJ PHOXDS GDQ EHUDJDP MXVWUX PHQGDWDQJNDQ NHPXQJNLQDQ GLVWRUVL LQIRUPDVL DWDX GLVLQIRUPDVL \DQJ VDQJDW EHVDU 'DODP NHUDQJND LQL UHIRUPDVL GL ELGDQJ LQIRUPDVL VHPHVWLQ\D GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ PHQHJDNNDQ PHNDQLVPH EDUX EDJL SHUWDQJJXQJMDZDEDQ LQIRUPDVL .DUHQD LWX DGD EDLNQ\D ZDFDQD \DQJ EHUNHPEDQJ VHMDN ODPD²DJDU NLWD PHQGLULNDQ SHUDGLODQ SHUV²GLSHUWLPEDQJNDQ VHFDUD VDNVDPD VHEDJDL EDJLDQ SHPDNQDDQ UHIRUPDVL \DQJ WHSDW

)HQRPHQD 3HUV ,VODP

.HKDGLUDQ VXDWX SHUV ,VODP DWDX SHUV \DQJ ,VODPL \DQJ PDMX GDQ EHUPXWX VHUWD EHUGD\D MDQJNDX OXDV PXWODN GLSHUOXNDQ 1DPXQ GL VLQLODK LURQLVQ\D GL QHJDUD \DQJ SHQGXGXNQ\D PD\RULWDV ,VODP LQL MXVWUX PHGLD SHUV OHELK EDQ\DN GLGRPLQDVL ROHK NDXP QRQ 0XVOLP %HUEDJDL SHQHUELWDQ VXUDW NDEDU \DQJ PHPLOLNL WLUDV WHUEHVDU WDPSDNQ\D OHELK EDQ\DN GLPLOLNL NHORPSRN SHQHUELWDQ QRQ ,VODP

0HQJNDML IHQRPHQD SHQHUELWDQ SHUV ,VODP VHNDUDQJ WLGDN GDSDW GLOHSDVNDQ GDUL VXDWX NHQ\DWDDQ EDQJNLWQ\D SHUV 1DVUDQL \DQJ EHVDU GL OLQJNXQJDQ XPDW GDQ SHPEDFD NDODQJDQ ,VODP %DQ\DN SDNDU GDQ SHQJDPDW SHUV \DQJ WLGDN ELVD PHQJHUWL IHQRPHQD WDGL .DUHQD LWX DGD EHEHUDSD VWXGL GLODNXNDQ RUDQJ GDQ EDKNDQ VHRUDQJ SHQGHWD %HODQGD PHPEXDW GLVHUWDVL PHQJHQDL ³+DULDQ

.RPSDV VHEDJDL 6XUDW .DEDU .DWROLN 6HEXDK )HQRPHQD 3HUV GDODP 3OXUDOLVPH $JDPD GL ,QGR QHVLD´ $VVHJDII

.HPXQFXODQ SHUV 1DVUDQL WDGL WLGDN ELVD GLOHSDVNDQ GHQJDQ PDVD DNK LU 'HPRNUDVL 7HUSLPSLQ NHWLND 6RHNDUQR PHPEUHLGHO VXUDW NDEDU \DQ J SU R %36 %DGDQ 3HQ GXNXQ J 6RHNDUQRLVPH %HEHUDSD PLQJJX NHPXGLDQ 0HQWHUL 3HQHUDQJDQ $FKPDGL PHQJHOXDUNDQ SHUDWXUDQ WHQWDQJ L]LQ SHQHUELWDQ SHUV 3HUDWXUDQ WHUVHEXW PHQJDWXU EDKZD L]LQ WHUELW KDQ\D GLEHULNDQ NHSDGD VXUDW NDEDU \DQJ PHPSXQ\DL SHQGXNXQJ SDUWDL SROLWLN DWDX NHNXDWDQ VRVLDO \DQJ GLDNXL VDDW LWX

.HWLND LWXODK ODKLU VXUDW NDEDU.RPSDV\DQJ GLGXNXQJ ROHK 3DUWDL .DWROLN &LNDO EDNDO VXUDW NDEDU 6XDUD 3HPEDUXDQ MXJD ODKLU GHQJDQ

GXNXQJDQ GDUL 3DUWDL .ULVWHQ $VVHJDII .HGXD VXUDW NDEDU LQL EHUXQWXQJ SXOD PHQGDSDWNDQ WHQDJD WHQDJD SURIHVLRQDO \DQJ XPXPQ\D VXGDK EHUSHQJDODPDQ GL VXUDW NDEDU GDJDQJ NHORPSRN

.HQJ 3R GDQ 6LQSR \DQ J EHEHUDSD ZDNWX VHEHOXPQ\D GLWXWXS SHPHULQWDK

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

%HJLWXODK VHMDN VDDW LWX GL NDODQJDQ XPDW ,V ODP WHUDVD WLPEXO NHSHGLKDQ GDQ NHSULKDWLQDQ PHQ\DNVLNDQ SHUWXPEXKDQ SHUV 1DVUDQL \DQJ SHVDW GL WHQJDK SHPEDFD PD\RULWDV 0XVOLP \DQJ MXJD PHQJKLGXSLQ\D GHQJDQ EHUODQJJDQDQ 6XUDW NDEDU LQL NLDQ PDMX SHVDW MXVWUX GL VDDW NRUDQ NRUDQ ODLQ GLEHUDQJXV VHWHODK SHULVWLZD ³0DODUL´

$VVHJDII

.LQL SXQ NRQGLVL SHUV ,VODP VHDNDQ WLGDN MDXK EHUDQMDN GDUL ED\DQJ ED\DQJ NHVXOLWDQ GDQ WDQWDQJDQ PDVD ODOX 6HODLQ PDMDODK6DELOL VXOLW PHQFDUL SHUV \DQJ PHPDNDL ODEHO ,VODP PHQFDSDL WLUDV GL DWDV HNVHPSODU 0LVDOQ\D $GLO

KDQ\D ELVD WHUELW GHQJDQ WLUDV HNVHPSODU VHWLDS NDOL WHUELW *HPD ,VODP HNVHPSODU

6XDUD 0XKDPPDGL\DK HNVHPSODU

6DODP HNVHPSODU 3DQMLPDV

SDGD WDKXQ KDQ\D VDQJJXS PHQFDSDL DQJND WLUDV WHUWLQJJL HNVHPSODU -XQDHGKLH $QZDU .HQ\DWDDQ LQL VDQJDW EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQ JHQFDUQ\D LVX IHQRPHQD NHEDQJNLWDQ ,V ODP GL NDODQJDQ NDXP PXGD

0HVNLSXQ PDMDODK 6DELOL VXGDK PHQFDSDL HNVHPSODU QDPXQ KLQJJD EXODQ 0HL

(5)

LNODQ PHGLD ,VODP LQL KDQ\D PDPSX PHQ\HUDS LNODQ GDUL MXPODK KDODPDQ 3HUVHQWDVH LQL PHQXUXW $JXV 0XKDPPDG WHUJRORQJ NHFLO XQWXN RSODK6DELOLVHEHVDU LWX 0XKDPPDG

+DUXV GLDNXL VHMDN GXD GDVDZDUVD WHUDNKLU LQL EHUEDJDL DNWLYLWDV NHLVODPDQ \DQJ GLODNXNDQ GL NDODQJDQ NDPSXV PDXSXQ GL OHPEDJD OHPEDJD NHSHPXGDDQ ,VODP GDQ OHPEDJD OHPEDJD NHPDV\DUDNDWDQ ODLQQ\D WDPSLO DPDW PDUDN -XPODK PHVMLG EHUWDPEDK MXPODK FDORQ MDPDDK KDML PHQLQJNDW MXPODK ]DNDWLQIDT VDGDTDKFHQGHUXQJ PHQDLN %DQ\DN PDMHOLV WDNOLP EHUPXQFXODQ %DQ\DN OHPEDJD SHQGLGLNDQ GLGLULNDQ 3HVDQWUHQ EDUX EHUGLUL GL PDQD PDQD 3DUD XVWDG] NLDL GDQ

GD¶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³WHUVHRN VHRN´

.RQ VHS ³MXU Q DOLVPH OKHU´ $U VZHQGR PLVDOQ\D GDUL VHJL NRPHUVLDO VDQJDW EHUKDVLO 7DWNDOD0RQLWRUGLEUHLGHO SDGD 2NWREHU WLUDVQ\D PHQFDSDL HNVHPSODU 7HWDSL WDE ORLG LQL GLWXWXS EXNDQ NDUHQD NHJHPDUDQQ\D PHQJHNVSRV VHNV PHODLQNDQ NDUHQD PHPXDW KDVLO DQJNHW \DQJ GLEHUL QDPD ³,QL 'LD 7RNRK \DQJ 'LNDJXPL 3HPEDFD .LWD´ +DVLO DQJNHW LWX PHQFDQWXPNDQ QDPD 1DEL 0XKDPPDG VDZ SDGD XUXWDQ NH VHWLQJNDW GL EDZDK QDPD $UVZHQGR $WPRZLORWR $QJNHW LQL ROHK PDV\DUDNDW ,VODP GL ,Q GRQ HVLD GLQ LODL VDQ JDW PHQ JKLQ D GDQ PHUHQGDKNDQ 1DEL VHUWD PHOXNDL KDWL VHJHQDS XPDW ,VODP /HVPDQD

0HQXUXW -DODOXGGLQ 5DNKPDW NDVXV0RQLWRU

KDQ\DODK VDWX ODQJNDK GDUL VHMXPODK ODQJNDK XQWXN PHQGHVNUHGLWNDQ ,VODP GDQ XPDWQ\D 0XOD PXOD GLPDVXNNDQ MXUQDOLVPHOKHUGDQVHUUXQWXN PHUXVDN DNKODN NHPXGLDQ NHKLGXSDQ PHZDK GDQ JODPRXU XQWXN PHQLQJNDWNDQ SROD KLGXS NRQVXPWLI \DQJ PHQJK DQFXU NDQ HNRQ RPL GDQ DNK LUQ \D PHUHQ GDKNDQ 1DEL 0XKDPPDG VDZ XQWXN PHQJKDQFXUNDQ DNLGDK XPDW 5DNKPDW

0HQFHUPDWL IHQRPHQD LWX NHPXGLDQ PXQFXO SHUWDQ\DDQ PHQJDSD NRQGLVL VHSHUWL LQL ELVD WHUMDGL" $SDNDK SDUD SHPEDFD SRWHQVLDO PHGLD ,V ODP LWX \DQJ PHQXUXW KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ3DQ $VLD 5HVHDUFKSDGD WDKXQ +DPND XPXPQ\D DGDODK RUDQJ RUDQJ GHZDVD GDQ GHZDVD PXGD PHPDQJ NXUDQJ PLQDW EDFD" $WDXNDK NDUHQD SHUV \DQJ EHUODEHONDQ ³,VODP´ \DQJ DGD GLSDQGDQJ WLGDN DVSLUDWLI GDQ WLGDN SURIHVLRQDO" 3DGDKDO GDUL VHJL HNRQRPL GDQ SHQJKDVLODQQ\D SDQJVD SDVDU PHGLD ,VODP XPXPQ\D DGDODK PHUHND \DQJ WLQJNDW SHQJKDVLODQQ\D GDUL JRORQJDQ PHQHQJDK NH DWDV GDQ PHUHND GDUL VHJL NHDJDPDDQ PHUXSDNDQ NHORPSRN XPDW ,VODP \DQJ FXNXS WHUEXND GDQ GDSDW PHQHULPD XQVXU XQVXU DVLPLODWLI GDQ DNXOWXUDWLI GDODP NHKLGXSDQ EHUDJDPD EHUEDQJVD GDQ EHUQHJDUD /HELK MHODVQ\D SDQJVD SDVDU PHGLD ,V ODP EHUGDVDUNDQ KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ3DQ $VLD 5H

VHDUFK GDODP +DPND PHQXQMXNNDQ

NHORPSRN WHUEHVDU DGDODK SHJDZDL SHPHULQWDK GDQ VZDVWD WHPSDW NHGXD GLGXGXNL GDUL NDODQJDQ WRNRK WRNRK PDV\DUDNDW DWDX SDUD SHPLPSLQ QRQIRUPDO NDODQJDQ SHGDJDQJ GDQ SHWDQL NDXP LEX GDQ NDODQJDQ NDODQJDQ ODLQ %HUGDVDUNDQ VXUYHL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ PDMDODK

3DQML 0DV\DUDNDWWDKXQ SHQ\HEDUDQ GDQ MXPODK SHPEDFD GL LEXNRWD SURSLQVL VHSHUWL %DQGXQJ 6XUDED\D 0HGDQ %DQMDUPDVLQ GDQ 8MXQJ 3DQGDQJ OHELK EHVDU GDUL ,EXNRWD -DNDUWD *RORQJDQ SHPEDFD SHUV ,VODP NKXVXVQ\D

3DQMLPDV VHEDJLDQ EHVDU DGDODK JXUX JXUX DJDPD GDQ DNWLYLV RU JDQ LVDVL ,VODP SHQ JXU XV 0XKDPPDGL\DK 18 GDQ VHEDJDLQ\D .DUHQDQ\D DGD VHPHQWDUD RUDQJ \DQJ PHQJDWDNDQ SHUV ,VODP VHEDJDL SHUV GDHUDK 0HQXUXW 5XVMGL +DPND VHEDJDL SHUV GDHUDK LWX QLVFD\D EHVDU VHNDOL ULVLNRQ\D NDUHQD VXOLWQ\D SHQDJLKDQ GDUL SDUD DJHQ

(6)

GDQ ODQJJDQDQ VHUWD ODPDQ\D SHUHGDUDQ XDQJ +DPND

0HQFHUPDWL SHUVRDODQ \DQJ PHPEHOHQJJX SHUV ,VODP PHPDQJ LEDUDW OLQJNDUDQ VHWDQ \DQJ WLDGD KDELVQ\D $QWDUD VHEDE GDQ DNLEDW VHPXDQ\D EHUWDOL WHPDOL VHKLQJJD WDN DNDQ DGD XMXQJ GDQ SDQJNDOQ\D .RQGLVL WHUVHEXW VXGDK EHUODQJVXQJ ODPD PHVNL GDODP NRQGLVL 0XVOLP \DQJ PD\RULWDV GL ,QGRQHVLD

'DODP SDQGDQJDQ VHRUDQJ SDNDU NRPXQLNDVL GDUL %DQGXQJ 'HGG\ 0XO\DQD NRQGLVL SHUV ,V ODP \DQJ PHPSULKDWLQNDQ WHUNDLW HUDW GHQJDQ NRQGLVL XPDW ,VODP ,QGRQ HVLD \DQJ EHOXP PHQJDPDONDQ DMDUDQ DMDUDQ ,VODP VHFDUD EDLN 0DODK PHQXUXW JXUX EHVDU 3DVFDVDUMDQD GDQ )LNRP 8QSDG LQL NHKLGXSDQ XPDW ,VODP VXGDK GLUDVXNL QLODL QLODL %DUDW GDQ 0XVOLP GHQJDQ ³LNKODV´ PHQJDPDONDQQ\D &DUD FDUD KLGXS EXGD\D VHKDUL KDUL VDPSDL NHEXWXKDQ PHUXSDNDQ JD\D GDQ SHQJDUXK %DUDW VHKLQJJD NHWLND PHOLKDW SHUV ,VODP \DQJ PHQJXVXQJ QLODL QLODL LGHDO \DNQL PHPEXUQLNDQ GDQ PHQHJDNNDQ WDXKLG µDPDU PD¶UXI QDK\L PXQNDU GDQ PHQ\HMDKWHUDNDQ XPDW SHQ GXGXN PD\RU LWDV LQL DNDQ WHU DVD DVLQJ PHQJRQVXPVLQ\D

7HUNDLW SHUVRDODQ GL DWDV $% 6XVDQWR PHQJXQJNDSNDQ

6HVHRUDQJ KLGXS GL 0HGDQ QDPXQ JD\D KLGXS \DQJ GLSDNDL VHODOX GHQJDQ NHKLGXSDQ $PHULND 'LDOHN $PHULFDQ 6W\OH PDNDQ KDPEXUJHU PLQXP -DFN 'DQLHO MDNHW MHDQV GHQJDQ JDPEDU EHQGHUD $PHULND 2UDQJ WHUVHEXW MHODV KLGXS GL VHEXDK PHQDUD JDGLQJ DOLDV WLGDN PHPEXPL %LVD SXOD GLD WHUNHQD SHQ\DNLW 1DPD SHQ\DNLWQ\D NULVLV LGHQWLWDV

6XVDQWR

'DODP KDO PHQJRQVXPVL LQIRUPDVL SXQ VHSHUWL GLNDWDNDQ 0XO\DQD PDV\DUDNDW OHELK VHQDQJ PHQJRQVXPVL EHULWD EHULWD \DQJ VHVXDL GHQJDQ GHILQLVL EHULWD GDUL %DUDW <DNQL LI GRJ ELWHV D PDQ LV QRW QHZV EXW LI D PDQ ELWHV GRJ LV QHZV

NDODX DQMLQJ PHQJJLJLW PDQXVLD EXNDQODK EHULWD WDSL NDODX PDQXVLD PHQJJLJLW DQMLQJ DGDODK EHULWD -DGL NDWD 0XO\DQD EHULWD KDUXVODK PHQDULN SHUKDWLDQ VHKLQJJD \DQJ NHOXDU DGDODK EHULWD VHQVDVL VHNV NRQIOLN DWDX NULPLQDO -HQLV EHULWD LQL VXGDK SXOD GLSUDNWLNNDQ SHUV ,VODP PDXSXQ SHUV

EHUQXDQVD ,VODP 6HPXD NDODQJDQ EDLN PDV\DUDNDW PDXSXQ SHUV VXGDK WHUMHEDN SDGD SROD SROD SHPEHULWDDQ VHSHUWL LWX 0XO\DQD

³-LKDG 0HODZDQ .RPSORWDQ µ6\HWDQ¶ &DEXO´ DGDODK VHEXDK MXGXO EHVDU GL NXOLW PXND6DELOL

-XOL 'L EDZDKQ\D WHUWXOLV ³2YHUVHDV &KLQHVH GL %DOLN .HUXVXKDQ´ -XGXO MXGXO VHSHUWL LWX NHUDS WHUSDPSDQJ GL NXOLW PXND6DELOL ³+DPSLU WLDS HGLVL MXGXO6DELOLODQJVXQJ PHQ\HQWXK HPRVL SHPEDFD 'DODP VRDO NRQIOLN KRULVRQWDO \DQJ EHUQXDQVD VXNX DJDPD UDV GDQ DQWDUJRORQJDQ MXGXO \DQJ GLSDNDL

6DELOLOHELK NHUDV ODJL´ 0XKDPPDG

0LVDOQ\D ³$JDPD GL %DOLN .HEULQJDVDQ 3DVXNDQ 6DOLE´ DGDODK MXGXO EHVDU SDGD HGLVL )HEUXDUL 'L DWDV ORJR6DELOL WHUWXOLV ³3URI 'U 1XUFKROLVK 0DGMLG .DODX 'L]DOLPL .LWD %ROHK %DODV ´ OHQJNDS GHQJDQ IRWR 0DGMLG

$WPDNXVXPDK $VWUDDWPDGMD PDQWDQ .HWXD 'HZDQ 3HUV GDQ PDQWDQ ZDUWDZDQ ,QGRQHVLD 5D\D VHUWD VDODK VHRUDQJ ZDUWDZDQ VHQLRU ,QGR QHVLD \DQJ SDOLQJJHWROFHUDPDK VRDO HWLND SHUV PHQ\RGRN UHSXWDVL6DELOLNHWLND PHQJDWDNDQ6DELOL

VHEDJDL ³PHGLD SDPIOHW´ 0HQXUXW $VWUDDWPDGMD VHEXDK PHGLD GLVHEXW SDPIOHW ELOD JD\D SHQXOLVDQ GDQ JD\D SHQ\DMLDQ ODSRUDQQ\D WLGDN VHVXDL GHQJDQ VWDQGDU SURIHVLRQDO SHUV GDQ NRGH HWLN MXUQDOLVWLN 0HQXUXWQ\D SDOLQJ WLGDN DGD GXD V\DUDW \DQJ KDUXV GLSHQXKL DNXUDVL GDQIDLU 0XKDPPDG

3HUVRDODQ SHOLN ODLQ \DQJ EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQ SHUPDVDODKDQ SHQHUELWDQ SHUV ,VODP ELVD OHELK GLSHUSDQMDQJ ODJL 0LVDOQ\D KDUXV GLDNXL EDKZD GXNXQJDQ GDUL NDODQJDQ GXQLD XVDKD WHUKDGDS SHUV ,VODP WHUDVD PDVLK VDQJDW NXUDQJ %DPEDQJ 'ZL &DK\RQR GDUL.RPXQLND $GYHUWLVLQJPHOLKDW LNODQ

6DELOL\DQJ NHFLO ZDODXSXQ PHGLD ,VODP LQL VXGDK EHUWLUDV VHNLWDU HNVHPSODU DGDODK ULVLNR GDUL SLOLKDQ WRSLN \DQJ GLIRNXVNDQ SDGD WHPD \DQJ VDQJDWVHJPHQWHG 0HQXUXW %DPEDQJ DGD EDQ\DN PHGLD \DQJ PHPDQJ GLWXMXNDQ NHSDGD RUDQJ \DQJ SXQ\D FRQFHUQ WHUK DGDS VHJPHQ WHUWHQ WX PLVDOQ\D PDMDODK DUVLWHN RWRPRWLI DWDX SHUWDQLDQ \DQJ VHQJDMD PHQFLSWDNDQ VHJPHQ SHPEDFD \DQJ WHUEDWDV 0XKDPPDG

$GDODK VXDWX KDO \DQJ PXVWDKLO MLND DGD VHEXDK SHQHUELWDQ SHUV \DQJ WLGDN PHPEXWXKNDQ

(7)

LNODQ XQWXN NHODQJVXQJDQ KLGXSQ\D 'HQJDQ LNODQ \DQJ PDVLK PLQLP MXPODKQ\D VHUWD SHODQJJDQ \DQJ PDVLK VDQJDW WHUEDWDV PHPEXDW SHUV ,VODP VHSHUWL GDODP NDVXV 7DEORLG6DODP +LNPDK .LEODW 6XDUD 0DVMLG 0HGLD 'DNZDK WLGDN ELVD KLGXS VHFDUD ZDMDU 8QWXN NHODQJVXQJDQ SHQHUELWDQQ\D VDMD WDN MDUDQJ KDUXV NHPEDQJ NHPSLV 7HUOHELK ODJL MLND KDUXV EHUVDLQJ GHQJDQ VHMXPODK SHUV XPXP \DQJ GDUL VHJL SHUMDODQDQ KLGXSQ\D VDMD VXGDK DPDW PHUDVDNDQ SDKLW PDQLVQ\D PHQJHPXGLNDQ GXQLD SHQHUELWDQ SHUV

'LVHEDENDQ PLQLPQ\D GXNXQJDQ GDUL XPDW ,VODP VHQGLUL DNKLUQ\D SHUV ,VODP WDPSLO DSD DGDQ\D 3HUV ,VODP WLGDN PHPLOLNL ZDUWDZDQ DWDX UHSRUWHU \DQJ KDQGDO NDUHQD SDUD ZDUWDZDQ \DQJ KDQGDO GDQ SURIHVLRQDO SDGD XPXPQ\D PHQFDUL GDQ PHQJDEGL SDGD SHQHUELWDQ SHQHUELWDQ \DQJ GLDQJJDSQ\D VXGDK PDSDQ GDQ ELVD PHQMDPLQ NHEXWXKDQ PDWHUL \DQJ UHODWLI PHPXDVNDQ 3HUV ,VODP MXJD SDGD XPXPQ \D WLGDN PDPSX PHQ\HGLDNDQ DWDX PHPEHOL NHUWDV VHUWD DODW DODW FHWDN \DQJ UHODWLI OHELK EDLN GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ SHUV XPXP VHKLQJJD WDPSLODQ PXWX FHWDNQ\D WHUNHVDQ DSD DGDQ\D WHUNHVDQ DVDO ELVD WHUELW /LKDW VDMD PLVDOQ\D PDMDODK 6XDUD 0DVMLG 3DQML 0DV\DUDNDW 5LVDODK DWDX0HGLD 'D¶ZDK NHWLND PHGLD LQL WHUELW GL HUD DWDX DQ

0HQXUXW 'MD¶IDU $VVHJDII NHOHPDKDQ \DQJ WDPSDN GDODP SHUV ,VODP DGDODK VLNDS SDUWLVDQ \DQJ WLGDN PHPXQJNLQNDQ SDUD SURIHVLRQDO EHNHUMD VHFDUD SHQXK 6XDUGL 7DVULI DOPDUKXP EHUVDPD $EGXOODK 1DVLU GDQ 0DUD .DUPD VHEDJDL ZDUWDZDQ SURIHVLRQDO \DQJ PHPLPSLQ KDULDQ$EDGL

0DV\XPL KDQ\D PHQGDSDW NHSHUFD\DDQ GDUL WRNRK SLPSLQDQ SDUWDL 6HEDOLNQ\D SDGD MDMDUDQ UHGDNVL GDQ ZDUWDZDQQ\D WHUGDSDW RUDQJ RUDQJ \DQJ EHNHUMD NDUHQD ³GLGXGXNNDQ´ ROHK WRNRK WRNRK SDUWDL DWDX DQJJRWD '33 SDUWDL 0DV\XPL

$VVHJDII 'LNDWDNDQ

6HEDJDL ZDNLO SHPLPSLQ UHGDNVL KDULDQ $EDGL SHULRGH SHQHUELWDQ NHGXD GL ]DPDQ 3UDZRWR 0DQK NXQVDVPLWR VD\D SULEDGL PHQJDODPL PDVDODK NHWHUEDWDVDQ WHQDJD SURIHVLRQDO 6HODLQ + 6LGL 0RKG 6\DDI VHEDJDL SHPLPSLQ UHGDNVL \DQJ PHUXSDNDQ WHQDJD SURIHVLRQDO WHUGDSDW WHQDJD WHQ DJD GDUL NDODQJDQ QRQ

SURIHVLRQDO \DQJ GLUHNUXW NDUHQD GHNDW GHQJDQ EHEHUDSD WRNRK DWDX EHUDVDO GDUL RUJDQLVDVL \DQJ EHUQDXQJ GL EDZDK 0DV\XPL $VVHJDII

$NLEDWQ\D²GDQ LQL OHELK PHQJHQDVNDQ ODJL²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

.RQVSLUDVL ,QWHUQDVLRQDO GDQ 8SD\D

.DXP <DKXGL 0HQJXDVDL 0HGLD

3HUVRDODQ ODLQ DGDODK DGDQ\D NRQVSLUDVL SHUVHNRQJNRODQ LQWHUQDVLRQDO \DQJ GLUDVDNDQ NLDQ PHQFHNLN ,QL PLVDOQ\D GDSDW GLOLKDW GHQJDQ DGDQ\D MDULQJDQ LQIRUPDVL \DQJ NRNRK PHODOXL NDQWRU NDQWRU EHULWD \DQJ DGD GDQ XPXPQ\D GLPLOLNL ROHK %DUDW <DKXGL 6XPEHU EHULWD \DQJ DGD MXJD VDQJDW EHUJDQWXQJ GDUL SLKDN %DUDW 6XGDK EDUDQJ WHQWX GRPLQDVL LQL DNDQ WHUXV EHUODQJVXQJ

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

(8)

0F&DOO¶V GDQ )DPLO\ &LUFOH 3HPLOLNDQ RUDQJ <DKXGL DWDV PHGLD FHWDN WLGDN EHUKHQWL KDQ\D SDGD NRUDQ \DQJ EHUSHQJDUXK WHWDSL EDKNDQ VDPSDL NHSDGD NRUDQ NRUDQ NXQLQJ GL 1HZ <RUN VHSHUWL

7KH 'DLO\ 1HZV GDQ 7KH 1HZ <RUN 3RVW \DQJ GLPLOLNL VHRUDQJ PLO\DUGHU <DKXGL \DQJ MXJD SHQJHPEDQJUHDO HVWDWH 3HWHU .DOLNRZ .RUDQ7KH 9LOODJH 9RLFHMXJD PLOLN VHRUDQJ SHPRGDO <DKXGL EHUQDPD /HRQDUG 6WHUQ

0HQ\LQJJXQJ LKZDO SHQHUELWDQ PDMDODK SDGD GDVDUQ\D KDQ\D DGD WLJD PDMDODK \DQJ SDQWDV GLFDWDW GL $PHULND 6HULNDW 7LPH 1HZVZHHN GDQ

86 1HZV DQG :RUOG 5HSRUW 3HPLPSLQ HNVHNXWLI

7LPH :DUQHU &RUSRUDWLRQDGDODK 6WHYHQ - 5RVV GDQ RUDQJ LQL SXQ VHRUDQJ <DKXGL

'L GXQLD SHUEXNXDQ WHUGDSDW WLJD SHQHUELW EXNX NDOLEHU UDNVDVD 5DQGRP +RXVH 6LPRQ 6FKXVWHU GDQ7LPH ,QF %RRN &R .HVHPXDQ\D GLPLOLNL ROHK SHPRGDO <DKXGL 3HPLPSLQ HNVHNXWLI

6LPRQ 6FKXVWHU LDODK 5LFKDUG 6Q\GHU GDQ NHWXDQ\D -HUHP\ .DSODQ NHGXDQ\D RUDQJ <DKXGL

:HVWHUQ 3XEOLVKLQJDGD SDGD SHULQJNDW SDOLQJ DWDV \DQJ PHQHUELWNDQ EXNX EXNX XQWXN NDQDN NDQDN GHQJDQ SDQJVD SDVDU \DQJ GLNXDVDLQ\D GDUL SDQJVD SDVDU EXNX XQWXN NDQDN NDQDN \DQJ DGD GL GXQLD .HWXD VHNDOLJXV SHPLPSLQ HNVHVNXWLIQ\D LDODK 5LFKDUG %HUQVWHLQ VHRUDQJ <DKXGL

'L GXQLD PHGLD HOHNWURQLND GDQ KLEXUDQ NRQJORPHUDW PHGLD WHUEHVDU VDDW LQL DGDODK:DOW 'LVQH\ &RPSDQ\ GL PDQD SHPLPSLQ HNVHNXWLIQ\D 0LFKDHO (LVQHU MXJD <DKXGL .HUDMDDQ 'LVQH\ GLNHSDODL ROHK VHRUDQJ \DQJ ROHK VDODK VDWX DQDOLV PHGLD GLVHEXW VHEXW VHEDJDL ³WXNDQJ NRQWURO ´ WHUPDVXN EHEHUDSD SHUXVDKDDQ SURGXNVL 79 :DOW 'LVQH\ 7HOHYLVLRQ 7RXFKVWRQH 7HOHYLVLRQ %XHQD 9LVWD 7HOHYLVLRQ MDULQJDQ 79 NDEHOQ\D WHUPDVXN GL ,QGRQHVLD PHOLSXWL MXWD SHODQJJDQ GDQ GXD SHUXVDKDDQ \DQJ PHPSURGXNVL YLGHR 'DQ MDQJDQ OXSD SXOD GHQJDQ &11 VLDUDQ 79 SDOLQJ EHUSHQJDUXK GHQJDQ MDULQJDQQ\D \DQJ PHOLSXWL Q\DULV NH VHOXUXK MDJDW GLNXDVDL ROHK 7HG 7XUQHU \DQJ MXJD RUDQJ <DKXGL

6HODLQ LWX GXD SHUXVDKDDQ SURGXNVL ILOP WHUEHVDU GL GXQLD 0&$GDQ8QLYHUVDO 3LFWXUHV

GLPLOLNL ROHK VDWX SHUXVDKDDQ 6HDJUDP &R /WG

3HPLOLN6HDJUDPMXJD VHRUDQJ UDNVDVD SURGXVHQ

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

.DQWRU EHULWD WHUEHVDU GL GXQLD DGDODK5HXWHUV

.DQWRU EHULWD LQL GLGLULNDQ ROHK -XOLXV 5HXWHU² VHRUDQJ <DKXGL WXOHQ²SDGD 0 7KH 8QLWHG 3UHVV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 83, VDODK VDWX NDQWRU EHULWD EHVDU $PHULND 6HULNDW DGDODK KDVLO PHUJHU6FKULEV +RZDUG 8QLWHG 3UHVVGDQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 1HZV 6HUYLFH\DQJ GLGLULNDQ :LOOLDP +HUVHWW SDGD +HUVHWW EHULVWULNDQ ZDQLWD <DKXGL GDQ DWDV GXNXQJDQ ZDUJD <DKXGL $6 LD EHUKDVLO PHQMDGL NHSDOD QHJDUD EDJLDQ 1HZ<RUN /DQWDV GL 3UDQFLV VHRUDQJ ZDUJD <DKXGL PHQGLULNDQ NDQWRU EHULWD

+DYDV 3DGD NDQWRU EHULWD LQL EHUXEDK PHQMDGL NDQWRU EHULWD UHVPL 3UDQFLV 6DPDQWKR

.RORQLDOLVPH %DUDW DWDV 'XQLD ,VODP

%DQ\DN ZDUWDZDQ %DUDW \DQJ GLWHPSDWNDQ GL EHUEDJDL QHJHUL 0XVOLP EDLN VHEDJDL SHQXOLV OHSDV PDXSXQ VHEDJDL ZDNLO VXUDW NDEDU PHUHND 1DPXQ EDQ\DN VXUDW NDEDU GDQ NDQWRU EHULWD GL QHJHUL QHJHUL 0XVOLP WDN PHQMDGLNDQ PHGLD GXQLD 0XV OLP LQGHSHQGHQ 6XDWX SHQHOLWLDQ DWDV VXUDW NDEDU GDODP EDKDVD EDKDVD ,QJJULV $UDE 3HUVLD GDQ 8UGX PHQXQMXNNDQ OHELK GDUL SHUVHQ EHULWD WHQWDQJ GXQLD 0XVOLP EHUDVDO GDUL HPSDW .DQWRU %HULWD ,QWHUQDVLRQDO XWDPD $VVRFLDWHG 3UHVV $3

$JHQFH )UDQFH 3UHVVH $)3 8QLWHG 3UHVV ,QWHU QDWLRQDO 83, GDQ5HXWHUV 7HUEXNWL SXOD EDKZD

VXUDW NDEDU GDQ PDMDODK KDPSLU WDN SHUQDK PHPXDW DUWLNHO DWDX EHULWD WHQWDQJ %DUDW \DQJ GLWXOLV SDUD NRUHVSRQGHQ PHUHND VHQGLUL $EGXOODK

(9)

NDQWRU EHULWD DVLQJ LQL KDPSLU WLGDN PXQJNLQ PHQFDUL OLSXWDQ DOWHUQDWLI 3DQGDQJDQ SHULVWLZD SHULVWLZD GXQLD \DQJ GLWHULPD VHRUDQJ SHPEDFD WHQWDQJ QHJHUL QHJHUL 0XVOLP GDQ EDKNDQ WHQWDQJ QHJHULQ\D VHQGLUL SDGD GDVDUQ\D PHUXSDNDQ SDQGDQJDQ \DQJ GLVDMLNDQ NDQWRU NDQWRU EHULWD LQWHUQDVLRQDO $EGXOODK

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

3HPEHQWXNDQ RSLQL LQL GLFLSWDNDQ PHODOXL LPDJL %DUDW WHQWDQJ PDV\DUDNDW PDV\DUDNDW 0XVOLP ³)DQDWLN WLGDN NRPSHWHQ IXQGDPHQWDOLV ELDGDE RWRNUDWLV KDXV GDUDK ´ ,WXODK EHEHUDSD DWULEXW XQWXN PHQJJDPEDUNDQ NDXP 0XVOLPLQ GDQ PDV\DUDNDW PDV\DUDNDW 0XVOLP GL %DUDW 6DUGDU

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

0HQXUXW =LDXGGLQ 6DUGDU DGD VDWX DODVDQ VDQJDW NXDW NHQDSD NDXP 0XVOLPLQ WHODK PHQMDGL VDVDUDQ LPDJL LPDJL WHUGLVWRUVL WHUXV PHQHUXV LQL ,VODP DGDODK VDWX VDWXQ\D SHUDGDEDQ \DQJ WHODK PHQLPEXONDQ²GL PDVD ODOX GDQ NLUDQ\D GL PDVD GDWDQJ²VXDWX DQFDPDQ VHULXV EDJL GRPLQDVL LQWHOHNWXDO GDQ SROLWLV %DUDW 6HMDN NHGDWDQJDQ ,V ODP GDQ SHQ\HEDUDQQ\D \DQJ OXDU ELDVD KDPSLU VHODPD EHEHUDSD GHNDGH GDUL 0DURNR VDPSDL &LQD

,VODP WHODK GLSDQGDQJ ROHK %DU DW VHEDJDL SHUDGDEDQ GDQ NXOWXU ³ODLQ´ 6DUGDU

3DGD EDJLDQ ODLQ 6DUGDU PHQXOLV

,VODP WHODK PHQMDGL WUDXPD EDJL (URSD %DJL NDXP .ULVWHQ DEDG SHUWHQJDKDQ ,VODP LWX SUREOHPDWLV <DQJ SHUWDPD GDQ WHUXWDPD DGDODK VHEDJDL VXDWX SUREOHP EDJL ³WKHRGLVL´ PHPSHUWDKDQNDQ NHDGLODQ 7XKDQ GL KDGDSDQ HNVLVWHQVL NHMDKDWDQ .ULVWHQ 7XMXDQ DSD \DQJ KHQGDN GLFDSDL 0XKDPPDG NHWLND 7XKDQ VHQGLUL VXGDK PXQFXO GL PXND EXPL LQL" .HQDSD NHODKLUDQ VHRUDQJ 1DEL $UDE ODPD VHWHODK PDVD NHQDELDQ EHUSXQFDN SDGD SHQ\DOLEDQ GDQ NHEDQJNLWDQ NHPEDOL SXWUD 7XKDQ VHVXDL GHQJDQ UHQFDQD LODKL WHQWDQJ SHQ\HODPDWDQ" 3HUVRDODQ LQL PHQJJXVDUNDQ NDXP .ULVWHQ GDODP KXEXQJDQQ\D GHQJDQ ,VODP VHODPD OHELK WDKXQ 7HWDSL ,V ODP WLGDN VDMD PHQ LPEX ONDQ VXDWX SUREOHP NHDJDPDDQ .HNXDWDQ HPSLULXP ,VODP PHUXSDNDQ WDQWDQJDQ VHULXV EDJL NDXP .ULVWHQ +LQJJD DEDG NH (PSLULXP 8WVPDQL\DK GLSDQGDQJ ROHK RU DQJ RUDQJ (URSD VHEDJDL VHODOX PHPEDKD\DNDQ SHUDGDEDQ .ULVWHQ 'RPLQDVL LOPX GDQ SHQJHWDKXDQ ,VODP VHODPD GHODSDQ DEDG MHODV PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD ,VODP MXJD PHQLPEXONDQ VXDWX SUREOHPD LQ WHOHNWXDO 'DQ DNKLUQ\D VHFDUD LGHRORJLV ,VODP PHUXSDNDQ VXDWX SUREOHP SHQJXDVDDQQ\D DWDV SLNLUDQ EHUMXWD MXWD RUDQJ EDKNDQ NHEHUKDVLODQQ\D PHQJXEDK NH\DNLQDQ EHUMXWD MXWD RUDQJ .ULVWHQ WDN GDSDW GLPHQJHUWL ROHK NDXP .ULVWHQ 6DUGDU

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

-LND GLWHOXVXUL DNDU SHUVRDODQQ\D NLWD ELVD PHQHPXNDQ EDKZD DGD GXD NHNXDWDQ EHVDU \DQJ EHUWDUXQJ GL SDQJJXQJ SHPLNLUDQ ,VODPYHUVXV

VHNXODULVPH ,VODP DGDODK SHPLNLUDQ DVOL SULEXPL VHPHQWDUD VHNXODULVPH DGDODK SHQGDWDQJ GDQ

(10)

VHNDOLJXV SHQMDMDK NDUHQD GDWDQJ PHPDQJ EHUVDPDDQ GHQJDQ NRORQLDO 3HPLNLUDQ \DQJ PHODQGDVL SROD EHUSLNLU NDXP 0XVOLP VHKDUXVQ\D SHPLNLUDQ ,VODP \DQJ PHQJDFX NHSDGD $O 4XU¶DQ GDQ 6XQQDK 1DPXQ NHWLND %DUDW PHQMDMDK QHJHUL QHJHUL ,VODP PHUHND WXUXW PHQ\HEDUNDQ SDKDP VHNXODULVPH \DQJ PHUXSDNDQPDLQVWUHDPPHUHND %DUDW PHPSHUVLDSNDQ NDGHU NDGHU \DQJ DNDQ PHQHUXVNDQ SROD EHUSLNLU VHNXODULVWLV MLND PHUHND NHODN PHQLQJJDONDQ QHJHUL MDMDKDQQ\D 'L VLQLODK VHVXQJJXKQ\D DVDO PXOD SHUFRNRODQ LWX WHUMDGL

$UJXPHQ EDKZD NDXP 0XVOLPLQ WLGDN PHPSXQ\DL VXDUD \DQJ FXNXS NXDW GDODP PHGLD LQWHUQDVLRQDO WHODK EDQ\DN GLGLVNXVLNDQ GDODP EHUEDJDL VHPLQDU GDQ NRQIHUHQVL NRQIHUHQVL GXQLD \DQJ GLVHOHQJJDUDNDQ RUJDQLVDVL RUJDQLVDVL 0XV OLP $GD EDQ\DN NHOXKDQ EDKZD GXQLD %DUDW WDN PHODNXNDQ SHOLSXWDQ DWDV ,VODP GDQ 'XQLD 0XVOLP VHFDUD EHULPEDQJ GDQ PHPDGDL 6XGDK EDQ\DN SXOD GHVDNDQ EDKZD NDXP 0XVOLPLQ KDUXV PHQJHPEDQJNDQ PHGLD LQWHUQDVLRQDO PHUHND VHQGLUL

0LVDOQ\D VHVXDL GHQJDQ UHVROXVL UHVROXVL 0XNWDPDU 3HUVLDSDQ 3HUV ,VODP GL 6LSUXV SDGD EXODQ -XQL \DQJ DQWDUD ODLQ PHPXWXVNDQ PHPEHQWXN VHEXDK 6HNUHWDULDW -HQGHUDO 6HPHQWDUD XQWXN 3HUV ,VODP GL EDZDK QDXQJDQ 5DELWKDK $O $ODP GL NRWD 0DNNDK $O 0XNDUUDPDK VDODK VDWX WXJDVQ\D PHPSHUVLDSNDQ .RQSHUHQVL 3HUWDPD XQWXN 3HQHUDQJDQ ,VODP

0XNWDPDU 0HGLD 0DVVD ,VODP 3HUWDPD 6HGXQLD EHUODQJVXQJ GL -DNDUWD PXODL WDQJJDO VDPSDL WDQJJDO 6HSWHPEHU 1HJDUD QHJDUD SHVHUWD 0XNWDPDU LQL WHUGLUL DWDV QHJDUD GHQJDQ SHVHUWD \DQJ KDGLU VHEDQ\DN RUDQJ WRNRK WRNRK ZDUWDZDQ SHQXOLV SHQHUELW GDQ SHPLNLU SHPLNLU EHUDJDPD ,VODP GDUL EHUEDJDL QHJDUD GL VHOXUXK GXQLD %DGDQ /LWEDQJ 3HQHUDQJDQ 'HSSHQ 5,

0XNWDPDU WHODK PHQGXNXQJ GHQJDQ VXDUD EXODW NHUWDV NHUMD GDUL QHJDUD ,UDT \DQJ PHQ\DQJNXW VRDO VRDO EHULNXW

D 0HQ\RNRQ J SHUQ\DWDDQ ,UDT $UDE 6DXGL WHQWDQJ SHPERLNRWDQ SROLWLN GDQ HNRQRPL WHUKDGDS VHWLDS QHJDUD \DQJ PHPEXND NHGXWDDQQ\D GL NRWD %DLWXO 0DTGLV

E 0HPERQJNDU VHPXD WLQGDNDQ HNVLVWHQVL =LRQLV \DQJ PHQDQWDQJ SHUDVDDQ XPDW ,VODP GHQJDQ NHSXWXVDQ PHQMDGLNDQ %DLWXO 0DTGLV VHEDJDL ,EXNRWD $EDGL \DQJ GLSHUVDWXNDQ EDJL HNVLVWHQVL =LRQLV LWX

F 0HODZDQ GDQ PHQRODN VHPXD NHUMD WHNQLV DWDX SHQHUDQJDQ \DQJ PHPXVXKL ,V ODP GDQ PHPEXUXN EXUXNNDQ SULQVLS SULQVLS \DQJ WROHUDQ

G 0HQJDMDN QHJDUD QHJDUD ,VODP XQWXN PHPSHUNXDW NHUMDVDPD GL DQWDUD PHUHND GHPL PHPSHUWDKDQNDQ SULQVLS SULQVLS ,VODP GDQ WLGDN PHQJL]LQNDQ SLKDN PDQD SXQ PHQJDGDNDQ WDQWDQJDQ WHUKDGDS SHUDVDDQ NDXP 0XVOLPLQ

H 0HQJDMDN VHPXD QHJDUD ,VODP PHODOXL DSDUDW SHQHUDQJDQ GDQ NHEXGD\DDQQ\D XQWXN EHUGLUL PHQJKDGDSL VHPXD NDPSDQ\H SHQHUDQJDQ \DQJ EHUXVDKD PHQHQWDQJ EHUKDVLOQ\D QHJDUD QHJDUD ,V ODP PHQJXDVDL WHNQRORJL DWDX XQWXN WXMXDQ WXMXDQ GDPDL %DGDQ /LWEDQJ 'HSSHQ 5,

.HPXGLDQ VHWHODK PHPEDK DV GDQ PHPSHUGHEDWNDQ KDVLO KDVLO GDUL SHOEDJDL NRPLVL \DQJ PHUXSDNDQ UHNRPHQGDVL PDND WHUFDSDLODK NHSXWXVDQ NHSXWXVDQ GL EDZDK LQL %DGDQ /LWEDQJ 'HSSHQ 5,

D $JDU 8QLYHUVLWDV 8QLYHUVLWDV ,VODP PHQGLULNDQ EDJLDQ SXEOLVLVWLN XQWXN PHQJKDVLONDQ MXUQDOLV WHUODWLK GDQ EHUNXDOLILNDVL \DQJ PDPSX PHODNXNDQ VHPXD FDEDQJ SHQHUDQJDQ ,VODP GL VDPSLQJ PHQJDGDNDQ VHEXDK DNDGHPL XQWXN PHQJKDVLONDQ NDGHU NDGHU \DQJ EHUNHFDNDSDQ WLQJJL

E 0HQJJXQDNDQ SRWHQVL SRWHQVL 0XVOLPLQ GL EHUEDJDL ELGDQJ NHUMD SHQHUDQJDQ

F $JDU 5DELWKDK $ODP ,VODPL PHQJDGRSVL WXJDV PHQGLULNDQ SXVDW LQIRUPDVL XQWXN PHPEHUL EHNDO ELGDQJ SHQHUDQJDQ GHQJDQ LQIRUPDVL LQIRUPDVL RWHQWLN

G 0HQGRURQJ 6HNMHQ 2UJDQLVDVL QHJDUD QHJDUD ,V ODP XQWXN PHQJDNWLINDQ SHUDQDQ .DQWRU %HULWD ,VODP GL VHOXUXK GXQLD ,VODP GDODP ZDNWX VHFHSDW PXQJNLQ

H 'LVHUXNDQ .DQWRU .DQWRU %HULWD 'XQLD ,VODP XQWXN PHQ\LDUNDQ GDQ PHQRQMRONDQ SHQ\LDUDQ EHULWD EHULWD GXQLD ,VODP VHUWD PHPEHULNDQ SHUKDWLDQ VHSHQXKQ\D GDODP XVDKD LQL XQWXN PHPHFDKNDQ EHOHQJJX EORNDGH \DQJ KHQGDN GLSDNVDNDQ ROHK SUDVDUDQD PHGLD PDVVD \DQJ PHPXVXKL ,VODP

I 0HPSHODMDUL NHPXQJNLQDQ PHQGLULNDQ KDULDQ PDMDODK PLQJJXDQ GDQ EXODQDQ ,VODP GDODP

(11)

EHEHUDSD EDKDVD \DQJ WHUELW SDGD VDWX KDUL \DQJ VDPD GL ,EXNRWD LEXNRWD GXQLD LQWHUQDVLRQDO GDQ GXQLD ,VODP

J 0HPSHODMDUL NHPXQJNLQDQ GLEHQWXNQ\D VHEXDK OHPEDJD DWDX EHEHUDSD OHPEDJD LNODQ ,VODP XQWXN PHOLQGXQJL SHUV ,VODP GDUL WHNDQDQ WHNDQDQ SHUXVDKDDQ LNODQ DVLQJ

K 0HQJKLPEDX QHJDUD QHJDUD GDQ RUJDQLVDVL RUJDQLVDVL ,VODP XQWXN PHODUDQJ PDVXN GDQ EHUHGDUQ\D SHUV EXOHWLQ GDQ EXNX EXNX \DQJ PHPXVXKL JDJDVDQ JDJDVDQ GDQ SHPLNLUDQ ,VODP DWDX PHPSHQJDUXKL DTLGDK SHPXGD 0XVOLP -XJD XQWXN PHODUDQJ LNODQ LNODQ \DQJ PHPEHULNDQ GXNXQJDQ NRPHUVLDO WHQWDQJ VDUDQD PHGLD ,VODP \DQJ PHPXVXKL ,VODP

7HWDSL NHWLND ELFDUD VRDO WLQGDNDQ VHGLNLW VDMD \DQJ WHUGHQ JDU GDU L VHPLQ DU VHPLQ DU GDQ NRQIHUHQVL NRQIHUHQVL DWDX PXNWDPDU VHSHUWL LQL 0HUHND PHPDQJ PHQJXVXONDQ EDKZD NDXP 0XVOLPLQ KDUXV PHPLOLNL NRUDQ NRUDQ GDQ PDMDODK PDMDODK \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ VHEDJDL SHUMXDQJDQ ,V ODP 1DPXQ VHGLNLW XVXO VDMD WHQWDQJ SURJUDP \DQJ Q\DWD 7DPSDN EDKZD RUJDQLVDVL RUJDQLVDVL GDQ OHPEDJD OHPEDJD 0XVOLP EHOXP GDSDW PHUDQFDQJ NHELMDNVDQDDQ PHGLD \DQJ VHVXDL GHQJDQ LGHRORJL GDQ MXJD SURIHVL MXUQDOLV PHUHND $EGXOODK

/HSDV GDUL LWX WDPSDNQ\D NDXP 0XVOLPLQ WHODK PHPEHULNDQ UHDNVL \DQJ NHWHUODOXDQ DWDV SHOLSXWDQ ,VODP ROHK PHGLD %DUDW %HQDU EDKZD PHGLD %DUDW PHPDQJ EHUDW VHEHODK GDODP PHOLSXW ,VODP WHWDSL LD SXQ VHEHQDUQ\D MXJD EHUDW VHEHODK GDODP PHOLSXW VHPXD NHORPSRN GDQ LGHRORJL ODLQ

'DODP FRYHU VWRU\ NRQIOLN 0DOXNX \DQJ EHUMXGXO ³$JDPD GL %DOLN .HEHULQJDVDQ 3DVXNDQ 6DOLE´ PLVDOQ\D 6DELOLPHPSHUOLKDWNDQ MDOLQDQ HUDW DQWDUD LPSHULDOLVPH %DUDW GHQJDQ PRWLI SHQ\HEDUDQ DJDPD .ULVWHQ GL EXPL 1XVDQWDUD -DOLQDQ LQL PHPEHULNDQ ODQGDVDQ SHPEHQDU XQWXN PHPELQJNDL GDQ PHPSUDVDQJNDL NRQIOLN \DQJ WHUMDGL GL $PERQ GDQ NDVXV NDVXV GL ZLOD\DK 1XVDQWDUD ODLQQ\D VHEDJDL ³VHQWLPHQ DJDPD´ 6DELOLPHQXOLV

7LGDN VHSHUWL ,VODP DJDPD .DWROLN GDQ .ULVWHQ 3URWHVWDQ GDWDQJ NH 1XVDQWDUD OHZDW WDQJDQ WDQJDQ SHQMDMDK NRORQLDOLV 3HQMDMDK 6SDQ\RO GDQ 3RUWXJLV PHPEDZD GDQ PHQ\HEDUNDQ DJDPD .DWROLN VHGDQJNDQ SHQMDMDK %HODQGD PHPEDZD GDQ PHQ\HEDUNDQ .ULVWHQ 3URWHVWDQ %DLN .DWROLN

PDXSXQ .ULVWHQ 3URWHVWDQ PDVLQJ PDVLQJ PHPEDZD PLVL ³7LJD *´ \DNQL *ROG *ORU\ GDQ *RVSHO HPDV \DQJ PHODPEDQJNDQ NHND\DDQ NHNXDVDDQ SROLWLN GDQ NHMD\DDQ JHUHMD -LND GHPLNLDQ WLGDN VDODK MLND VXDUD UHNDPDQ NDVHW PLULS PLULS VXDUD 0D\MHQ 3XUQ 7KHR 6\DIHL \DQJ VHPSDW KHERK EHEHUDSD ZDNWX \DQ J ODOX PHQJDWDNDQ EDKZD VHMDUDK SHQ\HEDUDQ DJDPD .ULVWHQ PHPDQJ WLGDN EHUVLK GDUL GDUDK 6DELOL 1R 7K 9,, )HEUXDUL

0HPDVXNNDQ IDNWRU KXEXQJDQ VHMDUDK DQWDUDJDPD \DQJ PHOLSXWL 3HUDQJ 6DOLE GDQ LPSHULDOLVPH %DUDW .ULVWHQ ELVD PHQLPEXONDQ SHU WDQ\DDQ $SDNDK WLGDN WHU ODOX MDXK KXEXQJDQQ\D GHQJDQ DNDU VHEDE SUDVDQJND \DQJ PHZDUQDL KXEXQJDQ DQWDUDJDPD ,VODP GDQ .ULVWHQ"

3DGD GDVDUQ\D SUDVDQJND SUHMXGLFH DGDODK NRQVWUXN WHUSHQWLQJ EDJL LOPXZDQ VRVLDO XQWXN PHPDKDPL KXEXQJDQ DQWDU NHORPSRN HWQLV DJDPD UDV GDQ EXGD\D 7D\ORU 3RUWHU GDODP 6XGLE\R +DPDG 4RGDUL 1DPXQ VHMDXK LQL IHQRPHQD SUDVDQJND WHWDS WLGDN PXGDK GDQ VHGHUKDQD XQWXN GLMHODVNDQ

3HUKDWLNDQ SXOD FXSOLNDQ 0HGLD 'DNZDK

NHWLND PHQ\DMLNDQ NRQIOLN$PERQ GDQ 0DOXNX 8WDUD EHULNXW LQL

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

'DUL FXSOLNDQ GL DWDV 0HGLD 'DNZDK

PHQXQMXNNDQ NHKDGLUDQ SUDVDQJND GDQ VWHUHRWLS GDODP PHQXOLVNDQ EHULWDQ\D *HUDNDQ PDKDVLVZD \DQJ PDUDN GL PDVD SHPHULQWDKDQ 3UHVLGHQ +DELELH NKXVXVQ\D SDGD EXODQ 1RYHPEHU DGDODK LGHQWLN GHQJDQ JHUDNDQ PDKDVLVZD .ULVWHQ

(12)

GHPLNLDQ PHQXUXW EHULWD LWX 3DGDKDO GL DQWDUD \DQJ LNXW PHQGHPR +DELELH EDQ\DN VHNDOL PDKDVLVZD \DQJ MXJD EHUDJDPD ,VODP 'DODP SDUDJUDI LWX JHUDNDQ PDKDVLVZD .ULVWHQ GLJHQHUDOLVDVL VHEDJDL JHUDNDQ GHPRQVWUDQ UDGLNDO \DQJ PHQJJXQDNDQ EDVLV GL NDPSXV NDPSXV .ULVWHQ

6HPHQWDUD LWX VWXGL (GZDUG 6DLG PHQJHQDL SHQJJDPEDUDQ ,VODP GDODP SHUV %DUDW DGD MXJD UHOHYDQVLQ \D :DUJD QHJDUD $6 NHWXU XQDQ 3DOHVWLQD WHUVHEXW PHQJJDPEDUNDQ EDJDLPDQD SHODSRUDQ SHUV %DUDW WHQWDQJ GXQLD ,VODP NKXVXVQ\D GXQLD $UDE GLZDUQDL ROHK VXDWX ³SHQJHWDKXDQ RUWRGRNV´ WHQWDQJ ,VODP \DQJ WLGDN WHUJDQWXQJ GDUL GLQDPLND SDUD VXEMHN EHULWD \DQJ EHUYDULDVL LWX GDQ DSD NDWD PHUHND VHQGLUL PHODLQNDQ WHUJDQWXQJ GDUL ³NRPXQLWDV SHQDIVLU´ \DQJ WHUGLUL GDUL SDUD SHNHUMD PHGLD SDNDU SDNDU \DQJ PHQMDGL ODQJJDQDQ ZDZDQFDUD SHPHULQWDK QHJDUD QHJDUD %DUDW VHUWD SHUXVDKDDQ SHUXVDKDDQ %DUDW \DQJ EHUNLSUDK GL GXQLD $UDE $GLWMRQGUR GDODP 6XGLE\R +DPDG 4RGDUL

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

'DODP EXNX&RYHULQJ ,VODP (GZDUG 6DLG PHQJXQJNDSNDQ VHFDUD JDPEODQJ GDQ WHULQFL WHQWDQJ EHUEDJDL GLVWRUVL GDQ ELDV \DQJ GLODNXNDQ %DUDW WHUKDGDS ,VODP -DULQJDQ NDQWRU NDQWRU EHULWD %DUDW \DQJ PHQGXQLD LWX VHFDUD NRQVWDQ GDQ NRQWLQ\X PHQFLSWDNDQ GDQ PHQ\HEDUNDQ FLWUD \DQJ WLGDN EHQDU WHQWDQJ ,VODP

0HQ\DGDUL NHQ\DWDDQ LQL GDUL QHJDUD QHJDUD ,VODP \DQJ WHUJDEXQJ GDODP 2UJDQLVDVL .RQIHUHQVL ,VODP 2., PXQFXO LQLVLDWLI PHQGLULNDQ,QWHUQD

WLRQDO ,VODPLF 1HZV $JHQF\ ,,1$ \DQJ EHUSXVDW GL -HGGDK .DQWRU EHULWD LQWHUQDVLRQDO ,VODP LQL PXODL EHURSHUDVL SDGD 0HL SDGD VHWLDS KDUL LD PHQ\LDUNDQ EHULWD UDWD UDWD VHMXPODK NDWD DWDX VDPSDL LWHP EHULWD 6WDI WHWDSQ\D EHUMXPODK RUDQJ GHQJDQ DQJJDUDQ WDKXQDQ VHNLWDU MXWD 6HEDJDL SHUEDQGLQJDQ $VVRFLDWHG 3UHVV $3 NDQWRU EHULWD $PHULND PHPSXQ\DL ELUR OXDU QHJHUL GHQJDQ ZDUWDZDQ WHWDS \DQJ PHQJKDELVNDQ DQJJDUDQ MXWD SHU WDKXQ $3

PHQ\DPSDLNDQ SHOD\DQDQ WRSLN WRSLN XWDPD EHULWD GXQLD \DQJ EHUIOXNWXDVL DQWDUD VDPSDL

NDWD SHU KDUL DWDX DQWDUD VDPSDL PDFDP EHULWD VHWLDS KDUL $]UD

'HQJDQ PHOLKDW SHQJDODPDQ,,1$GDQ$3

WHUOLKDWODK NHSLQFDQJDQ SHQ\HEDUDQ LQIRUPDVL WHQWDQJ ,VODP GDQ PDV\DUDNDW 0XVOLP PHUXSDNDQ IDNWD VDQJDW ULLO 6HODLQ ,,1$ PHPDQJ WHUGDSDW NDQWRU NDQWRU EHULWD ,VODP EHUWDUDI LQWHUQDVLRQDO ODLQQ\D GLWDPEDK NDQWRU EHULWD QHJDUD QHJDUD ,V ODP VHQGLUL 1DPXQ VHEDJDL HNVSHULPHQ UHODWLI EDUX NDQWRU NDQ WRU EHULWD ,VODP LWX KDUXV EHUKDGDSDQ GHQJDQ MDULQJDQ NDQWRU EHULWD UDNVDVD \DQJ VDQJDW PDSDQ VHSHUWL$3 83, 8QLWHG 3UHVV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO $)3 $JHQFH )UDQFH 3UHVVH GDQ ODLQ ODLQ

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³3HUDQDQ 3HUV ,VODP GDODP 0HPEHQWXN 2SLQL 0DV\DUDNDW´ ROHK 6HQDW 0DKDVLVZD ),6,3 8QLYHUVLWDV 6XPDWHUD 8WDUD 868 \DQJ GLLNXWL ROHK UDWXVDQ PDKDVLVZD GDUL EHUEDJDL SHUJXUXDQ WLQJJL GL 0HGDQ 6HRUDQJ SHQJDPDW SHUV ,VODP 'DXG 5DV\LG 6LWRUXV SDGD NHVHPSDWDQ LWX PHQJHPXNDNDQ SURIHVLRQDOLVPH DGDODK NXQFL NHEHUKDVLODQ SHUV ,VODP .DODX WLGDN

(13)

GLGXNXQJ ROHK SURIHVLRQDOLVPH GDQ NHGDODPDQ SHPDKDPDQ DMDUDQ ,VODP SDUD SHQJHOROD OHPEDJD SHUV WHUVHEXW PDND NHEHUKDVLODQ SHUV ,VODP PHQMDODQNDQ PLVLQ\D VHEDJDL SHPEHQWXN RSLQL PDV\DUDNDW WLGDN DNDQ EHUMDODQ EDLN $QZDU

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

.ULWHULD XWDPD \DQJ PHPEHGDNDQ JRORQJDQ SURIHVLRQDO GDULHQWUHSUHQHXUVDGDODK SHUEHGDDQ QLODL 3DUD SURIHVLRQDO WLGDN PHOHWDNNDQ LPEDODQ PDWHUL SURILW RULHQWHG VHEDJDL WXMXDQ XWDPD VXQJJXKSXQ WHWDS PHQJDQJJDSQ\D VHEDJDL VHVXDWX \DQJ SHUOX 6HEDOLNQ\D SDUD SHQJXVDKD PHQ JDQJJDS PHQFDU L NHXQ WXQJDQ DGDODK WXMXDQQ\D 3DUVRQV GDODP +DP]DK

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

3DGD XPXPQ\D DGD OLPD NDWHJRUL \DQJ PHQXU XW SDUD VRVLRORJ WHU FDNXS ROHK

SURIHVLRQDOLVPH \DQJ GLVDUDQNDQ VHEDJDL VWUXNWXU VLNDS \DQJ GLSHUOXNDQ EDJL VHWLDS MHQLV SURIHVL

3URIHVLRQDO PHQJJXQDNDQ RUJDQLVDVL DWDX NHORPSRN SURIHVLRQDO VHEDJDL NHORPSRN UHIHUHQVL XWDPD 7XMXDQ WXMXDQ GDQ DVSLUDVL DVSLUDVL SURIHVLRQDO EXNDQODK GLSHUXQWXNNDQ EDJL VHRUDQJ PDMLNDQ DWDX VWDWXV ORNDO GDUL PDV\DUDNDW VHWHPSDW NHVHWLDDQQ\D DGDODK SDGD ELGDQJ WXJDV

3URIHVLRQDO PHOD\DQL PDV\DUDNDW 7XMXDQQ\D PHOD\DQL PDV\DUDNDW GHQJDQ EDLN ,D DOWUXLVWLN PHQJXWDPDNDQ NHSHQWLQJDQ XPXP

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

0HVNL GHPLNLDQ SURIHVL GLSDQGDQJ VHEDJDL IHQRPHQD UHODWLI WLGDN PXWODN 6XDWX SHNHUMDDQ GDSDW GLNDWDNDQ OHELK SURIHVLRQDO GDULSDGD SHNHUMDDQ ODLQQ\D NDUHQD PHPLOLNL XQVXU XQVXU SURIHVLRQDO \DQJ OHELK GDULSDGD SHNHUMDDQ ODLQQ\D 1LODL SHQGHNDWDQQ\D FLUL FLUL SVLNRORJLV VXDWX SURIHVLRQDO GLSLVDKNDQ GDUL VLIDW VLIDW VWUXNWXUDO GDQ RUJDQLVDVLRQDO SHNHUMDDQ LWX SHUL]LQDQ LMD]DK RUJDQLVDVL SURIHVLRQDO

(14)

NDQ SHUV ,VODP \DQJ EHUPXWX VHVXDL DVSLUDVL NKDOD\DN SHPEDFDQ\D \DQJ QRWDEHQHEHUDJDPD ,VODP WLGDNODK VHODOX EHUMDODQ PXOXV 6HMDUDK SHUNHPEDQJDQ SHUV ,VODP EDLN QDVLRQDO VHSHUWL

0HGDQ 3ULDML 'XWD 0DV\DUDNDW DWDX $EDGL

PDXSXQ LQWHUQDVLRQDO VHSHUWL,VODPLF :RUOG 5H YLHZ PHQFDWDW Q\DULV WLGDN DGD SHUV ,VODP \DQJ PDPSX EHUWDKDQ ODPD 0HQFDSDL XVLD VHSXOXK WDKXQDQ VXGDK GLDQJJDS SUHVWDVL JHPLODQJ 3DGDKDO NHWLND KDGLU GL WHQJDK SXEOLN SHUV ,VODP VHODOX PHQGDSDW VDPEXWDQ 3XEOLN PHPDQJ PHPEXWXKNDQ 1DPXQ NHWDKDQDQ GD\D KLGXS DSD SXQ ²DSDODJL SHQHUELWDQ SHUV \DQJ PHPEXWXKNDQ PRGDO EHVDU²WLGDN FXPD VHNDGDU GLEXWXKNDQ 3HUOX DGD NHSHGXOLDQ 7HUXWDPD SDGD ]DPDQ SHQXK SHUVDLQJDQ ELVQLV VHUWD PDWHUL PDQMDGL DFXDQ QRPRU VDWX

'XOX SHUV ,VODP SHUQDK PDPSX PHQ\HPDUDN NDQ GXQLD SHUV 6HEXW VDMD PLVDOQ\D KDULDQ$EDGL

RUJDQ 3DUWDL 0DV\XPL \DQJ VDQJDW EHUSHUDQ SDGD HUD PXOWLSDUWDL WDKXQ 0HQJDQGDONDQ IDQDWLVPH SHQGXNXQJ 0DV\XPL KDULDQ $EDGL

PHPLOLNL WLUDV FXNXS EHVDU OLKDW 7DEHO MDULQJDQ FXNXS OXDV GDQ LVL \DQJ EDJXV 3DUD SHQJHOROD

$EDGLPDPSX PHQJRODK PLVL GDQ YLVL ,VODP GDODP EHQWXN EHULWD GDQ DUWLNHO 7XOLVDQ WXOLVDQ EHUFRUDN SROLWLN GDODP $EDGLVHODOX GLSHUKLWXQJNDQ ROHK NDZDQ GDQ ODZDQ SROLWLN 0DV\XPL

1DPXQ VD\DQJ WDKXQ 0DV\XPL GLSDNVD EXEDU ROHK UH]LP 'HPRNUDVL 7HUSLPSLQ 2UGH /DPD %DUX PXQFXO ODJL SDGD HUD 2UGH %DUX 0DVLK PHQDPSLONDQ ³ZDWDN NHUDV´ 0DV\XPL ZDODXSXQ 0DV\XPL VHQGLUL VHEDJDL SDUWDL WLGDN GLL]LQNDQ KLGXS NHPEDOL

+DULDQ ,VODP$EDGLHUD 2UGH %DUX WHUKLWXQJ VLQJNDW 7HUELW WDKXQ GLEUHLGHO WDKXQ DNLEDW SHULVWLZD ³0DODUL´ 7XOLVDQ \DQJ FXNXS PHPLNDW GDODP$EDGLEDEDN NHGXD DGDODK SROHPLN WHQWDQJ GZLIXQJVL $%5, DQWDUD 0U 60 $PLQ GHQJDQ 0DEHV $%5, +DQNDP 7XOLVDQ 60 $PLQ \DQJ PHQJULWLN NHUDV GZLIXQJVL $%5, GLPXDW GDODP $EDGL 3LK DN +DQNDP 0DEHV $%5, PHQMDZDE PHODOXL KDULDQ%HULWD <XGKD 3ROHPLN DPDW EHUKDUJD LQL VHPSDW GLEXNXNDQ PHQMDGL

3ROHPLN GHQJDQ %HULWD <XGKD 8VHS 'L HUD SDVFD 2UGH %DUX VHNDUDQJ LQL $EDGLNHPEDOL WHUELW EHUXSD WDEORLG PLQJJXDQ GDQ PHQMDGL RUJDQ 3DUWDL %XODQ %LQWDQJ

6XUYHL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ /LWEDQJ 5HGDNVL

5HSXEOLND GHQJDQ 7KH $VLD )RXQGDWLRQ \DQJ GLODNXNDQ SDGD WDKXQ PHQHPXNDQ VHGLNLWQ\D SHUV ,VODP GL ,QGRQHVLD \DQJ WHUELW DQWDUD 6HFDUD VHGHUKDQD VXUYHL LQL PHUXPXVNDQ SHQJHUWLDQ SHUV ,VODP VHEDJDL ³SHUV \DQJ GDODP NHJLDWDQ MXUQDOLVWLNQ\D PHOD\DQL NHSHQWLQJDQ XPDW ,VODP EDLN \DQJ EHUXSD PDWHUL PLVDOQ\D NHSHQWLQJDQ SROLWLN PDXSXQ QLODL QLODL´ 3HUV ,VODP \DQJ GLVXUYHL GLEDWDVL SDGD PDMDODK DWDX VXUDW NDEDU \DQJ PHPLOLNL 6XUDW ,]LQ 7HUELW 6,7 GDQ DWDX 6XUDW ,]LQ 8VDKD 3HQHUELWDQ 3HUV 6,833 'HQJDQ SHQJHUWLDQ VHSHUWL LWX SHQHUELWDQ SHUV \DQJ WLGDN GLPLOLNL ROHK LQGLYLGX DWDX RUJDQLVDVL ,VODP WHUWHQWX GDSDW MXJD GLJRORQJNDQ VHEDJDL SHUV ,VODP VHMDXK LVL YLVL GDQ PLVLQ\D PHQ\HQWXK NHSHQWLQJDQ XPDW ,VODP 1DPD QDPD SHQHUELWDQ SHUV ,VODP VHUWD SHQHUELW SHPLOLN VHFDUD OHELK WHULQFL ELVD GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO

7UDGLVL SHUV \DQJ KLGXS VHMDN DZDO DEDG NH WLGDN PHPEHUL MDPLQDQ EDJL VDWX SXQ SHQHUELW SHUV ,VODP XQWXN PHQMDGL VHEXDK PHGLD EHVDU GDODP XVLD FXNXS SDQMDQJ +DULDQ3HOLWD\DQJ WHUELW VHMDN WDKXQ GDQ PHQMDGL DOWHUQDWLI NRUDQ ,VODP VHWHODK GLEUHLGHOQ\D K DULDQ $EDGL SHUQDK PHQFDSDL WLUDV GL DWDV HNVHPSODU SDGD NXUXQ ZDNWX DQWDUD GDQ 3HQFDSDLDQ WLUDV VHEHVDU LWX VHNDOLJXV PHPEXDW3HOLWD PHQJXNLU VHMDUDK VHEDJDL NRUDQ \DQJ SHUQDK PHQJDODKNDQ KDULDQ.RPSDV PHVNL KDQ\D XQWXN EHEHUDSD VDDW

(GZLQHW DO

.DODX VDMD3HOLWDWLGDN WHUXV PHQHUXV GLWHNDQ 7DEHO

7LUDV +DULDQ$EDGLGL $QWDUD (PSDW %HVDU 6XUDW .DEDU \DQJ 7HUELW GL -DNDUWD 7DKXQ 1DPD 6XUDW .DEDU $OLUDQ 7LUDV +DULDQ 5DN\DW 3HGRPDQ 6XOXK ,QGRQHVLD $EDGL 3., 36, 31, 0DV\XPL KDUL KDUL KDUL KDUL 6XPEHU 7ULEXDQD 6DLG <DVXR +DQD]DNL

(15)

GDQ WLGDN GLNRRSWDVL ROHK WRNRK WRNRK *RONDU VHFDUD SHUODKDQ ODKDQ VHMDN WDKXQ GDQ VHFDUD UHVPL WDKXQ DGD NHPXQJNLQDQ NRUDQ LQL DNDQ PHQMDGL NRUDQ EHVDU \DQJ EHUVDLQJ GHQJDQ

.RPSDV XQWXN ZDNWX \DQJ OHELK ODPD 7HWDSL NDUHQD EHUEDJDL EHQWXN WHNDQDQ SROLWLN PXODL GDUL SHPEUHLGHODQ VHFDUD EHUXODQJ XODQJ XSD\D XSD\D

SHUVXDVL WRNRK WRNRK 0XVOLP *RONDU KLQJJD VHQMDWD XQGDQJ XQGDQJ \DQJ PHQHNDQ GHQJDQ SHUV\DUDWDQ PRGDO 3HOLWD DNKLUQ\D PHQ\HUDK NHSDGD *RONDU 'DQ VHMDN MDWXK NH WDQJDQ SDUWDL SHQJXDVD ]DPDQ 2UGH %DUX LWX 3HOLWDSXQ PHQMDGL NRUDQ GHQJDQ LGHRORJL ³,VODP 3HPEDQJXQDQ´

(GZLQDW DO

7 DE HO 3 HQ HUE LWDQ 3 HUV ,VODP

1 R 1 D P D 3HQ H UE LW 3H P LOLN 6 .+ $ QJ NDWDQ % DUX 6 . ' X WD 0 DVMDUD NDW -DN DUWD 6 XDUD ,VODP 0 D MD OD K % XG L 0 D MD OD K * H P D ,V OD P 0 D MD OD K * DJ DVD Q 0 D MD OD K . LE ODW 0 D MD OD K 3DQG ML 0 D VMDUDN DW 0 D MD OD K 6HU L ' DN Z D K ,VOD P 0 D MD OD K 6 LQDU . HH P DVD Q 0 D MD OD K 5 LVD ODK 6 .+ ' X WD 0 D VMDUDN DW 6 HP D UDQJ 6 .0 $ G LO

6 .+ 0 HUWMX 6 XDU < R J \DND UWD 0 D MD OD K $ O ' MD P L¶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¶Z D K ,VOD P 7 KDULN DW ,VOD P

3HUVDWX DQ ,VOD P 3 HUV LV % D QG X QJ -D MDVD Q ' X WD 0 DVVD 1 D KG ODWX O 8 OD P D 37 $ G LO

-D MDVD Q 0 HUWMX 6X DU WMD ED QJ -R N MDN DUWD -D MDVD Q ' MD P L¶D K ³6 X QD Q . D OLMDJ D´ 33 0 X KD P P DG L\D K

-D MDVD Q . H VHG MD KWHUDDQ GD Q 3 HUEH QG D KDUDD Q % X UX K ,V OD P & D ED QJ % D QG D $ FH K 6WX G L . OX E ,VOD P ' D UX VVD OD P

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

(16)

3DWXW GLVD\DQJNDQ PHPDQJ 6HEDE SDGD DZDO WHUELWQ\D VXUDW NDEDU 3HOLWD PHQJHPXNDNDQ MDWLGLULQ\D VHEDJDL VXUDW NDEDU ,VODP 6HFDUD OHELK VSHVLILN GDODP SLNLUDQ PDV\DUDNDW 3HOLWD

GLWDXWNDQ GHQJDQ SDUWDL SROLWLN 333 =DPDQ EHUHGDU SLPSLQDQ GDQ NHSHPLOLNDQ 3HOLWDWXUXW EHUHGDU GDQ GLNHWDKXL VHEDJLDQ EHVDU SDUD SHPHJDQJ VDKDPQ\D RUDQJ RUDQJ GDUL *RONDU %HODNDQJDQ PXQJNLQ 3HOLWD PHQJDNX GLULQ\D VHEDJDL VXUDW NDEDU ,VODP WHWDSL NHPXGLDQ WLGDN EDQ\DN RUDQJ \DQJ SHUFD\D DNDQ KDO LWX 6HEDE SDUD SHQJHORODQ\D MXJD EHULWD EHULWDQ\D WLGDN ODJL PHUHSUHVHQWDVLNDQ DVSLUDVL NHSHQWLQJDQ ,VODP

0HUXPXVNDQ GDQ PHQMDEDUNDQ VRVRN SHUV ,VODP PHPDQJ VXOLW )HQRPHQD ODLQ \DQJ FXNXS PHQDULN DGDODK GHQ JDQ PXQFXOQ\D NRUDQ

5HSXEOLND +DULDQ LQL UHVPL WHUELW -DQXDUL PHUDPDLNDQ NKDVDQDK SHUV QDVLRQDO %HJLWX

5HSXEOLND \DQJ GLGXNXQJ ROHK ,&0, ,NDWDQ &HQGHNLDZDQ 0XVOLP ,QGRQHVLD LQL WHUELW WHUGHQJDU VXDUD VXDUD GDODP PDV\DUDNDW \DQJ EHUVXPEHU GDUL NDODQJDQ VXUDW NDEDU LWX VHQGLUL EDKZD 5HSXEOLNDEXNDQ NRUDQ ,&0, ,D DGDODK NRUDQ XPXP GDQ WLGDN VHFDUD NKXVXV PHPEDZDNDQ VXDUD JRORQJDQ ,VODP WHWDSL WHQWX GL GDODPQ\D WHWDS WHUFHUPLQ DVSLUDVL ,VODP

+DULDQ \DQJ GLMDQMLNDQ EXNDQ VHEDJDL NRUDQ DJDPD LWX PHUXSDNDQ KDULDQ XPXP \DQ J EHUZDZDVDQ NHEDQJVDDQ GHQJDQ QDIDV ,VODP GDQ EHURULHQWDVL ELVQLV 6HPHQWDUD QDPD5HSXEOLND

LWX VHQGLUL PHUXSDNDQ QDPD \DQJ GLEHULNDQ 3UHVLGHQ 6RHKDUWR NHWLND SHQJXUXV ,&0, 3XVDW PHQJKDGDS SHQJXDVD 2UGH %DUX WHUVHEXW 3DUQL +DGL \DQJ GLSHUFD\DL PHQMDGL 3HPLPSLQ 8PXP 3HPLPSLQ 5HGDNVL +DULDQ5HSXEOLNDNHWLND LWX GDODP MXPSD SHUV VHXVDL SHUHVPLDQ JHGXQJ NDQWRU

5HSXEOLNDGL -DNDUWD PHQDQGDVNDQ ³5HSXEOLND

GLWHUELWNDQ XQWXN PHQ\DOXUNDQ DVSLUDVL VHEDJLDQ EHVDU PDV\DUDNDW NKXVXVQ\D PDV\DUDNDW ODSLVDQ EDZDK´ 0HQXUXWQ\D KDULDQ LWX MXJD WHUEXND XQWXN GLNULWLN GDQ WHWDS PHQJNULWLN SHQJXDVD 6XDUD .DU\D -DQXDUL

:DODXSXQ ,&0, PHQMDGL VSRQVRU XWDPD SHQHUELWDQ5HSXEOLND PHQXUXW 3DUQL +DGL KDULDQ LWX WLGDN DNDQ PHQMDGL FRURQJ ,&0, PDXSXQ FRURQJ 3HPHULQWDK 5HSXEOLND DNDQ GLNHOROD

EHUGDVDUNDQ VHPDQJDW SURIHVLRQDO GDQ EXNDQ VHPDWD PDWD EHUGDVDUNDQ LNDWDQ SULPRUGLDO 0HQXUXWQ\D ³0HVNLSXQ NRUDQ LQL EHUQDIDVNDQ ,VODP NDPL VDPD VHNDOL WLGDN DNDQ PHQJDLWNDQQ\D GHQ JDQ XQ VXU SU LPRU GLDO NHLVODPDQ WDSL PHQJDQGDONDQQ\D NHSDGD XQVXU SURIHVLRQDO GDUL SDUD SHQJHORODQ\D VHUWDPDUNHW IRUFH NHNXDWDQ SDVDU ´ 3HOLWD -DQXDUL %HUELFDUD VRDO FLUL NKDV5HSXEOLND 3DUQL +DGL PHQJDWDNDQ NRUDQ LWX DNDQ VHODOX EHUXVDKD WDPSLO NKDV GDODP SHPLOLKDQ WRSLN 6HWHODK PHODNXNDQPDUNHWLQJ UHVHDUFKGDQ

UHDGHU UHVHDUFK 5HSXEOLND GDODP SHQHUELWDQ SHUGDQDQ\D WHUELW GHQJDQ WLUDV GHQJDQ NRQVHQWUDVL DZDO ZLOD\DK -DERWDEHN GDQ -DZD %DUDW

-LND NHPXGLDQ PLVL5HSXEOLNDGLOHWDNNDQ GDODP ,VODP NRVPRSROLWDQ VHSHUWL \DQJ GLXQJNDSNDQ +DLGDU %DJLU /DWLI GDQ 6XEDQG\ PDND GXD NHPXQJNLQDQ VHJHUD PHQJKDGDQJ GL GHSDQQ\D 6HPDNLQ PHQDPEDK MXPODK SHPEXNWLDQ WLGDN NUHGLEHOQ\D PHGLD PDVVD ,VODP DWDX PHQHJDVLNDQ VHPXD VWHU HRWLS PLQRU \DQ J GLDODPDWNDQ NHSDGDQ\D

6HRUDQJ HNRQRP VHSHUWL GLNXWLS WLP SHQHOLWL ³3HUV ,VODP GDQ 1HJDU D 2UGH %DU X´ \DQJ GLNRRUGLQLU 'RQQL (GZLQ GDODP5HSXEOLND $SULO SHUQDK PHQJNULWLN FDUD NHODKLUDQ5HSXEOLND

6HEDJDL OHPEDJD HNRQRPL PHQXUXW HNRQRP LWX NHODKLUDQ GDQ FDUD PHPEHVDUNDQ 5HSXEOLND

WHUPDVXN WLGDN ZDMDU NDUHQD DGD FDPSXU WDQJDQ QHJDUD GDODP SDQGDQJDQ WLP SHQHOLWL GDUL VXEVWDQVL NULWLNQ\D LQL VXGDK WHQWX GLD VHRUDQJ HNRQRP OLEHUDO \DQJ VDQJDW PHQJDJXQJNDQ KXNXP SDVDU 7HWDSL HNRQRP WHUVHEXW PHQXUXW (GZLQ GDQ NDZDQ NDZDQ WHQWX OXSD PHOLKDW GDUL ODWDU EHODNDQJ HNRQRPL SROLWLN NRUDQ LQL VHEDJDL OHPEDJD HNRQRPL VHEDJDLPDQD KDOQ\D NRSHUDVL XQLW GHVD DWDX NRSHUDVL SURGXVHQ EDWLN WUDGLVLRQDO GL ,QGR QHVLD SDGD PDVD 2UGH %DUX

.HEHUKDVLODQ5HSXEOLNDPHQJLVL NHNRVRQJDQ \DQJ GLWLQJJDONDQ PHGLD PHGLD PDVVD ,VODP VHEHOXPQ\D GLVXVXO GHQJDQ NHODKLUDQ PDMDODK

8PPDW GL DZDO WDKXQ 6HPDQJDW SHQGLUL

8PPDW LQL VHEHWXOQ\D KDPSLU VDPD GHQJDQ VHPDQJDW SDUD SHQGLUL5HSXEOLND 0DMDODK8PPDW

(17)

,VODP \DQJ VDGDU SROLWLN NDUHQD SDGD ZDNWX LWX WLGDN DGD PDMDODK \DQJ PHQJLVL VHJPHQ WHUVHEXW 7HWDSL NDUHQD MDUDN NHODKLUDQQ\D \DQJ EHUEHGD HPSDW WDKXQ GDUL NRUDQ 5HSXEOLND GDQ VHODPD NXUXQ ZDNWX WHUVHEXW MXJD WHODK WHUMDGL SHUNHPEDQJDQ SROLWLN \DQJ WLGDN ODJL SHUVLV VDPD GHQJDQ NHWLND

5HSXEOLNDGLODKLUNDQ 8PPDWWHUELW VHFDUD OHELK LQGHSHQGHQ GDQ GHQJDQ VHPDQJDW NHZLUDVZDVWDDQ PHVNLSXQ GDUL VHJL SHUKLWXQJDQ \DQJ WHUDNKLU LQL

8PPDW JDJDO KLQJJD EHUKHQWL WHUELW GL VDDW UHIRUPDVL SROLWLN EDUX GLPXODL WDKXQ

:DODXSXQ PDMDODK LQL DNKLUQ\D JDJDO NDUHQD UHVLVWHQVL SDVDU LNODQ ORQMDNDQ SUHVWDVLQ\D PHUDLK SHPEDFD SDWXW GLFDWDW 'DODP WHPSR XVLD NXUDQJ OHELK VDWX WDKXQ PHQXUXW GDWD6XUYH\ 5HVHDUFK ,QGRQHVLD PDMDODK LQL WHODK EHUDGD GL SHULQJNDW

GDUL VHJL MXPODK SHPEDFD GL DQWDUD PDMDODK PDMDODK EHULWD XPXP 3UHVWDVL LQL WHQWX MXJD PHQDULN MLND GLOLKDW GDUL VHJL PRGDO 6'0 Q\D \DQJ VHNLWDU SHUVHQQ\D DGDODK RUDQJ RUDQJ \DQJ PHPXODL NDULHU ZDUWDZDQ GDUL QRO (GZLQ HW DO

0DV\DUDNDW ,QGRQHVLD VHFDUD NHVHOXUXKDQ WLGDN EHOXP DNDQ PHQMDGL PDV\DUDNDW LQIRUPDVL VHFHSDW QHJDUD PDMX GL DZDO DEDG NH LQL 1DPXQ VHEDJLDQ PDV\DUDNDW SDGD VHJPHQ WHUWHQWX PHUXSDNDQ EDJLDQ GDUL PDV\DUDNDW LQGXVWUL JOR EDO GHQJDQ NHPDMXDQ HNRQRPL MXPODK JRORQJDQ LQL DNDQ PHPDGDL XQWXN PHQXQMDQJ EHEHUDSD SHQHUELWDQRQ OLQH PLVDOQ\D

1DPXQ VHLULQJ GHQJDQ NLDQ PHUDPEDKQ\D JOREDOLVDVL LQIRUPDVL GDQ NRPXQLNDVL WDPSDNQ\D WHUDVD JHWLU PHOLKDW OHPEDJD SHUV ,VODP GL ,QGRQH VLD GHZDVD LQL $SDODJL ELOD PHOLKDW SHUXEDKDQ SHUXEDKDQ JOREDO \DQJ GDSDW PHQJXEDK VDPD VHNDOL JD\D KLGXS OLIH VW\OH PDV\DUDNDW ,VODP

+DPSLU VHOXUXK VXGXW GDQ SHORVRN KXQLDQ XPDW ,VODP NLQL WDPSDN EHUXEDK VHKLQJJD GHQJDQ FHSDW PDV\DUDNDW ,VODP PHQMDGL PDV\DUDNDW ³ODD GLQL\DK´ \DQJ PHPELDUNDQ KLGXS PHUHND GDODP GHNDSDQ VHNXODULVPH 6HQ GL VHQ GL GDVDU PDV\DUDNDW ,VODP \DLWX ³NHOXDU JD´ WHODK GLKDQFXUNDQ PHODOXL PHGLD PDVVD WHUPDVXN OHPEDJD SHUV \DQJ DGD EDLN PHODOXL MDULQJDQ SHPEHULWDDQ PHUHND PDXSXQ JDPEDU JDPEDU \DQJ PHUHND PXDW

'L WHQJDK WHQJDK VXDVDQD VHSHUWL LQL SHUV

,VODP EDJDL WDN ELVD EHUNXWLN GDODP PHQJKDGDSL HUD LQIRUPDVL \DQJ VHVXQJJXKQ\D PHUXSDNDQ ³LQYDVL´ NHEXGD\DDQ \DQJ GLODNXNDQ %DUDW WHUKDGDS GXQLD ,VODP 0DVLKNDK SHUV ,VODP PHPSXQ \DL KDU DSDQ XQWXN EHU NHPEDQ J" %DJDLPDQD VHVXQJJXKQ\D ZDMDK SHUV ,VODP NLWD VHNDUDQJ"

<DQJ MHODV VHSHUWL GLNDWDNDQ $EGHOZDKDE HO

$IIHQG\ VHSDQMDQJ DQ GDQ DQ

QDODU NULWLV GL 'XQLD ,VODP WHODK WHUSDVXQJ ,QL DQWDUD ODLQ NDUHQD GLEXQJNDPQ\D PHGLD PHGLD PDVVD \DQJ NULWLV 'RURQJDQ NH DUDK SHUGHEDWDQ EHEDV SXSXV 'DODP SDQGDQJDQ HO $IIHQG\ SDUD SHQJXDVD RWRULWHU GL GXQLD ,VODP EHUXSD\D PHPSHUWDKDQNDQ PRQRSROL PHGLD GL QHJHUL VHQGLUL GDQ PHQJNRRSWDVL SHUV OXDU QHJHUL VHEDJDL EDJLDQ GDUL XVDKD VLQLV PHPSHUWDKDQNDQ NHNXDVDDQ

3DQGDQJDQ EDKZD PHGLD GL 'XQLD 0XVOLP WLGDN EHUMDODQ VHVXDL GHQJDQ KDUDSDQ KDUDSDQ PHPDQJ VXGDK XPXP GLNHPXNDNDQ 1DPXQ \DQJ ELDVDQ\D GLSDQGDQJ ELDQJ NHODGLQ\D FXOSULW DGDODK KHJHPRQL %DUDW WHUXWDPD $PHULND 6HULNDW GDODP ELGDQJ NRPXQLNDVL LQWHUQDVLRQDO 0DVDODK WHUVHEXW PHQMDGL WHPD SHUGHEDWDQ SHUGHEDWDQ LQWHQVLI SDGD DQ GDQ DQ NKXVXVQ\D GDODP 81(6&2 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 6RFLDO DQG &XO WXUDO 2UJDQL]DWLRQ GL PDQD NDPSDQ\H VHQJLW DWDV QDPD 1:,&2 1HZ :RUOG ,QIRUPDWLRQ DQG &RP PXQLFDWLRQ DNKLUQ\D JDJDO

%HUEDJDL 3DQGDQJDQ WHQWDQJ

3HUV ,VODP

$SDNDK \DQJ GLVHEXW VHEDJDL SHUV ,VODP LWX" +DUXVNDK LD PHPXDW GDQ EHULVL D\DW D\DW VXFL $O 4XU¶DQ GDQ +DGLWV 1DEL"$GDNDK LD VHPDFDP VXUDW NDEDU WDEORLG DWDX PDMDODK \DQJ PHQXOLV QDVLKDW GDQ IDWZD SDUD XODPD" $SDNDK \DQJ GLVHEXW SHUV ,VODP LWX SHUV \DQJ PHPXDW JDPEDU GDQ ZDZDQFDUD SDUD NLDL GL SRQGRN SRQGRN SHVDQWUHQ VHUWD KDQ\D PHPEHULWDNDQ VHJDOD DNWLYLWDV XPDW ,VODP VDMD WHUXWDPD \DQJ EDLN EDLN" $WDXNDK SHUV ,VODP LWX \DQJ PXQJNLQ WDQSD DWDX VHGLNLW D\DW QDPXQ VDUDW LQIRUPDVL \DQJ EHUPDQIDDW EDJL XPDW"

3DUD SDNDU NRPXQLNDVL DNDGHPLVL MXUQDOLVWLN GDQ SUDNWLVL SHUV VXGDK VHMDN ODPD PHQFRED

(18)

PHPEHULNDQ UXPXVDQ SHQJHUWLDQ EDWDVDQ GHILQLVL DWDX IRUPXODVL WHQWDQJ SHUV ,VODP LQL EHUGDVDUNDQ PDVLQJ PDVLQJ VXGXW SDQGDQJ GDQ SHUVHSVL =DLP 8FKURZL PLVDOQ\D PHQ\HEXWNDQ VHFDUD JDULV EHVDU SHUV ,VODP WHUSHFDK PHQMDGL GXD SDQGDQJDQ 3DQGDQJDQSHUWDPDDGDODK SHUV \DQJ PHQ\DWDNDQ GLULQ\D ,VODP GDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ DWULEXW DWULEXW IRU PDO ,VODP ³6RDO DSDNDK LVL NHUHGDNVLDQ PDXSXQ PDQDMHPHQ WLGDN PHQMDODQNDQ SULQVLS SULQVLS ,V ODP DGDODK VRDO ODLQ ´ NDWDQ\D <DQJ NHGXD

EHUSDQGDQJDQ EDKZD \DQJ WHUSHQWLQJ DGDODK EHUNHPEDQ JQ\D QLODL Q LODL ,VODP %XNDQ EHUNLEDUQ\D EHQGHUD 3DQGDQJDQ NHGXD LQL PHOLKDW EDKZD ,VODP DGDODK XQLYHUVDO $UWLQ\D QLODL QLODL ,VODP SDVWL PHPEDZD NHEDLNDQ ELOD GLODNVDQDNDQ GDODP NHKLGXSDQ 2OHK VLDSD SXQ ³:DODXSXQ ROHK PHUHND \DQJ QRQPXVOLP ´ 0DND NDWD =DLP SULQVLS SULQVLS NHDGLODQ NHMXMXUDQ NHEHQDUDQ PHQMDGL ODQGDVDQ XWDPDQ\D 0XKDPPDG

6HPHQWDUD LWX ³0XNWDPDU 0HGLD 0DVVD ,V ODP 6HGXQLD , ´ \DQJ EHUODQJVXQJ GL -DNDUWD WDQJJDO VDPSDL 6HSWHPEHU WHODK EHUXVDKD SXOD PHUXPXVNDQ NULWHULD SHUV ,VODP 'LVHEXWNDQ EDKZD \DQJ GLVHEXW SHUV ,VODP LDODK VHJDOD OLSXWDQ GDQ WXOLVDQ ODLQQ\D \DQJ VHQDQWLDVD PHQGDVDUNDQ SHPEHULWDDQQ\D DWDV NHEHQDUDQ ,VODP GHQJDQ FDUD GDQ PHWRGH \DQJ GLDWXU DJDPD ,VODP \DNQLEL DO PDX¶L]KDK DO KDVDQDK SHQGHNDWDQ \DQJ EDLN VHKLQJJD PHPXQJNLQNDQ WHUMDOLQQ\D SHQJHUWLDQ SHPEDFD WHUKDGDS ,VODP 'HQJDQ NDWD ODLQ SHUV ,VODP LWX KDUXV VHODUDV GHQJDQ WXQWXWDQ ,VODP LWX VHQGLUL %XNDQ VHEDOLNQ\D SHUV ,VODP GL OXDU PHWRGH GDQ DWXUDQ DJDPD ,VODP 'DODP SHPDKDPDQ \DQJ OHELK GDODP SHUV ,VODP LWX EHUVLIDW XQLYHUVDO 7HJDNQ\D QLODL QLODL NHMXMXUDQ NHDGLODQ GDQ KDN KDN DVDVL NHSHGXOLDQ VRVLDO GDQ VHWHUXVQ\D DGDODK NRQJNUXHQ GDQ VHVXDL GHQJDQ QLODL QLODL ,VODP %DKDUXQ %DGDQ /LWEDQJ 3HQHUDQJDQ

6HFDUD VHGHUKDQD WLP VXUYHL ³3HUV ,VODP GDQ 1HJDUD 2UGH %DUX´ VHSHUWL GLNXWLS5HSXEOLND

$SULO PHUXPXVNDQ SHQJHUWLDQ SHUV ,VODP VHEDJDL ³SHUV \DQJ GDODP NHJLDWDQ MXUQDOLVWLNQ\D PHOD\DQL NHSHQWLQJDQ XPDW ,VODP EDLN \DQJ EHUXSD PDWHUL PLVDOQ\D NHSHQWLQJDQ SROLWLN PDXSXQ QLODL QLODL ´

'DODP SDQGDQJDQ $LQXU 5RILT 6RSKLDDQ DGD GXD PHWRGH SHQGHNDWDQ \DQJ VHGHUKDQD GDODP PHQ \HOLVLN SHU V ,VODP 3HUWDPD PHWRGH SHQGHNDWDQ VHFDUD IRUPDO 'HQJDQ SHQGHNDWDQ LQL SHUV ,VODP GLSDKDPL VHEDJDL SHUV \DQJ GLWHUELWNDQ ROHK XPDW ,VODP PHQ\XDUDNDQ DVSLUDVL GDQ DNWLYLWDV XPDW ,VODP GDQ EHUWXMXDQ XQWXN PHPSHUWDKDQNDQ PLVVL GDQ HNVLVWHQVL ,VODP

.HGXD PHWRGH SHQGHNDWDQ LQIRUPDO 'DUL NDFDPDWD LQL SHUV ,VODP GLQLODL GDUL PLVL ,VODP LWX VHQGLUL VHFDUD JOREDO GDQ KROLVWLN UDKPDWDQ OLO DODPLQ UDKPDW EDJL VHPHVWD DODP 'DODP NRQWHNV LQL ,VODP OHELK EDQ\DN GLXNXU GDUL FLWD FLWD PRU DOLWDVQ \D GDU L VHPXD VHJL NHK LGXSDQ :XMXGQ\D DGDODK NHDGLODQ SHPHU DWDDQ ³NHEHEDVDQ´ WLGDN VHSHUWL OD]LPQ\D GL %DUDW SHU VDXGDU DDQ SHUVDPDDQ GDQ GHPRNU DVL

6RSKLDDQ

-LND LWX \DQJ PHQMDGL WLWLN DFXDQQ\D PXQFXO SHUWDQ\DDQ EXNDQNDK KDPSLU VHPXD PHGLD PHQ\DQGDQJ NRPLWPHQ VHSHUWL LWX" 0HPDQJ EHQDU GHPLNLDQ DGDQ\D 3HUV ,VODP GDUL VXGXW SDQGDQJ LQL PDVLK SHUOX GLSHUMHODV ODJL \DLWX EDKZD SHQHUELWDQ LWX GLNHOROD GDQ GLPLOLNL ROHK RUDQJ RU DQJ ,VODP GDQ VHFDUD VDGDU PHVNLSXQ WLGDN IRUPDO XQWXN PHQMHPEDWDQL NHSHQWLQJDQ XPDW

-LND GDUL EHUEDJDL SDQGDQJDQ WHUVHEXW GLUXPXVNDQ PDND SHUV ,VODP DGDODK SHUV \DQJ GDUL VHJL NHSHPLOLNDQ RZQHUVKLS SHPHJDQJ VDKDP WHUEHVDUQ\D DGDODK RUDQJ NHOHPEDJDDQ ,V ODP DWDX VHWLGDNQ\D PHPSXQ\DLJKLUDKGDQ DWDX

FRPPLWPHQWWHUKDGDS QLODL ,VODP VHEDJLDQ DWDX VHOXUXKQ\D ´ ,QGLNDWRU SHUV ,VODP SDGD GDVDUQ\D WLGDN WHUOHWDN SDGD DZDN MXUQDOLVWLNQ\D \DQJ 0XV OLP 6HEXDK SHQHU ELWDQ SHU V GDSDW VDMD PHPSHNHUMDNDQ MXUQDOLV 0XVOLP GDODP MXPODK PD\RULWDV QDPXQ NHSHPLOLNDQ PRGDOQ\D EHUDGD SDGD RUDQJ NHOHPEDJDDQ \DQJ EHUDGD GL OXDU NULWHULD WHUVHEXW GL DWDV

6HEHQDUQ\D LOPX NRPXQLNDVL WLGDN PHQJHQDO LVWLODK ZDMDK SHUV VHFDUD EDNX -LND LQJLQ JDPSDQJ ³ZDMDK´ LWX GDSDW VDMD GLJDPEDUNDQ PHQXUXW SHQDPSLODQ ILVLN 'DSDW MXJD RULHQWDVL UHGDNVL DWDXSXQ LVL \DQJ GLVDMLNDQ ROHK SHUV \DQJ VHGDQJ GLWHODDK 0XQJNLQ SXOD NHVDQ PDV\DUDNDW XPXP PHQJHQDL SHUV \DQJ EHUVDQJNXWDQ PLVDOQ\D

(19)

VWHUHRWLS VWHUHRW\SH \DQJ GLOHNDWNDQ SDGDQ\D 1DPXQ XQWXN PHQJJDPEDUNDQ VXDWX SHUV \DQJ ELDVD GLODNXNDQ DGDODK PHQHODDK XQVXU XQVXU SRNRNQ\D NHPXGLDQ PHQFDUL ³EHQDQJ PHUDK´ \DQJ PHQJLNDWQ\D PHQMDGL VDWX

3HUV PDVD NLQL DGDODK LQVWLWXVL \DQJ EHUPXND JDQGD 'DKODQ :DMDK \DQJSHUWDPDDGDODK VHEDJDL XVDKD LQVWLWXVL LQGXVWUL DWDX HNRQRPL :DMDK \DQJNHGXD VHEDJDL LQVWLWXVL UHGDNVLRQDO DWDX OHPEDJD MXUQDOLVWLN 'DQ \DQJNHWLJD VHEDJDL SHPDVRN NHEXWXKDQ LQIRUPDVL NKDOD\DN DWDX LQVWLWXVL NHPDV\DUDNDWDQ 8QWXN PHQJJDPEDUNDQ ZDMDK SHUV ,VODP DWDX SHUV \DQJ ,VODPL EHUDUWL PHOXNLVNDQ NHWLJD DVSHN LQL EHUVDPD VDPD EDLN DVSHN HNRQRPL LQIRUPDVL PDXSXQ SURILO NKDOD\DN .HPXGLDQ SHUOX GLFDUL ³EHQDQJ PHUDK´ \DQJ PHQMDGLNDQQ\D SHUV ,VODPL EXNDQQ\D SHUV QRQ ,VODP DWDX SHUV \DQJ ODLQ ,WX EHUDUWL SXOD EDKZD SHPEDKDVDQ SHUV ,VODP WLGDN GDSDW PHOHSDVNDQ GLUL GDUL SHUV QDVLRQDO ,QGRQHVLD VHFDUD XPXP

3HUDQDQ 3HUV ,VODP GDODP

'HPRNUDWLVDVL GL ,QGRQHVLD

$SD LWX GHPRNUDWLVDVL" 6HFDUD KDUILDK ³GHPRNUDWLVDVL´ GDSDW GLDUWLNDQ VHEDJDL ³SURVHV XQ WXN PHQ FDSDL GHPRNU DVL´ .DU HQ D LWX SHPELFDU DDQ LK ZDO GHPRNU DWLVDVL VHODOX PHPEXWXKNDQ NODULILNDVL WHUOHELK GDKXOX PHQJHQDL PDNQD GDQ VXEVWDQVL NDWD ³GHPRNUDVL´ 6HFDUD VHGHUKDQD GHPRNUDVL EHUDUWL SHPHULQWDKDQ GDUL ROHK GDQ XQWXN UDN\DW 'HPRNUDVL DGDODK SHPHULQWDKDQ GHQJDQ VHJHQDS NHJLDWDQ \DQJ GLNHORODQ\D GLMDODQNDQ GHQJDQ PHQMDGLNDQ UDN\DW VHEDJDL VXEMHN DWDX WLWLN WXPSX 'HPRNUDVL PHUXSDNDQ VLVWHP \DQJ EHUWXPSX SDGD GDXODW UDN\DW EXNDQ GDXODW SHPLPSLQ GDXODW QHJDUD SHPHULQWDK DWDX GDXODW UDMD

3HOEDJDL OLWHUDWXU LOPX SROLWLN PRGHUQ %DUDW ELDVDQ\D PHQ\HEXW EHEHUDSD FLUL SRNRN VHEXDK VLVWHP \DQJ GHPRNUDWLV 'L DQWDUDQ\D SDUWLVLSDVL SROLWLN \DQJ OXDV NRPSHWLVL SROLWLN \DQJ VHKDW VLUNXODVL NHNXDVDDQ \DQJ WHUMDJD WHUNHOROD GDQ EHUNDOD WHUXWDPD PHODOXL SURVHV SHPLOLKDQ XPXP SHQJDZDVDQ WHUKDGDS NHNXDVDDQ \DQJ HIHNWLI GLDNXLQ\D NHKHQGDN

PD\RULWDV GDQ DGDQ\D WDWDNUDPD SROLWLN \DQJ GLVHSDNDWL GDODP PDV\DUDNDW )DWDK

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

'DODP SHUVSHNWLI ,VODP GHPRNUDVL LWX WHUFDNXS GDODP NDLGDK NDLGDK WD¶DUUXI VDOLQJ PHQJHQDO

V\XUD PXV\DZDUDK WD¶DZXQ NHUMDVDPD NRSHUDVL PDVKODKDK PHQJXQWXQJNDQ PDV\DUDNDW GDQ µDGO DGLO

3DGD GDVDUQ\D WD¶DUUXIKDQ\D EHUMDODQ NDODX DGDHTXDOLW\ SHUVDPDDQ 7LGDN DGD ZDUJD QHJDUD \DQJ GLQRPRUGXDNDQ 7D¶DUUXIPHPSXQ\DL DVXPVL DGDQ\DOLEHUW\ NHPHUGHNDDQ 7D¶DUUXIMXJD EHUDUWL DGDQ\D NRPXQLNDVL GLDORJLV 7LGDN DGD GRPLQDVL VDWX NHORPSRN DWDV NHORPSRN ODLQ

6\XUDDWDX PXV\DZDUDK GLZDMLENDQ GDODP ,V ODP .DUHQD LWX EDJL XPDW ,VODP NRPLWPHQQ\D SDGD GHPRNU DVL WLGDN GLUDJXNDQ ODJL 3U DNWLN PHQXQMXNNDQ EHWDSD 1DEL VHQGLUL PHQJKDUJDL PXV\DZDUDK 0LVDOQ\D PHQMHODQJ 3HUDQJ 8KXG DQWDUD SLKDN 1DEL GL 0DGLQDK GDQ NDXP 4XUDLV\ GL 0DNNDK DGD GXD NHPXQJNLQDQ \DQJ GLKDGDSL EHUWDKDQ GDODP NRWD 0DGLQDK DWDX EHUSHUDQJ GL

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

[r]

Salah satu industri kreatif yang saat ini sedang menyebar luas di Pekanbaru adalah periklanan yaitu kegiatan kreatif yang berkaitan dengan jasa periklanan meliputi

Metode kanguru adalah suatu metode yang dilakukan untuk perawatan bayi baru lahir khususnya bayi prematur yang pelaksanaannya dilakukan dengan kontak langsung antara

mengganti truk muatan dengan kereta api dari pelabuhan Tanjung Tembaga untuk mereduksi dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan dari pengadaan bahan baku produk kertas

Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.. Martono, Agus

Minanullah, “ Kalam Asy’ariyyah Dalam Tafsir Nusantara: Studi Kitab Tafsir Marah Labid li Kasyf Ma’na al-Qur’an al-Majid Karya Syaikh Nawawi al-Bantani” ,. Skripsi,

Pengawasan preventif, pengawasan detektif dan penganggaran berbasis kinerja tidak berpengaruh signfikan terhadap efektivitas pengendalian anggaran dengan studi empiris

Oleh yang demikian, berdasarkan kepada statistik yang dikeluarkan oleh Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat negeri Pulau Pinang, dicatatkan hanya terdapat seramai 69 orang gelandangan